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FARMERS CALLED TO COTTON MEETING Sulligent, October 29.—(Special.)—The fol lowing call of President C. S. Barrett of the National Farmers’ union, supplement ed by call from State President W. A. Morris has been called. Union City, Ga., October 14, 1906. The national board of directors of the farmers' union, all presidents, and repre sentatives from all county, parish and local unions in the cotton belt, are hereby called to meet in New Orleans Novem ber 11, 1908. An executive session will be held on that day, and all southern people who are willing to help put up the price of cotton are requested to meet with the union on the 12th. C. S. BARRETT, President Farmers’ Union. We want to impress upon all members of the union in Alabama the importance of this meeting and the necessity of every local sending a representative, and every county sending as many as pos sible to the meeting on the 11th, and for all who are willing to aid in putting the price of cotton to a price above the cost ©f production, be at the general meeting on the 12th. The business men of Alabama will have an excellent opportunity to show their interest in the welfare of the farmer by attending this meeting and helping in this great effort. W. A. MORRIS. President. T. F. JOHNSON, See.-Treas. Football at Anniston. Anniston, October 29.—(Special.)—The football team of the Ninth District Ag ricultural school a I Bicuntsvllle will en gage the ele ven of the Alabama Presby terian college, ai the baseball park Satur day afternoon. The grme will stut promptly at 3 o'clock. Both teams are in flue’ fettle and one of the most interesting contests ever wUneceed here is promised. Lon Ncij.ii. well V.iowr and popular in Anniston, is the coach of the Blountsville team, and the people will be anxious to know' whnt kind of an aggregation ha hts golti n together this season. SOLD ONLY BY • * Now lOlfi THIRD At JLSHO AVE. SHIRLEY BRAGG TAKES OWN LIFE IN MONTGOMERY Dead Body Is Found By Wife In Their Home On Perry Street - H DEATH IS A SHOCK TO THE STATE OF ALABAMA — Had Just Told Wife That He Felt Un usually Well—Had Been III For Some Time—Was Useful Officer of the State. Montgomery, October 29.—(Special.)—Dr. Shirley Bragg, state jail and cotton mill Inspector, took his own life at his home, No. 814 South Perry street, about 8 o'clock this morning. The means of death was a 38 calibre revolver. The bullet evidently entered at the mouth, as there is only one hole, Just back of the left ear. It Is thought by some that this hole might have been made from the outside, and the theory is advanced that after all the shot may have been the result of an accident, as it wrould have been rather unlikely for him to have reached so far back when the temple ^as In easy ac cess. No note or letter or word of any kind was left. Mrs. Bragg found him across the bed with life extinct shortly after he had spoken of feeling exceptionally wmll. She had not heard the shot, nor had any of the people about the house. Blood was flowing from the wound in the head and the body was yet warm. She gave the alarm and Dr. Robert Goldthwaite was called to the house. In a short time the residence was Ailed with friends of the family and the news had spread sorrow about the city, where he was loved as few men have been loved in the com munity. Was Feeling Well. When he arose this morning Dr. Bragg said to his wife that he was feeling ex ceptionally well. He made a Are in the sitting room and ordered his buggy to go to the capitol. Mrs. Bragg went into the kitchen to prepare him breakfast, both being cheerful and encouraged over the condition of the doctor, who had been ill for a long time. Mrs. Brugg heard nothing of the doc tor, and when she had finished his meal called him. Getting no response, she went Into the dining room in search of him. From there she continued looking to the bathroom, her own bedroom gand then to a room just off the last, where he was discovered dead, blood running over the bedding. The shock was awful, no report of the pistol being heard and no such tragedy being- for the moment expected, as the dead man had been feeling well and much more cheerful for several days. Friends Called In. Friends gathered at once to offer aid and to console the weeping widow. The body was tenderly laid out and arrange ments made to let his relatives know of the sad end. Mrs. Penrudducke, his daughter, In Birmingham, and her hus band, were Informed by wire, as were his brothers. John B. Bragg of Birming ham and William B. Bragg of Fort De posit, and his sisters, Mrs. H. C. Parker and Mrs. B. B. Beers of Greenville. Dr. Bragg came home from Birmingham last Saturday, where he had been for three weeks with his daughter. Before that time he had spent several weeks in Philadelphia in search of relief from a Berioua, nervous trouble, going from there to Atlantic City and thence to Hot Springs, Va. He believed that he was very much better, and was looking forward to a busy winter in his work as Jail in spector of the state. He spent a part of Monday in his office going over the books with Chief Clerk Adams, and was laying out his work for the rest "of the year. No arrangements have yet been made for the funeral. This will be delayed until it is known when his relatives can be here. It Is also thought that possi bly Governor Comer will try to get back for the funeral, he being at tills time hunting in Arkansas. Had Useful Life. Few in Alabama have so Impressed themselves upon its citixenship as Dr. Shirley Brag*. Since he came to Mont gomery in 1896 he has been a man of state-wide prominence, even though he did not hold public office until March, 1901, when by appointment of Governor Samford he became physician Inspector of the state convict board. It was here that his talents as a sanitary expert, as well as a scientific practitioner, became available for the good of, the state. About this time the convict department was emerging from the old time con tract plan to the direct service plan, and it fell to the lot of Dr. Bragg to work out the health problems. The fact that from a high death rate he reduced the per cent of fatalities to less than 3 per cent Indicates that he was not only vig orous and active but Intelligently so. A hospital for the treatment of seriously 111 patients was set up at Wetumpka, where many a poor prisoner was pulled from almost certain death to health and ac tivity. Promoted By Jelks. When, in October, 1905. Governor Jelks made Judge J. M. Carmichael state audi tor he advanced Dr. Bragg to the head of the convict department, where, with the general knowledge of the work already acquired he became .for the rest of the term one of the most effective men in the service of the state and humanity. Ho made It a point to Inveigh against dirty jails and said on one occasion that the state would he much more humane if it staked prisoners out to the dangers of the elements than to put them In the average prisons. His work for cleaner jails was effective in the passage by the legislature of 1907 of a bill providing for a stale Jail and mill inspector, and hardly had lie signed the bill before Governor Comer appointed Dr. Bragg to the place. "He Is the best man in Alabama for the place," said the governor shortly after signing the order of appointment. As he took up the work the doctor saw to It that the Jails were kept clean and sanitary and he even went so far as to tell the sheriff of Jef ferson county that If more room and bet ter accommodations was not provided ho would take the prisoners away. Born In Lowndes. Dr. Bragg was born In Lowndes county, Alabama, November 3, 1853, the son of John Bragg and Mary Frances Hail Bragg. His father was a brother of Gen. Bmaxton Bragg. Educated at dprlfig lilll and the Alabama Medical college, Dr. Shirley Bragg, after taking hlB medi cal degree In 1875, went to the Atlanta Medical college as one of the professors. In 1876 he returned to Lowndes county, where he practiced until March, 1896. when he moved to Montgomery. After coming to Montgomery Dr. Bragg took a leading part in the affairs of the city, became active m the Episcopal church and secret orders and was aoon a man fully in accord with the progress of the times. In Lowndes county he had. bean, health SELMA WILL HAVE FAIR AND RACING Opens November 10 for Five Days GOOD ROADS ENTHUSIASM People of Selma and Dallas County Want Pike Road to Join That and Autauga Counties—A Meet ing Today. Selma, October 29.—(Special.)—After all Selma will have a fair and race meet. The directors of the Central Alabama Fair association held a meet ing yesterday and decided to put on a fair and race meet beginning Tuesday, November 10, and continue for five days. 0 A number of harness horse owners who have been on the grand and south ern circuit did not go to Macon, Ga., from Montgomery and expressed a de sire to come to Selma. The fair direc tors were communicated with and the action yesterday is the result. Telegrams have been sent asking the railroads to put on the excursion rates that had been agreed upon for October 20-31 and steps will be taken at once to advertise the qvent as widely as possible. Those horsemen who went to Macon will come here immediately upon the close of the fair in that city and it is expected that Selma will, after all, have an excellent exhibition. Good Roads for Dallas. This county is aroused for good roads as never before. At the meeting of the Commercial and Industrial association held last night the greatest enthusiasm was manifested over the project to build a turnpike from Selma to about the center of Autauga county. The people of Autauga county are also aroused over the subject and at the meeting to be held at Ivy Creek church Friday it is expected that the final steps will be taken toward get ting the county commissioners to build the eight miles of road to the foot of the hill one mile from Mujberry creek bridge. The citizens of Selma will build the one mile of road from the bridge to the foot of the hill at a cost of about $1000, clay and gravel to be furnished by Autauga county. Dr. W. C. Phillips, county commissioner in charge of the roads in the fork district of Dallas county, stated at the meeting held last night that he would commence work about January 1 on the road to Mul berry creek bridge and would *"*ep the road crew under his direction on the road during the entire w’inter. NEWS OF ALICEVILLE. Work on New Cotton Oil Mill Is Be ing Pushed. Aliceville, October 29.—(Special.)—The Ladies’ Aid society of Carrollton held a union meeting last week to which ail societies of the adjoining section were invited. Quite a large attendance was present. The Aliceville and Pleasant | Ridge delegations chartered a special train and carried quite a number of mem bers and visitors. E. Cahns of Meridian, Miss., was here yesterday and reviewed the oil mill situa tion and made final arrangements for the application for charter. He states that the work will be completed as soon as practicable. Seed continues to pour into the seed house, and it is believed that there will be enough on hand when the machinery is installed to run considerably longer than was at first contemplated. Arrangements have been made for the purchasing of a lot of seed along the line of the A. T. & N. railroad south of here, and other lots to be had in the various interior points will add considerably to the output for this season Mrs. R. B. Somerville left Monday for St. Vincent Hospital where she will un dergo an operation. She was accom panied by her husband. The proposed bank has been organized at Cochrane with A. J. Staub as cashier, and the work on the building has al ready been started. The contract was let to the Aliceville Lumber company, and the work Is being rapidly pushed. Vicksburg Memorial Planned. Washington, October 29.—Secretaries Wright and Metcalf have approved a site and design for a naval memorial in Vicks burg National Military park and Con gress, which authorized the selection last May, will be asked at the next session to appropriate $200,000 for the project, that I being the maxium contemplated by Con gress. The memorial design is for a granite obelick 202 feet high, with four bronze statues of heroic size at the base and four descriptive tablets on granite wing pedestals. The statues will repre sent the famous naval squadron com manders, Farragut, Porter, Foote and Davis. Will Investigate Charges. Honolulu, October 29.—William R. Bar ra, special assistant attorney of the de partment of justice at Washington, is expected to arrive here on November 2 to investigate the charges which have been preferred against United States At torney Brackens. offioer and was soon called to the same duty in Montgomery. In this service he acquired the rudiments of experience that in later years made him one of the best known scientists in the south. Dr. Bragg was married February 7. 1878, to Miss Isabella Norvelle Murray, a member of a South Carolina family, who survives him. Gloom In State House. The death of Dr. Shirley Bragg, which took place in such a tragic way at nis home on Perry street today, has cast a gloom over the state house and not a man there but who is walking easy and carrying a sad face, for he was a greatly beloved man by all who had the good fortune to know him well. He had in a modest way gone in and out before the hosts of the state, and not one but had at times been the recipient of his atten tion. “I loved Dr. Bragg as I did few men,” said Leon McQord, secretary of the su preme court, this afternoon. ‘‘He was ever kind and watchful of the interests of others. He was In my office yesterday and talked of his trip west, of ills health and his great suffering at times with the nervous malady of which he was a victim. He said that at times he suf fered so that he could not tell what lie was doing. 1 have seen him suffer until 1 felt that I would have given anything to have aided him. He was a great help to the state and the people can ill afford to lose him now.” It was the same story all over the building. Men were eager to hear the details of his end and to know just what he said or did beforehand to indicate his intention. When told that he left no note or word there were many to express the hope that after all it was an accident and that he did not intend to take his own life, even though the living of it was all the time an excruciating pain. Kind words of sympathy were sent to his wife and everything that could be. done was done for her comfort in an hmur wiiiob few nlta aaUad iuukn t® i NIGHT OF PANIC FOLLOWS SHOCK Small Loss of Life At Gadsden Is a Miracle PROPERTY DAMAGE $15,000 _ i Only One Man Is Killed—Arthur Hood Turns Up Slightly Injured—The Streets Are Strewn With Shattered Glass. Gadsden, October 29.—(Special.)— While the loss of life and property from the explosion at Hammond mines last night is not as great as at first believed, there is no describing the panic into which the people of this city were thrown and from which they have not yet fully recovered. That more people were not killed and hundreds seriously injured is a miracle. At least two-thirds of the buildings in the city suffered damage from the shock. The loss in plate glass alone will amount to fully $3000. Arthur Hood, the young man who was reported missing last night, turned up today. He was slightly Injured. He was standing near Henry Kell, who | was killed, at the time of the explosion. It was feared that he was killed last night. The injured are reported as doing well today. The body of young Keil was prepared for burial and sent to Rome, Ga., today for interment. The deceased was a former resident of that city. The property loss to the Hammond Mining company by tire and wrecking of buildings amounts to about $6000. The total loss in the city and at the mines will probably reach $15,000. The business district of Gadsden this morning presented a scene of wild dis order. Shattered glass covered streets and sidewalks and most of the build ings were more or less windowless. About 50 windows in the Priqtup hotel were shattered. The scenes on the streets last night following the explosion are indescribable. Men, women and children, panic-strick en, rushed out of their homes believ ing that an earthquake had wrecked the town. When the cause of the shock i became known hundreds of people stll! sought relatives and friends to know of their safety. It was a sleepless night for hundreds, and one that will never be forgotten by the people of this city and community. DEPUTY KILLS NEGRO TEACHER Nathan Jackson, the Dead Man, Had Been Previously Arrested By the Officer for Fighting. Tuscaloosa, October 29.—(Special.)— Yesterday afternoon about 6 o’clock Deputy Sheriff Burton Hyche shot and instantly killed a negro school teacher named Nathan Jackson. The shooting occurred near the bridge that crosses the river between here and Northport. There were no eye witnesses to the tragedy and but meagre details have been given out. There were two shots fired it seems, one of them proving fatal. This one passed through the fleshy part of the left arm and entered the 'left side very near the heart. The | other shot struck the negro’s thumb , and did not penetrate . through his ! clothing. From what can be learned it seems that Ilyche arrested the negro last Sat urday for fighting, at which act the negro was considerably incensed. Yes terday afternoon the two were seen i talking. A little later as Deputy Hyche was on his way to Northport the ' negro overtook him immediately after j which Hyche shot. After the first shot the negro ran and fell some 50 feet from the place where he was struck. Hyche came back to the court house at once and reported the matter to the sheriff. Hyche is also game and fish j warden for the county. The negro i came here from Greene county and has | been engaged in teaching near North- ; port for soqie time. His body was taken to Gardiner’s undertaking estab llshemnt, where it awaits the orders of his relatives. Indian Oil Leases Knocked Out. St. Paul, Minn., October 29.—In an opin ion written by Judge Sanborn, filed today in the United States court of appeals, the lower court In Indian Territory was af firmed in the case of the Laurel Oil and Gas company, appellant, against the Selby Oil a^nd Gas company and the Galbreath Oil and Gas company, appellees. The lower courts refused to confirm two oil and gas leases of the lands of two of the Indian minors, made by their guardians,* and confirmed the lands to the appellees respectively for higher rentals. Mother Kills Baby and Herself. Worcester, Moss., October 29.—W'hen ! Louis Minoli, a granite cutter, returned home from work tonight he found his wife, aged 19 years, and their 1-year-old baby, Caesar, dead in bed with their , throats cut. The medical examiner decid- 1 ed that the woman had killed the child and then committed suicide with the same j weapon, her husband’s razor. Mrs. Minoli left a letter for her husband, in which j she declared that she loved him, but that she was going to end her life because she ! did not know how to be a housekeeper. Kentucky Boarding Stables now ready to board your horses and mules. Best feed; plenty bedding. Proper care ' vehicles and harness. 1620 to 1626 First Avenue. Business Men’s Mass Meeting Hippodrome, Saturday Night 8 P. M. H. Clay Evans of Tennessee, recent consul general to London, and others will speak. The public and especially democrats, cordially invited, B ring ladies. Good music. Reserved seats will he held until 8:15 p.m. James W Lee Erskine Ramsay Eugene Fies t W. H. Lewis H. H. Snell Cammit.taa Some Fine Water Proof Shoes, Too, Among the Boy dens Overcoats 4 AlF ktr;; *1510 **55 You’d be a hard man to please, indeed, if an over coat stock like this did not produce one to your liking. An exclusive lot of fancy weaves in all lengths and weights. But we want to call particular attention to a line of silk lined fine worsted raincoats in black. / While the price may not be unusual the coats are. Slip one on and see how swell the shoulders look, how beautifully the back is draped. All the style one wants as a regular overcoat and when the rain comes you’re water proof. Twenty-five dollars. / _ 1922-1924 FIRST AVENUE. TRUSTEES MEET AT TALLADEGA HOME PYRITES PLANT RESUMES WORK IN CLAY COUNTY—TWO NEW PROFESSORS FOR TALLADEGA COLLEGE—FIREMEN TO MEET. Talladega, October 29.— (Special.)—A pretty home wedding solemnized the j nuptials of Tom R. Williams of the. j Our Mountain Home newspaper to Miss j Ruth V. McAlpine last evening at 7 o’clock. Both the young people arc very popular in the city. The board of trustees of the Orphans' Home of the Alabama synod met today. J. H. Mons and F. W. Dixon of Bir- i mingham are here to attend its session, i The other members of the board are ! Rutherford Lapsley of Anniston, L. M. Hooper of Selma, V. H. Hanson of Montgomery and J. B. McMillan, J. C. Bowie, J. B. Woodward and Leon G. , Jones of Talladega. The present en rollment at the home is 85, but this number could be greatly increased if funds were available. Contributions to this noble charity are entirely volun tary, and hard times affects the dona tions considerably. *The home buildings have been recently electrically lighted, and a system of sanitary plumbing in- ■ stalled. The Elks’ Booster, an occasional newspaper devoted to advertising the annual Elks’ minstrel show, lias ap peared on the streets, and it contains many clever local hits. The Elks al ways have a crowded house at their entertainments. The Alabama Pyrites company’s plant In the adjoining county of Clay lias again resumed work on full time. A scarcity of coal has been one reason for the shut down, or rather the in ability to procure coal. This Industry, the manufacture of pyrites products, and mining this ore is one of the great est industries in Clay county, and everybody Is glad that work lias again begun. Much of the ore is shipped to tlie chemical plant at Talladega, where it is used In the manufacture of fertl- 1 lizers. The Louisville and Nashville rail road continues its work of beautifying the ground and approaches to its new passenger station. Crushed limestom is being scattered to a depth of several feet, in and about the grounds ami drivew'ays next to the station, ami all tlie debris of the yard had been care fully removed. Bumpers have been put in on the sidetracks, a tower has been placed south of the station for the watchman, who manipulates the gates, and the road hHs made the station and grounds neat and comfortable. The agricultural department of Tal- ' ladega college has been strengthened by the addition of Ross Bartholomew as superintendent and J. O. Rankin as professor of science and agriculture. Mr. Bartholomew is from the Illinois State university. Mr. Rankin is a grad uate of the iowa State Agricultural school. The local firemen are discussing the coming meet of the Georgiu-Alabama Volunteer Fireman's association, sched uled to convene at Talladega during the coming summer. The question of funds for the entertainment is a live one for the tire laddies. It will be nec essary to raise $1000 for prizes, and also to provide ways and means of en tertaining 800 to 1200 firemen. The firemen are relying greatly on the pro verbial liberality of the Talladega peo ple to aid them in their hour of need. The theatre has been crow'ded with show's this wroek, and all have played to fair houses. Coburn's minstrels, "Brown of Harvard.’* "Lola From Ber lin,” have already filled dates tills week and “The Devil" is billed for to morrow night. In addition to this the town has had two circuses during the w’eek and the Elks’ minstrels Is adver tised for tomorrow evening. TWO SMALL FIRES IN ENSLEY YESTERDAY Meetings In Interest of Candi dates Still Being Held PERCY SPEAKS TOMORROW Meeting Has Been Called By Ensley Commercial Club for Saturday Night to Protest Against County Amendment. Ensley, October 28.—(Special.)—A fire occurred this evening in Ensley, com pletely destroying a negro residence on Camp street, between Twenty-first and Twenty-second street. The fire depart- j ment responded quickly to the alarm, but I owing to the fact that the fire had gained considerable headway the house was de stroyed. The nearest plug was so far away that the hose from the volunteer company had to be used. While the fire laddies were fighting the ! ....... REV. W. B. HOLMES Of Lebanon, Tenn., Who Is Conducting Successful Cumberland Presbyterian Revival at Ensley. flames on Camp street a barn belonging to Luther, the florist. whj* seen to be on ( fire. This lire was extinguished with j slight loss. 'I’he negro dwelling house 1 was totally destroyed, but tin* inmates \ saved most of their personal effects. The department made a quick run and did good service, but was hampered b> the • distance of the nearest plug. Rally Tomorrow Night. A rally will be held Saturday night at ! the Ensley opera house by the friends and supporters of C. F. Camp, candidate for judge of the inferior court. Several speak ers of note w'ill address the meeting, while a band of music will entertain the crowd between the speeches. Mr. Camp lias made an active tight, and - is confident of victory. His campaign manager, J. R. Tate, gave out the fol- t lowing: "Charles Camp wifi undoubted- j ly be elected by a good majority. We have made a thorough canvass of the entire beat and feel asslired of success. "Mr. Camp is not the nominee of any caucus or committee, but comes before the people independent of any clan or fac- j tion. He lias made a clean race and a good one. His fitness for the place is | without question. His past experience in the courts, his unquestioned integrity and his general worth as a citizen render him well suited for the place.” A meeting was held tonight at Wylam in the Interest of Joe C. Lament The meeting was held in the Stack building and was largely attended. Mr. Lamont is working hard for the nomination. The other candidates, Mr. Goldsmith and Mr. Mackey, are also very active, and lit erature presenting their several claims are being sent out. The race is exceedingly interesting as all the candidates are strong men. Dr. Holmes Has a Big Crowd. The revival services at the Cumberland Presbyterian church continue to grow in interest. Tonight was the best at tended service since the revival be gan. Dr. Holmes preached a fine sermon, taking for his theme, “Looking for Jesus.” It was a splendid effort, and was possibly the strongest sermon of the meetings. On Friday noon Mr. Holmes . will address the machinists at the steel mill. Saturday at 10:30 a. m. will be children’s service. On Sunday there will be a meeting for men at the Ensley opera house at 3 o’clock in the afternoon. At the same hour the ladies will meet at the church. Avenue 1 and Eighteenth street. Percy to Speak In Ensley. Walker Percy of Birmingham will ad- .. dress tlie meeting at the opera houso Friday night, called by the Ensley Com mercial club to oppose the new county amendment. W. R. Stewart, president of the club, will preside. Several local speakers will take part in the meeting. Indications point to a large meeting. Personal and General. The S. A. P. H. club met this after noon with Miss Nina Ruth Rundall at her home on Avenue E and Sixteenth •street. All the members were present and a most enjoyable afternoon was spent. The young ladies composing the club state that anyone deciphering the mystic initials composing tin* name of the club will be admitted to membership. The next meeting will be with Miss Roberta Russell at 1911 Avenue F, Thursday, No vember n. The members of the Presbyterian choir will meet with Mrs. E. G. Goldsmith at lf?r residence. 2119 Avenue F, on Friday evening at 7:.'*» o’clock. All members ar-» urged to be present as special music is being prepared for Sunday. Miss Floy Sexton, one of Ensley’s most charming young ladies, who has been so journing some time with her sister in Canada, returned to Ensley last night. 1). A. Echols and John Angwin returned this morning from Arizona, where they have been inspecting the Ensley Mining and Development company’s property. This company is composed of Ensley citi zens. They report good conditions at the mines. Mr. Angwin is still suffering from a sprained arm, the result of in juries received from the wreck at Amory, when they begun their journey. - - ••• To Unite African Colonies. Washington, October 29.—Ludwig Weini er of t’apt Town, South Africa, a former member of the Cape Town assembly, talked witli llie President today about the prospective confederation of the South African colonies of Great Britain. Mr. Weimer has been in Austria studying the commonwealth's system. He said that ('ape Town colony, Orange River colony. Natal. Rhodesia and the Transvaal de sire to form a confederation similar to that of Australia, and Great Britain fav- v ors this action. The movement is in’ its early stages, and the drafting of u consti tution will he the first step toward the unification of the colonies Into a common wealth. Rich Gold Deposits In Congo. Brussels, October 29.—Reports received from R. D. Mohun. leader of the Amer ican expedition in the Congo, states that lie has discovered rich deposits of gold, tin amj copper In the Manyema district. New York City is in five counties. The city oi Bessemer may some day be a part of the city of Birmingham, but this is no reason why their county af fairs or county government should be denier’ them.