The Cadiz sentinel. [volume], May 31, 1865, Image 1

About The Cadiz sentinel. [volume] (Cadiz, Ohio) 1864-1911

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KTEUNAL VIGILANCE
THE I'll I C JZ OF LIIJKUTl',
Tftoiua.it .lof'fcr
VOLUME 32, NO. 5.
CADIZ, OHIO, WEDNESDAY, MAY 31, 1863.
TEKMS-82,oO PM ANNUM'
J. M. ESTEP,
ItftdlVNEV AT T-i A. "W
Cadiz, Ohio.
OottlictloNS made, and businps of Exe
cutor. Adiuinistrntrn and Ouardinne at
tundod to.
Also the colloction of
flarlt lay, Bounties, Pensions, Ac.
Of Soldiers and Widow and heire of deceas
ed soldiors, A'C, attended to.
Okkick Oil Main Street, opposito Beull's
Drugstore.
PHILIP DONAHUE,
ATTOllNKY A.T LAW,
Cadix, Olito.
Ofpicb On Market Struct, over MeCon
neU's Grocery. KiitriiiK-e between liauiiu's
nd McConnvll'a.
Cadir, Ohio, uno 4, 1SG4.
WILLIAM P. IlAl-
ATTOHN.K Y A..T A. SV
Cadlx, Oltlo.
OFFICE On Main Street, in tho room
formerlyoccupUxl byT. Philliis, Ksq.,
tut a Justice's oflii.
AU professional businoss in tliia and? ad
joining counties will receive promit atten
tion. Deo. 14. 18R4.
JESSE O. THOMAS,
ATTOIIN X2 Y AT 1j A W,
Cadis, Ohio.
OvilCH On Market Hlroet, over tho Na
tional Bank; entrance, onndoor Kust.
te&.Hpoeiiil attention given A 1 1 10 col I no
tion of HACK PAY, UOl'NTIKrt, PEN
SIONS Ac, of Soldiors, and Widows and
liuir of de-oasud soldiers. No charge un
til collodions are made.
All professional business in this and nd
loining counties will receive prompt inten
tion. Dec. 14, '(M.
J. CUJfNIiVGHAM,
A T TO UN JO Y AT XJ A W,
Cadiz, Ohio.
Wilt, give prompt attention to all legal
luin'M enti'Urttod to his euro in Harrison
and adjoining counties.
Oxvk'E L'p stairs, in Oeorge'8 Corner.
Kntraneo on Main atruut.
March Hi, 1SU5.
JOSEPH SHAIiOX",
ATTOltNKY AT JL.A.W,
Cndlse, Olilo.
j('StffStri!:t attonlion to all business en
trusted him in Harrison, Jefferson, liolinont
umi Tuscarawas Counties.
Otliee in tho brick building, opposite the
"Cadiz JJouso." Jan. &", '(55.
K. S. MOODY,
ATTOUS 13 Y A T T, A TV ,
MtoubcuvHlc, OI1I0.
TJ-WUl practice in tho Courts of Harri
son (Joim'tV. aprl 1, 'im.
S It. SlIOTWELU
A T.T O Tl 15 Y A T 1a A AV ,
CurtlK, Ohio.
Co.TTrst'RS to practice in Harrison and
adjoining counties, and gives fspeoltd Hi
prompt attention to Collecting, business of
i'lxucUtorS and Administrators, (Jmirdinns,
Wards, l'Hrlillons, Sales of Lands, .Settle
ment of Kstalos, 'i'itles to Ileal Kxliito, Con
veyancing, Suits at at Lnwand in ( hiuicoiv,
l.ouniug and Investment of Money, and till
ilicr professional business placed in his
ohur;;e.
'i.irc la 'Agent for the State Hunk o
Ohio and olhiirs, for loaning money, ifco.
ftOMiei. In (jworgo'a Corner, Main Street.
J nn. -JO, IstiS.
A. W. KAAIHBY, M. D.
JMUCTIHIXO I'll VH I CI AX
AND
Opuratlro Hurg!on,
OFFICIO and Uesideneo in IIOPKDALE,
Harrison Countv, Ohio.
March 15, l!W5-l.v
IviLHOIS V into.,
Wholesale Grocers,
COMMISSION MERCHANTS,
Dealer in Prntlnre A Agricultural
Implements,
Agents for tho sale of tho Uuckoye Mower
and Hooper in Harrison, Jeil'erHon
' and Jelmoiil Counties.
CADIX, OHIO.
March 10, 1S3.
sr. 33Ft.iT iT iina
DKALEll IN
READY-RIftDE CLOTHING,
sim Flllill GOODS,
Market Street,
Nov. 14, 1864.
Cadiz, Ohio.
A. M. MARSH J. II. J1ANSKR,
1 Manufacturers and Dealers in
TOSBACCO, SNUFF AND CIGARS,
Mtirltot Street, CadlCi Ohio,
One Door Below Brown A Brother's Store,
BUThelr Cigars aro of tlie best quality
MARSH & MANSER.
CadizMay U, '04
,T. M. BLACKBUUN
WITH
JOSHUA B. LEE & O.,
; No. 437, Marketiree.
l'lIILAIX'.I.rill A,
XMPORTEnS WHOLESALE DKAL
B ura ill French, Knglish and German
FANCY GOODS, Whilu Goods, Emlroi
dtrio9, Luces and Trimmings; Silk, Cotton
fcndJLinon Handkerchiors.Silk Mit, Gloves,
Hosiery; Gents' Furnishing Goods and
Tailors' trimininBm Combs, Brnshes, llut
tons end Suspenders; Velvets and Bonnet
hibbotis, c. '
Feb. 15, 115 -ly
ABEL CARSON,
. , Manufacturer and Dealer in
All Kill OF
Will
At the old Bhop of Win. I. Fry, Cadi,, Ohio.
HE warrants till of his work to be of the
bestquoJity, and will bo sold at tlielow
t rate.
- Particular attention paid tomannfacturing
COFFINS. - He keep a good H1CARSK.
Cadiz, July 16, 18tiu. .
H. H. HARRISON,
CCUPIES the room formerly oucupiod
Vf bv Lukens & Harrison, opposite the
Cadiz House. Having atted np ids rooms
In the latest and best style, he is ready and
waiting to have Ids old friends and new ones
call to see him. , He puts up as Fine Teeth,
both Plate and Vvlcanile.M any Dentist.
jar-Teeth extracted without pain, if desi
red.! '''' '
tV9'All Operation Warranted' '' ''
Dentists oaa aim)- find nt bigotRo a fine
lock f teeth of vry kind at fait prices,- :
Feb.3,-lSrti.'
tfliout goftrit.
TUB A.XSWEli.
liove youT yes, I'll ever love yon,
Iove you morning, noon, and night;
Love vbiight, and noon, and morning,
With a love that will r.ot blight
Love you witli a love most high,
With a love that will not die.
Love you? yea; and now yoil bios me,
Then my" heart no more is sad,
For I tell thee that I love thee.
And wouldst make thy lone heart glad
Make it glad, and fond, and free,
Leaving all lor love of tlieu
Fame, and wealth, and power, and glory,
I Wotlldst hoi that thou resign;
Dost thou wonder at the storvr
Rather I that they were tliino.
Ours shall be most perfect love
Love like that in Heaven above.
Oh, thy heart no more is yearning!
For thou hast my ardent love
Love whose lires are ever burning
With love-tire from above.
Yes, yes, dearest, will I love tlieo
Even as thy heart loves uie;
Earth to us a heaven skull be.
TALK ABOUT MARRIAGE.
BY T. 8. AKTIIUR.
Two maidens, in youthful bloom and
beauty, at eiirhrstly talking. Their thought
was reaching) away into the future their
theme Wiis nuirriagn.
"I liked him well enough," paid one of
them, "hut "
She paused, leaving tho objection unspo
ken. ''What is the impediment, Alice?"
"His income is too small,"
"What is it?"
"Eight hundred dollats year."
"You might live on that."
"Live? Bah! What kind of living?"
"Nut in princely style, 1 admit."
"Nor scarcely in plebeian, Fanny. Eight
hundred dollars! Why. father pays hx
hundred dollars rent, and I'm sure our style
of liviug is plain enough. Eight hundred
dollarsl Oh, no. 1 like Harry better than
any young man 1 have met. f could love
him, 110 doubt. Jiut he can't support a
wile in any detent, kind of style."
"Hid your lather and mother begin 'heir
married lile on a larger income than Harry
Pleasants now receives? Mine did not, as
I have often heard them le'ate."
''Eathcr and mother! Oh, according to
story, Job's iainons Turkey wus Honicely
poorer than they were in the beginning,
Mother did all her own work, even to tjie
wa-hing and ironing, I believe. Father's
income was not over tlncifUr four hundred
dollars a year."
"And they were happy together, I am
lure.''
"No doubt. Tn fact, I have heard moth
er say that the first hard struggling years of
their life wi ve among the liuppitu-t - he had
known. Hut that dms't tiguity for me.
'1 hit is no reason why her daughter rhotild
elct to go into the kitchen, ,and spend her
lile in washing, ironing and cooking. If t
man b not abh.i to support a wife genteelly,
and in the s ylc to w hiih i-he has been ac.
customed, let bin) many some Irish c ok,
srwing gi I, or Wiishci-wonian, who will
managii ids hou-chnlil with the needed
economy. Voting men who cunt earn more
than eight hundred or a thousand dollars u
year should not look into our circles for
wives."
"I don't like to hear you talk in this way,
Alice," said her companion. "We urn not
Ktipcrior beings, but only the equaltf ut the
mt n.'
"Did I say we wore superior?"
"One might infer from your language
that you thought so."
"I don't see how the inference can fairly
bo drawn."
" 'Our ciivlo for wives,' you said just
now."
-Yes."
"What do you menu by it?"
"A circle of intelligence, refinement,
taste and cultivation," said Alice.
"You don't say Wealth?"
"No. My father, though living in good
style, is not rich. I have heard him say,
more than ouue, that we were living up to
our income."
"Then we hiiTe our own sweet fclves with
which to endow our husbands, h'o houses
or lands: no stocks from which to draw an
income; nothing substantial on which to
claim the right of being supported in costly
idleness. We most bo rich indeed us to per
sonol attractions. ' '
"We aie educated and accomplished, and
-and-"
Alice was a little bewildered in thought
and did not finish tho sentence.
"Not better educated, or accomplished,
as girls, than aro most of the young men,
who, as clerks, earn only from (seven hun
dred to a thousand dollars a year. In this
regard we are simply their canals. But, it
strikes me, that in another view of the case
we cannot even claim tin equality. They
are our superiors."
"Not by any means," replied Alice.
"We shall see. Here is Harry Pleasants
for instance. What is his income? 1 think
you mentioned the sum, just now."
"Eight hundred dollars a year, I am
told." , ,
"That is the interest on how much? Let
me see about twelve thousand dollars.
To be equal, as u. mutch for Harry, then,
you should bo worth at least twelve thou
sand dollars."
' "How you talk, Fanny."
"To the point,- don't I? If wc are not
superior to the young men who visit us,
superior simply 111 virtue of our sex, then
our only claim to bo supported handsomely
in idle self-indulgence must lie in tha fact
that we endow our husbands w ith sufficient
worldly goods to warrant tho condition."
"You are ingenious,"
"jN'o, matter of fact What have you to
say against my position, Alice? Are wo bet
ter than young men of equal intelligence
and education?"
"No, I caunot sayJhat we are."
"If we marry, we must look upon these
for husbands; Ilicli men, as a general tiling,
select their wives from rich men's daugh
ters. Our chances iii that direction are not
very encouraging. Your father has no
dowry for his child; nor has mine. Their
families are large and expensive, and little
Or nothing of the year's ineotne is left at the
yt-ar s closci The best they can do for us is
to give us homes; and I feel that it is not
much to our credit that we are content to
lean on our fathers, already stooping under
the burden of years, care nhd toil instead
of supporting ourselves. The thought lias
troubled me much of late.
A sober hue came over the face of Alice,
as she at looking into the eyes of Ler
Capital ftoni.
friend. hc did not reply, and Fanny
went on:
"There is wrong in this. On what ground
of reason arc we to be exempt froln the
common lot of useful wink? We expect to
l.womc wives and mothers, Is this our
prepHratiotiV (jUii yoU bake a loaf of sweet,
light bread?"
"No."
"Norcan I. Or roast asurloin?"
"N' 1"
"Or t roil a uteak? Just think of it, Alice!
We can make a little useless embroidery, or
fancy knitting: can sing and play, dance
and chatter but as to the leal anil substan
tial things of life, we art ignorant and help
less. And with all this, forsooth, we canhnt
think of letting our.-elves down to the level
and condition of virtuous and intelligent
young men, who, in daily useful work, ait)
e irning a fair independence, We tiro so
Fiipcrior that we must hare htiKl aiids nble
to mpport us in luxurious idleness, or we
will have none. We are willing to pass the
mm to whom love wottld unite us in the
t'liilerest bunds, because his income is
s nail, and marry for position one from
whom the soul turns with instinctive aver
sion, 'an we wonder that so many aro un
happy':" "But eight bundled dollars, Fanny.
How is it nossiblu for a married counlo to
live in any decent style, in this city, on
eight hundred dollars "a year?"
"1 hey may live in a very comfortable
style, if ths wife is willing to pertonn her
part".
"What do you mean by her part, Fanny?"
"W e will lake it lor granted that she is
no better than her bu band. That, having
bioufht hini no fortune beyond her dear
keif, she cannot ilaiiu superior privileges."
"Well?" '
"He has to labor hard through all the
dav."
"Well?"
"Under what equitable rule is (die ex
empt.'1 "None. She must do her part, of course,
if there is anything to do it with. Hie
must keep his bouse, if he can idl'ord a
bouse. But if be only have eight hundred
dollars a year? Whv, rent alone would con
sume haif or moretiian half of that. There
would be no house-keeping in the case.
They must board."
"And the wile sit in idleness all the day
long?"
"She would have nothing to do."
"Could the not teach, or, by aid of a
sewing machine, cam a few dollars every
week? or engage in some other u.-.cl'ul work
that would yield an income, and to do her
part?"
Yes, she might do something of the
kind; but if maniagc is to make 'workics'
of us, it were better to remain i-inglc."
"And live in unwomanly dependence up
on our parents mid relatives? No, Alice;
there is a false sentiment prevailing on this
subject, and as I think and talk 1 sec it more
and n ore cli aily. Our parents have been
weak in their love for us; and seeiety, as
co'isijtuted has given us wrong (timtes
of things. We should have been required
to do useful woik in the' house, hold from
the beginning; and should have been taught
that idleness and self-indulgence were dis
creditable. Our brothers aro put to trades
and professions, and made to coinpri h' lid
Irom ti e beginning, that industiy is honor
able, and that the way of useful work is
the way by which tho world's brighten
places are to be reached. But we arc rai
sed daintily and uselessly, and fo fitted for
our duties as wives and mothers. Our
piidcand sel.'-e. tw in are fostered; and we
c ine to tl.iuk of mmelves as future queens,
y h. are to br ministered to in all things,
in.-tad of being a ininistrnnt, in loving self
orgrtl'ulne.'S, to others. No wonder that
I'll anti-marriage sentiment is beginning to
p cvai! among young men of moderate in
comcs, in all our huve cities. Ihe fault is
in us, Alice. 1 he mii lies at our uoor. We
demand too much in this co-partner-hip.
We are not willing to do our share of work.
Our husbands must bear all the burdens."
Alice sighed heavily. Her friend con
tinued.' "I have read somewhere that the delight
of Heaven is the delight of being useful.
And it seems to n.o as I dwell 1171011 the
thought, that the nearest appioach to hea
venly delight here must he in that statein
to wl ieh a w ife c ines when she stands by
her husband's side, and, out of love for him,
removes one burden and another from his
shoulders, a ml so lightens his work that
smiles take the plu tc 01" weaiincss and the
shadowings of care. f he be rich, she can
baldly have so great a privilege; but if they
are alike poor, and know how to moderate
their de.-ires, their home may become an
image of I'aiadise. Eight hundred dollars!
Mice, if yon were really fitted to become
the wife of Harry, you might live with him
doing your part, happier than a queen,"
"That is, I might take in work and earn
money, if wo board; or. but housekeeping
is out of the ciue.-tion."
"No, it should never be out of the ques
tion, in minting?, 1 think."
"But house-rent alone -would take half of
our income."
"That docs not follow."
"It d ies for any house that I would emi
nent to live in."
"So pride is stronger than love. But
pride has its wages as well as love; and tho
ono is bitter while the other is sweet. It
is thispiide of uppearancc, this living for
the eyes of other people, who do not care a
penny for us, that is marring tho fair fabric
of our social life. Fine houses, fine furni
ture, fine dresses, parties, shows, and costly
luxuries of all kinds, are consuming domes
tic happiness and burdening fathers and
hi others in all grades of society with em
barrassment and wretchedness. Alice, we
must be wiser in our generation. ' '
"That is, coop ourselves up in two or three
little rooms, with our tight hundied-dollar-a-year
Lusband, auddnourown cooking and
house-work. Is that it, my pretty one?"
"Alice, you do not deserve a good man!
You are not worthy to wed Harry Pleasants
and I trust you will pass him by, should he
be weak enough to offer you his hand. He
can't afford to marry a girl of your expecta
tions; he must content himself with One
who, like himself, regards life as real, lifts as
earnest; and the way ot use and duty the
way to true honor and the highest happi
ness." From the Cincinnati Cmnmcrciul, Abolition
TREASON TRIALS IN T1SE
UNITED STATE
We are often told that the events we are
now pBssitig through are "utterly unprece
dented in our history." Many assure us
that they are also without parallel or prece
dent in the history of the wnrlch Without
stripping to criticise this tendehcj', common
o all ages, to magnify present events and
interests, and conccediiig fully the extraor
dinary character of the timet in which we
live, it is at tho Mime time pertinent to re
call those cventf in our history which hnv
11 direct bearing upon the great questions
which now arise for settlement. It is proba
ble that the trial of the chief consnirntor
and traitor in tho now vanquished rebellion
will soon occur; and it becomes interesting
to consider the former trials for trensoii in
our history, to recall the the character and
crimes of the offenders; and to mark the
principles on which they were decided.
TlIK WHISKY INSL'RHEtTlOSIKTS.
What is commonly knowy as the "Whisky
Insuricetion" gave rise to the first trials
for treason under the Constitution of the
United States. This rebellion upon a small
scale, as it would now be considered, sprang
up in the curly years of Washington's ad
ministration, and has been honored with
elaborate histories by two cotcinporancous
writers, and by one historian of modern
date. It grew out of the act of Congress,
of March 3, IT'.ll, which imposed duty
upon spirits distilled within the United
States. This measure, although' necessary
to raise revenue toward canceling the heavy
deat of tho Kevolutioii, was violently de
nounced in the Middle and Southern States
as burdensome and tjiauical. A portion of
North Cirolina became seriously disaffected,
and large meetings were held t denounce
the law. But it was in the western part of
Pennsylvania, settled chiefly by the Scotch,
and Irish Presbyterians, that opposition to
tho law was most determined. In the
Counties of Alleghany, Washii'jk'toii, Fay
ette and Westmoreland, an agnation was
started, which, in two or tin ee year, ripeh
ed into an organized Insurrection, and in
volved its leaders in the crime ot treason.
It was the strong motive of pecuniary
interest that led tho people of these coun
ties to such lengths-. The war of the B ev
olution, by cutting off importation, had
.stimulated these rich grain-growing regions
to the manufacture of spirits, untifthe most
of the United States was supplied liom this
source ami the whole "Western Country"
of Pennsylvania as it was then called, (for
as yet the greatness of Ohio was not),
swarmed with distilleries. Tho trade was
lucrative, and whisky waF so valuable that,
in the scarcity of specie, it was used uni
versally as currency, thus becoming, in more
senses than one, "a circulating medium."
Those who are familiar with the fervid
loyalty of Western Pennsylvania in the
present day will read, with surprise, of the
wide-spread disaffection which then obstruc
ted t lie laws of the Federal (jovemment,
and had previously opposed the adoption of
the Federal Constitution. Public meetings
were everywhere held to denounce the law;
the Pittsburgh (ia.etfe teemed vith violent
abuse of the Government and its officers;
petitions for repeal were poured into Con
gress; the excise officers were driven from
their offices, proscribed, and, in several
cases, tarred and feathered; leagues of dis
tillers were formed, pledged to non-compliance
with the law, and the stills of such a
complied with it were destroyed; an associa
tion, called the "Mingo Creek Society,"
was formed, composed of a battalion of
militia, govirncd, absolutely, by a President
and Council, and its members sworn to
secrecy. These outrages were stimulated by
the fiubearance of the Government, just as
the faiiuie of the Government to put forth
its strength, early in 1X01, brought it into
contempt with the rebels and semi-rebels of
the South. Congress, in I Ti)2, modified the
law, somewhat, to pacify the malcontents,
but this had the opposite effect. The viola
tors of the law were encouraged by the hope
of impunity, and the first mild pioclama
tion of the President (Washington), issued
in September, 1T'.), was utterly disregard
ed. 1
At length' Congress awoke tri the "necessi
ty of some stringciitlcgislation, to enable the
Executive to enforce the laws, and, in June,
1 T.;4 , an act was passed providing fiir the
trial of offences against tho revenue laws, at
the same time it was determined, and in
structions issued by Alexander Hamilton,
the Secretary of the Treasury, to prosecute
delinquents with rigor, and to collect the
revenue at all hazards. Process was served
upon a number of persons, but the .Marshal
was fire'd upon, captured, and thicafencd
with death unless be promised to serve no
process wept, of the mountains. General
Neville, Inspector of tho Western District,
was besieged in his own house, near Pitts
burgh, by a party of insurgents, numbering
forty guns. Warned of their approach, his
windows were nailed up with plank, and a
number of Iiih negroes behind them, sup
plied with arms and ammunition. The rio
ters fired upon the house, bi-t being unex
pectedly attacked in return by the negroes
one of them killed, and six wounded they
hastily retreated.
The attack was renewed the next day by
five or six hundred men. General Neville
could procure as reinforcements for his ne
groes, but eleven soldiers regulars from
Fort Pitt. 'J he civil authorities feared to
order out the ;;o.w? mmitafiis to suppress
tho riot, lost it should be found that tho
majority were 011 the side of the insurgents.
The latter had appointed a committee of
throe (in imitation ot the National Com
missioners which, at that day, attended the
French armies), who were to superintend
the enterprise hold parley with the besieged
and compel him, if possible, to resign hi
obnoxious ofiice without blood.-hed. The
redoubtable army marched to the Inspec
tor's house, and the "committee" gravely
seated themselves on an eminence, at some
distance, to overlook the war. A flag was
first sent in, to demand his resignation.
This being summarily refused, notice was
given, by another flag, for the women and
children to withdraw. The nttack then
commenced. The defenders of the house
replied warmly, and Machine, who led the
assailants, was soon killed. A message wns
sent to the "Committee," to know whether
the house should not be stormed. Mean
while, the outhouses were fired, the house
threatened with conflagration, and the small
party within were compelled to come out
and surrender themselves. The attack las
ted about an hour;" two of the assailants
were killed, and three of the soldiers woun
ded. While the house was burning, tins
insurgents broke opon tho cellar, and drank
up the wine, and, becoming intoxicated,
were hardly restrained from tnassacreo of
their captives, most of whciu managed,
however, to escape.
A rent meeting of the country militia
was liow called by the leading insurgents.
They met at Braddock's Field, on tho Mon
ongahela, on the first of August. About
seven thousand men, armed and equipped,
attended, and a very warlike disposition
was manifested, It was resolved t lint the
army should march to Pittsburgh. The de
sign of attacking the garrison (n trifling
squad of United States troop, in Fort Pitt),
was, however abandoned. The people of
the town were very hospitable. Whisky
(untaxed) flowed freely, and the army
marched through and crossed tho Monon
gahela, where they mostly retired to their
houses, hating made a demonstration of
strength which, it was thought, would ef
fectually prevent any futuro attempt to exe
cute the laws.
1. "Incidents of the Insurrection In
Pennsylvania, in 1794. By Hugh Henry
Braekenridge." Svo, Philadelphia, 17iV.
2 "History of tho ineurroetion in Penn
sylvania, in 17fl4. By William Findlay."
38 pp., Svo, Philadelphia, J7W?.
S "History of the Western lupurrectlon.
Bv Ifenrv M. Braekenridge." 83 pp., 8vo.
Pittsburgh, 185i.
But the insurrection had now rcaered a
point where the tempoii.ing policy of the
Government could Is; pursued no longer.
The alternative of subduing this open and
foicible resistance, or of submitting to it,
was picscntcd to the Administration. Wash
ington clxi.se the former. On the 7th of
August, he Issued his proclamation,
wamirg all insurgents to disperse within
three weeks; prohibiting all persons from
aiding or abeting the perpetrators of such
treasonable acts; and declaring his purpose
to "call forth the militia to suppress the
combinations aforesaid, and to cam the
laws to be duly executed, in the most solemn
conviction that the essontinl iutcrests of the
Union demand it." On the same day, a
requisition was made on the Governors of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and
Virginia, for twelve thousand militia, (af
terward increased to fifteen thou-nud.) who
were to bo immediately organized and ready
to inarch at at a moment's warning.
While steps were being taken to bring the
force into the field, a last attempt was made
to render Its einploj-mcnt unnecessary.
Three 'distinguished citizens wore appointed
Commissioners to bear to the "insurgent a
generaianinc.-ty for past offenses, on the sole
condition of future obedience. Their in
structions, draWh tip by Edmund Randolph,
Secretary of State, clearly stipulated that
the excise law must be executed as a pre
liminary to any arrangement; that process
against the ringleaders in the rebellion must
not. be obstructed, und thst the duties of
p794 must be paid, although nothing would
Dc exacted tor the toiiner J'i ars.
Meanwhile, tho insnfgents wore using
every means to extend the circle of disaffec
tion, and succeeded in drawing the neigh
boring counties of Virginia (largely engaged
in the dislilloiy interest,) into the rebellion.
The impression became general that the body
of 'the people were ready to resist tho Gov
ernment by force of arms, and many L-elived
that the resistance thus commenced would
spread through the Union, and bring about
a revolution. Those who see through a
rose-colored medium the fancied peace and
security, and universal popularity of "the
great and good Washington," have little
conception of the stormy times which, on
more than one occasion, beset his adminis
tration of public affairs. A great meeting
of insurgents was held at Parkinson's Ferry
where a liberty pole was erected, and on its
red flag floated the inscription, "Liberty
and ,in L'.ccisi! Xn Asylum for 'Jrnitors ntid
Cowttrtl.!'' A t this meeting twelve com
missioners were appointed to confer with
those sent by the President. On the 21st
day of August the commissioners on both
sides met at Pittsburgh. Alter a tedious
amount of palaver, and an interchange of
communications and counter communica
tions, now filling a hundred pages of print,
the conference separated, being unable tn
agree upon any basis of settlement, which
came within the terms of their instruc
tions. Meanwhile, the Federal Commission
ers were insulted and even attacked by tho
populace.
Hugh H. Braekenridge, the eccentric
Pittsburgh Judge, and theanthorof ''Mod
ern Chivalry," was conspicuous in bis warn
ings to the Federal authorities. He wrote
thu.al'ter urging delay on the part of the
Government:
"It will besaid, this insurrection can To
easily suppressed; il is but that of u part of
four counties, lie assured it is that of the
(rrenter itart. und I Ue Ibn..? Virginia counties
this side of the mountain, will full in. The
first measure, then, will be the reorganiza
tion of a new Goveriuin n!., comprehending
the three Virginia counties, and those of
Pennsylvania to the Westward, to what, ex
tent .1" know not. Should an attempt bo
made to suppress tiitne people, 1 am afraid
that the question will not be Whether you
will march to Pittsburgh, but wlirlhtr iin
will march to 'hiluiirlplii(.'' lirscketi
ridge's letter to Tench Cose, August K
179-1.
These implied threats of secession and
disunion, sound strangely from the pen of a
man who afterward denounced the "whisky
jnsurrecctioh," in no measured tonus. "It
is proved," says Hamilton, in a letter to
Washington, "that Braekenridge did not
subscribe until after the day, and that he
has been the worst ol all." Yet the crafty
llciuocratic politician contrived to be admit
ted to the confidence of tho commissioners,
and was made use of as a means of quell
ing the tumult of the people. Braekinriilge
himself, write-! af.erward: "I was received
by Hamilton with that countenance which a
man will have, when he sees a person with
regard to whom his humanity and sense of
justice struggles. lie would have him sav
ed, but was afraid be must be hanged."
His final appeal having failed, the Presi
dent determined to vindicate the authority
of the Government by the argument of last
resort, lie issued a third proclamation,
September 25, sciting forth his attempts to
pacify the excitement by mild measures, an d
their utter failure; declaring bis resolution
"to reduce the refractory to a due subordi
nation to the law;" exhorting all men to
"contemplate with abhorrence those crimes
which produce this military collision;" and
declaring that "the Government is set at
defiance, the contest being whether a small
portion of the United States shall dictate to
the wholo Union, and, at the expense of
those who desire peace, indulge a desperate
ambition." Tho militia were put in motion
'immediately. Governor Mifflin, of Penn
sylvania who had at first hesitated when
called on by Washington, now became zeal
ous in the war, and to save tho delay of a
dralt, he made a personal tour through the
eastern counties to secure volunteers, and
by the exercise of his extraordinary gifts of
popular eloqueneri, soon caused tho ranks to
be Hilled up. The New Jersey ami Penn
sylvania troops were to rendezvous at Bed
ford: those of Mayland and Virginia, at
Cumberland. Marshall relates, in his Life
of Washington, that some feeble attempts
were made to paralyze tho arm of the Gov
ernment by
"Declaring that the representatives of the
peoplo ought lo he assembled before a civil
war was commenced; and that the Pres
ident could not lowfully call forth the mili
tia of any other State, until actual experi
ment hud necertnincd the innulIlcieii' V of
that of Pennsylvania. But these ineidioue
suggestions were silenced by the general
souse of tho nation, which loudly and
strongly proclaimed that the Government
and laws must bo supported. Tho officer
displayed an unoxampled activity; and in
telligence from every quarter guvo full as
surance that, with rospoct to both Humbert
and time, the requisition of the President
would be punctually observed."
The President, in person, visited the di
visions of the army at Carlisle, Cumberland
and Bedford) and addressed the troops; but
being confident that the fbroe under arms
was adequate to overatre all opposition, he
left the Secretary of the Treasury (General
Hamilton), to accompany it, and returned
t.i Philadelphia, then the seat of the Feder
al Government, to attend to the public
business. From Cumberland and Bedford,
the army marched in two divisions, under
command of General Henry Leo, of .Revolu
tionary fame, then Governor of Virginia,
and lather of Kobert E. Lee, the rebel
General. The fjr.-t rebellion, undor our
Constitution, was thus to be quelled by the
father of the very man who was Comman
der-in-chief ot the insurgent armies, in the 1
last rebellion. Major General Morgan, so
distinguished in tho campaign of the Caro
lina, against Earl Comwallis, also com
manded a division. On the arrival of the
troops in the country of the insurgents, the
dissaffected did not venture to assemble in
trim. The greatness of the force prevent
ed the effusion of blondi
"All announces trepidation fltid Bubmin
sion," wrote Hamilton to Washington.
"Tho left w ing is to be posted between tho
Youghiogheny and Mononguhclu; the right
lH'lwefii Hilda's Kerry and i-reensbiirg. A
part of the troops will take a circuit by
Pitlsburg; for the more places they can ap
pear in w ithout the loss of time, the lietter,
The Commander-in-chief has concluded to
take hold of all who ar worth the trouble,
by tho military arm, and then to deliver
them over to the Judiciary. But il is ap
pnrem. that, for some time to comu, n nuliui
fy force in this country is indispensable,"
Hamilton's Works, vol. V., P. 47.
Under the wholesome infbienoo of milita
ry suasion, a change ot fooling was .soon
seen in the western counties. Bradford, aud
others of the moro violent insurgent.-, lied
the country to escape punishment, lie.
lutions of submission were passed, delin
quents were recommended to surrender lor
trial, and assurances were given that-tho
excise duties could be collected without dif
ficulty, if the troops were withdrawn. Tho
army crossed the Alleghenies in a heavy
rain up to their knees in mud, and not with
out severe suffering. Two of the inhabi
tants were killed and. aud this was the only
blood shed during the expedition. The
two wings of the army formed ajuuetion, at
Unioutuwn, and as they advanced into the
disaffected counties, tho rc-ustablishmeiit of
the authority of the law became complete.
Ix!C issued a proclamation, promising amnes
ty to all who had entitled themselves to it,
and calling upon all the people to take the
oath of allegiance to tho United States. At
tho same time a general arrest took place of
persons supposed to be criminally concern
ed. Judge Braekenridge was among those
bound over for trial, but instead of being
tried, he was used as a witness against tho
others.
The rebellion was put down, but a body
of 2,500 men remained through tho winter
encamped in the district. The excise wan
continued without opposition, and revenue
collected under it until the year 1 SCO, w hen
it was repealed.
And now came on the trial of the prison
ers, at Philadelphia. Unfortunately the
more guilty of tho insurgents had tied the
country, but live persons were fully indicted
for high treason for levying war against the
United States. These indictment were
tried in April, 1705, before the Grand Jury
of tho United States District Court of
Pennsylvania. Judges Peters and Peterson,
being on the bench. Tho accused were de
fended by William Lewis, a Philadelphia
lawyer, in largo practice, who had hereto
fore distinguished himself by the intrepidi
ty with wlpch he undertook the delense of
the royalists, at the close of the war. lie
was gifted with fine reasoning powers, and
vith much energy terseness of diction, His
popularity with the Quakers was unbound
ed, and he had-.aved many a loyalist friend,
who had hern guilty of disaffection to tho
revolut'onary cause, from a verdict of guil
ty. It is said that fjcwis glive the whiky
insurgents a plump opinion that their offen
se did not amount to treason, and that, if
permitted to have his own way, he would
clour them all. On tho other side, there
were pitted against Lewis, William 1'awle,
the United States District Attorney, a mutt
profound mid skillful advocate, and the au
thor of a treatise on tho Constitution, still
in high repute, and Attorney General Brad
ford. The trials continued several days,
causing much public interest, although the
escape of the chief culprits, and the entire
re-e.stablitiiinent of tho authority of the U.
S. in the disaffected district had materially
lessened their importance. One of the de
fendants was found, by the jury, not guilty,
being proved another person tbiln the one
indicted for levying wan Two others were
discharged upon the insufficiency of tho ev
idence, or other technial grounds, and two
Mitchell and Vigob were found guilty
of treason, The President, however, judg
ed it to be n proper occasion tof the eieritisfc
of Executive clemency, and aeeordirgly
pardoned both the criminals.
IHIlIjnry Commission T h e I r
HtKiory and Illt-gitimar) Sup
pression of tlic Oi'lgiuiil Proc
lamation Autltorixina; 'riiein
Sur t'Stl'iil l'rotritt by Ihe Ilrlt
isii dlovei'nmmt Against (he
Trial of IlrllisSi Subjects by
'lite it 1.
From tho New York World, May 18.
The first official act authorizing military
commissions to try civilians, was Secretary
Stanton's order of September, l tfi2, follow
ed by Mr Lincoln's proclamation ot the 24th
of that montV
This created Military Commissions, to try
civilians for certain specified ofTeflses, and
for "disloyal practices." There is no oth
er warrant for them, legislative or execu
tive, than this proclamation, and this proc
lamation specifically confines thorn, in time,
to the period ot war, which is over, and, in
purpose, to the necessity for suppressing
the rebellion, which is suppressed. This
may be seen by reference to the newspapers
of the day, or to McPherson's Political His
tory.
Strange to say, of all the proclamations
issued by the Executive, this is the only one
which is suppressed in tho authorized edi
tions of the statutes printed in Boston, by
Little & Brown. Nay; stranger still, when,
as we shall presently see, Secretary Seward's
attention was called to these Military Courts,
and he asked what authority existed for
them, in spito of the fact that he had at
tested the proclamation ot the 24th Septem
ber as Secretary of State, he did not cite it
as such authority for the Military Commis
sions, although it alono omuuios to confer
such authority it aloue of all the acts of
the Government, legislative or ex ecutive ;
but, instead thereof, he referred to another
proclamation of a year later (15th Septem
ber, J MX) which had and has nothing in
the world to do with Military Commis
sions, Why there was this suppression of an of
ficial document by the Secretary of State, or
why this reserve in nlleging its authority
when Military Commissions were called in
question, we do not pretend to guew.
Probably tho venerable Edward Bates, then
Mr. Lincolns' Attorney-blcneral, and now
the intrepid opponent of the radical Mis
souri Constitution, might enlighten the
public oil this point, for that proclamation
of Semptember 24, since overslaughed by
the Socretery of State and suppressed in the
official volume, not only assumed to author
ise Military Commissions hut to establish
martial lair, whereas Mr. Bates has since
published, in his letter to tho people of Mis
souri, the unqualified statements that "mar
tial law is no law at all." and that whoever
has attempted to establish martial law in
MiPouri is "a usurper." ,t
Executive ereotion of Military Commis
sionB is one thing. Executive suspension
of theiJ'Swsv)rp-is another thing. The
luttei merely prevents, in a specified emer
gency, civil tribunals from taking prisonttn
out of cxe,irie fcusiHy! But the former
adjudges and punishes thorn. We mora
than doubt whether the prerogative law
yers who asserted thij jsjwcr of the Piesi
deut as to the writ, concede hia absolute
power to create co .ru and use them -Iir ar
bitrary purpo-es. or. indeed, for any pur
pose. S.iola.sof it like der Lieber,"
sniatieie:s like (ioowin or Joseph Holt, may
think it within the scope of executive power,
but we are very sura Mr! Bimiey, uf Phila
delphia, does not.
Jet us trace the growth of this monstro
sity for which we are indebted to the inter
est taken in the subject by strangers, un
sworn to obedience to the cohstitutitm and
laws of the United States.
On tho 2:'d of January, ISM, Lord Ly
ons addressed a note to Secretary Sewranl
calling his attention to an older or,. Ueuetul
Dix, creating a military commission at New
Yoik to try civilians in Forts Warrennd
Lafayette, among whom w-te some Biitisli
subjects. "I ask." said his lordship, "00
what principles it has determined tb biiiig
the.-o cares before a Miltary Commission
rather than before the regular Cuiirtu of
law.",-' (Lord Lyons, it will be pieceivedj
diffeis Wiih the New Yoik Tinm, which
deems secret military trials "tlie regular
course of justice.") Socit-UTy Seward, Oil
February l, replied that he would make in
quiries at the War iq artimnt. iNow, id
view of the proclamation of September 24;
1 8i2, which lie had signed, this innocence
is odd, but we past it by. No answer came
and on the 10th of February, Lord Lyons
called in person, and 011 the 11th he wrote
urging a reply. "I have," said lie; "strong
reasens for deriring to obtain without delay,
answers to the questions I have asked, and
1 trust that you will excuse my Again ealliug
your attention to it;"
Thiw pressed, on the 12th of February,
Mr, Seward replies, sending a communica
tion from General Cxnby, Mying that the
prisoners were to be tried for violation of the
laws of war, and that "every facility of bV
feiiee should bo afforcd them, with the priv
ilege of counsel, witnesses, &c, &e, Still,
not a word about the proclamation of Sep-;
tember or anv authority of lew fof
the stipereeduro of the civil Courts by Mili
tmy Commissions. This answer, Lord Ly
ons sent to England, wheh'oe it was instant';
ly returned as utter unsatisfactory. On th
Kill or April, Lird Lyons writes a vary em
phatic note to Mr. Seward, from whioh w
make a significant extract, bhishing to think
that it was left to Englishmen thai to inter-'
rogate and thus to remonstrate :
"Her Majesty's i Government do not fa
gard the information colitfiiriej Iri Jiidr .rlotp
of the 12th of February, or I v. the paper in
closed in it, as sufficiently explicit, If New
York and Uosioii be under martial law, and
the ordinary forms of civil trial be suspend
ed jintversally'i and without exception or
distinct ion of persons, stiMeots of Her Ma-;
Jesty brought before the Military Otluui
f ion, are in the .same condition s ndtivo cit
izens, and Her Majesty's Government may
refrain from remonstrance on this p.irticu
ar subject. But 1 1 or Majesty ' Govern-,
merit conceive that this should be clearly
stated ; for if this be nnt the ease, and if Her
Majesty's subjects aro to have charges a
gainst them investigated by an exceptional
tribunal, and are not to he allowed tho pro
tection and salVgunul of the ordinary civil
trial when such protection and Hifcfuiuids
are slill open to United, Htati1 eittaens, the
fact, if it be so, may jtivj rise to a very
gtave and serioua Pofit lain. Her Majes
ty's (li Vcfhment liavej..the('fifljre, instructed
me to apply for a more explicit statement
npon this matter, and for a distinct a'tjswer
to the. questions whether martial law uni
versally prevails at, New York and Boston,'
nnd whether it suspends, for all persona, -qually
citizens an well as foreigners, tlia
right of heing tried before tha ordinary oi
il tribunals:" . ., i
Now, in th's es'ract ind these plain and
direct question, tb to is much matter for
meditation. We commend it to- the legfH
profession of this city, especially this square,
interrogation, addressed by a British Minis
tor to an American Secretary of State :
"Docs martial Jtitv ttriLvcfsailr prevail all
New York and Boston ?" .
To this note the Secretary, on the 20th,
returned characteristic and evasive answer;
no doubt coupled with a private assurance,
which has been verified, that no English
man should bo troubled, and referred Lord
Lyons, as the authority for all this, to the
proclamation of the 15th September;
ISOS, which promulgated the Legislative1
suspension of tho luxbtnt corpat, and doesi
not Say, a word, or venture to say a word
about edict of September 24, 1SB2, whioh
we repeat, has finee beeni Minprewed or
withheld from the aut honied edition of the
laws and proclamst'ot s ,
Here, so far as Lord Lyons was concerned
the matter dropped, and here, for the pre
ent, wo leave the matter, with a oonfessidrl
that the whole thing is to us A trofouna
mystery, which, perhaps, the Kmet wilt
have the goodness to explain, or tome other
loyal cotemporary, which believes English
men have rights on this continent that
Americans are bound not to expfot
A Ilnppy &e-unlon.
The numerous friends of our old editoridl1
eonfrere, Gem A. Banning Nor .on, of Texai
will be gratified to learn that he has just
been re-united to hia wife after a Ibri' ind!
painful separation caused by the great re
bellion. Mrs. N. with two of her youngest
children made the trip by carriage, wagon,
canal, gunboat, steamboat, ana railroad
cars, having been three months on the way;
and arrived just as the General was on the
point of embarking for Texas, But a few
days before, he had apprised us of his bar
ing procured material and wortmetl. fof
sliming the publication of his journal at the
capital of his Statu; and we uow learn that
as soon as his 'better half is fairly rested,
be will tako up tho line of march for hhr
home. Having notified the Foreman f nit',
ofiice (who also is a Union refugee) to stat.il
from New Orleans and as soon as the stars
and stripes wave over the capital at Austin,
tn commence re-Issuing the Southern In-
telljf cnoer," only changing the title l the1 .
"Union Intelligencer,'" he to day recb.ved tt
letter dated Bratoa Santiago, Texas, ad-'
vising ef his anival there m-rovte to Auik
tin. Gen. Norton has never relinquished
the thought of returning to his Texas home
and avowed that as his paper was the last;
advocate of the Union cause in . the Lone
Star State, it shall be the first to herald the
glad tidings of peace and Union; '
He was one of tha few tr. embers toet '
Texas Legislature voting against secession, .
fros at that time also Adjutant General of
tho State, (a wartn supporter of General'
Hotistrm, whose life' lie designs to publish,!;,
and editor Of the Union paper at the eapi"
tal. For his devotion .to the Union he wke!.,:
compelled (0 suffer-, and we know of tiongf
who has mode, greater ncrifices atfd mt ia
taiood bis intcgiity utid taorfj iryiffg tnW,
ounifctanees. In re'rurriiftg to Texas he will
resume the publication bt bimper .tad the
iiractice of his profession, iff thote 'whj
mve decasion to advertise, or wwh Bjplcy
Contin ued on btirtA fcitf e. J v
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