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m'ille Times EiUT. MARCH 16. 1889, URTTERMS. : ClBiTIT COrBI, -.rrru distbkt.. Dt. i Monday Jsny tnJ JnT, 11 JUreil ami Oct .It. !. , Al'ril Slid Sot. April and Nor. Mar and Km. : mj na cHiSCIsr COURT. 1 . .rlTB DHTIC. 1 Monday Fe tad Sept Uss, Marca, October, Marrh, (kiobcr, March, Jiorember, April ui Oct. Mar, Jiorginber, 51 y, lembr, leember, Jnne, litwmbcr, JllD0, January, Jnns, January. gOT ESSIOHAL. uioi r. rin all- BGER PERCY, ORSEYS AT LAv, Granville. Miss. HELPS & SKINNER. ATTOKSEYS AT-LAAY, villi, Miss Lover First National Bank. uu now. Wm. Gnim. ;H, THOMAS & GRIFFIN, TTOESEYS AT LAW, i;bt Starling 4 Smith Co. Store , iheonlyAbstraot of Title t rtiof Wsshlngton county and th frureeoville. octi M. JAYNE, fTORNEY AT LAW. 'gbeehville, miss. ice over First National Hank. A. MONTGOMERY ATTORNEY AT LAW, loHKiMLK, Bolivar Co, Miss. ,W. TILFOItD, aiiei-OSlcioJiistice of Peace Days Second and Fourtli bdays, each mouth. a Lewis Uulldiug, Room No. 2 k Homa 9 a. m. to i p. m. SLaPItONK COMMUNICATION. . J. 1j. Young DENTIST, lean Residence in Greenville.) kinds of Pcntol work done, and the most approved plan, jffice qyer Fiuay' prti jr Storo.Tjjj (repuYlllo, Mjas. , T, PA VIS, IU3NTIHT. In VILLI, t i MJBS 11 (professionally Ilollvar, bun. ma snarkcy counties. iMttlrt In Lwli Building In. next to Jan M prod. G.l.lliwitt. H. T. Ittwirt. B,Sfewaft&Sons PEMTISTS, )enyille, . Mississippi fi iu surrounding country viel thelr homes when requested. fRRY K. JOHNSON. COIKTT KI'RVETOIt, VIL E IT GIN EE R. . ANp . t -W , J . M . J m xisinic m. gem flLLK ... MISS. D. FEIJSON, I Engineer and Surveyer. r iH N I i E! rj " 3 u the du b. y u-! GEN. S. D. LEE'S PAPERS. iun may cw rinurtju, aaa rsr -"isndsred mora acceptable I i I i'lanter. ardsn on th Farm. VOL. 21. GREENVILLE. n the subject we may gay: s garden should be near the was tnat tne 'mily cro haT ess to li ; snoum nave a soma If. !1 Ifft at the otIee of Kersneoii, p f (Jo. will receive prompt at- I PTTON FACTORS AND ommission Merchants, r'l advances made on Miss coutdfiii' hposala are "invited from own Mutations Jn tlii and nd for flrat Uiort- OOUlltlna roam ? RATES OF INTEREST. , Address f'20-"-! Joshua Skinker CHARLES HOTEL, 3 T"E A1IErtH PLIS. ! A. NEWMAN. Managcc. Greenville. Miss, lllnl r . . r; wirma respectfully in- niniprriol 'IVn.,ta -...1 4hA no Mi ft.am rtftt0 Kive LJ: ' iipirviloit to every depart ' lftC St. t'liarlp llnlnl and . .. - Pit rirst Class in .111 Kcsprcts. . "nRfnni.. . :n i . .i . .1 " iii lie jcriimiuimiui'ii OVEB THE STATE. We understand that about a doeu families from the portion of iLis coun ty and eastern Calhoun left our city this week for Utah. They are said to be recent converts to Moriuouum aud among them, if we are correctly in- formed, gome clever, good citizens. Chickasaw Messenger. Our triend Capt. Lewis was yester terday heard to boast of owuiug a pair of trousers ma le for him by no less a personage than Jno. Wanamaker, the new postmaster general. The trousers, added the captaiu. were gooii ones, and bear an houor to wit : a large and atrikiug patch visible to the vulvar gaze only when the wearer lay aside his coat Reveille. The Brookhaven Leader says Judge Chrisnian does his own marketing aud gardening, and Bishop Galloway cuts his own wood, aud then puffs them as more than ordinary human beings. We don't see that it is anything boast of particularly. We;would'it ourself, but for the fact that we cau make more money doiug something else, and like to help the poor by giving them such little jobs. What would become of the poor old crippled darkeys if every body did like Chnsmau aud Galloway. llrnndou Republican. Sheriff It. M llourdeaux returned from a visit to Jacksou this week where ho has been for the purpose of Interviewing Auditor Stone in a busi uess way. He informs a News repor ter that he bad less than two dozen do liuquelit tax sales on lauds, and that the tluaucial couditiou of Lauderdale was never better. The amount of privdego tuxes Iiave doubled during the past four years, aud the demand for special business prileges is coustautly increasing. Lau derdale county now rauks equally with the largest tax-payiugcouitt!es iu the State. .Meridian News. The Hoard of Supervisors reduced the salary of the County Health officer to $'26 per year. We guess the office will soon become vacant as $'.'5 M. D'. are rather scarce in this communi ty. Ou Tuesday laft lists of those delin quent for poll taxes wcro turned over to the respective J ust Ives of Peace who will Immediately proceed to euforce tlC law. The number In arrears is only 254 aud a great ninny of them have died or left the couutry. Those that remain iu the country will soon hear tho voice of the Constable, as warrants will be issued for those who escaped the Tax-Collector, who deserves much credit for roducing the delinquent poll list from $1020 Inst year to 'J54 this year. The report of dclitiqueut tax on prppiry has been reduced tq the small amount of $5. This is a good showing for our coiinty.-Woodvillo UcpubllpflUi A, force f about sixty mou are now at work qu tho New Orleaus, Natohcs and Fort Scott ltailroad, proceeding this way from the quarautluo ground. They have cleared tho way for n dis tance of about 400 yards, and the dig gers and spaders have rovercd some thing over a hundred yards, preparing tho way for tho mules and scrapers. Mr. Chns. llabbit, Jr., who is fore man of the work, informs us that from forty to fifty teams will bo put to work as soon as they can bo obtained, which wMl be to-dy or to-narrow, sd, that, tho ipco will bo increased as tho wqrfc; ppogressci", 'plio dillcnlty at present, is in obtuiniug scrapers, the city not being able to supply the demand lor such a urcat work! Some expert dynamiters aro expect ed to arriye this week to engage in the work of tearing away the hill sides to make way for the road-bed, which will curvo gracefully around )kU P,rcclpl: tous slopes for some distance tip stream before leaving tho river front. After passing the high bluffs at the sigual station, having ascended a considerable part of (ho elevation to be nindc, the road win leave, tnc r.ivei: anu procccq up the bayou, reaching tl(0 top uf tho hill, as we Imvo previously mentioned, aljout tho intersection of Canul ami Orccu street. Ilonuor. The modest hustler of the Enterprise made a premeditated attack upou tho merchauts of tho "metropolis" of the Delta, GrecoyUlc, i.t wcck, nut by reference to our advertising columns, it will be seen that ho made anything else but a 'water haul." Greeuville's live buMiiess men have a ki;a: k ot making visitors perfectly il lioiiic, nnd auolhcr thing very noticeable Is that every one you meet toll you that it is the best place on this gloue, alio, up H likes is timo to he tho largost. We caught tho inspiration" ou a throe days trip here, audit would not take a mlcrosoopic view to sec that the En terprise man was very nearly a Grcen villiou now him'tlf. Every one in this section know that Greenville hw a section of country backing it that cannot be surpassed, but the unanimity of purpose among her cltbeus has done a irrest deal toward her present aud future success. Grccuvillo lias the rnnltnl and enterprise to extend her tiade and she is doing it. Oil the ,nIr..,lctiou of tho Georgia V'flc rR'l- road, which will be, not later thu the 1st of Aprilnett, Oirocuvlllo will give merchants nnd planters ot mis socuou great iuducemeuts in the way of low freights and cheap goods.-Grecnwood Enterprise. nnd " best 6tylo nnd at reasonable WEST P01M. I What Is Needed ana How to Get II. We are permitted to make the f jl- : lowing extracts from a private letter written by a wide-awake geutleuian residing ia a Western State one who is thoroughly aexuainted with the ad vantages postesd by AVest I'oint.aud one wliom we hope soon to c:aim as a citien of our countv : Yes, the greatest benefit of the Georgia Pacific is to come. A link, as it is, In a great system, the Uichmoud Terminal, it will soon build up a local trade and also a through traffic When it gets advertised aud through traius established, then it will take on con tinental airs and business. Its Western connections will be good, both to the Northwest by way of tho Missouri Pacific, aud to the Southwest by the International aud Great Northern and Texas Pacific. As East and AVest roads are the pay ing ones, aud as the Richmond Termi nal is bound to be the great trans continental route of the South, so to be on it is to be In tiie world, aud to be at a coniietiug point is to be a part of the world, with all its advantages for beiug seen aud appreciated. AVest Point Is getting ready to invite manufactures, aud must not forget to say that she wishes, needs and works for them. A foundry and machine shop are pressing needs. They assist other enterprises- No community can do vithout a blacksmith shop, nor a towu without a fouudry or machine shop. They aro necessities. AVhy not take from -Dun" or "Brad street" n list of tho foundries aud maehiuo shops, aud seud them a special circular stating the wishes and needs of West Poiut ? Among a hundred, some would lie fuuud who desire to change location ; among live hundred, . some who would do it. AddressiujDlj foiiudrymcu and machinists living ontoo such railroads iu the North as the IlliJne nois Central, Mobilo aud Ohio, Lonlfhad ville and Nashville, and roads in diro'ett', connection, so that a plant could i,TeSi shipped cheaply aud promptly, woi, etc., more likely meet with a response, t them. The cost of living iu AVest Polntook." it rounded by a superior agricu"6 yur region, will always be less than ',ro Bn" miiigham, and the cost ot nianu ing thereby losseued. Iron, coiwberrles. and charcoal cau bo laid down should Point at low rates. j, j,, to The small manufactures amanure is profitable than that of pig aulckerwlll iron. AViud mills, feed mills, mtheastrn exposure; and thai THE R be a light loam and naturally mined. The location beig a ig and important point, tha Xhe two requisites of soil and drain. uVisnr' "ol rlBnl "J natural coouuiou.. r be made so br artificial means. uPou underdraining. If too wet, and not uuispplication of woods' mold or to see It too stiff. No trouble in cult other sr production will follow after a teresteurBO" obtained. Second, tha for the ' k garden-plat should a parallelogram, with sides seeing j times longer than the eujs; a seetiouway through the center length also de will be useful in aauling In and ofourping manure on either side for some fnient spreading; tha planting in tiiecu,tivatloa in louK raw parallel te roadway may be dona by light rouglorse plows and other implements, being i.t one third of the ground at one nature may be devoted to grapes and conibin fruits, and when thesa need cul fouud i my e given by planting be- the row light crop, such aa or peas. Irish potatoes Year at aoansi T 1 I niiuiu un the paceSi wllh their cuitur, fact that luring, would bo beneficial to iron trade and shrubs. Third, a neat many furn;(antial Inclosure will be in reasou of t,8- Southern Planter. with the pr made iu th These tru Foot Evil and matisnv Joint Rheu. In. There ng a good i i,., tn the Carpenter Joiner New York is now the Uu, mahogany market iu the w.-M. nt-ns an.1 tki n.uM.ial.li J llalVlTO 1111 1. A VtllVI Hint IV. HUIC . . i. ,T to supply stoves, or any specialty, cau b,roteot tne to fill up the tiniQ, witl) ropairijM damage aro prolltablo. a, but If it A'faetory (fmmdry) is about boeln 40 started nonr Kansas Citv, whl.,kt.whe7 - , . . ted, such manufacture heating and cookaitry( toe tho stoves to use for fuel coal carbon oil. These stoves can bed consist In Wost Poiut as woll as iu KT'nIT of t,,ty habene- The deop artesian wolls of Clny lfoep adjoining counties need wind kxulbte, They may be at first considcri warm luxury, but will soon bcconio a n I sily. Some of them can bo constru0 for $16, aside from tower aud punJri Rre Tlio gcutloman has stated the 'eeslng exactly, aud his suggestions arclf the that rharactcr whch must meet ilally approbation of every practical iiiiJ5'1 The ralroad facilities of West Poi! ac imoqiialloil by thoso of nny othctha city iu Mississippi, aud it is bound Ijr Is beeomo tho distributing center fiuary, very largo scope of country. isreat- arc beiug taken to titili.e these ... . i y o' tho taes, aud before another deraiMjy have passed the busy hum of man row tho iu scores of manufacturing cslultivatlon incuts will anuouueo to tho t;in slngla that iu this, thfl garden spot '9?T3l' "' ... - . it JBould be State, will bo found Its prlucip, pibie. and metroiiolis. Forum. 0 remain .... .. Tl L?u. croP- iinimiiini 111111111 vii niniuiiv 'Jjpg.jjop. I witnessed, this iucideut In thUers are atu, u which Thomas H. Ih Bnd l..n,l o .,rn.,ln,.nt nnrl JPhate per I'm,' w juvHiiH-Mi- - ftnd it Eooto, of Mississippi, had assai eM0( violently daily until Mr. l)enni break lllteratcly arose one uiorulug so as to Senate and declared that if the as possl- of tho Senate were not enforce'1". weatn presiding officer, he would t., rules into h',; mva lauds. Ho i advant- tho Senator from .Mississippi Va evenly ho coulinucs his personal assa liberally, myself, t will lake care of him in, Well, 1 was quietly wr;tiug ono ng when my car told mo that 1 ' was pursuing precisely the some C(f of proceedings as this day before chair of Itenlon wipt thiqwn ba,ck trrost yipleuce, and he passed mo i ground area and went toward Foote as thecoma a he had a purpose in ills mind. I n? hens doubted that ho had. Eooto glit. ar out from his scat down amid the Se alors, taking from somo part of h ted, person a pistol and attempting to eocerly it. I suppose it was oue of tha'ed kind of pistols that had a gucrd in the jear. and ha hod forgotten to pull the'. ' guard around and he couldn't cock it; but when he was passing down atu trying to use tho iiistol Benton iterali.nt, ...... i, ; mi nnon nml mid : f,Scni'B' Vine mo ivi vi'.'i -.-i - J -.1.1- ....1 l..f !, .ucoo.00"0 tors, siauu asiup mm il .i.u " ""ither shoot T Well, tuo assassin n"i,otlid reaehed the scat of Paillel H- UiH dry Vnn of New York, who disarmed hen the and there was a cry all over ' . n..ii vn filled beuate, -jo ijhbi ivhuis . i'4 rcling !" Benton had returned to , t seat, and, with tho dignity of a Ron, ion(f he said : "Mr. PrcMtli lit, I never ql be re- rrli'iH I Iistvu .niii iiimi f'l' "V, prink I ;f car- THE ASTOR FAMILY. MnnJ Ika AMI., nl 1 ll. and In nine cases out ot ten It we locUre lameness after from one to hold th, applications, three days apart be abl hoof will show a ridge when cured. the e it will grow off gradually, as In ti n jnder. I have cured five or six eases . . my own stock, and never had tha b, oof shed In but one (taken too late), il4nd In that case the mare was en wr.lroly able to go about and take car trcof herself. She lost her hoof event- i.uully, but a new one was already there, and bard enough for immediate use. I have ridden horses and worked mules right along with It, after the lameness disappeared, and there was no return of the lameness. Used until It blisters and swells the limb it is tha best remedy for old sprains and hurts that I've ever tried. In joint rheuma tism of man or beast, a poultice of grated Irish potatoes (raw) Is the surest cure I know ot. Those in need of such remedies, try them and saa for yourselves. Cor. Dixie tanner. HERE AND THERE. Haul out your manure now and get It out of the way before spring. By w doing the manure will be in better con dition for the crops. Salt Is said to be an excellent fertilizer In peach orchards. A better fertilizer would be twenty parts wood ashes to one of salt, applied broadcast. One of the most Important items of poultry management Is to keep the drinking vessels clean. In ordor to do this It will be necessary to wash out clean every day or two. O Thousands of dollars' worth of grain is destroyed annually by mice, rats and other vermin, that may be saved by using half-Inch wire netting under tha floors of stables and barns. Moist, damp soil, is sometimes tha most valuable. Celery, and in soma sections onions, do best on such soils. If the soil is sandy strawberries will thrive better on damp soils that are not too wet. Tho properly-fattened animals marketed the moment they reach tha points whero further feeding would entail a loss, are always profitable to the feedor. But It takes a good judge to know when this point Is reached. Early in the season ths fowls oa the farm can be made to do good serv ice if allowed on newly-plowed land. Chickens will scratch Industriously for worms, and the number of insects eaten by a large floclf daily is very large. The hatching of the tent catorpil lor can, to a great measure, be pre vented by going through the orchard and picking off the clusters of eggs that can be found upon the limbs. During the winters is a good time to do this while the foliage Is off, as they can be seen more readily. Paint is an Important substance on the farm. It preserves the buildings and adds to their appearance. Farm ers who neglect to use paint are not economical. It adds much to tha value of everything on the farm, stops bolos and cracks and saves its cost In a single season. In selecting turkeys for breeding have either the hens or the gobblers two years old. It Is not best with this variety of fowls to breed from all young stock. If the hens are young have a two-year-old gobbler. A little pains taken on these points will result in a better class of fowls. Eggs used for setting should al ways be clear. If covered with filth ot dirt of any kind the probabilities of their hatching are largely decreased. While it is not desirable to handle any more than is strictly necessary, at the same time it will be better to wash off clean than to set them dirty. Several dairymen who have been successful in feeding ensilage to thelf cows do not recommend the use of any variety of corn for the alio which wilt not fairly ripen a crop of ears before, cutting. Corn thus matured furnishes in part the grain ration needed with the average ensilage. It costs loss to raise a colt than may be supposed. The colt requires attention, however, as it must be cur ried and properly stabled, but with plenty ot pasture but little other food is required, except an allowance of grain daily. If well bred the colt should bring a good price when three years old. The gizzard of the fowl masticates the food, but this can only be done with the aid of sharp, gritty materfal. A hen can eat pounded glass with ben efit. Many ot the ailments of poultry in winter are due to tbs lack of gritty substances, the birds being competed to digest unmasticated food, which results in indigestion. From this time on keep the ducks confined until eight or nine o'clock in the morning, aa after they commence laying they will usually lay an egg every twenty-four hours, and as they aro not at all particular where they drop their eggs, If they are not kept up there will be considerable los. They usually lay early. Feed the early in ths morning. aGRICCLTTBIL AM) IECH1S1CAL COLLEGES. ! TarrtralaM at Cllc " Valvar. lilM-OIjtt mt faafm la Pra vMlac far Ik SUUbllakmeal mt TkM lulllatUaa. ART1CLI SO- L I propose writing a few articles about Agricultural and Mechanical Col leges, and intend showing the object and intent of Congress in providing for them, and the necessity tor their estab lishment. What I shall write will be in a non-partisan spirit, intended to over come objections to these institutions, which are honestly entertained by many who should be their friends. la the older States there are colleges aad universities which have grown up with them; many of them richly en dowed and others supported by State appropriationa As the newer States were organized. similar ones were established, and in most instances provision was made for their liberal endowmeut by Congress by douation of public lands. Many of these endowments, both to the colleges and common schools, have been lost by the States. These universities and colleges in all the States were geneially patterned after the old English colleges, and their curriculums were gotten up to educate young men. and tit them tor ths three learned professions of law, divinity aud medicine. The theory of their instruc tions was based on the idea that thor ough study ot ths ancient classics was the only true road to learning. These colleges, besides giving a general lib eral education, also provided special schools for law, divinity and medicine. making liberal and ample provision for those intending to pursue these profes sions. In doing this they afforded most excellent and necessary higher educational facilities only to a small part ot tha people, but made no provi sion for the special training aud wants of the great majority ot the people en gaged in the multiplied and learned pursuits of the present day. The recent discoveries of science aud art have made very great changes in ths industries of the world, and the education afforded by the older col leges and universities was too con tracted, and favored too much certain small classes ol our population, and narrowed down too much the choice of selection in preparation for the differ ent pursuits of life, and wore evidently favoring the wealthlor classes and dis criminating too greatly in not affording speoial training for the pursuits the ma jority of population were following. Ths census of 1880 shows that in a population of 60,000.000 at the present time, that ouly 85,671 persons were doctors and surgeons, 64,698 were min isters, and 64,137 lawyers, making'214,- 516 persons In tho learned professions- less than a half million while tho bal ance of our population earned their livelihoods In other pursuits, one-half being engaged in agriculture and ths others in commerce, in manufacturing, in transportation, and in the mechan ical arts. These glaring facts causod the courses of study in the colleges and universities to be subjected to critical sxaniluatlon. The Inquiry was made: AVhy so purely llloraryP Why for the especial benefit ol only throe or four classes of people? Why so little science? Why so much theory and so little prac tice? These were iertinent questions, and when made authoritatively by Charles Francis Adams, at Harvard, a few years since, they attracted great at tention. Under public prossure, these curriculums have been partially and gradually changed. But even these ehangos have been made only to meet ths wealthier and better educated rlasses, rather than to meet the neces sities of the masses of population. These colleges have added departments for engineering, analytical chemistry, domestio economy, commercial train ing, schools of pharmacy, dentistry, schools of arts ot various kinds, poly technic institutes, normal colleges, In fact, departments for the theoretical and special institution of nearly every calling, but have persistently ignored agriculture, which, as an art, is vir tually the basis of all arts aad of all wealth. This is ths pursuit, too, that one-half ot ths population of ths United States Is engaged in, and in Mississippi four-tilths. Tbs recent changes and additions In the curriculum ot the common schools are following the same policy. In addition to tha "three Rs," we find rooent Introductions of philosophy, botany and physiology, and practical instruction in carpenter ing, wood engraving, type-writing, stenography, cooking, sewing, etc., but we bear nothing ol the introduction ot the study of the elementary principles of agriculture iu the common schools, sn art that four-filths of the boys and girls of Mississippi must necessarily earn their support from. This, too, in face of the fact that the principles are as well arranged and understood and as easily mastered by dull boys and girls as are the dry facts ol arithmetic, grammar, spelling, geography or his tory. Tho great straits to whloh the farming classes or peasants in Europe were brought, about ths beginning of this century, has made a complete revo lution in agriculture. In 1810 just 48 years ago, Leebig reduced to practical and scientific order what was necessary to maintain fertility in soil and to re store fertility. As a consequence, there are now over 400 agricultural schools and colleges in Germany. The same system is found in Franca and other European States. As a result of this thorough system of agricultural educa' tion among the peasants, the yield per acre of land in Europe has been gradu ally increasing, while in the United States statistics show it Is gradually decreasing. The statistics as to the condition of (he agricultural classes in the United States points to the ab olute necessity of their being better educated. Tbs census of 1880 brought out the fact that in the decade 1850 to 1860, the farmers were one-half ot the popula tion, and bad increased the productive wealth during the 10 years 101 per cent., and that they owned just one half of the wealth of tho entire coun try. In 1880 they were still nearly one haif of the population, but during the decades 1HGO to 1840, they had only In creased their productive wealth 9 per cent., instead of 101 cent, as from 185C to 180O, slowing a loss of 92 per ceut. la 20 years, Also in 1880, they, as class, only owned one-fourth of the sa tire weakh of the country, instead rl sue-half, as in lSwi It is area worse thaa this, for much of the land of far mers is mortgaged, ins mortgage in lcoa whe the TOungest o ,n8 As tors the States of Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, ! .t-red and took his luncheon. His Wisconsin, Michigan. Minnesota. Na-: solemnity and sadness of mlea was braska, Kansas and Missouri is esti- striking. He kept his eyes fixed re mated at 1422.000,000, and it is a no- ligiously on the ground as" he walked torious fact now that land in these across the cafe, selected a distant and States has greatly depreciated In value, j secluded table, turned his back upon and the farm lands ot the New Eng- the people and ate with aa air of gen land States and New York very much tie and mournful self-abnegation. He ol til. To nut it ia different shSDa. in ! is the heir of a hundred or two mill- MAX 0'fU.'3 VIEWS the 20 veers, I860 to 1&S0, the farmers added to the agricultural wealth ot the entire United States $4,122,588,487. they composing about one-half ot the entire population. During this 20 years the other half of the population (not farmers) added to the wealth ot the country $23,359,794,804. or nearly 500 par cent more than tha farmers made. This shows at least a lack of compar ative prosperity with the farming classes, and this is the reason so many farmers and their children are quitt ng the farms and euaging in more lucra tive pursuits. Th s accounts, too, fur the rapid building up ot c ties and cor porations. This is why 11 per cent, ot our population is to be fouud la towns and cities in l.W, while onlrS percent Hived in towns and c t e ia 1800. The great progress now being made in tha world has brought about new conditions, which affect the farmers. For instance, the facility and cheap ness ot transportation, has done away with all local competition. InlXKOitcost 18 cents to transport a bushel ot grain from the West to Now York, or from New York to Liverpool. Now it costs about two cents. So thrifty farmers in any country have not only to compete with each other, but with thrifty far mers In the West, and, in fact all over tha world. Skill and invention have brought down pries in all products. Including farm products. The farmer, therefore, must be educated aud be come more skilled, or he will be at the mercy of other calliugi. S. 1). Lr t. Spring naaaaeaaaat af Mrewrtorrte. Work on the strawberry bed should commence before the plants begin to grow. The sooner tne manure is spreaa over the plants the quicker will be lis effect after spring seta in. There are several reasons for giving a good coat ing of manure, one beiug to supply plant food and the other to protect ths vines, if this is done early no damage will be caused to the plants, but if it is delayed until ths plaut begins to grow, It is often the case that whero ths ma- nure is very concentrated, such as ths dropprings from poultry, ths plants will bo killed. A mulch or covering should consist of manure, as It will be a saving ot labor, aud the plants will got the bene fit of ths matter dissolved by the rains. The covering is not intended to keep the plants warm, as that is impossible, but to prevent the ground from warm ing too early or too suddenly. It Is just as important to mulch In thoso sections where the climate is mild aa it Is to do where the winters are severe, owing to tha alternate freezing and thawing ot the ground. If the ground Is frozen it can be partially kept in that condition by the mulch, which prevents the plants from being thrown up out of the soil, sad also from beginning growth too sarly in the season. Except in the middle ot the row the strawberry bed needs no cultivation un less ths plants aro growing In single stools, but to facilitate picking the crop all weeds that may appear should be pulled out by hand aa soon as possible. Every weed that Is allowed to remain robs the plant and lessens ths crop. Wood ashes are excellent for strawber ries, but if commercial fertilizers are used high grade salts ol potash and at Least two bags of superphosphate per acre will be the best form, and It should bo applied in the season, first raking off mulch and breaking all the lumps of ths manure, so as to have all the sub stances as Hue as possible. II there is liability ot dry weather, which is injuri ous to strawberries, the use of chopped salt hay around ths single stool plants will be of advantage. All fertilizers should be ovonly distributed and may be used liberally. FARM NwTKM. It la not a good plan to mate all the breeding hens too early, especially whon there is a considerable number ol young stock, or until the steadiest and best laying hens can be determined. Of tha 45,000,000 or more ol cattle In the United States, Texas is estimated to have 4,721,053, the value ot which reaches the sum ot 66.518,8iO. There are morn cattle In Texas than in any other State, but In value New York, Illinois and Iowa lead. Every farmer is interested in good roads. Nono but experienced road overseers should bn selected, and the tax required for road repair, if properly applied, is money well iuvested. Good roads save valuable horses and avoid loss of time by the farmer. The disposition of swino Is to pile up in cold weather, and the warmer we can keep it underneath them the less liable they are to do this, and uuleas they can be prevented from doing it to a great extent disease is much more liable to break out among I hem It is too early yet for spring igs, Ths young p'gs are easily stunted by severe cold, and unless they have a very warm pinna but few of tbem will survive. The brood sow must also lie fed liberally while nourishing them April Is soon enough for the spring plga As to the quality of food to be fed ws cannot lay down a rulo. If tho swine are in the fattening stage tliey should have all they will cat up clean. It they are growing animals they should have enough to keep them steadily growing. In no event should they be overfed. If the fruit trees are split by frost a good plan is to heat grafting wax, spread it over a piece of muslin and plnce over tho wound, tying in place with strips of the same material wrapped around the tree. The strip covered with wax should be sufficiently large to entirely cover the wound. Most every farmer Is aware of the faot that a sheep must be fat to make the best mutton, but few conceive ths idea that a properly an 1 well-fed sheep produces more an I butler wool than one poorly fed and cared for. Wool ia s product from feeding, just the same as fat or flesh, nnd lh flock should be J fed and msuaged with a view 10 wool I growth, aud that ot tine quality. j A CllmpM at Tw af Hi BrMatat!Ts SMw W. Laofewa tm Ik Tiracteaa IB a Kin York Rmaaraab l44Mt r r.aeh Satirist. A day or two a-o I was In Del moo- ' From Max O Roll's book on his American visit: The American ma are generally thin. Their faces glow with intelligence aad energy, and la Ihle mainly consists their handsome- . aesa. I do not think it eaa be poasthte to see anywhere a finer assemblage ot men than that which meets at the Cent ury Club of New York every first Sat urday ol the month. It is not male beauty such as the Greeks portrayed It but a manly beauty la all Its intel lectual force. The hair, often abund ant Is neglige, sometimes sven almost disordered looking; the dress displays . taste and care, without aiming at ele gance; the face is pale and serious, but lights op with aa amiable smile; yow divine that resolution and gentleness live in harmony In ths American char acter. The features are bony, the forehead Straight the nose sharp, and oftea plnched-looklng in its thinness. At times, one seams to recognize In tha laces something ot the Indian type; the temples indented, the cheek-bones prominent tha eyes small, keea and deep set The well-bred American Is to my mind a happy combination ot the Frenchman and the Englishman, having less stiffness thaa the latter, and more simplicity than the former. As for women. I do not hesitate to say that in the East in New York es pecially, they might perfectly well be taken for French women. It Is tha same type, the same gait the same vivacity, the same petulance, the same amplitude of proportlooa The beauty of the American women. like that of the men. Is due much mora to the animation o! the face thaa to form or coloring. The average ot good looks is very high, indeed. I do not remember to have seen one hope lessly plain woman during my sis months' ramble through tha States. American women generally enjoy that second youth which Nature be stows also on numbers ol French wom en. At forty they bloom out into a more majestic beauty. The eyes re tain their tire and luster, tha skin does not wrinkle, the hands, neck and arms remain firm and white. It Is true that in America hair turns gray early, but so far from detracting from the wom an's charms, it gives her an air of dis tinction, and is often positively an at traction. It the Americans descend from tha English, their women have not In herited from their grandmothers either their teeth, their hands or their feet I have seen in America the daintiest little hands and feet in the world (this is not an Americanism.) The New Yorkers and Bostonlans will have it to be that Chicago women have enormous feet and banda I was willing to believe this, up to the day I went to Chicago. I found the Chicago women, and those ol the West gener ally, pretty, with more color thaa their Eastern slaters, only, as a rule, quite slight not to say thin. That which is lacking in the pretty American laces ot the East at color and freshness. The complexion is pale and It is only their plumpness which comes to their rescue after thirty and prevents them from look Ing fuded. Those who remain thin generally fade quickly, ths complex Ion becomes the color ol whlty-brows paper, and wrinkles freely. If American women went in lor more out-door exercise; if they let ths outer air penetrate constantly In their rooms; if they gave up living in hot houses, they would have some color, and their beauty need perhaps fear no competition in Europe. ions and is probably tha most desira ble parti in New York. No one seemed to know him, and the waiter who at tended to his wants was quite careless and indifferent Had he known that it was the heir ot the Astors that he i waiting upon he would prob ably have jumped five leet In the air with alacrity. Befors this particular Astor had finished his luncheon, his cousin, William Waldorf Astor, also drifted ia and sat down neat the door. His face had the same pre maturely grave and solemn look. I do not suppose that the ex-Miulster of Italy is more than thirty-five or thirty- six years of age, and he has a magni cent physique, but the general effect after a hasty look at his face is that of a man who has had a stormy life and it searing his lorty-eighth or torty-nlnth year. He, too, was exceedingly simple in the matter of fare. He drank a cup ot tea with his luncheon, and when he had finished he look an old book from the pocket of his overcoat and sat read ing it quletlv tor halt aa hour. Ihea he paid his bill, and got up and drifted out Neither ot the two Astors knew of the other's presence. Probably the two men together will eventually rep resent f2O0.0O0.000. 1 followed Mr. Astor out of the place, and as we stopped at the corner to al low a car to pass, he stepped hastily past me and made a profound bow to a man across the street. The man nod ded In return. It was a greeting be tween father and son, but it might hart been the salutation of one Ambassador to another. The portly form ot the elder Astor was clad jn black. His lace was as heavily seamed as that ol a tragndlau, and he walked with a slow aud ponderous tread. There was a heavy band ol crape on his hat He passed mournfully along the street and strode slowly up towards his house at Filth avenue and Twenty-third street There are very few families In the world whose wealth Is more substan tial, solid and ample than that of the Astors, and yet I do not think that I have ever seen three men who looked mora hopelessly and utterly unhappy than the trio of millionaires looked thnt dny. It seemed to show with a good deal of force that wealth does not always carry happiness with It Phil adelphia Press. CONCERNING CATS. A Joarnall.fi rrlilar Sftrnooa Coaaa- Itloa aa Tabby. ' Tho cat has ever boon regarded as a mysterious creature, and has of a consequence been shunned, as amateur swimmers avoid doep holes, by the youth of our land In their literary ef forts. The dog and the horse are no toriously what are termed "old stand bys" as subjects for compositions, but it is noteworthy that tho cat, though svon more familiar to alt than el'.or of the aforomonlloned animals, is neg lected in all Friday afternoon litera ture. The kitten Is much beloved by reason of Its frivolous and gay nature. Its propensity to amuse Itself with any Rght object or, In delault ol other movables. Its own fleeting tall endears It to all young persons, but there Is an unnatural gravity and air ol absorp tion In deep philosophical matters about the mature cat which Is forbid ding, not to say awe-Inspiring. It may bo that Its uncanny nature has causod It to be associated with witches. Certainly Its habit of being out at all hours of the night gives color to the suspicion that It is s baleful beast. A cat acts as If It knew that ths disclosure of Its secrets would result In death to all Its kind at the hands of an enraged humanity. Now there Is something frank and open hearted about a dog. Ho may bite an enemy, but a cat will scratch Its dear est friend. A dog oan not keep a se cret A cat never tolls one. The nor mal dog is undoubtedly a sane creat ure, and this is proved by the fact that now and then ono goes mad. They have to go mad, don't you suo Now, reasoning oa that basis, a rat muA be normally insane, if a paradox be per mitted. A dog growls whon ho Is an gry and wags his tall whon he is pleased. A cat on the contrary, growls when she is pleased and wags her toil in anger. Others have noted this faot before, but the great mass of mnnklnd hnve ignored it, absorbed Is the strife tor existence. It behooves us to Inquire If It be safe to allow ex istence to creatures whose simplest acts are done in such a way as to arouse suspicion of their sanity. Chi cago Mall. Ths Pscific Ocean Islsnds. The Samoan difficulty is not easily appreciated by thoso who insist on thinking of tho islands of the Paclfio as only groups ol savage-possessed territory, of which nothing better can be expected. The fact is that group after group is passing forward to a de gree ot civilization comparable to the lariror continents. Within the next century the larger islands will be un dor the highest culture, and the homes of art and education. Bailroads are being constructed on the Philippine Islands, and others are projected else where. The Philippine group pos sesses over 7,000,000 of inhabitants, is as fine a territory as Now Zealand, and capable of becoming one of the richest parts of the globe. The Sa moan group is associated with a dozen other groups more nearly in the Cen tral Pacific and possesses fine har bors, fine soli, natives ot unusual in tolligcnce. and is desirable property everyway. St Louis Globe-Democrat It Made Her Happy. It was plain to all the passengers on the car that the couple were man and wife, and thnt the man was boozy, Every one felt sorry for the wife, feel ing that she must be greatly embar rassed, and when the couple cams to get off a gentleman on the platforrr said: "Here let me assist him. He seems to have rheumatism." "Does her asked the wife as sbs looked up. "Thank you, sir. I was afraid every body would think he so?med to have too much drunk." Detroit Free Press. . i i a The chappie of to-day is the old- fashioned dud! dipped In a little de- m avitv. Ho has 1 jst w-aius enougn to be a nuissncc, Baltimore American, A HAPPY MARRIAGE. The Oalf War la Wbtea. aa Idaal Calae naeomss Fosalbla. Two people may be ol suitable age, temper, tastes and Inclinations, but if they have not minds sufficiently orig inal or well stored to offer to each other fresh attractions they quickly find themselves at the melancholy stage of conning twice-told tales, and however comfortable tholr Ufa together may be, their union can not be Ideally happy. Only the man or woman who can offer to wife or husband or friend continual novelty, continual freshness, can hope to keep alive an affection ot quick fer vor. The Individuality of the race Is tar too highly developed lor us to fol low the fashion of our ancestors ol taking friendship as a contract almost loyally binding. People fortunately do not demand a great doal In this line. A very little freshness, a new thought now and then, a slight growth, a small attainment In untried fields, suffices; but this is imperative to vitality of In terest Unless a husband and wife fall In love with each other anew every day, their marriage- has' failed of its Ideal possibilities. And from what has been said it is easy to perceive what nonsense is the talk about affinities which used to be called into account for the failure of marriage. While some people are fitted to live together and others are not the paucity of thought, of Imagina tion, of originality, of ordinary people makes It Impossible tor them to realize the highest conditions ot love or of Irlendship; and since the fault Is in herently their own no affinity could remedy the effect The moral, if one wishes to draw moral, Is sufficiently obvious. The only way In which an Ideal marriage be comes possible Is by the cultivation ot the Imagination and the creative powers. This may not secure the de sired blessing, but without it an ideal marriage Is Impossible. Boston Cour ier. a 11 Wonders or the Deep Sea. The son occupies three-fltths of tha earth's surface. A mile down tho water has a press-, ure of a ton to the square incb. It has been proven that at the depth of 3,600 feet the waves sra not felt At some places the force of the sea dashing against the rocks on ths shore Is said to be seventeen tons to the square yard. The temperature is the same, vary ing only a trifle from the ice ot the pole to the burning sun of the equator. The water Is colder at the bottom than at ths surface. In the many bays on the coast of Norway the water often freezes at the bottom before it does above. II a box six feet deep were filled with sea water, and the water allowed to evaporate in tha sun, there would be two Inches of salt left at ths bot tom. Taking the average depth of the ocean to be three miles, mere arnnlrl be a laver of pure salt tSO feat thick on the Atlantic, Indianapolis Journal. Conscience lavs on heavy tasks. but gives high pay.