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the discovery of America by Columbus, in 1493. Titles, in law, whether international or municipal, are joint or several. The own er must own with others, or alone. We know no other class of titles. . - 'There exists a joint title, which has re solved itself into a joint occupancy. This technical precision in legal language is admi rable. A title resolving itself into something else ! Titles do not resolve themselves into anything but annihilation. If not used, (hey may lapse, or be barred by limitation, or, in other words, expire; and this is the only species of resolution which they my reach of themselves. Nor does this apply to na tional title or territory, for nations never die, and are- not barred of their rights by statutes of limitation. In the case of discovery, the title so acquired must be used within a rea sonable time. But when once used, it is permanent, and defeasible only by conquest or cession. Has the American title to Ore gon resolved itself into anything less than a title? The country discovered by the Spa niards was occupied within a reasonable time, ajjd so was that discovered by Americans; and the title which the Americans Acquired by discovery has thus become parmanent by occupation, atid that which they acquired by cession, is permanent against every thing but conauest or cession. Hence tbe American title, once ssveral, has resolved itself into neither joint title, nor anything loss lhau joint title. In despite of any self-resolution, it still remains a several title. Has it been resolved into anything else, by any act of the owner? We have already said that it "has not. Therefore the British have no joint title in Oregon, either by self-resolution, of the American title, or by the act of its owners. ' But if this English joint title has resolved itself into a joint occupancy, it has ceased to be a joint title; and therefore this learned journal contradicts itself in saying that an Enelish joint title still exists. Mere occu pancy or possession may not give any title, for it may be adverse to the party possessing the title, or it may be under some stipulation which expressly excludes title from the party permitted to occupy. This last is prcc;sely the species of occupation which we have granted to the English by treaty; an occupa tion expressly saving our title. ' While the Tax Bill of last session was pending in the Senate, a proposition was adoDted. levvinc a tax on all household furni ture, gold and silver, jewelry, &c, belonging to any person or firm, amounting, in the ag gregate, to four hundred dollars, in uie House of Representatives, this amendment to Kelley's Tax Bill, so just in itself, was stricken out, and another substituted, doclar- . r i . ing that tne turnilure 01 every aescripuon used in a boarding house, tavern or hoti I, except the kitchen and dining room furni ture necessary for the family, shall be taken aod deemed as stock in trade, aad taxed ac cordingly. Under this amendment, the scanty furniture of a tavern or boarding house is Subject to taxation, while that of the banker, with his silver plate and rich carpets his costlv sideboards and luxurious sofas his rich jewelry, &c, though they may amount to as many thousands as the furniture of the boaiding house keeper does to tens, yet it is exempt from taxation. Why this is so what justice is in it and what excuse can be gi ven for such partial and unjust legislation are matters which the federal members of the Legislature must answer. CnuRCnES ix Newt York. We gather from Doggott's City Directory from this year, that there are 166 churches and places of public worship in this city of which 33 are Protestant Episcopal, 30 Presbyterian, 24 Methodist Episcopal, 22 Baptist, 10 Roman Catholic, 15 Dutch Reformed, 8 Jewish, 8 African, 5 Congregational, 5 As sociate Reformed Presbyterian, 1 Universalis!, 4 French, 3 Lutheran, 5 Reformed Presby terian, 2 Unitarian, 2 Welsh, 1 Methodist Protestant, 17 miscellaneous. Connected with the various congregations are 39 moral and religious societies. There are 75 Daily and Weekly papers published in the city, and 48 Monthlies and other periodicals. N. Y. News. ' - " u More Beauties of the Tariff System. The Merrimack Manufacturing Company have nrade an extra dividend of 10 per cent, out of their surplus profits, besides, reserviug a sufficient sum to build a new mill, which will be the largest in Lowell. Exchange paper. . ... It has been but a few days since we an nounced that the Merimack Manufacturing Company had divided 20 percent, upon their capital stock for the last year, and now we hear that, during the same year, they divide 10 per cent, additional out of their surplus profits, reserving sufficient to build a new mill, which will be the largest in Lowell. The capital stock of the company is two millions of dollars, and the amount made on the capi tal invested for the past year will, we should think, range between seven hundred thou sand and a million of dollars. This is quite a pretty little sum to be poured into the pockets of a few men, in one year, by means of n unequal tariff, which unjustly taxes the whole west so 6s. to enable a few eastern manufacturers 16 amass princelyfortunes. vino atawmami-- The " baseless fabric" of Alfred Kel- ley. -Under the bank law of last winter, not one cent of Specie is required to 'make the billholder safe. Well may Follet's Exchange Bank of this city "sell its gold and silver daily," for it can have no use for such vulgar stuff, when the law allows them to issue three hundred thousand dollars in paper, without requiring them to keep on hand a single dollar to redeem it! When pay day comes, these baseless banks, unlike the ' baseless fabric of a vision," will leave a wreck behind a wreck to the hopes of all silly enough, to trust them. Ohio Statesman. Texas. The welcome which is extondod to Texas, by the Democracy of the country, on the ocensiou of her admission to the Union, is every where of the most ardent kind. When the intelligences reached BufT.ilo, a spontaneous meeting of the Democracy of that city took place at the Uourt House, ii was one of the largest and most enthusiastic mootings ever held there. ' The vast assem blage seemed to be animated by one spirit of patriotism. The resolutions which oreatbe the true spirit of Democracy, were received with acclamation. The meeting was ad dressed by Messrs. W. L. G. Smith, G. W. Clinton, and II. W. Rogers, with marked effort. The importance of the step of an nexation to our country in either contingency, ot war or peace, was eloquently portrayed. Previous to the organization ot the meeting in the Conrt House, 30 guns were fired in tin Park. It was snon found that the Court House was too small for the crowd assembled, and it adjourned into the Park. FrorrTme series of resolutions adopted ou the occasion) we Select the following as a sample ot the spirit which pervades the whole: Resolved, That we rejoice in this brilliant triumph of the cause of humanity, this victory of honest diplomacy over the intrigues of Luropeitn powers, and the artifices ot their servants; that the general result has illus trated the Texan character as above the reach of corruption and contemning menaces Texas has obeyed the voice of honor and the dictates of that enlarged policy which seeks the good of the world, and we take her to our bosom as worthy of our confidence . and love, and declare that nought shall separate us, for by our union with her, we are one and indivisible, now and forever. N. Y. jews, Drowned. A man by the name of Milton Cogswell, of Ind pendpnee in his comity, was drowned, on last 1 uesday night, in Marcel lus's lock, about four miles south of this place. It appears that in crossing the ba lance beam ho made a misstep and Ml into the lock, and 'before assistance could be given him life was extinct. Defiance Demo crat. ;.. O-Just as we predicted in our last, the onlv democratic lock-tender on the Wanasn and Erie Canal has been discharged; and for no other reason under Heaven than be cause ho is a democrat. This, wo are told, is not done beciusa the Engineer (who has the dispensing of these small crums) has aught against the present lock-tender; out because, as he says, the leaders of the parly demand the dismissal of every democrat, no matter how honest and faithful he may be Defiance Democrat. The rumored resignation. J he rumor of the resignation of Mr. Buchanan, Secre tary of State, turns out to have been only idle gossip. The Union, in contradicting it, savs; "No such report as the above has ever circulated in this city of rumors, there is not a shadow of truth in it. Mr. Buchanan has not res'gned, nor has he talked or thought of resigning; nor has any member of the ca binet. The reason assigned, too, tor his restg nation, is as fabulous as the report itself. There is no difference of opinion in the cabi net on the Oregon question. Thero never was a more harmoninus cabinet, and there is as little variety of opinion on all the great questious which come before the present cabinet, as in any oj its predecessors, vve are fully warranted in making this statement in the most authentic and authoritative man ner. ' THE NATIONAL TREASURY. Here is a portion of it. The rest is a round and about. Tho U. S. Treasurer's " weekly statement" of the amount of pub lic money on deposile on the dUtn uit., snows the folio wins: Merchants' Bank, Bostou, $1,079,129 State, New York, 291,546 Bank of Commerce, IN. Y.- VM,VZ) Mechanics', N. Y. 280,845 American. N. Y. 214,167 Merchants', N. Y. Philadelphia Bank Commerce. Philadelphia, U. S. Mint, Philedelphia, Chesapeake, Baltimore, Bank of Baltimore, Bank of Washington, D. C. 501,359 195,752 51,946 294,960 94,000 81,045 135,247 540,469 540,488 43(5,279 392,982 461,790 Metropolis, D. C. Patriotic, D. C.. Corcoran &. Riggs, D. C. Bank of Louisiana, N. (). Bank of Missouri, St. Louis. The total amonut in deposite with differ ent institutions and. individuals amounts to nearly $11,000,000. Daniel Wehsteh. It is said, says the N.York True Sun, that Diniel Websler, af ter having become eligible by citizenship, will be sent, if posible, by the whigs of this city, to the State Convention. Mr. Van Bu- ren will also be a member, and it is probable the contest for the presidency will be be tween the friends of those two eminent statesmen. False Pkophets. Keep it before the people, that the Whigs, before the election declared " that if James K. Polk was elect ed, the country would bo ruined and the people made beggars." Notwithstanding all this, business is unusually flourishing in the large cities, in fact every where, and the New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore pi pers speak of the present season as the greatest ever witnessed in that respect.- Query. Is this the ruin the Whigs feared. Delaware Gas. Traveling in 1845. A citizen of Indi nnopolis went to England and Wales, staid there four weeks, and returned home, having been absent about eleven weeks. All community of property is the grave of maiviauai i merry.-uean. KALIDA VENTURE. JAMES MACKENZIE, EDITOR. TUESDAY, JITLV S9.1S4J. DEMOCRATS ! KEEP IT IN MIND, That "An Act creating the State D ink, and other vanning ;omp:i iiiesl socomnlcx In its provisions, so contradictory in Us dilleri'nt pails, so destructive or our repnMienn in stitutions, so ruinous to liberty, mid so void of Justice A equity SHOULD BE REPEALED." - The Convention. The County Convention comes oft on the 9th of next month, and we hope oar Democratic friends will see that it is fully represented. There are, we lenrn, quite a num fier of candidates for some of the offices to be supplied, end We hope all will come prepared in Lfi p!rit of conciliation to go for the nominees of llie lOnVeullOn Willi UIO opwn Dim, .unaiuuii.; which has thus far made us invincible. We, in Putnam, have nothing to fear, but it becomes us not to relax that vigilance which is the price of liberty. And in other counties where our oppo nents are more equal, the most strenuous eflbrts are required. Only union, the sacrifice of minor preferences for the general good, and an honest zeal for our cause can make us permanently suc cessful. Those who care nothing about politics in county matters are apt to be equally loose upon State nominations. We are in the minority in the State and require the strictest organization to re gain the ascendancy. The Britannia has arrived at Boston bringing English dates to the 4th inst. Tho passage of the Mnynooth Bill and the prospect of good crops is all the news of any importance. - War with Mexico. The news we publish to day show that there exists a virtual state of war betwen Mexico and this country. With almost any other notion this would ensure actual hostili ties; with Mexico it is very doubtful whether any further proceedings will ba had. (7- It will be observed that the Road Meeting to be held at Myers' Mill has been put off till the I6th inst., on account of the County Convention. The appoiotmcnt of the Convention on the same day was an oversight. We hope that the friends of the road will give information of the change. Independence. Our pleasant f iend Davison, of the Lima Reporter, very kindly condoles with us that if we are " not a gono coon, we aro certainly a doomed democrat," because of what he is pleas ed to call our " independence" in permitting an article to appear in our paper, censuring the time serving of the State Convention held at Columbus on the 4th instant. We beg leave to assure mm that this is quite a mistake, there is no independ ence in the case worth speaking of; the people here are sound hard money democrats, and we have only echoed their sentiments. Now just let a half-and-half democrat come out this way. start a paper, preach soft money notions, Wenster diplo- macy, Oregon surrender, &c. and he would really be independent. Nevertheless, we are inclined to believe that it would be a profitless speculation. Probably, however, the Reporter measures our independence by the Whig standard; and, if so, we are not at all surprised that he gave us credit for such an amount beyond our deserts. For the Kallda Venture. The RoAns. Mr. Editor.' I am happy to see by yourpaper, that movement is malting towards pfloecing an improvement in the roads of our county. We have heretofore been singularly neg ligent of our own true interests in this particular The canal, which is now in operation, will bo of little use to our county, unless we have roads to get to it. Now is the time for efficient and united action. Let all that portion ot the citizens oi tne Blanchard, Auglaize, and Ottawa valloys inter ested put their shoulders to the wheel, and each contribute his mite, and a very passable road can soon be made from Myers1 Mill to the Canal and thus secure to the farmers and merchants of the Country named an accessible market. I hope, Mr. Editor, that public attention will be called to this matter, and that great benefit will result to that large portion of our county interested, from the proposed meeting. A FARMER. July 15, 1045. 07 The Lima Argus has opened its eyes after a short but refreshing sleep, and the Editor begins to lay round him is if he had awoke from a nightmare in which he had dreamed that he had fallen from some dizzy height of expectation. We hope the Argus may continue awake long enough to do the cause some service. The postmaster at Rome Georgia, has been ar rested on the charge of robbing the mail. His depredations have been very extensive, consider ing tho short time he has been in office. He was appointed by the new Administration. Whig Pa per. We see this statement contradicted in the Southern papers, which state that he received his official appointment prior to the 4th of March 1845. It was a result of the election of " Tipe canoe and Tyler too." Aiwv Movements. The N. O. Picayuue of the 11th inst. siys: Ten companies of the dti U. S. lnfunfry, 500 men in all, arrived yesterday from Red River on board the steamboats De Soto and Cole Joyeuse. They ore under the command of Col. Hitch cock, and the barracks being already full bf troops we understand quarters havp been taken for them at the Lower Cotton Press. In a short time they will all be on their way to Texas. Gen. Taylor has not yet arrived here, but will probably bo down in tho course of a week. Fahmer's and Mechanic's Bank. The bills of this Michigan ragmUl9.ro ajjain afloat at par. Wo understand that the institution has been recusitated by adding $150,000 to its capital slock. (r Goethe said of Byron thtt he was inspired by the genius of pain, - THE PET BANK SYSTEM. , This system, thanks to Whig folly, has been in practice since 1840. OoT opponents, careless of their inability to supply their favorite scheme for safe keeping and disbursement of the public rev enue, and not quite calmed from tho feverish con test, legislated as they had electioneered, blindly for party, and forgot their country, repealed the Independent Treasury Law, and left to that man, John Tyler, (the most corrupt of politicians, if we aro to behove Whig denunciations,) the direction and deposit of more thaij ONE HUNDRED MIL. LIONS OF DOLLARS ! The present Democratic Administration is burdened with this pernicious system, for which it is not to blame; but if it re mains in existence after the next session of Con gress, and the Democracy conscientiously do not their utmost to effect a change, they will then become justly censurable. But on this point our party is pledged. We have nothing to fear ; a a party we have ever been willing to make pledges to the people, and equally prompt to redeem them when made. And it is an unquestionable fact that the restoration of the Independent Treasury was an issue presented to the people of the Union, and decided in the affirmative by the election of Mr. Polk to the situation of Chief Magistrate. The Convention, held at Baltimore, which nomin ated him for this distinguished station, in the res. elutions declaratory of the principles of the party. have the following: "That the sejmration of the moneys of the government from banking institutions is in dispensable for the safely of the funds of the government ana the rights of the people. Upon this bold and distinct issue the decision was made. No intelligent man gave his vote in the contest of last year, no matter what might be his ruling motive, but knew that the success or defeat of the Independent Treasury was affected by it; and, therefore, the Representatives of the people have now no other duty to perform than to carry out the will of their constituents by scpa rating and purging tiie government from connec tion with Banks and dependence on them in sea sons of difficulty. During the last war halfof the cost of its maintenance was paid to bonks, for which not one cent of benefit was received In peace or in war, in prosperity or difficulty, bank corruptions cannot be enumerated, their pollutions penetrate, like poison, every vein and artery of society, benumbing all healthy action, and slowly maturing tho elements of decay; for if ever America falls from liberty into despotism, banks and banking will bo found to have sapped the honesty and undermined the manly virtues. which yet, thank God! mark the character of the mass of our people. Banks first purchased the foe simple of the souls of venal conductors of the press; they were the first to buy Congress men and statesmen like cattle in the market, and with these traitor-mercenaries openly engage in a contest against popular power, defy the laws, and endeavor to substitute the rule of mammon for the government of liberty. That they have done so is matter of history, and is a warning against their having any further opportunity to use the people's money to seduce the public scr vants. Our people have not forgotten how tho deposit banks failed in the revulsion of 1837-8, involving the government in the consequences of commcr ciul disaster. Their liability to be influenced by foreign convulsions, and the facilities which they afford for draining the specie from the country by foreign capitalists, mixing our interests up with the schemes of European cupidity, prove their unworthincss to'remain the fiscal agents of a Democratic Republican Government. We muko the following extract from the money article of the New York Herald, a Whig paper, and not likely to represent bankers disadvantag eous. The power now lodged in tho hands of the Secretary of the Treasury is dangerous in the possession of any man bo he ever so pure, it ought not to exist a moment longer than till a better system can be substituted; and the nearer any system brings the revenue under popular con trol, the more firmly will it be adhered to by tbe people. After stating that the Secretary wiil soon com plete his arrangements for tho safe kee ping of the Public Moneys, and will choose " more itte de positories," (the Bank of Woosler?) the article proceeds: "Reforms in the Government deposit sys tem have been called for, and will even at this late day be attended with many advan tages. , Fortunately the Government has not lost anything recently by the explosion of any 6f the depositories, as the times have been prosperous, and the local banks have not been subject to any derangement in com mercial affairs, Had there been any revul sion in money matters, and the banks been serious sufferers by the insolvency of their debtors, we should not have such a favorable report to make, and the government would not only have been heavy sufferers, but its opponents would have made politic. il capital out of the errors of tho administration, in not providing for the security ,of the public rnoney. 1 lie secretary is now anticipating lie approach ot a revolution in mercantile matters, and intends plucing the Govern metit. deposits in places, upon turms, cwt- ring at all times and under all circumstan ces, their safely and prompt disbursement? bo long as times are good, and commercial affairs remain in a prosperous condition, the banks may continue sound and solvent, and tho Government deposits comparatively safe, hut the first unfavorable change in the times, the first black cloud that appears in l ho com mercial horizon, endangers their safety, and creates fears and forebodings in the minds of those responsible to the peoplo for the preservation ot the public moneys. I he inmense speculalions, extended credits, and the general bankruptcy of tho commercial classes in 1837, woro the causes of tho de falcations of Government deposit banks at that time, and the same causes would load lo the same resulis-ns'-iin. The Secretary' of the Treasury has no doubt before hjm all the facts and circumstances of the last com mercial revulsion,' and the position of the Government, growing out of tho bad policy pursued by tho admiuistration of tint peri od, and intends placing the deposits beyond any of the dangers then experienced, or the losses realized. We learn that no distinc tion will be made between individuals and corporate institutions in the selection of de positories; that where it may bo necessary to employ private bankers as depositories, it will be done upon the necessary security being deposited with the Secretary, and it is possible that the number of private deposit ories may bo increased to the exclusion of public institutions. The deposits in the hands of private bankers would be more equally distributed among the commercial classes, and the public would not feel any inconvenience in the accumulation of a sur plus roveinie, as it would under the judicious management that invariably characterizes" in dividual enterprise, be returned again to the channels of trade from whence it came, and be employed in business the same as though it h id never been withdrawn ; while on the other hand, the Government deposits in the banks are monopolized principally by a few of the directors, and are employed directly or in directly by them in stock speculations, or some oilier speculation of the day, keeping vast amounts out of the regular channels of business, creating an unnatural, fictitious s'.ato of things, and checking the legilirnato operations of trade. When not employed by these directors' in stock and other specu lations, they -are used by them in what ever branch of business they are engaged in; and the surplus revenue of the Govern ment, which is drawn from the resources of a thousand merchants, is monopolized by a small band of bank directors, for their indi vidual aggrandisement. The-Secretary of the Treasury must be aware of these things, from tho efforts made by the banks of this and other cities to secure as large a portion of the deposits as possible, and the jealousy that exists between these institutions upon this point, and we trust his knowledge of these facts will influence him in his selec tion of depositories in the principal cities iu the Union." Warlike Names. The Charleston Mercury censures the bad taste of using the terms of the bnitlc-field for the contest of the ballot-box. It says: Among the men of former times, hunting was termed the image of war" especially tho pursuit of wild bears, lions and other ferocious beasts. It had some claim to the distinction. It combined violent exercise, personal peril, the submission to privation and tho distinctions, of success, skill and courage. In our day there is enough said about " campaigns," "battles," "victories," 'defeats," "glory," and all that, to make a stranger think we were engaged incessantly in the business of knocking each other's brains out that a bloody and desolating ci vil war was waged from year's end to year's end. What sort of fight and what sort of victory it is, we need not explain. But tho dialect is perfectly devilish, and its use is, we are persuaded, of most demoralizing con sequence. Thoso of the opposite party we call the " enemy;" whcu we put them out of oflice, we call them the " vanquished" and contrary to the laws of modern war, we proceed to treat them as criminals. Dis missing them from office is known by the terms, "slaughtering," " gullotining," "cut ting off heads," and similar bloody-minded phrases. We believe it is the French philosopher, M. Cousin, who says that all the wars which have hitherto decimated mankind have been to secure tho conquest of some truth over some error; and the political and moral warfare in which we aro engaged is most undoubtedly the conflict of truth against false opinions. Perhaps, if the Mercury had taken another view of the subject it might have concluded that the familiar use of thesa terms is but an evidence of the decline of the martial spirit, the consequence of increasing in telligence. It certainly is no indication of violent feeling; it merely shews that if swords have not been beaten into ploughshares, the military nom enclature has undergone a metamorphosis fully as strange. Battles are now become elections; ballots, " those paper pellets of the brain" supply the place of sword, catridgc, and grape; the en signs of party warfare is, on the one side a "roos ter" rampant, on the other a 'coon pendant. Al ready our presidential candidates are described as "chiefs;" next we expect speeches will be called " bulletins;" and great leaders such as Cal houn and Webster, " monster guns;" Cabinet officers and Congressmen, he styled " heavy ord nance;" shifting poliiicians the " flying artillery" and custom house officers, marshals, district at tornies, postmasters, Ate. Ate. " the riflemen;" while the higher grade of State officers might be named the " heavy cavalry," and the lesser dig nitaries the " light dragoons." Party hacks should justly be called "cappers and miners," and the people at large the " infantry," as they bear the shock of battle. There is a class we are at a loss to designate, and yet are too important to be omitted we mean editors the "forlorn hope" would most truly describe their duty in our cam paigns: a front place in the conflict, plenty of knocks, wounds and bruises, but none of tho spoils of victory." J In truth these martial words do not call up in the minds of the people the images of blood and massacre which is their true interpretation ; their use is innocent if the taste is questionable. Tlia n-inlr of tho Mntrnnntia n Wool ton City, has declared a dividend of 3 per cent, out of the surplus profits for the last six months, which will be paid to the stock holders on uud afier the 3d of July.---N. Y, tribune. - The B ink of the Metropolis has Govern ment funds on deposit to the amount of $540,469, and this it has had for full six . months without compensation for the use of it. No wonder banks can share "surplus prOfitS." , - ' FiitE at Rochester. A fire broke out in Rochester, N. Y.,on the 13th instant, which , destroyed from twenty to twenty five stores, $ shops, and dwellings, before U was got under., ; Estimated loss $du,uuu , , -i-