The Virginian. [volume], August 06, 1822, Image 1

About The Virginian. [volume] (Lynchburg [Va.]) 1822-1829

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COHEN'S OFFICE, f
halHmor^J»(i l°i ,9-a- -
jT announcing to l.i, f.i«nu» and Chefmb
gc another
Slftle "LoUen,
* h" which he was enabled to expedite com.
J&iTSSUf in an unprecedented short
‘^Knowing the w.shes of adventurer, in favour
of. speedy result of investments, the P™>cnt
SiE*--™.* “ “«*,u b'i
ten drawings oxi.v.
This added to its comparative brilliancy, will
,no doubt cause the sale of tickets soonlojusti
Iv the announcement of the drawing.
J l„ this L ittery, a- in ‘he last,adventurers can
receive ttie rash for pi i*es sold at
J COIIGVS OFFICE,
The moment they a e drawn, and the drawings,
ti it, the lormer sch me, will be conducted uu
der the superintendence of the Comn.wato.ien
appointed by the Governor and Council
SCHEME OF THE
STATE lottery.
i**“ of £20SE 20,-0 1)0..,
n 6,000 JO.OOO
1 3.i mk) 3,000
„> 1,000 10,000
I, loo 6,000
20 4,500
um W 50,000 _
0390 Prizes £127,500
9609 Blanks
15,000 Tickets r.t £fi 1-2 127,500 Dollar*.
.VO7' Tiro RUSKS TO A PRIZE.
Qj" Prizes subject to a deduction ol tifteen
pe. cent, payable60 days after the ro.-nplet on.
All the prizes to be fioatingf om the com
aeneement oftf edrawing,except theipllowiiu:,
which will be deposited in the wheels at definite
periods, viz :
After the 2d drawing £5,000
Do. 4th do 10,000
Do. 7th do l'hOOO
Do. 9th do 20,000
In order to finish this lottery with the most
piacticahle despatch, the p izes only will be
(]<awn— this an angemeut w.ll enal leiiie O -ih
nissionrrs to complete the scheme in TEN
DRAWINGS QNLV. *
JAMES JL. DAWKINS )
NATIIL r. WILLIAMS, } Cora’rs.
J VMES R. RINGGOLD. )
Tickets, n the greatest va iety of number*,
are n w n-ady for sale, at the original rate of
tight Dollars a id Fillv Cents rath, at
© © si's !tl3 3
Lot lay and Exchange Office, 114, Market
Street Baltimore,
ir In the tw last 51 A I LOTTERIES*
t’ e whole of the following capitals were sold at
COllEN’S OFFICE, viz :
Dlo 647 a Capital prize of £10,000
1706 a Capital prize ol 10,(Hio
M a Capital prizs-of 5,000
fki a Capital prize of 6,Out)
230 a Capita^j/iize of 6,000
441 a Capital prize of 6,000
P27 a Capital prize of 6,000
1 ld6 a Capital prize of 6,000
Besides a\eiy gieat number of one thousand
dollar prizes, (,-r.
|JT Orders for Tickfls or Sh ires from anv
pa i of the United States (post paid) enclosing
the ra h o 'pi ize tickets in any oi tne lo'teiiesl
will meet with thesame prompt ai.ention as i,
on personal application, addre- I 'o
J. I. COHEN, Jr.
July 13. Brtimo.e.
iS'oVicti.
THE SUBSCRIBER WISHES TO SELL,
•1 VvwcV ui ViwvuV,
LYING a few miles from Bedford court
house, containing between four and five
hundred acres; about half of which is clear
ed, and a good portion ’of the other half good
Tobacco Lan I.—The improvements are n
Jfey-iL comfortable dwelling house
L " ih four rooms below stairs, and
lltip iff. I' o above, a good kitchen, iae.—
ere is also an apple orchard,
containing ab ,nt five hundred bearing trees,
and considered the best fruit ill this section c!
country. By early application to the subscri
ber, living at Faery Farm, three miles from
tue above mimed place, a great bargain may
“I—1 JOHN DILLARD.
. Aug“* 2 _______ w4w 17
1 HEREBY forwam all persons from-tra
jakii'gioror taking two bonds, one given to
JWe8 Nea esfor ab.ut seventy doilL; the
/ to Hugh Nt.es for about the some
v'n v 1 wd 1 helif‘ve tinted the 20th of No
ft-r*.,1*- HJ'°" «“*h Of which Isaac N.
one ot!lur Umd lo1'
fe-.i ‘ .lle ;ul;drPti Joiior«, executed afew
»b'e il|T’!.° '.Tr'J bo,h 01 "1,‘ *»W Neale*’,
* Lii D. Gilmore is the security ;
ft fan ,a:\T?r\'T !>lC 'a1U,T Ijar1 °f February
W.'.ii ' la-sl.—Tue above bonds were
*,a 'in-rn L,ir0dU,t't‘d by snia Neiiles’> and 1
WlMimaeduoUo yny any part of them.
' Aurast o J0JLN ALLARD.
-_w lvv 17
^ MjtAW.lX,
* M»rchtlf Slib';c,'il>,r on the doth of
M*l *"»,a servant named JAMES Hcne
’ tpwa'idj nf'B- 'T'""’,'4 ram<‘' Loving—
**•>wefl mir| l sls '‘rt high, ligiit complex
rr<mhisot se1w„ ,e,,s']J,n> Rhrew;l, and
Med. Iieff*1 V0ns’ n°t easily intiini
ofAtt,cmnr|el,"er]y be,0,1"R't to John Scott
"tven.1 innsi
** *inSr,iv„!CI"r'y th" or■,:,v,• «■«•—
*t«. I Ky. •tera*)t ,0 P**s for a free
^ottalile expenses!!olll,rs foul pay a||
\ .Mow~„r ;7'ld|llt^ to me in New
that I .„n“'y do"8r.8 11 scored in any
L^^m«;.;fRi0»e‘3 ,,ow probably ii,
| April 20 CEO. S. HOLLOWAY.
I * —
i] Etfcukd in the . a Vj
II *M mivuuur*1 m?7r> avi on th<
( Tinian "*> at #* "Jc* <j th>
FOR SALE,
A TRACT OP
1100 *\CTft3 o{ liftttvA,
Ofwbichonefoiirtb coriatsis of river low £ro«n<U
on both sides oi D»n River, in Caswell coun'y,
North .Carolina, seven mile* above Danville. L
Apfdy to the Subscriber, at Leaitsville Ricking
hum county, North Carolina.
GEO. IZARD.
May 10. • wdtn 6
Notice.:
ALL Rinse havingclaims igain*tthe estate
of John Thompson deceased, are request
ed to make them known properly antbentica
ted as the hiw directs on or before the let day of
October, that arrangements may be made for
discharging the same. All (hose innebtrd to
the estate aic requested to make immediate pjy
inen*.
JOHN W. THOMHSON,
CIlFF.n T. THOMPSON,
Exr», of John Thompson deceased.
Y..I— CU Aics
«»UIV tio
CASH FOR
feel oi Wank.
rpilli undersigned will receive proposals for
I. delivering at the Lynchburg Toll Bridge,
about 10,000 feel of Plan k.( oak or pine,) 2.5
feet long, not less than 12 inches wide—a part
thereof must be delivered (irxt month. They
also wish to contract with a good Workman to
put down sleepers and lay the floor of the bridge.
WILL. NOfWKLL, 1
J LYNCH, I Commit
KDW. LYNCH, f tinners.
CHR19. WLNFRFX, J
July .'Vr w3tv
MEXIIXL
[(TP The. following very interesting article,
relative to the Empire which has lately been
.erected on the American Continent, is copied
from the North American Review, of April,
1322.-—F.tit. Virginian ] •
According to the statement of Don Josef
de Moralcda, examined in manuscript by
M. de Humboldt, in the archives of the
viceroy of Lima, the Southernmost point of
the Spanish possessions in South America
is the fort Alauli(n. near the small village of
Carelinapu, upon the coast of Chili, oppo
site the northern extremity cf the island of
Chiloe. The point is iji il deg. 32 min.
south latitude. The northernmost point of
the Spanish possessions is the mission of
San Francisco on the coast of New-Cali
fornia 7 leagues north west of Santa Cru/,
in the latitude of 27 deg. IS min. north.—
The Spanish dominions, therefore, extend
ed a distance of seventy-nine degrees of
latitude, exceeding the dimensions of the
British possessions in India, or even of the
Russian empire; and giving to the Spanish
language a use more extensive than that
which is possessed by any other national
tongue.—Throughout this whole extent,
says Humboldt, “under the wise adminis
tration of Count Florida Blanca, a regular
post was established! lor communication
from tfi* borders of U iraguay to the North
West Coast of ft. Am' rica ; so that a monk
at the mission iff the Guarani Indians might
carry on a correspondence with a missiona
ry at New-Mrxico, In a route almost with
out interruption, through the continental
possessions of Spain! nd America.” We
shall better understate,this vast extent of
territory by considt^Lg that, from the
southern point of Ff^fca t< the northern
boundary of the Uoft §t»tes, are butn
hont twenty-five deC-Tocs of latitude; not
the third of the extent mu the meridian of
the Spanish dominions.
These vast dominions, under the Spanish
administration, were divic led into nine great
governments, tvliieh niigh t lie considered as
independent of each otb er. These gov
ernments were four of t Hem styled vice
royalties, mid five of then ' general captain
cies, (capitan ias generaljes.) The vice
royalties were those of Buenos Ayres, Pe
ru, Nrw-Grenoda, and Mexico, and tile cap
taincies those of Chili, Guatimuli, Porto
: ltico, Caraccas and Havanna, To the lat
: ter w as attached the region of Florida, be
fore it was ceded to the United States.
Of these several governments, that of
Mexico is unquestionably the most impor
tant. When we consider, indeed, the w on
| de.rfttl natural features of the whole Spa
nish America, the unequalled magnitude of
] the rivers, and the stupendous height of the
i mountains, the variety of climates in this
| vast range of latitudes, and the rid mess of
l the vegetable and mineral kingdoms, we
j ‘•hall, perhaps, think it hut justice to assert
the first rank among the countries of the
earth for this region. Several circumstan
ces, however, unite to render New Spain
the most important of these governments,
■ and it is therefore to this portion of them
i that the remainder of our remarks will be
j principally limited, not only on account
j of its superior importance, but because,
from various locui causes, this quarter is
the least known to the North American
public. The Supraior population, the num
ber of great cities, anil their proximity to
each other, the va* amount of the precious
I metals, and their (influence on the com
merce of the wori, together with the fa
vorable position ofits ports both for Euro
pean and Asiatic yade, seem to confer on
Mexico (or New Spain) the right to this
pre-eminence. j
»uc upptiiuuun fi i>ew opatn, in ns iuii
I < xtent is applied to tiie region subject to
the Viceroy of Mexico, and extending from
die 38th degree of North latitude to the
J.OIh of south. ti these limits it would
include the capfninty of <j uatirnala, which,
however, in point «f actual administration,
is independent of |ije Vfteroy of Mexico,
and for its fertility and population may be
; advantageously citripared with tip? most
! valuable portions nf Spanish Amejiica.—
| The greatest dimensions of New Spain
, exclusive of Guatimala, are, in length about
! 1800 miles, and in bread'll about 1100,—
The isthmus, whith unites the two great
portions ot the American Continent, is so
extremely narrow! that the project of an
artificial junction of the Atlantic and l’aci
fic has often been leriously agitated. It is
unfortunate that rfie narrowest portion of
the isthmus is unt jn that region, which, on
account of the nn:?» of Acapulcd and Vera
! f-rnz, and flit citj of Mexico, is of most
importance, in a political and commercial
vn w. In tli* geographical introduction to
liis work on New Spain, M. de Hmnlmldi
has enumerated nine different places where
the waters which flow into the Atlantic
inigiii possibly he connected with those
which flow into the Pacific.
The subject of the geological and other
natural features of New Spain, its climate
ami meteorological phenomena, would fur*
1.1 'h interesting matter of remark, Imt the
j limits ol this sketch oblige us to pass them
over. The lingular circumstance of the
elevation of the table land in Mexico, to
which the greater part of the population is
conftned, deserves, however, to he noticed.
One half of the whole surface of Mexico is
in the torrid zone. Jlut, as is well known,
the liegrt e of heat and cold depends not on
the distance from the pole, but on the ele
vation above the level of the sea, proximity
to the sea, and other local circumstances.
Under the operation of these eircuinstan
tes, more than tliree-fifihs of those parts of
Mexico, which lie in the torrid zone, have*
a temperate or a cold climate; and a con
• idcrahle part of the interior of the Mexi
can \ iceroyalty constitutes an immense
plain, at an elevation above the sea of six
or eight thousand feet, and in consequence,
| is a stranger to the afflictive temperament
1.1 the torrid zone. These immense plains,
union 8iri*fcn lor hummus ol miles in an
unbroken expanse, and at a height equal or
superior to that of the Peak of Teneriffe,
of mount Cenis, and mount St. (Jot hard,
are of the most singular natural features of
tile country. The neighborhood of the ca
pital is distinguished for a still greater pe
culiarity, in the rise above each other ol
lour successive plains, each with its peculiar
climate and productions. Tile higlie: 1 is
at an elevation of 6,529 fee t above the I-w I
of the sea ; the second at that of 7,1!>!) feet;
the third at that of 6,447 ; tin- fourth at that
ol 3,247. The lower plain is the region ot
sugar, the second of cotton, the third of
European grains, and the fourth of the A-'
gave plantations, the vineyards of flic na
tive Mexicans. The climate of the capital
of Mexico is mild, mid the temperature in
winter is that of Naples. In the coldest
season, the mean heat is from 55 to 70 de
grees of Fahrenheit, M. de Humboldt
justly notices the remarkable advantage
f°r the progress of national industry, ari
sing from the height at which nature, in
New Spain, has deposited the precious me
tals. In Pern, the most considerable sil
ver mines, those of Potosi, Pasco, and L'-ho
ta, are elevated to near the region of per
petual snow. In working them, men, pro
visions and cattle must all he brought from
a distance. Cities situated in plains, where
water freezes the whole year round, and
where trees never vegetate, can hardly lo
an attractive abode. Nothing can de
termine a tree man to abandon the delirious
climate of the valleys, to insinuate himself
on the top of the Andes, hut the hope of
amassing wealth. But in Mexico, the ra il
ed seams of silver, those of (iuuuavuato,
Zacatecas, Taseo, and Beal del Monte, are
at moderate elevations of from 5,500 to
6,500 feet. The mines are surrounded by
cultivated fields, towns, and villages ; the
neighboring summits arc crowned with fo
rests ; and every tiling facilitates the acqui
sition of this subterraneous wealth.
The population of Mexico is plan d in a
very favorable point of view, by M.de Hum
boldt, and one much at variance with the
commonly received notions on the subject.
We believe it to he the common opinion,
that this and the other .Spanish conquests
in America, were almost wholly depopula
ted, as far as the native race is eoiiceriied,
and that an arbitrary government, colonial
oppression, and the unfavorable influence
on the general condition of a people of an
abundance of the precious metals, have
prevented tlte increase ofa new population.
Far otherwise. The native tribes have
been replaced under tin- protection of the
Spanish governmant, ai.d at tin- pr. cut
day near three millions of tin- natives are
found in New Spain, which M. d< Hum
boldt is inclined to think equal, or not much
inferior to the amount of this population,
on the discovery of .Mexico, and, instead
of diminishing, this race is found to lie on
tiie increase. The cruel policy of the Mila,
whereby it has been so much wasted in Pe
ru, does not here prevail, and tin* labor of
the natives in the mines, is perfectly volun
tary. 'I'he cause of the remarkable con
trast between the increase of the Mexican
aboriginal population and the rapid decline
of the same species of population in the U.
States, is to be sought in the agricultural
habits of the former, and the abundance of
the banana, whose spontaneous growth sup
plies the greater part of their food ; while
tile subsistence of our North American In
dians, by hunting, naturally causes them to
disappear, as the forests yields to the in
roads of agriculture. In addition to this, a
marked contrast exists between the warlike
temper and habits of our native tribes, and
the peaceable disposition of most of the
Mexicans.
i>o attempt at an enumeration of the in
habitants of Mexico was made before tin
year 17!) t. It was attempted in that year,
by the viceroy Revillagigcdn, but it was not
entirely completed, and the population of
some of the intendencies is given only by
conjecture. M. de Humboldt has given a
tabic of the population of Mexico, from the
result of this enumeration, preserved in tin
vice regal archives. In the corner of Mr.
Robinson’s map is given another table, re
presenting the population of 1810. On
what documents it is founded we arc not
informed ; it agrees, however in the main
with M. de Humboldt. There'are some
great differences between these two tables;
in particular tlpal which exists in regard to
the population of Yucatan, we must ascribe
to typographical error. The population of
this province is stated by Humboldt at
358,261, while Mr, Robinson gives it at 2.3,
100. The error is in Mr. Robinson’s map.
The population of Yucatan has been’ertima
ted,as high as 405,800. The population of
Puebla is given by Humboldt at 506,44 3.
am) by Mr. Rnbinsonat 813,000. Tin. last
we presume includes Tlaseala, which docs
not appear as a separate name in Mr. Ro
binson’s table, and is giyen by M. de Hum
boldt at 58,177, Mr. Bonnycastle gives the
poruUtion of Puebla at nitv»00. San In,i*
Pntosi, iiceordiitn to M. de Humboldt, has
a population of i U. ’80, and accordion to
Mr. Roliitnon, one of 100,000 ; Mr. Bonny
caatl.* ttiv.-s, it at :i.u,'»0O; and Hut of the
; two Califonii.u i< ipuui by Humboldt at
I u,i*on, •inn uy mr. Kolimson at illVIOO,
b rout ill** addition of the wliole (some pro
i 'iuees being given only hy estimation) M.
d. Iluinbohit. supposes that, in iTS.‘>, the
population of New Spain was at h ast I,
488,829. Hut as authentic data to whieli
lie had access in Mexico, convinced him
that tlie population was rapidly advancing,
lie has placed it at 5,800,000 for 180:1; and
In 1800, lie slates it to exceed 8,500,000.
Soon [filer the last named period, thetiou
!*!• - in the Spanish American possessions
began, by which the progress of population
may have been arrested. Whether it is
likely to have been' so much diminished,
that we ought to fix jt w ith Mr. Itnlunsnn at
5,fifio,ooo,for lino, is matter of doubt.
Assuming the population to he some
where between fiw and six millions, which
we are inclined to think a very liberal al
lowance, the great proportion of one half
or nearly one half is supposed to be native
Mexican Indians. The remainder consists
ol Europeans; of crtoles, or persons of
European extraction horn in America ; ol
mestizos, those horn of Spaniards and In
dians ; muUuttors, those horn of whites and
negroes ; znmbos, the mixtute of negroes
amt Indians, and negroes. On the eastern
coast area few Chinese mid Malays, who
have found their way from Acapulco m
. fonscrpif lire uf the intercourse hetvv ecu Ilia!
port and Manilla. The European Span
iards amount to about 80,000, ami the cre
ole to about 00,000. The formei hold the
chief offices, civil, military, and ecclesiasti
cal and are in r» neral the only well educa
ted portion of the communit y This lends
to a great jealousy between them and the
creoles.—.Then- are. very few slaves in Mex -
ico ; tljc whole number being given by
Humboldt at 10,000, of whom 0,000 arc
negroes, and 4,000 Indians from hostile
tribes 011 the northern frontiers, taken pri
soners in war. The mass of llio native
Mexican population is free, In ing subject
.to no Men ice nr burden, but the capitation
t \ of about two dollars it licipl.—'I hey la
bor, however (older great civil disabilities,
and intermarriage in forbidden between
them and the whites. Son)e*if them, ac
cording to M. d» Humboldt, are in posses
sion ol great fortunes ; although they retain
tin-exterior appearance of pm ci ty, |!v
the plan of a constitution, promulgated by
(.111. Iturhideat Yguala, Keh. 21, 1821, " all
tin - inhabitants of New Spain, without di
Imrtion of Africans, Europeans, or Indians,
are citizens ofthe new monarchy, w ith di
nihility to all employments, according to
their virtues and merits.”
In his chapter on the checks of pr^pul.i
tion, M. de Humboldt gives an inti routing
account ofthe di eases of New Spain, par
ticularly small pox, yellow fever, a destruc
live sort ol plague, to which the Indians n
lone lire subject, called mallaznhwill, and
the diseases resulting from famine. We
have not however, time to engage in ttjjs
subject. The progress of the small pox
lias been much diminished by vaccination,
and the very curious rireuinstmice is
mentioned, that the elYeot ofthe row pox
as an antidote to small pox was. before the
discovery of Dr. Jenner, familiarly known
to the peasantry among the Peruvian An
des, who had observed that those employ
ed ill milking cows in the Cordilleras,
caught 11 on 1 the e animals a mild cut a neons
disease, vyliieh prevented their taking the
small pox. It is well known that the be
lief in this fact among the peasantry in
tilnueestershire led Dr. Jenner to his dis
covery.
The riches of lb- Mexican soil, exclusive
.of the precious metals, arc well known to
he unsurpassed by those of any uthei re
gion.—Among the agricultural products,
are those Which might doubtless become
the source of greater wealth, than all the I
mines of silver and gold. Mexico produces
wheat, maize, cotton, indigo, pimento, su
gar, tobacco, the agave, cocoa, and tin- co
chineal plant. It has the banana, flu* prin
cipal article ol food for J lie !>oor peasantry,
and tin manioc, w liii-h yields the ea ,. .1 -i.
bread, and possesses the valuable properly
of resisting the attacks of insert .. It pro
duces the polatnc, lemalas, ri< e, and the
ordinary esculents of Europe ; and ori the
table land the European fruit frees, such as !
plumbs, apuents, tigs, cherries, peaches,!
melons, pear-;, and apples, are sui te/.fully
cultivated. The olive and the vim mi j
checked by nothing, but the illiberal policy
of the mother, country, w hich think it nc-i
ce-.sary to discourage their growth in the I
colonies, for the sake of protecting the v ine
and oil of t-ipain. Besides these the tropi- 1
cal productions, as guavas, ananas, sapofes,
mnmeis, oranges, and lemons: vanilla, sar- j
sa pa rill a, and i.* - rip. (which takes the name I
from the town of Xalapa, where it is found,)
odoriferous gums, medicinal plants, anil ,
drugs, the dyeing woods, such as logwood, j
the fine wood:- for furniture, the. silk worm, !
honey and wax, and the pearl fishery of,
the coast of California, contribute t heir res- j
noetive shares to the natural wealth of this
favored region.
But the m»Kt ri‘h !»rf*t*'<! source nfwealth
in this region is tin; gold ami sliver mines.
The eleventh chapter ofM. de timnholdt’s
political essay in devoted to this subjec t,
and is one of tile most elaborate and inter
esting in his work.—Mr. Bonnycastle has
condensed into a few pages the most pro
minent general statement-,,—The Mexican
mines are, tt is well known, the riche i in the
World and have long approved themselves
as such notwithstanding the imperfect and
wasteful manner in which they have been
wrought. Much improvement, however, lias
taken place in lips respect during the last
gatin’lion. Tin; directors of the rptiies
have, in some instances, In eu sent to the
school of Freiberg, near Dresden, for edu
cation, and the ehool of the mutes in the
city or Mexico itself is now tin a forcing to
compare advantageously with any similar
institution in the world. The amalgama
tion and other jrroeesurs introduced with
such sneer.>s by Werner, a* Freiberg,as to
prevent the mines in that district from be
ing dcy'rted, are fully adopted in Mexico ;
.uni should it he potdlile efli etually to In
troditce the steamengiue which tjie r,.m
p.irntiyo want of fuel stakes questionable
tlnre in little doubt licit, with the return of
a settled order of things, the value oi'tlir
mines will vastly incr- are.
_ Tlie mining station* for gn|>| and silver in
New Spain amounts to live Hindu d, and
Humboldt siipnoatj the pumlicrof minea in
jdl these station*, to Jo- three tlmm.uid.
't he lu-si and most produrtive of the silver!
mines are found al n height above, the le
vel of file sea of from a,000 til 9,1! of.it.
Three mines alone have produced mor« jj,;m
half ns much again as all tin- rest p it
'her. T.'iese are the mine , oftiuiiuaxuut.),
f aitorce, and Zacatecas. The quantity’ «f
"'Iter exported from New Spain to Hump* i
and India /in- annum is shout one million
six hundred and fifty thousand pounds
weight.
Hold is generally produced by Washings.
It is found in abundance in the alluvial ro
pious ol Sonoran, in the sands of Hinqui, and
in Ihim ra, vv here grains of .i very large size
have been discovered. It U also ft.mid in
'he mines ol < tax (tea and * Isewhere in veins
I lie produce ol gold in New Spain in gtuted
by M. de Humboldt to amount, in the
lim it f,i\ orahle ye.n tn one milljiui of dol
lars and tip produce of the silver to 2-’ mil
lions ol dollars. Mr. liohiu.mii gives fha an
nual emu,age of gold at 11,0(10,90th and of
stiver at :,o,ooo,ooo pf dollars 3lr. >Vil
cneks makes tip annual amount of gold and
silver 211,0 00,000 dollars; and Wo have
heard it stnetd in a private tpiarter, which
we think entitled to confidence, to amount
to .42,000,000 dollars in the lies!. years.
According to the letter of Mr. Wllcocks,
it lias* been excessively reduced in con
sequence of tin- iti Imbed state of the
country, mid will this year amount to not
more tli H four millions of dollars.
31. iii' 11 imiholdt gives the annual amount
of Mexican sugar at 1,900 000. The a
inount ol all sorts of mnnuliietiircH in esti
mati d by hi in at seven or eight piilliqi\a of
j dollara. The importation of articleii of
toreign growth or manufacture amounted,
in 1110 I, to 20,000,000 ; and thCjix portal Ion,
exclusive ol the produce, yml of the mines,
to 0,000,000 dollars. The glare; revenue
amounted to 20,000,000, of which !,,()q0,
000 were t'l'oin the gold and silver mines,
1,000,000 from the monopoly of tobacco,
.4,000,000 impost.1..I0O,OOOeapitalion t' x of
Indians, and 000,000 ex. i: e on the fermen
ted juice of the ag nve.
IMPRISONMENT FOR DTI IT.
The power win h t.hcrr< ditor i ■ allowed
In hold over the person of the demur, is un
incongruity in our political syste: ». It it
time (!.at it should <1.1 e to exist ; ami it
.must ee.a ie. to exist whenever it is subjected
to the test of reason. We know not how
it is that, when we rejected the law ol'pri
moifeintiire, the game laws, Hie. on dissolv
ing our conneetion with tin- metropolitan
country we retained the most barbarous
feature of the IMtish code, and yet conti
nue to incarcerate th<- di htor at the pli a
sme of the e-ifii'or, Upon the vindictive
principle of allowing punishment for the
non-performance of physical tiiipm.siliili
li< 3. 'I'o the oiiaiiHwerab)c argument, a#
gainst imp! isomnent for <t< ht, which is con
tained in the following extract limn The
Idler, it vv mild he worse (Iran idh in in; fn add
•> word : [Arif. Ini,
“The prosperity of a peoph is propor
tionate to the uiunher of hands and minds
nrefiilly employed. 'J'o the community,
sedition is a fev er, corruption in a gangrene,
and idleness an atrophy* Whatever body,
ami whatever society, wastes more than it
acquire!*, must gradually decay ; ami every
being that continues to be li d, U ecasesto la
bour, taken atvav ‘roinethfng from the pub
lic stock.
The confinement, therefore, of any man
in tile, ninth and darkness of a pri on, is a
loss to file nation, and no gain to the crcdi
tor. For of the multitudes who are pin
ing in these cells of misery, a very small
part is suspected of any fraudulent act by
which they retain wliut belongs to others.
Tin restart imprisoned by the wautonne-s
of pride, the malignity of revenge, or the
acrimony of di;appointed expectation.
If those who rigorously exercise the
power which lire law Inis put into their
hands, be a;,k< d why they continue to im
I’| on finer whom they know'to he unable
to pay them? one will answer, that hi
debtor once lived better than hinu If; ano
ther that Ins wife, looked above her neigh
bour, and bis ehildrei n went in silkelothr-3
to tin dancing school; and another that lur
pretended to lie a joker and <* w it. Nf.iii«
will reply, that if they were in debt, they
should meet with the same treatment;
Horne, f h; i they owe no mori tlian they can
pay, and treed therefore give no account of
their actions. Fnine w ill confess their re
solution, that their delator* ball rot in jail ;
and Rome will discover, that they hope,
by cruelty, to wring the payment from their
friend-.
l III- «:iiu 111 fill I 1 > 11 r« ‘^lililllOT'ft in 11»
cure privat. happiness from private malig
nity ; to keep individuals from (iwjiowrr
of on**, another; hut this end is fflpre.ntly
nrgicrt.-d, when a man, irritated with
loss, is allowed to he the judge of his own
cause, and to assign th* punishment of his
own pain ; when the distinction lo t ween
guilt and happiness, between casualty and
design, is entrusted to eyes blind with in-r
ter. st, to understandings depraved by re
sentment.
Since poverty js punished among us as a
crime, it ought at least to he treated with
the same lenity as other ci lines ; the offen
der ought not to languish at the will of him
w horn he has offend, d, hut to hi' allowed
some appeal to the justice of l.is country.
There can he no reason why any debtor
should he imprisoned but that ip- may he
compelled to payment; and a term should,
therefore, he Axed, in which the creditor
should exhibit his accusations of concealed
property. If such property can he disco
vered, let it he given to the creditor-; if the
charge is not offered, or cannot be proved,
Ivi! the prisoner he dismissed.
Those who made lav,a, apparently, sup
posed that every deficiency of payment if
the crime of the debtor. But the truth is
tint the creditor always shares the act, and
i I'li ■ more then m.- n * tli
Jer t| i ii i Mi mhnp|u
i• >iI r• .ms . iiolhi r imt for
soil, ii ,| to in eontrai ted m i9
• o'1 to hin i If, mu] for huV^JL
In pFWIOl 11 mi I hi- | > in lit to n
“I hnz.ijii . ami tin re is no rll
one jdiotill mjjiisJi tin other fori!
m v. hi* Ii hath eoncurrtw
Man) nlfhr inhabitant* of primal
juMly finin| lain ofhardtr treatment.
I I. . a .1 . i m
-m* vv (Hillin' run J>r v5 IS
ti n obliged to bribe I s i reditor (<> p..t a nte,
by increasing bts debt. Worn and worse
commodities, at a highhr and higher price,
are forced upon him j hi i iinpovctT f id
by cnnipnl.ive tr(li<h, and at last over
" helmed, in tin common reccptat l< » of mi
‘ci.v, hj debts, which without bisownton
were aeemmiluli d on hi, head. To the
T’ M<fol tins distress, no other object ion can
lie nttide, hut til it hy an easy di mint job of
debt,, fraud will he. left without punish
tiient, Alii imprudence without awe ; hi d
that v ho, insolvency should be. no longer
punishably credit w ill cease,
I he mot.ye t,, credit, is the hope of ad
vantage, Uuntnerce < hi never he it a Mop
"’blJ* out ran vants w li.it another c in Blip -
ply ; null credit v,|| r l„. deni-d, w hilo
it is likely t*» be H‘-|>qjd with profit He
tbit f i list a one w|u an Ik' designs to j.ue, i«
eiiniinal by the act oftrt^t ; 11,,• cessation
oi such insidious traffic h\ desired, ai.d
nn renHoii i n., he given why*« bongo< t the
l.nv should impair any olhi r.\
We set nation trade with ntM*, w here
no payment can be compelled. Mutual con
venjeuec produces i.iuturtl confidiWe; and
the merchants continue to satisfy vjn de
mand. of each .other, though they IpjL no.
thing to dread but the Ins i of trade.
h is vain to continue nn hi ijtution which
txjwrien.thews to tie iuolleetual tv.
have now imprisoned one generation o!
debtors alter another, hut wit do not {hut
that tlu ir munlici’s lessen. We have pow
learned that rashness and imprudence will
not lie deterred limn taking credit ; f.-t us
try whether fraud and avarice may be
Iim.'e easily restrained from f,iviup if.”
Laura's Portrait. - Italian papers say
that the original Portrait of Petrarch's Lau
ra has been found. It is Wfdl kltpwn that
she vvas painted hy Simone IWcmtm ; Imt
Hie engraving, publi.hed hy HapliOef Mor
r hen, is alter an ideal portrait, or perhaps
the portrait o| another Laura, who lived
about 1,'loQ. T|lo recovered portrait is in
tlie revolleetion ofiM. Ariiglu at Florence
l Piazza, SS. Trinitn pdag,".! ISuondclmnuti,)
ii.d lias been decl.aretl l>y Count (.'ieognara
to he nutlifi tic, after a comparison with the
original miniature in the celebrated MS. of
Petrarch, preserved in the Laurenlian Li
brary at Florence. The possessor has
published an engraving of it.
Dutch f lranUmss.- Sir Wm, T.-tnple,
"bf rvitig upon the extravagant neatness of*
the people of Holland, mentions flic cir
' Umst.’itiet of a magistrate going to v isit the
mistress ol a house of Amsterdam, when
knot-king at the door, a tight, strapping
North Holland lass came and opened it
Hi asked whither her mi tress was at
bomt ? She replied yes, and with tint hr
offered to go in ; hut the girl, remarking
his shoes were not very clean, took him
by both arms, threw him upon her bark-—
tarried him across two rooms—put him
down at the hot loin of the stairs pulled off
hia shoes—put on him a pair of slippers, aj/d
alt without saying a word -Imt when lit
had done, she told him he might go to hee
mistress who was in a room above.
Sinfriitur Till I y.—Among the French
devotional piece#, burlesque has ever
resigned in the titles of tluir hook . of piety ;
as “The Snuffers of Divine Love," “the.
Spiritual Mustard Pot, to make the Soul
sneeze with Devotion,” “The Vqiuclup
booted and "purred for Paradise.” ^
i Mr. Pennant, the British tourist, in pri
vate lift: had some peeiiliarifys, and even
ercenfrieities. Among the tatter may Ire
el.’" .ed Ins singular antipathy ton wig
which, however, hr could suppress tiiirt .a
“ouyii hh d a little to wine Hut whentidj*
was the case, off went the wig next to him,
anil into the fire! Dining once »t Chc.sf.q
with nn officer who wore a wig, Mr. Pen
nant became half seas over, and another
friend that was in company carefully pla
ced himself between Pennant and the wig,
to prt vent mischief. After much patience
and ui;;iiv a wistful jpok, Pennant started
up, seized the wig, ami threw it into the
fire. It vvas in flames in a moment,and -o
was the officer, who ran to his sword.
Down stars runs Pennant,and the offireruf
tcr him, through all the street!" of Chester.
Hut Pennant cy.iped, from superior lorn,!
knowledge. A wag tailed this “ Pennant’s
Tour in Chester.” [IVulpuk.
What is called «cntin»ent-‘d writing, the1
it be understood to appeal solely to (he
heart, may lie the product of a had one.
One would imagine that. Sterue. hud been a
mm of .1 wry tender heart; yet | know,
from indubitable authority, that his mother,
who kept a school, having run in debt on
account of an extravagant daughter, would
have rotted in jail if the parents of her echo*
Ini s had not raised a subscription for her.
Her son |iad too much sentiment to have
j any feeling. A dead ass was inorf nnpor
I taut to {nut than a living mother. )/6.
In an address delivered by one Mr. Bra
shears, in St. Mary’s county, (Maryland)
on the 4th of July, he gravely informed that
our country extends “ from the frouu
climes of Maine to the sultry plains of Lou
isiana !” Mr. B. we think, lnust be su
premely ignorant of those “ climes” whi< ly
he has been ]iteased to term “ frozen.’’
[ISvslon Paper.
Antidote for Laudanum.—A correspon -
dent communicates to us the following
method of counteracting the effects of lau
danum : ‘lemon juice, taken immediately,
j acts ns an emetic, and prevents the lethaf.
I gic appearance of death, and t'mnje^uently
I preserves life ”