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Ml VOLUME VI. NO. 41. DOWAGIAC, CASS COUNTY, MICHIGAN, THURSDAY, JANUARY 28, 1864. WHOLE NO. 301. r i. Is Published every Thursday, At Dowagiac, cass ConB.tr, Michigan, CAMPBELL MEAD, Publishers. OFFICE: im the Brick Block Comer Front and Commercial Streets. Terms of Subscription. To office and mail subscribe rs.fl ,50 per annum, Ixtariablt In Advascb. When left by the Carrier, Fifty Cents additional wtH be charged on regular rates. Rates ol Advertising. (Twelve lines or less considered as a Square.) II w.lSw.Uw.l 8 m. m. 1 yr. On Square 1 50 j 1.0011.861 8.50.501 5.00 M ChMn..j 8.00 1 8.60 1 8.00 j 6.00 8.qopijM0 X Ookime.. 8.00 1 8.75 1 4.601 7.00 12.00 20. 00 K Column.. 4.00 15.001 8.00 1 10 00 I 15.00 25.00 1 Column...-! 5.00 17.00 1 3.001 15 00 1 2filX 1 50 00 The privileges of yearly advertisers will be con fined ngidlv to their business, and all other adver tisements not pertaining to their regular business, to be paid for extra. All legal advertisements charged at the statute prices. r All transient advertisements to be paid for in advance. gay Thi abovb Tbsms will bs strictly ad- SBRBD TO. 3B7" Job Woei of every description neatlv ex ecuted with promptness, on the most favorable terms. Orders solicited. Official Directory THB BXSCCTIVB. President Abraham Liscols, of Illinois. Fiem-President Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine. TBI CABixrr. Setfy of State William H. Seward, of N. Y. Sew'y of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio. Sec'y of the Interior Ulhm, of Indiana. Set'y of tkeXawy Gideon Welles, of Connecticut. H e'y of War Edwin M. Stanton, of Penn. Postmaster General Montgomery Blair of Md. Attorney General Edward Bates, of Missouri. UNITED STATES SENATORS. Zachariah Chandler, of Wayne. Jacob M. Howard, of Wayne. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. first District. Fernando C. Beam an, of Lenawee. Second District. Charles Upson, of Branch. Third District. John W. Longyear, of Ingham. Fourth District. Francis W. Kellogg, of Kent. Fifth District. Augustus C. Baldwin, of Oakland. Sixth. District. John F. Diiggs, of Saginaw. STATE OFFICERS Governor Austin Blair. Lieutenant-Governor Charlea S. May. Secretary of State James B. Porter Auditor General Emil Anneke, State Treasurer John Owen. Sup' t of Public Instruction John M. Gregory. Com. State Land Office Samuel S. Laeey. Attorney Generdl Albert Williams. Adjutant General John Robertson. COCSTY OEFICIRS. Judys of Probate Clifford Shanahan. Sheriff William K. Palmer. Clerk Ira Brownell. Register of Deeds Ariel E. Peck. Treasurer Joseph K. Ritter. Prosecuting Attorney (Jhaa. W. Clisbee. Circuit Court Commissioner Uxziel Putnam, jr. Surveyor Amos Smith. Coroners Joseph N. Marshall. Edward Shanahan. THE JUDICIARY. JCSTICBS Or THI SUPREME COURT. Chief J wet ice George Martin. Aseoeiat Justice Isaac P. Christisncy. James V. Campbell. Randolph I ..nning. JUDO IS OF THE CIRCUIT COURTS. First Distriet-iara H. C. Wilson. Seeosxd District Nathaniel Bacon. Third District Benjamin F. B. Witherell. Fourth District Edwin Lawrence, Fifth District Benjamin F. Graves. Sixth District Sanford M. Green. Seventh District Josiah Turner. Eighth District Louis S. Lovell. Ninth District Flavins J. Littlejohn. Tenth District James Birney. Upper Peninsula Daniel Goodwin. REGENTS OF THE UNIVRESITY. President. Henry P. Tappsn, D. D. k LL, D. First Circuit. Benjamin L. Baxter. Second Circuit. J. Eastman Johnson. Third Circuit. Lri Bishop. Fourth Circuit. Donald Mclntyre. JA Qircuit.E. Lakin Brown. hjiath Circuit. Henry Whiting. Seventh Circuit. Luke H. Parsons. ' Miahth Circuit. Oliver L. Spalding. Ninth Circuit. William M. Ferry, Tenth Circuit. George Bradley. Republican Directory. " Stats C ext rax Committee. W. A. Howard, Ch'n Detroit, lstf LSstriet Geo. Jerome, Detroit. R. B. Beecher. Adrian. U St Darius Monroe, Bronson Prairie. Emmons BueU, Little Praicje Ronde. W. W. Woolnough, BulUe Creek. S. M. Cutcheon, Ypsilanti. A. B. Turner, Grand Rapids. T. W. Ferry, Grand Haven. 4 Uh D. C. Buckland, J. W. Sanborn, J. B. Walker, Alex. Campbell, W. S. Wood, Seerstary Pontiac. Port Huron. Fhnt. Marquette. Detroit. Couxtt Committer. Win. H. Campbell, Ch n, Dowagiac. J as. M. Spencer, JessMS G. Beeson, JsDh K. Ritter. ysssaptms. Joseph K MUROM BueU, Little Prairie Ronde. Poeaoox TowRSMir Committir. Woo. H. Campbell, Dowagiac. J as. M. Spencer, Robert J. Dickson, Pokagon. Towksbtp Committbr or LaGrange. Chas. W. Clisbee, Oh'n, Cassapolis. Joseph Harper. Cbas. G. Lewis, " YoldWa Township Committee. P. W. Sonthwocth, Ch'n, Yolinis A. B. Copter, M, J. Gird, M PBS! TOWNSHIT COMHIffft. CbHes B. Carrier. CV fm Jrthn Alexander, A L. Tborp. ft MtiXBtb, wlP PROJESSIONAL CUAS. FRITZ, Watchmaker & Jeweler, Dowagiac. Mich. See Advertisement in this paper. AMOS SMITH, County Surveyor, Yandalia, Case County. Mich. jnne4-7yl IaJEVI J. REYNOLDS, LICENSED AUCTIONEER. Calvin Township, Cass County Michigan. ALL BUSINESS entrusted to his care will be promptly attended to. Charges reasonable. Address, as above, Williamsville, Postofiice, Cass County Mich. aug20-18yl JACOB J. VAN RIPER, Attorney ad Counsellor at Law, and General Col lecting Agent. Back Pay. Bounties and Pen sions procured on ieasonable terms. Office over the old l'ownseud Store. declO-S4jl JAMES M. SPENCER Attorney and Counsellor at Law, and Solicitor in Chancery, Soldiers Peusious, Pay and Boun ty procured on reasonable terms. Special atten tion paid to the collection of Claims. Oliice in Brick Store, corner of Fiont and Commercial Streets, Uowagiad, Mich. apr23-2tlyl JAMES SLLEIVAxN, Attorney and Counsellor at Law, and Solicitor in Chancery, Dowagiac, Mich. Oihce on Prom Street. ap254yl ' CLIFFORD SHANAHAN , Attorney and Counsellor at Law, aud Solicitor in- Cuancery, Cassapolis, Cass county, Mien. A. N. ALW AKO, DeneralOealer in Books, Stationery, Periodicals, Wall Paper, v ludow Shades, W rapping Paper, Pocket Cutlery ,&c. Oenmson Block, Dowagiac, Mich. ap2ov4 D. LAKELERE A CO.. Dealersin Dry Uoods, Uroceries, Boots and Shoes, Crockery, Hats and Caps, Glassware, Faints and Oils, Hardware, Ac, Ac. Pront Street, Dowagiac, Mich. Daniel i, a t l til k . Williai; Larzelere. MISUKLL KqTJS. H. B. DEN MAN, Banking and Exchange Oihce, Dowagiac, Mich. Buy and sell Exchange, Gold, Bank Notes, and Land Warrants. Pay interest on School and Swamp Lands, and Taxes in all parts ol the State. ap25v4 P. D. BECKW1TH, Machinist and Engineer. Foundry and Machine Shop at the foot of Front street, near the rail road bridire, Dowagiac, Mich. ap25v4 NOTICE FOR JANUARY, 1864. TO THE SICK. Dr. V. Ce PRICE, Analytical Physician. Late of Buffalo N. Y., will will be for consultation on diseases generally at NII.ES, BOND HOUSE, DURING TUE&DAY, THE 2d OF FEBRUARY. KALAMAZOO, BURDICK HOUSE, on WED NESDAY THE 3d OF FEBRUARY. It will be remembered that Dr. Price has visited Niles, Kalamazoo and the other places in our State regularly every few weeks for the past two years, and will continue to do so. All persons unable U visit him can receive his aid by addressing a letter to his E5gH Residence, Waukegan 111., where allletters hsould be sent. Dr. Price devotes his whole time to the cure of SCROFULA, RHEUMATISM, FITS. NERVOUS MALADIES, FEMALE DIFFICULTIES, CON SUM PT ION, THROAT, LIVER, HEART, KID NEY AND ALL CHRONIC COMPLAINTS. Our practice founded on truth, seventeen years stand ing, differs from all others, no trifling with human existence, sacrificing life by experiments. We know upon examination the cause of disease and remedy needed to remove it, not by guessing, but bv knowledge. No poisons or harsh medicines to injure the constitution, but mild and efficient. No making sick to make well, tearing down to build up, abandoning business or starving no giving encouragement without prospect, coming once never to be seen again, but honest in our dealings, frank in our opinions, moderate in our charges, regular every few weeks in our visits. We invite investigation, claim not to know everything, or to cure everybody, do claim to reason and common sense and to cure nine out of ten said to be incur able. We particularly request inose wno naveiriea this scientific doctor, that respectable physician, boasted and advertised medicines, aud doctors un til worn out and discouraged ; to call upon us costs nothing, as consultation is free. Dowagiac, Jan. 15th 1863. oct2S 27 -yl UNIVERSAL CLOTHES WRINGER. No. L Large Family Wringer, No. 2. Medium, No. IX- No. 3. Small, No. 8. Large Hotel, No. 18 . Medium Laundry I to ran by No. 22 Large -J steam or $10.00 7.00 6.00 5.00 14.00 18.00 80.00 ( hand. ) Nos. 1 and 3 have no Cogs. All other sare war ranted. . , ... No i is the size usually used in private families. Orange Judd of the American Agriculturist, says of the Universal Clothes Wrnger A child can readily wriDg out a tubfull of clothes in a few minutes. It is in reality clothes saver A TIME SAVER ! And a STRENGTH SAVER ! The savin f.f .mrmpntK will alone rjav a lurge per centage ou its cost. We think the machine much more than pays for itself every year in the saving of garments 1 There are sevral kinus nearly alike in general construction, but we consider it important that the Wringer be fitted with Cogs otherwise a mass of garments may clog the rollers, and the rollers upon the crank shaft slip and tear the clothes, or the rubber break loose from the shaft. Our own is one of the first made, and it is as good as new after nearly four years' ' constant use." No wringer can be made durable without cog wheels. A good canvasser wanted in every town. rjgF"On receipt of the price from places where no one is selling, we will send the wringer free of expense. For particulars and circulars address R. C. BROWNING, 547 Broadway, N. Y. 0J Bngtand, Ireland .France , and all parts o 5 -rmany ,for sale bv H.B.DENMAN. Banker, witness GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE To the Legislature of the State of Michigan, Convened in Extra Ses sion, January 19, A. D. 1864. IMlow- Citizens of the Senate and Howe of Swre fentatices : 9 I welcome you again to the Capitol. By virtue of that provision of the Con Btitotion which authorizes the Governor to convene the Legislature upon "ex traordinary occasions," your present assembling has been required. The period is itself revolutionary and alto gether extraordinary. The rebellion still refuses to give us either peace or rest; and no human forecast seems suf ficient to provide for all the exigencies of a single year. At your last session, after having tried the hard experiences of war for nearly two years, and learned somewhat of the requirements of the occasion, it was hoped that all had been done which would be re quired during the term for which you had been elected, and for the fulfill ment of the obligation owed by the people of Michigan to the national Gov ernment, in its great effort to protect the Union and 6ave the nation entire. All the measures of that session were, I believe, wisely adapted to the purposes had in view ; but 6ome changes made by acts of Congress in the method of recruitment of the national forces, and the failure of those acts to accomplish the object in the manner and to the extent anticipated, have rendered fur ther legislation expedient and even necessary. The enrollment act was evidently intended to dispense with the system of volunteering, and to rely mainly, if not entirely, upon drafting, to reinforce the national armies. No further appeals were to be made direct ly to the State authorities, to furnish their quotas of volunteers, as had been previously done; but the Government would at once lay its hands upon the men required, by means of tbc Provost Marshals and the machinery of the draft. It resulted, of course, that local and State bounties would Lc no further required nor would any further agita tion by the local authoiities be neces sary, in any part of the country. This project has been tried, apparently with results not altogether satisfactory, whether lor the reason that the law it self was crude and defective, or that the system was not in accordance with the habits and genius of our peojile, it is not necessary now to inqure. The Presi ent has, for whatever reason, in his proclamation of October last, "call ing upon the Governors of the different States to raise and have enlisted into the United States service, for the vari ous companies and regiments in the field from their respective States, then quotas of three hundred thousand men," returned to the old system, which looks to recruiting as the chief reliance for strengjbening the military forces. The demand that the enlistments should all be "for the various companies and regi ments in the field," also indicates a de termination to cease ornamenting am bitious civilians with the insignia of military command, and in its stead to reinforee the veteran corps by enlist ments into their well trained ranks, un der officers of tried courage and skill ; a policy so wise that it is only wonder ful that it was not adopted long before. As soon as practicable after the issue of this call, the quotas of the several States were made known to them, that of Michigan being a little in excess ol eleven thousand. It was the duty ol the State to respond to this call for volunteers with the promptness and energy which has characterized our people since the war began, and has made Michigan soldiers a pride and a glory in every army in which they have served. To do this required that all our recruiting machinery, which had been laid aside for the draft, should be again brought into full operation. Some little delay was unavoidably oc casioned in consequence of the draft being at the time in actual progress ; but all thingB considered, the success has been more than equal to the most sanguine expectations. Recruiting has been brought back to the standard of enthusiasm of the first year of the war, aud the ability of the State still to fill its quotas by the process of voluntary enlistments, has been proved beyond doubt. BOUNTIES. This has been accomplished mainly bv the offering of liberal bounties to the volunteers, aud a thorough agitation and canvass of the communities, con sequent upon it. The people have generally taken the matter directly in hand rhemselves. Without any ade quate laws directing their action in a nniform cour, they haVe come togeth er in their local municipal corporations, I and, in the various ways which seemed ! best to them, have raised the money J to enable them to offer such bounties ! as seemed sufficient to induce the en listment ol the requisite number of men to fill the quota and escape the draft. As a general thing they have aimed at lev ying the amount raised, finally, by a uniform tax, in order that all those who ought to contribute to it, should be made to do so, however unwilling any might be; and to this there seems to be no solid objection. If any interest is more indebted than another for pro tection to the maintenance of stable government, it is the property upon which the taxation will fall. And in asmuch as the war is waged for the preservation of such government, it may justly demand that the property of the country shall contribute, by fair assessment, to its success in every proper way. "What more effectual way than by filling the ranks of the army under the immediate action of the peo ple themselves ? In many instances, county, township and city bonds, ,and other evidences of debt, have been issued, which lack the necessary statutory sanction, and do not therefore possess, in the hands of the holderer their proper and legiti mate value. Th esc obligations have been entered into in good faith, and and in good faith received, presuming upon the pat riotism and justice of the Legislature. They have been incurred for the most patriotic object, and have accomplished most honorable and beneficial results, both to the State and the nation. I have no hesitation, therefore, in reccommending that the legislative sanc tion be given to the action of the peo ple in the raising of money for the pay ment of bounties to volunteers since the passage of the act of 1863, under such guards and restrictions as may he thought necessary for protection against frauds and pretended claims. In this connection, I wish also to call the attention of the Legislature to the question of the propriety of providing, by law, a uniform rule, by virtue of which bounties may hereafter be raised without th irregularities which have heretofore occurred, and without the necessity of another resort to an extra session. It is extremely desirable that when ever bounties are offered, they should be uniform throughout the Slate, in or der that different localitiis may be pre vented from a heated competition and bidding against each other, in a man ner alike disastrous to themselves and the service, resulting in too many cases in downright deception and fraud, both upon the volunteers themselves and the towns and cities from which they enlist. For this purpose, it has been thought best by many patriotic persons that bounties Ebould be afforded only by the State, and that the Fmaller munici pal corporations should be entirely for bidden to do so. In this "pinion I do not concur. After considerable obser vation and experience I am convinced thit no contrivance has yet been adopted which can compare in efficien cy with the local bounty for procuring enlistments into the military service. The same amount of money offered in any other way, either by the State or General Government, will not begin to equal it, and the reason is obvious. When the people of a town, or ward of a city, are called together to con sider the propriety of raising a bounty to fill the quota of that town or ward, a very great interest is awakened in the question at the very first step, and when it is finally determined to do so, and to assess the amount in some way upon the little community, the interest is bo greatly enhanced that every indi vidual of that community feels thoroughly committed to the preject, and lends his utmost infiucence to ac complish it. This influence is worth even more the money itself. Few will enlist from a cold, lifeless community, no matter lor the money that may be offered. But let the whole people raise up to cheer on those who enter the ser vice of their country, offering generous bounties, not to buy an unwilling sol dier, but as an earnest and hearty good will towards a gallant defender of a most righteous cause, in which all the blood that is shed shall be sacred, and the case is "bravely altered." The ambitious, enthusiastic young men will go shouting with joy to the ranks, and take up their arms with the spirit of heroei. In whatever laws may be enacted upon this subject, the object should be to aid the action of the people by giv ing local force and validity to such measures as they may decide upon, as being most likely to accomplished their purpose. At the same time it will be wise to fix some well defined limits, be yond which it shall not be lawful to go, to prevent inconsiderate rashness. In fixing such limits, care should be taken to avoid extremes. It is not only im portant that the object should be pur sued with great enthusiasm and patri otic energy, but that it should at the same time bo continuous and not transitory. The losses of the compa nies and regiments in the field are con stantly and steadily occurring. The men drop out of the ranks one by one into the hospital. Large numbers of them never return to active duty, dis appearing in the Invalid Corps, or be ing finally discharged to return to civil life. Their places in the ranks ought to be supplied by a steady influx of new recruits. It is better every way that the number required to keep up the numbers of the Michigan regiments in the field should be obtained by a steady and constant recruitment of new men, than that all should have to be done in a period limited to a few days, and consequently by a spasmodic exhaust ing effort which will soon need to be repeated. Under the present system of credits to the sub-districts, any sur plus is always carried forward ; in fact the enrollment law requires that, and any town may, by a steady system of recruiting:, keep its quota constantly filled, thus avoiding the extra expenses and effort occasioned by haste and strong competition on the eve of a draft. We owe a great debt of gratitude to the companies and regiments we have put in the field, and can repay it in no way so well as keeping their way full. It ought not to be considered a fulfill ment of our whole duty merely to raise the quotas assigned us. It is a sacred obligation resting upon the people to sustain the troops in the field ; and for this purpose it is essential that the ac tion be unremitting and steadily sus tained. When bounties are offered, the offer should be continued after the immediate exiyeucy is past, thus pro viding a surplus to meet another call. The State bounty which was provi ded by the act approved March 6th, 1863, was withdrawn soon after the late call was made. This action was rendered proper by two considerations : Fu st, the war loan fund was insufficient in amount to pay it to so large a num her of men as the call embraced ; and secondly, because the United States Government had so largely increased its bounties that its payment was con sidered unnecessary so long as those should continue to be paid. It will be remembered that this State bounty was recommended in the mes sage of a year ago to supply the place, to some extent, of the local bounties which it was apprehended would cease as soon as the draft then progressing was over, which proved to be the case. And this was for the purpose of pre venting the entire abandonment of the recruiting service, which it also has ac complished. This is a case which is very likely to occur again, and I wish to reserve the amount still remaining in the war loan fund to be used when and where other bounties are withheld, or there is some especial reason for their being paid, as in the case of the veter ans who re-enlist, having never re ceived any bounty from the State. The payment of this bounty was also con fined by express words of the act, to those who should "enlist in any regi ment, battery or company heretofore mubtered from this State into the mili tary service of the United States, or now then organizing in this State fr such service." The purpose of this was to encourage enlistments in the old regiments, and to discourage the formation of new ones, a policy which has now been adopted by the General Government. To prevent misconstrue tion, this act will require some slight amendment, more especially in regard to the discretion which was vested in the Executive. In its main object, however, I believe it to have been a very beneficial law, and trust it may be retained. ENABLING SOLDIERS IN THE FIELD TO VOTE. At your session a year ago, a bill pasned the House of Representatives, providing for the exercise of the right of suffrage in our elections by our sol diers absent from the State in the ser vice of the United States. This bill reached the Senate at the very heel of the session and failed, it wa under stood, for want of time to consider it. The subject was one of great impor tance, and surrounded with grave doubts aud difficulties. p Perhaps the minds of membersjwere not altogether settled at that time, as to the rightfulness or policy of such a law. The Constitutions of the States haye all been framed without any view to such a eomlitiou of things as the present ; and there has always been in this country, as in England, great jeal ousy of the army mingling in the af fairs of civil administration. During the past year, however, very great eon sideration has been given to the sub ject in nearly all the loyal States. It has come into judgment before the highest tribunals of several of them, eliciting very learned and patriotic opinions i from the judges, which have thrown great liht upon it, and gone far to establish the legal principles which must guide all proper legislation in that direction. This patriotism, justice and sound policy require the passage of such laws, wherever they can be constitutionally enacted, seems to be now generally agreed. The volunteer army of the United States is composed of the peo pie of the United States. They have left their various occupations in civil life and taken up arms at the call ol their country, not to become profession al soldiers, but to defend their country and government from destruction, aud their homes aud property from dese oration and pillage; not to renounce civil life aud the pursuits of peace, but to establish, upon an enduring basis, the right to both, for themsevles aud their posterity. With a patriotism and courage worthy of everlasting remem brance they have periled everything, that their country and its free insiitu tions may coniinue to exist. They are absent from the polls of the election in their several towns and wards, beat ing back the power of a causeless and cruel rebellion, in order that those very elections may be held in peace, and that the ri:bt to hold thetn aud to have their results respected and obeyed shall continue forever. If these volunteer citizen soldiers should not have a voice in the civil administration of the gov ernment for which they Igtit, then it would be well to inquire who is worth) of it. Though soldiers, they have not ceased to lie citizens and residents, nor is their stake less in the country than that of those who remain in peace at homo. Surely, he who stands faithful ly by his country in the shock of hat tie, may be safely trusted at the ballot box, though it should be carried to him at Vicksburg or Chattanooga. Is it, then, within the constitutional powers pf this Legislature, to enact a law granting the exercise of the right of sufferage elsewhere than in the town or ward where the voter is a resilient? It is not a question of the right to vote, but only of the place where the ballot shall be recived. No change ol qualifications in the voter, nor in the manner of his exercising the right, will be required. All the case demand is the establishment of a poll for the recep tion of voles in or near the camps of the troops. No right of challenge will be denied, nor any safeguard which the utmost prudence may enact. If such power exists in your body, then by every consideration of justice and riylit let it be done; but if not, then however much we may regret if, we must not move a step in that direction, since they would not be fit to make laws who will not obey the fundamental law. It he comes us, therefore, to examine care fully and judge dispassionately. That the Legislature has power to fix the time, place and manner of holding elections, and to establish the qualtti cations ot voters, unless prohibited by the Constitution from doing so, need not be doubted. Justice Butler, in deliveringthe unan imous opinion of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, declaring unconstitutional and void the act of the General Assem bly of that State, approved December 24th, 1862, "providing a mode of tak ing the voles in the election of State and other offiicers, of persons absent from the State as volunteers in the mi litary service of the United States," remarks as follows : "The Constitution establishes an elective government, and under it there roust of necessity be a fixed time, place and manner of holding elections. If these are clearly and sufficiently fixed and prescribed by the Constitution, and nothing is expressly delegated, or by implication left to the Legislature, that body cannot interfere to alter, extend or suspend them, or either of them, in the slightest particular. If they are not thus fixed and prescribed by implica tion incident to the general legislative power to do it, so that the government may bte perpetuated and sustained. "Our simple inquiry, therefore, is whether the Constitution has SO fully and clearly prescribed the time, place and manner of holding election, or either of them, as to leave by impli cation no power in the General AsBetn bl vjto prescribe them, or either of them, in the way and to the extent they have ittempted to do, in the act in ques tion. "In relation to the time, place and manner of holding elections, the Con stitutions of the several Siatet differ. In some of them all these are prescri bed with that particularity which for luils all action of the Legislature. In . others, neither are prescribed, but the qualifications of the voters are fixed, the power to regulate the time, place aud manner, committed to the Legisla ture; and in such States the reception of votes out of the State may be con stitutionally authorized." This doctrine of the Connecticut Court is sustained, substantially, by all the cases which have met my obser vation. It seems to me, also, the doc tiine of good sense. Taking these prin ciples as a guide, it will not be diffi cult, I think, to determine whether the Constitution of Michigan "has so fully and clearly prescribed the tioiei place and manner of holding elections, as to leave by implication no power in the Legislture to prescribe them, or either of them." It has certainly so prescribed the time. In section 34 of article 4, section 3 of article 5, and sec tion 1 of article 8, the Tuesday suc ceediugthe first Monday of November, in the year 1852, and of every second year thereafter, is established as the time of holding the general biennial election. And it is clear that every elecliou of State officers and members of the Legislature must be upon that lay, and no other, in spile of any leg islative enactment whatever. If the Constitution is equal explicit as to the place aud manner of holding the elections, then we may dismiss the discussion at once, and obey the pro hibition; but I am confident it will be louud otherwise. That instrument has no where re quired that the election shall be held in any particular place or number of places, nor in any particular manner. No election districts are established or it quired to be established, nor are any rules prescribed for the form or extent of Men districts. They may be formed of entire counties if the Legislature bo choose, unless the requirement that Senators and llepresentives shall be elected by singe districts affects the question. Neither is the manner of holding the election prescribed, eicepv that the vote shall be by ballot. All these things have been left to the Leg islature, unless the concluding w ords ot section 1, article V, should be held to provide otherwise. This erticle is headed "Elections " and deals entirely with the qualifications and privileges of electors, except that in the second section the vote is required to be given !y ballot, "except for such township officers as m iy be authorized by law to he otherwise chosen." The words of section l, referred to, are as follows: "But no citizen or inhabitant shall be an lector, or entitled to vote at any elec tion, unless he shall be above the age of twenty one years, aud has resided in in the S'ate three months, and in the township or ward in which ho offers to vote ten days nezt preceedinga such election." These are fit words tu establish the quaifications of voters, but not to control the Legislature as to the places where polls of election shall be established and votes offered and received. They speak directly as to age and residence, and only to those qualifications. All else is incidental and explanatory. The elector must be twenty-one years of age, and. he must have had a residence in some place, or a number of places in the State, of three months, and m some particular township or ward ten days next preceding the election at which he offers to vote. Can any greater fope be fairly given this to clause than that ? If it was intended to forbid the Legis lature from authorizing the reception of a vote in any other place than in the town or ward where the elector resided, it is not conceivable that it should have been left by the convent ion to a merely casual expression, which does not directly either command or forbid anything. The words, no doubt, pre-stippose that the offer to vote will be made in the township or ward in which the elector resides ; bnt they