The advocate. [volume], May 09, 1894, Page 11, Image 11

About The advocate. [volume] (Topeka, Kan.) 1894-1897

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THE lID"VOOj.TH3
11
New Zealand's Experiment.
The eyes of practical-minded sccial
reformers have for the last two years
been fixed upon New Zsaland, that mod
em little Australian colony where ad
vanced theories of sociology and polit
ical economy have been put to expert
mental test. In the current number of
the;Oatlook Mr. A. C. Fradenburg out
lines the course of these experiments
and sums up the results achieved in the
most important His article is quite
comprehensive and his conclusions are
of a nature to attract the earnest atten
tion of every thinking man and to
awaken enthusiasm in the mind of the
student who has attempted the solution
of many existing problems along the
lines of state socialism, or "new liberal
ism," as they term it in New Zealand.
In NewZealand state activity has re
sulted fin 'the government assuming
many other functions besides that of
mere governing. 1 he state controls rail
roads, telegraphs, telephones, mails,
roads, irrigation and other public works
which involve the management of nat
ural monopolies, and by reason of its su
perior credit and resources has been able
to precede and lead in civilization with
these instead of following at a oonserva
tive distance, as is the case wherever
these industries are in private hands.
Up to March of 1893 the government of
New Zealand had expended over 26,
000,000, or $130,000,000, on railroads and
other publio works under the policy of
clearing tha way for civilization and im
migration. Soma of the railroads it
built, others built by private parties it
purchased. In 1872, when the policy
went into effect, there were only sixty
five miles of railroad in the colony. Last
year there were 1,886 miles under gov
ernment control and only 150 miles still
owned and operated by private corpora
tions. In 1892 the earnings of the
railroads were $5,900,000 and the net
earnings, over all expenses, $2,249,150.
Telegraphs, mails and waterworks have
likewise yielded encouraging profits, the
gross income from the two first named,
which are operated together, being
$1,498,325. Telephones, over which the
government but recently assumed con
trol, paid into the treasury during the
same year $95,775, a good proportion of
which was in excess of fixed and opera
ting charges. And this, too, in a new
country, a colony far removed from older
civilization, a small country, containing
altogether less than 700,000 people!
Had the people of New Zealand
stopped at this point, they would still
have led the world in the rational solu
tion of vexing social problems. But
they did not stop. The government has
assumed control of native lands, opened
them up, and will either lease, rent or
sell outright to a settler on easy terms
whatever ground he may require, or, if
he have no money, will advance him a
sufficient sum to make his first pay
ments, and to begin his improvements.
The system of land tenure and taxation
is a modified application of the princi
ples expounded by Henry George. Most
of the ground is leased in perpetuity or
rented out by the state at an annual
rate varying from 4 to 5 per cent, of its
cash value. Land owned by individuals
is taxed at a low figure, providing it does
not exceed in value $25,000. On all prop
erty over that amount in value, a special
graded tax is assessed, which increases
with the increase in size and value of the
estate, becoming almost prohibitive
when tnat value gets beyond $150,000. It
is the settled policy of the New Zsaland
government to prevent the acquisition
of a great tract of land by any individual
or corporation. If, however, any victim
of this policy thinks his taxe? are too
high, the state always stands ready to
purchase his property. Small holders
have scarcely any tax to pay on their
land, and none whatever on improve
ments. The state also acts as trustee,
administers estates at the actual cost of
administration, and runs a free publio
employment bureau, with branches in
every town, where the mutual require
ments of employers and employes all
over the colony may be ascertained.
These are not all the social experi
ments which have been tried in New
Zealand. They are but a few of many.
and all have thus far been attended with
most gratifying success. When the
recent financial panic devastated the
whole of Australia and the Australasian
colonies, extending in its effects even to
the Sandwich islands and California,
New Zealand alone of them all escaped
the scourge. Her commerce was not
impaired, her banks remained solid, her
values were undisturbed. Call it, then.
advanced liberalism, state socialism,
what you like, the faot remains that
state activity and state performance of
many funotiona hitherto left to individ
uals has proven an unqualified success
in New Zealand. And if in New Zea
land, why not elsewhere? Why not in
America? Chicago Times, April 10.
A Great Manufacturing Industry.
Whenever machinery is used for har
vesting grain and grass the name Mo
Cormick is well and favorably known.
That others before the lata Cyrus Hall
McCormiok had given thought and
experiment to the inventing of a grain
cutting mechanism it would be folly to
dispute, but that he was the first to give
to the world a practical and successful
reaper is a fact so well established that
only jealous opposition would presume
ORIGINAL M'COBMICK REAPER 1831.
to undertake its refutation. It was in
1831, near Walnut Grove, Vs., that
young McCormick, then 22 years of
age, announced to the world the realiza
tion of his hopes and accompanied the
announcement with a practical demon
stration by harvesting a field of oats
with his newly evolved reaping ma
chine. The underlying principles of
that machine are found in every harvest
ing mechanism to this day. They are,
the divider, the reel, the platform and
the reciprocating knife. Touching this
point regarding the foundation princi-
blade, operating in fingers or supports to
the grain being oat. The platform for re
ceiving the eat grain deposited thereon by
the reel and from whioh it was rakod to the
side in gavels ready to bind. A divider to
separate the grain to be out from that left
standing.
And in the same line is the report of the
commissioner of patents, made in 1859,
who,in refusing the extension of one of Mr.
McCormiok'a patents on the ground that
it was of too much value and import
ance to the public, said that "not a suc
cessful reaping machine could be made
without a license from Cyrus H. McCor-
micsc
Again, at the first World's Fair, held
in London in 1851, the McCormiok
reaper was awarded the Grand Council
medal, and the council of juries said in
their report that it was "the type after
which all other reaping machines were
made." Being first, then, in point of
priority, it is not strange that the in
ventor of the reaper, in whose make-up
were combined the rare qualities of the
genius and the man of business sagac
ity, should, during his life-time, have
euoceadedin keeping McCormiok ma
chines first and foremost in point of ex
cellence and popular favor; nor that his
successors in the management of the
?;reat McCormick business, since the
ounder's death, in 1884, should have
continued to hold the earns enviable po
sition. In point of annual product, the
works of the McCormick Harvesting
Machine company are the largest in the
world. These works have a capacity for
building one complete machine every
minute, and that the product of this
marvelous expedition is more nearly
perfect than any other machinery of its
class is readily acknowledged by the ex
pert mechanic and the practical farmer.
The popularity of the McCormick Bind
ers, Reapers and Mowers is so great
that the company asserts that in the
aggregate annual sale of all kinds and
and makes of grain and grass outting
machinery, about one-third bear the
name of McCormick. The action of the
McCormiok company in relation to the
World's Columbian Exposition was
highly commendable and has, if possi
ble, given them a firmer hold of the ag
ricultural element of the world.
The immense MoCormiok business has
been built up to its present proportions,
not less because of the company's honor
able dealings with their patrons than for
the superiority of their machines, and as
they have always claimed these machines
were better than those of any other
manufacturer, to those who know their
method of doing business it was not sur
prising that they promptly signified their
willingness to take them into the field
tests conducted by the World's Fair
management. All manufacturers of
harvesting machinery were invited to
participate in these trial?, but aside from
one solitary mower, the McCormick grain
and grass cutters were the only ones
present. The medals and diplomas
awarded them were, therefore, of the
highest value, and to them the greatest
honor attaches. In this day and age,
when it is so common for manufacturers
and dealers to assert :that their wares
mm
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When writing advertisers mention Advocate
isGunnsLE,
OuratmpI, radical, pain
metflod cwunltto drop
oat In few day mj t!g rooid u
blood purt!,d, tmn pwmui.nu n knife nor
mUStlC. No mm lm T.r ,ffe-Ud tlU hafor.
rtUcck Xodle&l lutitat 830 LaSalle A v., Chicago.
Write ft tMUmoaiaU titular ft "Gmid" to
ELECTBO - HOHEOP ATH?
When writing- ad vert&era moatio'a'Ad vooa'w
i:iYi::C!3LEI!ATCSiER. Tho BESJ
;ffp:rrT7?laatorlBroflidei
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mm
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Wire CANNOT SEE HOW Y09 CO
Wirt ITAiaPlYFJmSHT.
oar 1 drawer walnal or oak la
rd High Aral 8I(wmwIii( uachlaa
flntly Bnlahwl, nuk.l plaWd a.Lnud la light
4 nav worm nrinlMl lor iu lrl wli
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THE "MACHIIfK OP STEEL" 1891.
pies of all harvesting machines, Knight's
New Mechanical Dictionary, by Ed
ward IL Knight, A. M., LL. D., sayi:
While there have been many valuable im
provements in detail, it may be truthfully
said that to dispense with Cyrus H. Mo-
Cormiok'a invention would be to wipe every
reaper out of existence. The original ma
chine of MoCormiok embraoea the follow,
ing features: The serrated reciprocating
are "the best" it is gratifying to find a
concern that is willing to go into the
competitive field against the world and
prove their claims. To those, however,
who have been cognizant of the meth
oda, the policy and the aims of the Mc
Cormick Harvesting Machine company,
a course contrary to that pursued by
them in relation to the World's Fair
field trials could not reasonably have
been expected.
4rr NhuiU,HIMMtlnf Nofidlaaod aonmpltM
M of HWwl attaibaataablppd an llmH
SO !?' Trial. No roon.Y r.iiulrad fa adraiK.
15,000 now In nM. World'! fair Medal awarded machln and attach
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I nil Ulonii,tiitlmnnlilrM (lllinnwaol lh World'aFalr.
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