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THE DONALDSONVILLE CHIEF. AN IN.TDEPENDENT, FWIDE-AWAN E HOME INEWSPAPER.-S-uJSOR9,IPTON PR.IOE, TWO DOLaLARS A Y.A VOLUME XIV. DONALDSONVILLE, LOUISIANA, SATURDAY, AUGUST 15, 1885. NUMBER 50. .e Q Dopaldsofville C1lief Amicus Huniani )tenoris. A Wide-Awake Home Newspaper Published Every Saturday Morning at Donaldsonville, Ascension Parish, La., -BY 'L. E. BENTLEY, Editor and Proprietlr. TXERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One copy, ono year .... ......... $2 00 ie copy. six months ............. . 1 25 ti copies, one year,..:................10 00 welve copies, one year................18 00 Payable in advance. ADVERTISING RATES: sPAEo. 1 mo. lmons lmo. moe. 1 year S- I-----I-- - - Ono inch...... $ 800 00 650$11 00 $1500 ITwo inches.... 5 60 8 00 9 50 15 50 2 001 'three inches.. 7 00 11 1250 1900 25 00 Four inches... 8 50 14 00 15 00 23 00| 8 00 Fiveinoh ee....1000 18 00 17 00 1 U2 3 00 Six inches..... 11 50 18 00 1900 30 0 4U 00 Soven inches... 1 50 20 00 21 00 88 00 44 00 Eight inchbes... 15 00 22 24 00 86 00 48 00 % column .... 20 00 30 ( 5 00 45 (10 00 ( column...... 00 40 00 45 00 55 00 75 00 I column....... 40 00 50 00 500 05 I00100 00) Transient advertisements. $1 per square h.'it insertion; each subsequent insertion, 75 cents per square. Official or legal advertisements, $1 per square firat insertion; each subsequent inseortion, 50 cents per squreto. Editorial notices, first insertion, 15 cents per line; subsequently, 10 cents per line. Cards of six lines or less in lBusinese Direct ory. $5 per annum. llrieftoommunications upon subjects of public interest solicited. No attention paid to anonymous letters. The editor is not responsible for the views of correspondents. Address: TaH CUrsr, Donaldsonville. La. NEW ORLEANS ADVERTISEMENTS. Dr. P. J. Friedrilhs, Successor to Dr. W. 8. Ohandler, 153............. (srondelet street.............158 New Orleans. WM. REED MILLS, AWWOLNLTr A' LAW, No. 8 St. Charles Street, New Orlenna, La. Pretiaoe in all the Courts of Louisiana. 8tate "nd Fediaral. orget's Restaurant, No. 107 Castoat.nuse street, between Royal and Bourbon. NEW ORLEANS, LA. Meals at All Hours. liooms and osard by the Day, Week or Month at Moderate Prices. E. J. HART & CO., Wholesale Dealers Importe' and Commission . Heiýants, " ROCERIES and DRUGS, 29, 75.77 and 79 Tchouy.itoulas Street, IEW OILE.AI T NS. Kursheedt & Bienvenu. MONTU3LENT2, TOMBS and HKAADSTOIvTE5. -ALL KINDS OF MA R BL E WOR AK -A N D CEMETERY RAILINCS Nos. 114,120, 122, Camp St., NE1WV OIRLEANS. PROFESSIONAL CARDS, ETO. I tL W. W. McGALLIA RD. OFFICE: Corner Houmas and Iborville streets. IDonsaldwonsville, lsa. JI . IANSlON, M. D. OFFIOE: Corner Houmas and Iherville streets, near C. Kline's store, UIonaldaonvillle, Ian. DR. J. L. RICHAIRII), OFFICE AND RESIDENOE. Leseard street. between ihbrvillo and Attaka paes streets. DIomaldsouville , La. JJ. LECIHE, DR) It UGI1ST, Corner Chetimaches and Mississippi streets. Donaldsonville, La. A complete stock of pure chemicals always on hand. Prescriptions carefully compiled at all hours, day and night. H McCULLOH, Attorney at Law and Notary Public, Oflice and lhsidence, corner Attakapas street and Railroad Avenue. DonaldsoonvilIe, Ia. Practices in all the Courts of Louisiana. both State and Federal. Address, P. O. Lock box 8. IRAS. A. HIAQUUIE. ATTORIN3Z AT LAW, l1aiahnville, ia. Practices in the Twenty-Second and Twenty Sixth Judicial Districts, comprising the parish es of Jefferson. St. Charloes. St. John, St. James and Ascension, and before the Federal and Supreme Courts in Now Orleans. Special attention paid to the collection of commercial claims. Address: Ilahuville ol. O.. St. ('harles. Lac. IR. I. PALMER. DRESSMAKER, Railroad Avenue, near t'laiHorne strest. Donaldsonville. Plain and fancy sewing of all kinds done in best st3le and on reasonable terms. A trial solicited and satisfaction guaranteed. HUBERT TREILLE, OOL.LECTO., Canvasser g General Agent, For Ascension, Assumption and adjacent parishes, Donaldsonrille, La. ALL collections and other buim:es. proi:pt:ly attended to at reasoniable percentnhie. For character and relialnlity r",fers to VMe-srs. ('h:i. A. Maurin. Capt. RI. P, Landrr and t'lrist: an. K!ine of Ascension: P. E. Duar:al. Abram Klotz and S. J. ]llancha:rd of Assi.ti:tioe: Ad.olph Mounch and ()Oscar Lnuve of lbervill.,; J. J ('apdievillo and Antoine Sanchez of ?i.ton DONALDSONVILLE BUSINESS DIRECTORY. DRY GOODS, GROCERIES, Etc. M . ISRAEL & CO., dealers in Dry Goods, " Clothing, Toots, Shoes, Saddlery, Bug gies; etc., corner issiiesippi and Lessard streets. C KLINE. corner Crescent Place and Ho- Sma street, dealer in Dry Goods, Notions, Boots and Shoes, Groceries, Provisions, Corn. Oats and Bran. BERNAILD LEMANN & BROTHER. dealers in Western Produce, fancy andstapnlef ro ceries, Liquors, Hardware, Iron, Paints, Oils, Carts. Plows, Saddlery. Stoves and Tinware. Furniture, Crockery, Wall Paper and House Furnishin Goodse Mississippi street, corner Crescent Place. T08. GONDRAN & SONS, dealers in Dry 5 Goods, Clothing, Notions Hats. G(rocerios, Wine. Liquors. Boots, Shoes, Ihardware, Paintis Oils. Saddlery Crockery, Furniture and all kinds of House Furnishing Goods. Blue Store., Mississippi street. W D. PARK, denier in Staple and Fancy SG(roceries. Provisions, Plantation and Stenmboat Supplies, Canned Goodes. Wines, Liquors. Bottled Beer, Ale, etc., Dry Goods and Notions. corner of Mississippi and Choti maches streets, opposite River Ferry. lOTl( ELS AND IhOARDING-iOUlSES. ROBERT E. LEE HOTEL. Crescent Place, oppoiito the steamb|,oat landing, the most convenient location in town. First-class ac nomniodatiens at reasonable rates Elegant bar, billiard and pool room attached. J. J. Ln fargue, Proprietor. PEEP-O'-DAY HOTEL AND BARlK)OM, Mississippi street. First-rate accommo dation and reasonable prices. Finest Wines, Liquors and Cigars. A. J. Bethancourt, Pro prietor; Sam Ayraud, Manager. CITY HOTEL, P. Leferre, Proprietor, Rail road Avenue. corner Ibervillo street. liar supplied with best Liquors. LIQUOR AND BILLIARD SALOONS. THE PLACE. Gus. Israel, manager. Corner Lessard and Mississippi streets. Billiards, Lager Beer. Best Wines and Liqubrs,. Fine Ciars, etc. .IEWSDEALER AND STATIONER. S . INGMAN, successor to W. G. Wilkinson. * corner Mississippi and Lessard streets, di agonally opposite the Iost-oflico. News and il lustrated pap ers. Books, Stationery. Pens, Ink. Base Ball Supplies, Toys. Sn'okini' Material and Fancy Articles in groat variety. TINSMITII. PAUL WUTKE, Tinesmith, Port Barrow, La. Rooting, guttering, stovepiping, repairing cnd all work portaining to the tinner's trade. t(Idrese P. O. Box 14, Donaldsonville. Ie. BARBER SHOPS. OGGE & LANGBECKEI, City Barber Shop, IS Mississippi street, adjoining Peep-o'-Day HIotel. Shaving, Shampomning, Hair-cutting, Dyeing of Hair or Whiskers, etc., in the beet style, at popular prices. Iespeetfully solicit the patronage of the public. ATTOIRNICIS AT LAW. 'REDERICK DUFFEL. Attorney at law and Notary Public, office on Chotimaches street opposite the Court-House. PAUL LECIIE, Attorney at Law and Notary Public, Donaldsonville. Office: on block below the Court-House, on Attakapas street. HOt48E AND SIGN PAINTINO. INGLIY TEE PAINTERJ, shop at Cheap T Tony's Morea, corner Mississippi street and Railroad Avenue. House, Sign and Ornamental Painting in all their branches. Best work at lowest prices. SUNDIERTAKER. QCHONBEIIG'S Undertaker's Establishment, Il Railroal Avenue, between Iberville and At takapas streets. All kinds of burial cases, from the pine coffin to the metalic or rosewood cae .Yet. DRUGS AND MEDICINES. SRYBISKI. Anothecary and Druggist, Mis B sisaippi street, between Bt. Patrick and St. Vincent streets. adjoining Gondran's store. MILLINERT. '1) . L ..aLUM. b. Miliner. Mississipp i street, DL bet wcea Lessard and St. Patrick. Latest styles of Blknets. Hats, French Flowers. etc.; also. all kinoiq of lIadies Underware. SODA WAT"FR ~IANUrFACTORY. SODA WATER~ MANi!A(CTORY, H. Hothor, proprietor. No. 11 Miselesipp1 street. Soda, Mineral, Seltzer and all kin&a, of noerated waters manufactured and sold at loweOb, pricess BLACKSMITHS & VWHEELW1.TGHTS. S1 P. ' SCHULEIl Blacksmith. Whoelwrinht. SHIorse-Shoor. Carriage. Wagon and Ct.rt numaker and repairor, Railroad Avenue, between Mississippi and Iberville streets. ---- - -- ---- ----- ----- --- - -- COFEESAND COFFEE STAND. FAVORITE COFFEE AND EATING STAND. lower end of Donaldsonvillo Market-house, Albert Gossett. proprietor: Hot Coffoo. Lunch, C'kes, Pies, i, etc.. at all hours. A lunch for 10 cents, a geosd meal for 15, a regular gorge for 25. CIVIL ENGiNEER AND SURVEYOR. M W. DAIITON, Civil Engineer and Sur Sveyor-Parkah Surveyor o~ Ascension. Will attend promptly to work in all branches of his profession, such as surveying, mapping. leveling for canals, bridges. rice flumes, estima ting cost and supervising construction of same. BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE. TH E CIIlEF Office, Crescent Place, opposite the Market-Iouse, is supplied with a tine assortment of type and turns out all kinds of plain and fancy job work in best style at New Orleans prices. No better and cheaper work is done anywhere in the State. JOHN I'. FORCHA-A. Cistern Maker, Railroad Avenue, opposite the Post-office IDonaldesonville. Ila. All, work guaranteed and satisfaction war ranted. Prices lower than the lowest. PROSPECTUS OF .t inct 5 y riu g c~eeI FOR YOUNG LADIES, tNDEii THE DIIRETION OF THE SISTERS OF CIIAltITY, I)DONA I)SONVILLE, LA. Academic Year D)ivlded into two Sessious, Cosumenlcing 1st of March avnd October. Terms, Payable in Advance. Board, Tuition. lked nod Bedding, per annum. ........................... $150 t0 Or, er ion............ ....... ... 75 00 French tuition per month............. . 2 0 Music at Professor's prico. Tapestry, paint ing. etc.. extra charges. Plarents wishing the Institution to furnish clothing or stationery. are requested to deposit a sum sufficient in the hands of the Directress or Treasurer. AAA f nA in presents given away. Send , i11 |11|111 us 5 ents ;ptagte, and by 9L||ý 1||° 311mail you will got free a rack .i 9 age of godeL uf iarge valne. that will start y,, ii work that will at once bring you in money fi. tor than anything elsu in Am.urica. .1i ai-ut it - . in a r`'i.' with t'e1 !:,. A-e::·n war. -vry..r. of either sex. ofI all ane,, for all t i, t . or spiat e time 11i5. t .,tlrk for n- ar their ,wn himes. Fi'orttunes fr dl wr;r-rs aih.: lute.y assulrrl. Don't delaty. HI. tLLETT & Co.. Portlaud. Me. Written for the CaHIW. HIS QUESTION. BY BUTS BAMAY. Look into my eyes and answer, love. 'Tis sears since I asked for your heart, A woman stands where a child once stood, And now once again we must part. For a week, or for years, shy sweetheart, It is left for you to decide; Do you love me as well now. darling, As the day that you gave me a bride? No answerl Look up, do not tremble. And tell me your heart has been true, 'Tie too Into for us to dissemble, If I lose you, my life is lost too. You aunot mean " Go; " swooeethend drooping, So l o if you wish you are freo; Ah! darling, why should you be weeping, Are all these bright tear-drops for moe? Mine and mine only forever! Nay. dear, don't my cruelty chide; My heart has been always as faithful As now. love, with you at my side. TIHE NAME UPON THE WINDOW . PANE. In the old Scottish inn we met, A motley group from every land, Scholar and artist, peer and prioes, And many a travelor brown and tanned. All pilgrims waiting for an hour, C(hatting in idle courtesy. And yet amid the drifting talk A little message came to me. It happened thus: a restless boy Unto the dripping window went, Whose glass, scarred with a thousand names, Ilis mind to the stnme fancy bent. He sought and found a vacant spot, And took the diamond from his hand. But ore a letter had boon formed ..A voice accustomed to command Cried," Philip, stop: before you write. Consider well what you're about." "Father, why should 1 hesitate? " " Because you can not rub It out." The words fell on my idle ears, 1 said them o'er anid o'er again, And asked myself, Oh, who woultI choose All they havo written to remain? Unto a loving mnother oft We nill have sent, without a doubt. Full many a hard amil careless word That now we never can rub out; For cruel words cut deeper far Than diamond on the window-pane, And oft recalled in after-years They wound her o'er and o'er again. So in our daily work and life We write and do and say the thing We never can undo nor stay With any future sorrowing. We carve ourselvos on heating hearts. Ahl then, how wise to pause and doubt. To blend with love and thought our words, Because we can not rub them out! --Harper's beekly. NEW YORK FASHIONS. AT aUMMUR EE5ORTB-THE OBANT FAMILY MOUBNING OUTFIT. The typical tennis costume is of fine, light-weight wool, cream white or pale col ored, with tennis scarf three yards long of soft India satin, embroidered in some char acteristic design; tie to match, and rough straw hat trimmed with a handkerchief or scarf in keeping; while next in esteem come fine striped or dotted flannel suits. Styles of making are simple; kilt plaits are in high fever, mad-den-du showlkg plaits with short overskirt in front and longer at the back is not inappropriate. Blouse waist. A prettily touched-up canvas dress is pic turesque enough on a summer lawn, but does not guard against chill as well as flan nel. But any skirt will answer, with addi tion of a blouse flannel waist, and in view of the demand, they are shown ready made both for ladies and children. TPE REFLECTING SOoUL on a hotel piazza of a morning, when tired of speculating on the horizontal extent of bustles, can soliloquize regarding wrappers. Mofher Hubbards flourish, yet for the piaz za it is better to belt at the back by a sash ribbon with ends flowing at the side. In no case, however, so indisputably proper as the wrapper of princesse shape with Wat teau plait extending all the way at the back, and loose in front or partly fitted all around. As to material, we see nearly everything, according as the thermome ter goes down or up. Flannels, light wool, silk, muslin, mull, or all over embroidery, one in this last style made prficesso shape, having been worn lately by a member of Jay {iould's family. SASH WAISTS are among the prettiest of summer ideas. A broad snsh ribbon, sometimes in gay Ro man colors, or, a.'tin, in dark stripes, is made into a waist and worn with a skirt of some other, but, of coirse, harmonizing material. Lace skirts, :i.ber black or white, are peculiarly adapted to these co quettish bodices, because lace sleeveS fre quently replace those of silk, and $tfrs there is a pretty uniformity with the ad vantage of showing a rounded arm. A youth ful member of Cyrus Field's family re cently appeared in a charming outfit com posed of a Roman sash ribbon waist with black lace sleeves and skirt. Roman sash to match. Her cousin wore a blue striped sash waist with white lace skirt and sleeves. Heart shaped necks are often seen this sea son, and both waists were made in this style. TIE MOURNINO OUTFIT for the Grant family, as furnished by Lord & Taylor, has established the prestige of clarrette, a kind of nun's veiling, as a lead ing summer fabric in this kind of wear. Each lady member ordered one, including the widow, whose dress was finished by crape fans let in between long drapery. A second dress was of crepe de chine covered with crape; a third, nun's veiling with long, half fitting sacque, heavily trimmed with crape. Mrs. Fred. Grant's dress of clar rette has the skirt made in cluster plants and full drapery; Mrs. Jesse Grant, clar rette, with skirt of wide tucks and paniers; Mrs. Sartoris, clarrette dress with wide tucks and drapery trimmed with crape. The little granddaughter, plain white tucked dresses with black sashes; the little four year-old boy, a black camel's hair dress; one five years of age, a full jersey suit with cap and sash. LUCY CARTER. The extent to which animals appreciate color is an interesting but unsolved prob lem. It is being investigated by J. Graber, who has experimented upon five mammals, seven birds, two reptiles, three amphibians, two fishes, three mollusca, twenty-seven insects, two spiders and two worms. He has found that the scne of color, as well as the power of perceiving light, is much more widely distributed among animals than has been supposed. although the varia tions in tl.. sens:. of color and brightness in animals are great. Rev. John P. Newman, D. D. The Cherished Friend and Compan ion of Gen. Grant. The interesting announcement was made that at the funeral services over the remains of General Grant at Mount McGregor the Rev. Dr. Newman, his long-time friend and pastor, would give to the world what it could get in no other way, " a full, com plete, absolute proof of General Grant's Christian character." Dr. Newman also of ficiated at the fnal ceremonies of inter ment, in fulfllment of Gen.. Grant's ex press desire. So recently as April 2, when the sufferer's death was momentarily ex pected, Dr. Newan baptized (len. Grant. Additional to his prominence before the world as the friend who continued near the hero during the last weeks of his life, the clergyman whose portrait we give at the head of this article is distinguished for learning and eloquence, and has long filled a conspicuous place in the public view. He was born in the State of New York in 1826, and is consequently 59 years old. After being educated at Cazenovia oSemi nary he entered the ministry of the Meth odist Episcopal church. His remarkable talent as a speaker and writer soon at tracted attention. At first he was a mem ber of the Troy conference, but a sermon preached at the dedication of the Han son Place Church, in Brooklyn, about twen ty-one years ago, on the Resurrection, led to his being called to one of the richest churches in that city. After filling several good appointments he was stationed at the Metropolitan Methodist Episcopal Church of Washington. It was here that the warm friendship between him and General Grant began, which continued to the end of the great soldier's life. r rom seaw to se Dr. newman was cap lain of the United States Senate. Later President Grant made him Inspector of (onmslates-am eals ereated fbe tim-4 pose. In this eapacitity he spent two years abroad, extending his trip through Pales tine. When he returned he was placed on the superannuated list at his own request, but on the resignation of Dr. Davis of the Madison Avenue Congregational Church, New York, acoepted the pastorate. This connection was severed after a violent and protracted church quarrel. The party ad verse to the employment of a Methodist minister as pastor of a Congregational church finally succeeded in bringing alunt Dr. Newman's resignation. During a con siderable part of the time during which the quarrel lasted Dr. Noewman was away in California, where, in a Protestant Episco pal church at San Francisco, he delivered a eulogy on Leland Sthnford, the deceased son of ex-Governor Stanford, for which he is said to haveo received the sum of $10,000 from the boy's father. Since his return East Dr. Newman has preached often in Methodist pulpits. It is understood that he will shortly be given a pastorate in one of the Methodist Episcopal conferences. On Mount Torlesse, in New Zealand, grows a singular plant, specimens of which are known Lus "vegetable shoep." The plant belongs to the cadweed tribe, and is described by a recent botanical explorer as growing on loose debris at an altitude of 4r00 to 6000 feet, and forming round or kidney-shaped patches, some of them as much as eight foot across and three feet high. They resemble immense cushions, in one species snow-white and in the other 'ilvery gray, and in both are formed of a deostnnass of leafy branches, so closely packed `ogothor that a chisel can not be easily thrust into the mass. The flowers are so small tl;at their parts can be seen distinctly only under the microscope. The peculiar shape and appearance of these plants led to their being occasionally mis taken for sheep by early settlers, and hence the name. From careful researches in Russia, Kow alewski has found that cereals grow faster in the north than in the south. For in stance, oats and spring wheat take 123 days and barley 110 days to ripen abotut the southern province of Kherson, and only 98, 88 and 98 days at Arkhangelsk in the north. The intermediate regions show interme diate differences. The cause is the greater length of the daily exposure to sunlight in the high latitudes, which more than com pensates for the difference in temperature in favor of the southern regions. In each latidudo the growth of cereals is more rap id in the eastern parts of Russia than in the western, the land near the coast having less sunshine than that in the continent's interior. Since 1r;77 Delaunay of Paris has made several predictions of earthquake seasons, and his prophecies have unfortunately all come true. He now predicts very severe volcanic disturbances for 1886, to occur at a time when the attractive influence of the other members of the solar system is most strongly felt upon our planet, or, rather, when that influence is most unevenly dis tributed during a near approach of the great attractive bodies. According to Prof. J. G. Galle, five com ets were known to make their perihelion passage in 1880, eight in 1881, three in 1882, two in 1SS3 and three in 1884. Written for the CrIEP. VItw OF THE HISTORY OF IN DIA AND HINDOOSTAN. India or IHindoostan and the rapid strides that England and Russia are making for possesion of Afghanistan, the key to Brit ish India, having largely engaged the at tention of Europe, and, in fact, of the en tire civilized world, it may interest the readers of the CzrEF to give a view of the history of that remote region of the globe, which contains x00,000 square miles of ter ritory. The earliest accounts of this great tract of civilized country are those of Horodotus, who lived about a century before Alexander the groat; and it is remarkable that the character given of the people by that early writer corresponds perfectly with that of the modern HIindoos. He had probably taken his accounts from Scylax of Carian. dria, whom Darius Hystaspcs had sent to explore the country. But till the ago of Alexander the Greeks had no particular knowledge of that extraordinary people. Alexander penetrated into the Panjah, where, his troops refusing to proceed, he embarked on the Hydaspas, which runs into the Indus, and thence pursued his course for above 1000 miles to the ocean. The nar rative given by Arrian of this was taken from the valuable accounts of Alexander's officers, and its particulars agree yet more remarkably than those of Herodotus with the modern manners of the Hindoos. India was visited by Seolecus, to whom it fell in the partition of Alexander's empire; and Antiochus the great 200 years after wards made a short expedition thither. It is probable too that some small intercourse subsisted between the Greek empire of Bac triana and India, but till the fifteenth cen. tvry no European power thought of form ipg any establishment in that -country. F'rom the age of Alexander down to the period of the Portugese discoveries there had constantly been some commercial in tereouse between Europe and India, both by sea and across the desert. The Mahom etans, as early as A. D., 1000, had begun to establish an empire in India. Mahmoud, a 'Tartar, conquered a groeat part of the country and established his capital at Ghazna, near the sources of the Indus, ex tirpating the Hindoo religion wherever he came, and establishing the Mahometan in its stead. Mohammed Gori, in 1194, pene trated to Benares, and one of his success ors fxed the seat of his empire at Delhi, which continued to be the capital of the Mogul princes. The sovereignty founded by Mahmoud waf overthrown in 1222 by Gengisean, as was his empire in the following centary by Tamerlane, whose posterity are at this day on the throne of the Mogul empire. The Mogul empire was, even in the be ginning of the eighteenth century, the u s es t- esst 'ausunules. The Emperor Aurengzebe, the son of Schab (ean, though a monster of cruelty and a most despotic tyrant, enjoyed a life pro longed to a hundred years, crowned with uninterrupted prosperity and success. He extended his empire over the whole poenin sula of India in the Ganges. The dominion of the Mogul is not absolute over all the countries which compose his empire. Tam erlane allowed the petty princes, rajahs or nabobs to retain their territories, of which their descendants are at this day in possession. They pay tribute to the great Mogul as an acknowledgment of his sover eignty, and observe the treaties agreed by their ancestors, but they are in other re spects independent princes. Bengal be came a part of the Mogul's empire by con quest in the end of the sixteenth century, and was commonly governed by a son of the great Mogul, who had under him sev eral inferior nabobs, the former princes of the country. Such was its. condition when the British East India Company, between 1751 and 1760, conquered and obtained pos session of that kingdom, together with BIhar and part of Orissa, a large, popn. Ions and most flourishing country, contain ing above 20,000,000 of inhabitants and producing an immense revenue, and those territories have since that period received a considerable addition. The East India Company has the benefit of the whole com merce of the Mogul empire, with Arabia, Persia and Thibet, as well as with the kingdoms of Azem, Aracan, Pequ, Siam, Malacca, China and many of the Oriental Islands. The fixed establishments of the British in thes country of Indostan have af forded opportunity of obtaining much in structive knowledge relative to the ancient state of that country, of which we shall give a short sketch. ANCIENT STATE OF INDIA--MANNERB, LAWS, AITS, SCIENCES AND RELIGION OF TIIE HINDOOS. The remains of the ancient knowledge of the Hindoos have been preserved by a hereditary priesthood in the Sanscrit lan guage, long since extinct and only known to a few of the Brahmins. The zeal of some learned European has lately opened that source of information whence we derive the most interesting particulars of this ex traordinary people, perhaps the first culti vators of the sciences and the instructors of all the nations of antiquity. We shall briefly notice their singular division into castes, their civil policy, law, progress in the arts and sciences and religion. The whole body of the people was divi ded into four orders or castes. The highest caste, that of the Brahmins, was devoted to religion and the cultivation of the sciences; to the second belonged the preservation of the State-they were its sovereigns and its magistrates in peace and its soldiers in war; the third were the husbandmlen and merchants, and the fourth the artisans, la borers and servants. These are insepar able distinctions and descend from genera tion to generation. Moreover, the individ uals of each class follow invariably the pro fessions of their forefathers. Every man from his birth knows the functions allotted to him and fulfils with ease and satisfec tion the duty which he can not avoid. Hence arises that permanence of manners and institutions which so singularly char acterizes this ancient nation. This classifi cation is an artificial arrangerent which could have originated only from mind of a legislator among a polish.--ople, completely obedient to government. It is therefore a proof of the highly civilized state of the Hindoo nation in the most remote periods of antiquity. The civil policy of the Hindoos is another proof of their ancient civilization. At the time of Alexander the great India was divi ded into large and powerful kingdoms, governed by sovereigns whose dominion was not absolute, but controlled by the superior authority of the Brahmins. A sys tem of feudalism has ever prevailed in In dia. The rights to land flow from the Sov ereign, to whom a certain duty is payable by the class of the husbandmon who trans mit their possessions to their children un der the some tenure. Strabo and Diodorus remarked three classes of officers among the Indians: One class whose department was the regulation of agriculture, tanks, high ways; another which superintended the the police of the cities; a third which regu lated the military department. The same policy prevails at this day under the IIin doo princes. The jurisprudence of Hindoo stan is an additional proof of the great an tiquity and civilization of Hindoostan. The Ayen-Akbery, and'still more the com pilation of Hindoo laws from the ancient Sanscrit records, made by order of Mr. Hastings, contain the jurisprudenee of a re fined and commercial people, among whom law had been a study and profession. Many monuments exist in India of the advanced state of useful and elegant arts in the remotest periods of antiquity. The ancient pagodas, of vast extent and mag nificence, whether cut in solid rook, as in Elephanta and Salsette, or in the open air, as at Chilambrum and Beringham; the sumptuous residences of the Brahmins and the ancient hill fortresses, constructed with prodigious solidity, evince a great advance-' ment in the arts. The resort of the most polished nations of antiquity to India for cotton clothes, fine linen and work in metal and 'ivory proves these manufactures to have been superior to all known at that time in Europe. The late translations from the Sanscrit of spveral ingenious compositions of high an tiquity, as the dramatic piece Sacontala, the Hitopadesa, a series of moral apolo- gies and fables, the Mahabarat, an epic poem composed about 2000 years before the Christian era, all concur in proof of simi lar advancement in literature. We have reason to believe, from such works as are of a philosophical nature, that there is scarcely a tenet of the Greek philosophy which has not been antecedently the sub ject of discussion among the Brabmins of India. The numerical ciphers first introduced into Europe by the Arabians were, ds those' authers confees, borrowed from the Indians. Above a century and a half ago the French' mathematiolanp :ambanstted by the evi dee ý orrljail l iptMi i gr tables for calculating the places of heav enly bodies, the astonishing advancement made by these ancient people in the science of astronomy. A set of astronomical ta bles obtained from the Brahmins in 1836 by M. (entil, goes back to an era termed Calyougham, commencing 3102 years be-' fore the Christian era. Those tables are used by modern Brahmins, who are quite ignorant of the principles on which they. have been constructed. M. Bailly has proved that they are the same as those em ployed by the moderns, with which the Greeks and Chaldoans were utterly un acquainted. Lastly, from the religious opinions and worship of the Hindoos we must draw the same conclusions as from all preceding facts. One uniform system of superstition pervades every religion in India, which is supported by the most sagacious policy and by everything that can excite the venera tion of its votaries. The Brahmins, elevated above every class of men and exclusively acquainted with the mysteries of that relig ion which it is held impious for any other class to attempt to penetrate; the implicit reliance on the authority of these Brahmins; the ceremonies of their worship, adapted to impress the imagination and affect the passions, all concurred to fortify this po tent superstition, and to give its priests a supreme ascendency over the minds of the people. But those priests, enlightened as they were, rejected that false theology. Their writings demonstrate that they en tertained rational and elevated conceptions with regard to the Supreme Being and the support of the universe. On the whole, there is a high probability that India was the great school from which the most early polished nations of Europe derived their knowledge of arts, sciences and literature. The celebrdtedl Aurungzebe, who oag-_ pied the throne of Delhi at the co , ment of the eighto'enth centuryr,,.t.. -0 the year 1707. In hint ti sp' of the great Trimur, from whom he was the eleventh in descent, seemed to revive. He was brave, but cruel. He attained a great ago, being nearly a hundred years old when he died, having succeeded in rendering almost the whole of the peninsula subject to his sway, from the tenth to the thirty-fifth degree of latitude and nearly as much of longitude. C. [To be continued.] By a remarkable process, now being ex hibited in London, the Brin brothers, French chemists, claim to be able to cheap ly obtain oxygen from the atmosphere in unlimited quantities. The air is first freed from its moisture and carbolic acid by quicklime, reducing it to a mixture of ox ygen and nitrogen. These gases are then passed through an artificial lung of anhy drous oxide of barium, which at a temper ature of iO0U degrees absorb:, the oxygen, while the nitrogen is drawn off to a g'seom etor for conversion into ammonia, etc. This use of baryta is not new. but the salt is for the first time made indestructible and capable of performing its work for an indef inite period. It is claimed that this cheapenen method of obtaining oxygen and the sec ordary nitrogenous products must effect an absolute revolution in cheumieitry. Brgitth's Bile Bear,. restore the appetite, pre vent hiliousness and dyspepsia, strengthen the syete'?: ant purify the bh!o !. One :,cia is a duoc. Th:zre are tw'nty doses mn.a b:,ttir. .old by druggists at 2 . ceŽ:t per bottla, OUR WASHINGTON LETTER. Refornsdng Abuses in the Indian Tei. tory-A Notable Letter-Secretsry Whit ney's Now ilouse-Milltary DeI.-thllag Ordered on Duty-TheSoeaso of Pollege and Nlowers. WAsniraoro, D.C., AS. IL 1895. EDITOR CHIEF: The Presidont has commenced well in reforming the atuaes in the Indian Terri tory by ordering the cattle to be removed from lensed lands. There is a still greater abuse to be corrocted. "In the Southern Ute country of Colorado," says a gentle man who has recently omee in from that region, " there are four big English cattle companies owned entirely on the other side of the Atlantic. 'They have taken up a million acres of public land without the slighest pretense of having a lease or any thing else. They have thus assumed pos session of United States property in the shape of Government land without any right and fenced it in. They have driven out the other persons andi hired and armed the worst element to be found in all that section and directed those "guards," as they denominate them, to shoot at eight any Indian found trespassing. These-pe= ple came very nearly provoking an oun break among the Utes a few weeks ago by shooting and wounding a young Ifdian who did not know that these alien ae taken up so mach land. These do not own an aore, but on some one's e4aiq they have just taken possession of the sPqg mouns quantity of land mentioned witlbpt leave. How, long will the Preeidet-tpermtl this to continue?" The facts as aove stated are commended to the Presideat's attention. Any further information he aug desire can be had, upon inquiry, from the General in Chief of the United StatesArtlty. The President's departure for NOw York on the 4 o'clock train on Friday was the first occasion that ho had gone away froes Washin'gtoi in accordance with a definiely aunonnuod programme. He ha mon's lilk ing foregoipg about without .,pi 'ag nouncement. One reason is that he wishes to escape a crowd whenever he .i To-day he will be in Albany, add ti 1l days he will go to his forest retredt 'me date of his return here is def hitely Se4' b6 the 10th of September, exactly one ins"Sh from yesterday. President Cleveland's letter to the pe titioner who betrayed him in reoem~dnd ing an unfit person for office has attracted universal attention. It was ii•ig given to the public in the guiase of - nipati dispatch to the New York held. No Judge has been pointed in Ohio,' ad the letter was not wiittep to gu oey ;in Cincinnati. . The Judge who was. !was K. 5. Downe 9f Oregon, who wu 1 Disltrqi tudge for Alasieka sp'ic) correspondence. The laration i.itt-hepgaged n "n a ha t. hand fight with the element .of' bo parties" is the most emin mu pish remark that has come fr the inauguration. Secretary Whitney tells me son why he bought a residene city is that he finds great ing in Washington. He sas that ference between New Yor. adL ton is not so much ia the ing the day as at nighbt Hel.t repairs made upon the homss bought in the country, and ,Iil upon his return to du.y 'berqhe i~a hence. Secretary fudloott hms at JanS belgg to take positive action in iggae. to :.i matters which require a rdfoemtr86 : Yuri, as evidenced by his ordeo regairat Mitest every department commandir toa'udi away one or more members of - his sla@ to the regiment to which he belon~. The evil of long detached details had beesmgra - crying one in the service. iE-e.ametary Lincoln would have corrected it had :be been able to do all that he wished tW4 for 4he benefit of the Army, but President Ar thur was not disposed to insist on a high military spirit in the service. The nzat thing the Secretary should do is-to, ead away from Washington all ofllce not heads of bureaus or dopartment, wp.tve been here for more than four years, with, of course, one notable exception in the ease of Colonel Robert N. Scott, w has charge of the publication of the r of the re bellion. He should be a ad to remain and will be, to finish e important work' upon which he is ged. The foli to which adorn our cities e now in their greatest glory, t observant person can scarcely ass them without being conscious of a pleasurable emotion. To those who have cultivated a love for color, such a bed of blended dyes as is seen at the Thomas Cir cle is worth a long walk to witness. One feels better all day for the thrill of delight experienced. I wished yesterday morning, as I stopped to take it all in, that the shab by old employ6 of the city who beemun to guard the circle would not sit on the pedes; tal smoking his dudeen. Hle probably is not aware that he is not a beauty; in fact, he is incongruous, does not harmonize, as I may say, without umaning any offeuse to the worthy man. Yours truly," ALERT. The electric light has been applied to the firing of guns at night. Tronuv has de scribed to the l'ari; Academy of Sciences a button illuminated by a minute battery, by which the gunner is enabled to take aim: while another little :tiarato'- an in ctII:du:icen1 t lamn, with a suit;tble r:lector th!!o,,w ta heu.t of light upliu the olject to be fi, ,:d at. I.ran,,t a:e.<ue of U,~-ty. Kono pcpl rhr::,k from reaking piblic thl tw,:lla tt"y hLav" r, eivecl. whl: othdrs atre fr, t', t'-1 I' m.ro,idi for .u[ gioodH of fell,w mrtmi-. (f the i,:atut r ku'i ,, Mir. J. 1[. ('oppuck. ,,f M,1r.t [.hh.. N. J.. wiho writ:-. ""1 an, oneo of ...y w i giv, Ult:r che-rful apprecatinun of t:f t i -t; acy if ),ur vat:aldl., l ,.,ow I [ r I nt :ri-,. from at i.ini " of tduty. Timhttmrt i- : it mA'id. gicmind in our counti y. A priz" has kxin offered by the Anti To b tm-i.f'c, -,mity of France for the best essay o'm the ih.O :ity or ',ni lia;blity of ernotlats to culttr: ict c !:) ra.