The Birmingham age-herald. [volume], January 25, 1915, Page 3, Image 3

About The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950

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APPROACHING POINT
WHERE MORE fflEM
CANNOTGE SPARED
Other Grain and Food Crops
However Will Continue
to Swell Totals
BUSINESS GROWTH
STEADY AND SURE
Friends of Rockefeller and Carnegie
Foundations Glad an Opportunity
Being Offered for Thor
ough Investigation
By HOLLAND
New York, January 24.—(Special.)—If the
estimate of some of the experts are fairly
accurate then there remain of our surplui
wheat for export about 75,000,000 bushels.
We shall probably have exported aproxi
mately 300,000,000 bushels of wheat when
the time comes for the announcement that
we have no more wheat to spare. There
appears to be some apprehension that
when our exports of wheat are ended we
shall find a heavy falling off In the
amount and the money value of our ex
ports. So it is thought to be possible that
sometime in the spring we shall discover
that our excess of exports over imports
is considerably reduced in comparison with
the great excesses of December and Janu
ary. Those who are best qualified to
judge, however, do not share in this ap
prehension. They look tor continued and
enormous exports of corn, oatH and other
grain, as well as considerable exports ol
hay. These are thought likely to make
good the falling off of exports which will
be occasioned by the .exhaustion of our
■urplus wheat.
In any event, exports of manufactured
commodities are inevitably to Increase.
If the war be prolonged past midsummer
of this year then there will be a new sup
ply of wheat harvested from the winter
wheat sowing and if that harvest com
pares favorably with the one of last sum
mer we shall have wheat in plenty to ex
port by early fall.
Enormous quantities of wheat which
have been sold are now awaiting delivery
upon steamships, and it is this quantity
of wheat now waiting shipment which is
causing the shortage in ocean freighters
It will be gradually moved, and all of il
will get to its foreign destination dur
ing the winter months.
The Effect Upon the Market
Already there begins to be discerned
the stimulating effect upon the securities
market of these heavy exports. Since
the New York Stock exchange was re
opened the transactions have been quiet,
steady, not indicating any sudden boom,
This has been regarded as a most desir
able condition. From it will flow in
fluences which will make it possible grad
ually and safely to increase securities
transactions.
At last the market is moving slowly
[ upward, and to move slowly is to move
safely. Already there is observed a strong
disposition to buy bonds. The excellent
feature about this disposition is that H
reflects the sentiment of investors. Bondf
are not bought upon margin as stocks are
and dealings in them represent to a con
siderable extent the feeling of investors,
Now there appears to he some desire tc
buy, a greater desire than that of the
owners of bonds to sell. Therefore, the
market quotations are increasing, and
that is a healthy symptom.
Tt is beginning to be said that tlie securi
ties market shows a tendency to discount
business conditions. That is to say, the
feeling in the market is one of encourage
ment. Therefore, transactions are in
cieasing as well as prices. The move
ment, however, is not a speculative one,
but appears to be healthy. That prob
ably Is characteristic of business. 11
would not be regarded ax satisfactory il
there came of a sudden a great business
boom. But if the growth of business is
gradual, then tlie presumption would be
strong that it is healthy. For that rea
son it is thought in the financial dis
trict that the attitude of the Stock ex
change may properly be regarded as fore
casting gradual but sure improvement in
t business. This improvement will be stim
ulated by its own impulses till at last the
expected stupendous revival of American
Industry and trade will be acknowledged.
A Side Issue
For prudential reasons the English gov
ernment has decided as it has perfect au
thority to do, that the bunkers of Great
Britain and investors must not at this
time, and probably for a good while, make
any loans excepting to the English people
or to English Interests. It is confessed
that this step is a war measure, and is
essential on account of the extraordinary
cost of the wai.
The action, however, injects a new fac
Children Cry
FOR FLETCHER’S
CASTO R I A
DODGE BROTHERS’
MOTOR CAR
L_i
Wants a Girl Friend
I am a young girl of 18 and employed
as a stenographer and bookkeeper in an
office. Can you help me to find a girl
triend or direct me to some club or or
ganization which I can join? I am an ed
ucated Hebrew girl and should like to
;*lave a Sli'l friend, as other girls have.
The reason I have none is because 1 have
lived in the country all my life. I do
not go out much, for 1 do not think it
proper to go alone. Kindly tell me If it
is correct for me to join a club myself,
without anybody along with me?
•V. M.”
Referred to young members, especially
to those of like faith with our lonely girl.
She cannot affiliate with any club unless
she be introduced by a member. That is
an invariable rule. May I ask if there
be not an organization maintained by
the Hebrews like the Young Women’s
Christian association, where this stranger
may meet with friends and hospitable
cheer?
Seeks Friend of Long Ago
“I want to ask if you can help me to
find or advise me as to the proper course
to take that would lead me to find a
woman whom I used to know, but whose
address has gone astray? Her name is,
or was, Mrs. Helen Loomis, and she
\isited England and my Guernsey home
during the summer of 1903. Her own home
was in Chicago. She wrote to me often
and also sent me a photograph of her
self, and now that I am in this coun
try 1 feel that I should love to meet her
again. In spite of the lost address I
shall seek her, for I loved her dearly and
still do. I have made inquiries at the
postoffice, but they tell me there that un
less 1 know her husband’s name they can
not help me. I never knew his name. I
have searched the telephone book and
directory, but failed there, too.
“MRS. G. A. K.”
! W e have located too many missing rela
tives and friends for other puzzled cor
respondents not to feel tolerably sanguine
of finding your acquaintance through the
medium of the Corner. Our territory is
wide; our readers and colleagues are
numerous, intelligent and ever willing to
tor in the American financial situation, es
pecially that which represents interna
tional finance. Brazil, Chile and other
South American nations and the nations
of tlie far east caiinot now go to the
London money market to procure capital.
These nations will be compelled to look
elsewhere and the feeling is strong that
they will come to the United States. As
long as they do come here the central
money market of the world will be in New
York instead of in London.
Recent experience lias demonstrated that
the United States is probably safe so far
as the return by Europe of American se
curities Is concerned. For it is believed
that these securities, if they are returned
at all. will come slowly so that the United
States can easily absorb them, and, in
the second place, no doubt a considerable
part of them will be sent to this country
in liquidation of the heavy exports the
United States has sent and is sending to
other countries.
The Great Foundations
! Even so persistent a critic as Samuel
Untermyer finds nothing in tnc- great
foundations established by John D. tiook
efeller and Andrew Carnegie to justify
the apprehension which has led to an In
vestigation of these foundations. Mr. Un
termyer admits that some of tin* enormous
wealth accumulated by individuals who
have constituted these foundations may
have been gained by devious methods.
That, however, docs not characterize the
foundations themselves, he says, and ul
timately they will fulfill the purpose of
the founders, which is the benefit of hu
manity. There may have been some mis
take in the manner of chartering these
foundations, but the investigation will
probably serve a good purpose by showing
that there is no danger to republican
democratic institutions in the establish
ment of them.
In a conversation with the late .James 1).
Layup at Hamton Terrace some 10 years
ago, John D. Rockefeller said that up to
about 10 years earlier than the time when
he and Mr. Layng were chatting he sup
posed no man in the United States was
fonder of making money than he. Then
there came a revelation to him of the vital
necessity of making good use of his
wealth. He added that it was far more
difficult to dispose of a fortune so that it
would benefit mankind than it was to
gain a fortune. There were many things
to consider and above al Ithe avoidance of
the appearance of charaity or of any ten
. deucy of pauperize people. .He was satis
fied that these dangers could be avoided
through tlie incorporation of great foun
dations and the committal of the purposes
behind these foundations to sincere and
competent men.
Mr. Rockefeller differs from Andrew
Carnegie in certain personal aspects, lie
not caiing much for publicity, but he and
Mr. Carnegie are of the one opinion re
specting the difficulty of establishing
great foundations in such manner as to
gain the highest benefits without impair
ing the self-respect, the energy or the in
dustry of the people. The great object
of foundations is to supplement the means
by which opportunities can be utilized.
This is illustrated by the two foundations,
one of Rockefeller and the other of Car
negie, which make exhaustive and far
reacliing research possible. In the case
of the Rockefeller foundation in the field
of research in all that appertains to hu
man life, from the physiological view', ex
traordinary results have already been
gained. All of these w'ho are interested in
the work of these foundations are glad
that an opportunity is now open for thor
ough investigation of them, hoping that
it may lie conducted in an absolutely im
partial way.
co-operate with vs in every good work.
And such we must consider your quest of
an esteemed friend of long ago. We
register your request and address and
commend youi interesting story to mem
bers. As soon as we receive news that
promises to forward your object you shall
have it.
Home for a Collie Pup
“Is there anyone in your Corner who
would give up a Scotch collie pup for
which lie has no present use? I have a
little girl and should like her to grow up
and be a friend with such a dog. I can
also say it will huve a good home and be
well taken care of. When rendering lard
for doughnuts or the like. If a piece of
suet is added, you will not require as
much lard and it will keep the doughnuts
from soaking. MBS. J. S.’
Dogs are reckoned expensive luxuries
nowadays by some who would like to re
tain them as playfellows and guards. It
is possible that some family may be on
the lookout for a good home for the puppy
of a mother that has been long a member
of the household. Instead of chloroform
ing the poor little creature, send to us for
the address of the woman who would pro
vide her baby with a playmate and com
panion. Many at household pet is “evict
ed ' unwillingly this winter because food
stuffs are high and the family exchequer
is low. Your item of culinary lore is novel
| and welcome. How big a lump of suet
I should go to a cup of lard? And what
is the philosophy of the work wrought
by It? Kindly tell us.
Apple Sauce Cake
“As eggs and milk are high, I send a
recipe for uppie sauce cake which 1 have
never seen in the paper: One cup of
sugar, half cup of butter, one and three
quarters cups of flour, one cup of raisins.
| one teaspoon of cinnamon, half teaspoon
i each of nutmeg and cloves, one cup of
[ sour apple sauce, one teaspoon of soda.
Mix the butter and sugar as for any
cake: then add the raisins and spices.
Mix tile dour last of all. Mix the soda
S with a little of the apple sauce. Do not
I sweeten the sauce. Bake In a loaf from
one hour to one hour and a half, slowly.
1 have found it delicious. E. X. E.“
We have published recipes under the
same name that differed from yours as
to certain ingredients and in the manner
of putting these together. We thank you
for being explicit in this last respect,
j You show plainly that the effervescence
of soda and apple sauce supply the lack
| of eggs.
CAPITAL RESERVE
AMS INVESTMENT
Restored Confidence In
Business General—Fine
Foreign Trade
New York, January 24.—largest deal
ings and highest prices for stocks and
bonds since the market reopened fol
lowed by a moderate setback, reflect
ed last week's growth of speculative
conlideiice. Extraordinary foreign
trade developments remained the most
potent factor. Official estimates placed
the credit balance for two weeks of
.January at $6S,000,00U, promising i
new monthly record and comparing
with an export excess of f 132,J0O,OOO
for December. Demand for war sup
plies still constitutes the largest ele
ment in the showing.
Steps were in progress for extension
of further banking credits to guvern
ments which are customers, on assur
ance against objection from the 'Wash
ington authorities. These credits and
sales of American securities by for
eigners are in lieu of shipments of
gold to pay for our commodities. Grain
and foodstuffs continued in urgent de
mand for export with the holders
showing greater disposition to main
tain reserves.
There were more arrivals qf agents
of foreign cotton buyers seeking to
cover supplies for future needs. Cot
ton carrying railroad stocks advanced.
Bank deposits in the grain region are
reported at record figures and sales
men usually employed in other terri
tory flock to that country.
There was a distinct gain in steel
mill production and iron buying showed
less than the expected lapse into dull
ness while the price of refined cop
per rose again. Metal stocks were re
strained, however, by questions of div
idend intentions. Builroad traffic made
i increasing recovery of deficits in last
year’s comparisons.
Easy money and abundant banking
supplies were a pronounced influence
in reviving investment inquiry. Re
stored confldence reveals unsuspected
reserves of capital awaiting invest
ment. Dissolution of the I100.u00.000
bankers’ gold pool was in line with
these favorable conditions. The effect
as a whole was seen In the sudden
strength of securities of corporations
threatened with financial pressure.
She Popped the Question
From the New York Sun.
St. Louis. Mo.—Alice Curtis Moyer, sec
retary of the Missouri Equal Suffrage
league, announced this afternoon that she
had been married secretly November 12
to Turner G. Wing, relative of Alfred
Wing Pinero, the English playwright,
and president of the Gorman Paint com
pany. Mrs. Wing has been secretary and
treasurer of the company two years.
Mrs. Wing today said that she married
to show among other things she was not
a man hater. She also declared that she
virtually had proposed to Mr. Wing. She
was one of the most active campaigners
In the disastrous suffrage campaign in
Missouri last fall.
“My marriage,” said Mrs. Wing, “will
not stop my work for woman suffrage.
In fact, it will help it. It. will show that
suffragists are not ’man haters.’ I will
continue with my suffrage work, the only
difference being that there will be two
Instead of one in the family to push the
work.
“When I was returning from a visit to
Chicago last November I began to think
how lonesome 1 was. When I saw Mr.
Wing in the office next day I told him
that if he would ask me again I might
say ‘yes.’ He was kind enough to ask
me.’* |
Mrs. Wing has been a widow for 18
years. Her son, Charles Curtis Moyer,
and her daughter, Selma Alice Moyer,
both married a short time before their
mother.
Tired Pigeon Stops to Rest
Prom the New York Sun.
Caldwell, N. J.—An exhausted homing
pigeon that la believed to have started
'iom Hamilton, Canada, for Jacksonville,
l‘"la., Btopped for rest today on the pigeon
L-cte of Charles Wilson Norwood of Lin
coln terrace. Young Norwood gave the
’>ird food and Shelter.
On each leg of the pigeon Is a hand, one
>f which bears the Inscription, "H'm'n'n,
Ont., l-3-'lS; J’k'v’lle, Fla." On the other
and were the numerals 13876.
The bird will be kept for a day or so
and then be allowed to continue ltB jour
ney.
t-—.—. . .. ■ ...
1 KILLS WIFE AND Cl —DREY \
! 4 AND THEN SUICIDES 4
\ Butler. Pa., January 34.—H. \
4 H. Woods, a telegraph opera- ,
4 tor of JIarmony Junction. Butler 4
4 county, today shot and killed his 4
4 wife and their throe children 4
4 and then committed suicide. 4
» *
OF OPERATION OFTHE
ROCKEFELLER FUND
ARE GIVEN TO PUBLIC
Foundation Makes Public
Replies Made to Questions
of United States Commis
sion On Industrial Rela
tions—Supplies Copy of
Charter
New York, January 24.—The llocke
reller Foundation today made public
its replies to questions asked by tho
[ nlted States commission on industrial
relations as to the reasons fur the;
Establishment of the 5100,000,000 foun
lation, Its purposes and methods of
operation. .
One of the purposes of the inquiry
now being conducted in this eiiv by
the Industrial rommisslon Is the in
vestigation of tho Rockefeller and
dage foundations. The Information
given out by the Rockefeller Founda
tion today already has been forwarded
to the commission. In addition John
D. Rockefeller, Jr. president of tho
foundatlon, will be called before the
commission as a witness.
Replies Divided
The replies by the Rockefeller Foun
dation are divided Into two parts, the
first of which is signed by .Mr. Rocke
feller. Jr., as president, and by Je
rome D. Greene, as secretary.
Complying with the commission's re
quest the foundation has supplied the
commissioners with copies of the
foundation's character, constitution and
by-laws. Replying to other questions
the foundation stated that it was not
a consolidation of pre-existing oiean
izatlons but a distinct creation with
its own funds.
The total funds of the foundation ori
December 1, 1914. are stated us *103.
950,817. Us holdings of stocks and
bonds arc given 1n detail. The char
acter of its investments is controlled
by the finance committee composed of
John IJ. Rocekefeller, Jr., Starr J.
Murphy and Jerome T. Greene. Ap
propriations are made by the board ot
directors or tho executive committee.
The amount of its holdings is not lim
ited by its charter. No part of the prin
cipal is to be distributed except by
two-thirds vote of all members.
Rockefeller Directs Expenditures
One condition of John L>. Rockefel
ler's gift of 5100,000,090 establishing
the foundation was described as stipu
lating that the sum of 52,000,000 of its
income or as much of that sum :'s he
might designate shall be applied dur
ing bis lifetime to such specific ob.iectf
within the corporate purposes of the
foundation as he may tlirect.
The officers declare that they have
no expectation of receiving any fur
ther funds but that the foundation Is
entitled to receive gifts from any
source. The general education board,
they say, is an Independent eoipora
tion with funds of Its own; but lump
sums have been appropriated for the
use of the International health om
mlsslon.
The major part of the work of the
foundation consists, it is stated. In
making contributions to other phil
anthropic agencies.
Searching Questions Asked
Searching questions were asked by
the commission as to the reasons for
the appointment by the Rockefeller
foundation of William Lyon Mackenzie
ing of Ottawa, Ont., to make*a study
of industrial relations. Replying to a
question whether Mr. King was author
ized to go on with iris plans even if his
policy should be divergent from that of
the directors, tho foundation asserted
that the conduct of tho work will be
left in his hands subject merely to
conference with officers of the founda
tion and to its control as to the extent
of expenditures. On this subject the
foundation declared:
‘‘It cannot be too clearly understood
that the purpose of this inquiry (Mr.
King’s) is not to apportion blame in
present or past misunderstandings nor
lo justify any particular point of view;
the sole purpose is constructively help
ful. In a work conceived and under
taken in such a spirit any question of
divergent policies or of partiality in
the investigation can have no place. Tho
foundation has felt that if it would
work out sound and substantial im
provements in tlie relation of capital
and labor it could hardly do anything
better calculated ‘to promote the well
being of mankind’ for which purpose
the foundation was created.”
King Controls Work
Mr. King controls the field, scope and
methods of his Investigation, the fqun
dation asserts, and it has not refused
to continue an appropriation for any
piece of work or investigation which
had been agreed upon.
Explaining why the Industrial rela
tions division was created, the founda
tion stated: “While the general sub
ject of economic research was under
consideration the industrial disturb
ances in Colorado impressed the preoi
m 0, tBirmmgham, Ala.
two Stores: <, .
^Jacksonville, Fla.
"Up” on the New Steps?
Try Porter’s "Economy Two-Steps”
Quite the popular thing now-a-dav&
—an ever-increasing number of Bir
Special Values in men are treading this
' delightful measure to the tune of
BOVS* SIlOCS “Substantial Savings.”
* No cause for “hesitation"—"trot” right in
and take a lesson. Beginners' classes every
Patent or dull leath- day—tuition nominal.
ers; “substantial serv- $6.50, $7 and $7.50 $5 Porter Special $4 Porter Special
ice” footwear with the Boyden Shoes Shoes Shoes
added element of 0/5 C/1 0/5 CO 0^5
smart style ipUmJuO tpOmAO
Were $3 00 Everything Men and Boys Wear
Now
45 -
V"®1922-1924 First Ave. In the Heart of Birmingham
dent of the foundation with the great
need and public importance of finding
an effective means of preventing such j
conflicts and caused him to urge a tar
reaching study of industrial relations
as the most Important immediate In
quiry to which tin* foundation could
direct attention. In view of the passion
aroused in Colorado and the many dl
\ ergent Interests involved there. It was
felt that the foundation itself should
not interfere in that situation, but that
it was of the utmost consequence that
the root causes of that and similar dis
turbances should be nssertained, and, tf
possible, removed, not only in Colorado
but elsewhere. The Rockefeller Foun
dation is. moreover, a large owner of ^
coroporate securities, and in that ca- <
parity is itself directly concerned in
maintaining harmonious relations l* -
tween the companies in which it is in
terested and their employes. It was
therefore felt that it' the foundation
could work out. on a basis compatible
with sound economies, a substantial im
provement in tlie relations between cap
ital and labor, it would not only dis
charge its obligation as indirectly a
largo employer of labor, but would also
perform for the gcuerul public a great
er social service than it could render
along usual phllantropic lines."
Asked if the work of the industrial
relations division " ill bo limited to in
bestigatton. tlie foundation replied that
it has purposely avoided assigning defi
nite limits to the method or scope of
the work. It is not expected, the founda
tion states, that Mr. King will prepare
formal plans but will proceed along
lines that offer the greatest promise
of proctical results.
The international health commission,
a subsidiary of the foundation, ii.is
confined its activities almost entirely
to the eradication of hookworm disease
in different parts of the world, the
foundation states.
The Belgian relief work and the pro
motion of medical education and pub
lic health in China, are referred t.»
ns other instances of the work of the
foundation. But one application has
been made to the foundation in the in
terest of studying or improving labor
conditions.
Replies to other questions disclosed
the fact that early last year the foun
dation appointed a committee to con
sider the desirability of establishing
an institute for economic research to
study important economic and social
questions, but this movement was not
pressed after Mr. King began his in
quiry in Industrial relations.
Many reports, statements of the pur
pose of the foundation as defined by
John n. Rockefeller, and copies of the
measures submitted to Congress for the
incorporation of the Rockefeller Foun
dation were submitted to the commis
sion by its request and made public In
tlie statement today.
INTERPRETATION OF
RIGHTS OF NEUTRALS
STRONGLY DEFENDED
BY UNITED STATES
(Continued from Page One)
government delivered a memorandum
to the United States government stat
ing that “under the general principles
of international law no exception can
be taken to neutral states letting war
material go to Germany’s enemies from
or through neutral territory."
Headed Protest
That representations were made to
both Japan and Great Britain against
the continued presence of their war
ships off American ports and that the
protests wore in each case heeded.
That since the announcement of the
Washington government’s disapproval
of war loans none has been made by
foreign governments in this country.
A distinction is dr&wn officially for
the first time between loans floated by
popular subscription ami large credit
transactions for the purchase, of war
supplies, the state department reveal
ing that it lias no objection to the lat
ter.
In a general way, the letter sets fortii
that rules of neutrality have been pro
mulgated by the American government
without discrimination and have been
applied with equal fairness to all con
cerned. It-cites instances of violatiot s
by Germany aiul Great Britain and .1 <
setts that protests have been unhesi
tatingly entered regardless of the coun
try offending.
Complaints as summarized by Sena
tor Stone are answered in the letter
point by point, substantially as fol
lows:
“1. Freedom of communication by sub
marine cables versus censored communi
cation by wireless." It is set forth first
that a wireless station on a neutral
coast cannot he interrupted by a belig
erent, but the latter lias an unrestricted
right to cut a cable on the high seas.
Germany's cutting of the British cable
near Fanning Island is cited to balance
Great Britain's interception of the cable
between Germany and the United States.
The point is made that wireless mes
sages can be sent direct to warships at 1
sea which can prey upon public or prl-,
vatc vessels and make neutral territory
virtually a base of naval operations,
“to permit which would be essentially
unneutral."
Censorship of Mails
2. "Censorship of malls and In some
cases repeated destruction of American
letters on neutral vessels.” Germany and
Great Britain, pursuing their rights as
belligerents both have censored private
letters falling In then hands. Nn evi
dence has ever been presented to the
state department that mall on board
Dutch Btearaers has been destroyed, us
repeatedly charged. Only few cases
have come to the attention of the de
partment where mall from neutral coun
tries has not been Anally delivered.
3. “Searching of American vessels for
German and Austrian subjects on the
high seas and In territorial waters of
u belligerent.” Neutral vessels volun
tarily entering territorial waters or
ports of a belligerent become subject to
municipal laws. Only two cases In which
American vessels have been searched
on tho high seas by belligerent war
ships for German and Austrian sub
jects have been reported, and both have
been followed by vigorous representa
tions to the offending governments.
Much confusion bus arisen, the letter
asserts, over the charge that the United
States has abandoned the principles for
which this country went to war in 1S12.
Tho impressment of American seamen
by the British navy in times of peace, it
is assorted, "involves a. different prln
ciple,' from the search for reservists in
times of war, though the latter has not
been permitted without protest.
i. "Submission without protest to
British violations of the rules regarding
absolute and conditional contraband as
laid down in The Hague conventions,
the delaratiou of Uotidon and interna
tional law." There is no general agree
ment between nations as t«> articles to
he regarded as contraband, the rights of
neutral and belligerents being opposed
and no tribunal existing "to which ques
tions of difference may he submitted."
:> "Acquiescence without protest to the
inclusion of copper and other articles
in the British lists of absolute contra
band." It is here stated that every
seizure of American copper has been lol -
lowed by a prompt protest, and that the
inclusion of "unwrought copper" in the
lists of absolute contraband is under con
sideration, though the government "nec
essarily 11 mis some embarrassment in
dealing with the subject." because of
a declaration by the United States in
tho past plncing "all articles from which
ammunition is manufactured" on its
I contraband list, including copper am >ng
such materials.
G. "Submission without protest to in
terference with American trade to neu
tral countries in conditional and abso
lute contraband." History shows, says
the letter, that in every war the super
ior naval power has interrupted neutral
commerce more or less, but those who
complain are referred to the American
note of protest of December 26 dis
patched to Great Britain.
7. "Submission without protest to in
terruption of trade In conditional con
traband consigned to private persons in
Germany ami Austria, thereby support
ing the policy of Great Britain to • nt
off all supplies from Germany and Aus
tria." Again, tho letter calls attention
to the note of December 26 to the Brit
ish government contending for the
principle of freedom of trade in arti
cles of conditional contraband not de
stined to the belligerent forces."
8. ".Submission to British interference
with trade in petroleum, rubber, leather,
wool, etc." As petroleum can be used in
propelling submarines and rubber is es
sential for big motors used by armies,
the United States government "lias not
jet reached the conclusion that they
are improperly included in a list of con
traband."
Has Not Interfered
9. "The United States has not Inter
fered with the sale to Great Britain ami
her allies of arms, ammunition, horse**,
| uniforms, and other munitions of war.
although such sales prolong the con
| flict."
No obligation, it Is contended, exislts
either In international law or in the
domestic law of the United States to
'prohibit private trade in these articles.
In the past the present belligerents when
I neutrals maintained no sueh prohibition,
"in fuet It is only necessary to point to
tho enormous quantities of arms and am
munitions furnished by manufacturers in
Germany to the belligerents In the Russo
Japanese war and In the recent Balkan
wars to establish the general recognition
i of tlie propriety of the trade by a neutral
nation."
10. "The United States has not sup
pressed the sale of dumdum bullets to
Great Britain.” The correspondence re
cently published between the state depart
ment and the German ambassador is re
peated with the statement that although ,
there is no legal grounds on which to pre
vent. such traffic, the President of the
I’nited States would welcome proof of the
charges and use his influence to prevent
sale of these articles.
11. “British warships are permitted to
lie off American ports and Intercept neu
tral vessels.” The letter states that pro
tests wen* made to Great Britain and j
Japan and that they withdrew' their war- LJ
ships from the vicinity of New York har
bor and Honolulu respectively.
12. “Great Britain and her allies ur** cl- i
lowed without protest to disregard Amer
ican citizenship papers and passports. '
While Great Britain has disregarded
American citizenship papers "in a few in
stances. and t lie same is true of all bellig- $
erents, in every ease of apparent Illegal,
arrest the United States lias entered vtgj'
orous protests with requests for release/
13. “Change of policy in regard to loans
to belligerents.'* It is asserted that the V
American government’s policy affects all
governments alike. The dangers of loans
through popular subscription arousing par
tisanship through monetary interest in the
success of the belligerents Is pointed out
In contrast to purely credit transactions
for the purchase of war supplies, the
money for which does not leave the United
States, and could not. as in the case of
the loan, affect the Huances of this coun
try.
Charge I nsupporled
H. "Submission to arrest of native-born
Americans on neutral vessels and in Brit
ish ports and their imprisonment.“ The
general charge, the letter asserts, has been >
unsupported by evidence, but wherever
irregularities have occurred, prompt de
mand for release has been made.
15. “Indifference to confinement of non
combatants in detention camps In England
and France." All the belligerents have
made complaint hut investigation lias
proved that “conditions are as good as
possible." Tile United States lias con
sented a! i lie special request of the Ger
man government to .send Mr. Jackson,
former American minister at Bucharest,
and now attached to the American em
bassy at Berlin, to make a special inves- B
tlgation of detention ramps in England. 1
Lti. "Failure to prevent transshipment ■
of British troops and war materials across I
the territory of the i’nited States." No *
proof ol this ever lias been furished.
and a request of the Canadian govern
merit to send war material through Alaska
was promptly denied.
17. “Treatment and llnal interment of
German steamship Geicr and the collier
Loeksun at Honolulu." The circum
stances are reviewed and the action taken
is held to bo in accordance with the usual
international practice.
18. "Unfairness to Germany in rules rel
ative to coaling of warships in Untiama
canal zone.” Although the regulations
were not proclaimed until November 13,
Hi) belligerent warships are known to have
coaled previously at tin* zone and the ac
tion was taken "without the slightest ref
erence to favoritism to the belligerents.”
19. ‘"Failure to protest against the mod
ification of the declaration of London by
the British government." The notification
of tills government that It could not accept
piecemeal adoption of the declaration ot
London Is recalled with the statement
also that the modlflcations by the bellig
emits in that code of naval warfare "are
of no concern to the United States ex
cept ns they adversely affect the rights of
American citizens us defined by interna
tional law. Insofar as these rights have
been Infringed, the department bus made
every effort to obtain redress for the
losses sustained.”
I