The Birmingham age-herald. [volume], February 19, 1915, Image 1

About The Birmingham age-herald. [volume] (Birmingham, Ala.) 1902-1950

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THE
BIRMINGHAM
AGEHE R ALD_
volume xxxsiv_
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA, FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 19, 191.')
=■■ / ■ ' - . ._■-■■■■ - - - ~=
10 PA(iI->
NUMBER 289
VO HOSTILE INCIDENT MARKS 1
OPENING OF GERMAN BLOCKADE
IQ RETALIATORY
MEASURESTAKEN
BY ENGLAND TO
MEETJITUATION
)versea Trade Continues
as Usual Although Cross
' Channel Service Is Some
! what Altered
GERMAN REPLY TO
AMERICAN NOTE IS
CAUSING INTEREST
jierman Victory Over Rus
sians in East Believed
Complete—French Claim
Success in the West
t EMPEROR TO DIRECT \
l PI. AN OK BLOCKADE 4
I - ♦
l London, February 39.—(3:17 a. 4
k m.)—A Daily Mall dispatch from 4
j Copenhagen dated Thursday says: 4
k “Emperor William, with his 4
| brother, Admiral Prince Henry 4
j of Prussia, and Admiral Von Tir- 4
> pits, the minister of the navy, and 4
i their respective staffs, left Berlin 4
k today for AVIlhelmshaven, Helgo- 4
k land, and other naval stations to 4
« direct the arrangements for block- 4
1 ading England. 4
| “It is reported that the Germans 4
1 have built 120 big mine-laying sub- 4
k marines during the last sir months, 4
f eaelt with a carrying capacity of 4
4 more than 100 mines." 4
London, February 18.—(10:40 p.
m.)—No incidents, so far as is know n,
lave yet marked the opening; of Ger
many’s submarine blockade of the
British Isles, although it has been in
Force for nearly 24 hours. Nor has
the British government thus far an
nounced its promised retaliatory
measures.
I Precautions, however, arc being taken
m this side of the North sea. and al
though the German government has
W arned the. German people not to expect
jrny sensational developments for some
days, the regular cross-channel passen
rer services have been somewhat cur
hiled and altered. Otherwise the sea
yrne trade of the country is proceeding
itch as usual.
'Tic White Star steamship Adriatic, from
v.’ York February 10, crossed the Irish
during the night, but did not resort
toyie use of a neutral flag to evade Ger
mam submarines. Other ocean liners and
KreigkU steamers are maintaining regular
scheAt'es.
I A fleet of freight steamers left Denmark
lor England with provisions aboard, and
|t was to keep track of these, it is be
lieved, that German airships, one of
which was destroyed by fire yesterday and
another of which was reported wrecked
foday on the Danish coast, have been so
active.
in England. Genpany's reply to the
American note of protest against Inter
ference with neutral ships Is creating
more Interest than the threatened block
ade. and there Is a great deal of curl
£slty as to what the United States will
ay in response.
In Germany, however, this second vic
tory of Field Marshal von Hlndenburg
In the province of which he had long
made a military study, is being cele
brated with the greatest enthusiasm,
and ttie expectation there is that the
Russians will take a long time to re
cover from thlB blow even should they
make a. stand on the Niemen river, ns
they did last autumn.
it is evident, however, that the Rus
sians are far from being beaten. Ac
cording to their reports battles aye in
progress not far from the East Prus
sian frontier and troops are being
rushed from the interior to check the
German advance, which is being made
on a front some 200 miles in extent
across the provinces of Vllna and
Grodno.
In the Carpathians heavy lighting
continues and the Russians claim to
have repulsed all the Austro-German
attacks, while In Bukowina, the Aus
trians, with their German supports, are
pushing across the country. They have
occupied Kolomea, In Galicia, about. IS
miles north of the Bukowina frontier.
It Is agsln reported—this time official
ly—that they are in possesion of
Caernowitz, capital of Bukowina.
To Relieve Pressure
The allies, In the hope of relieving
the pressure on the RuBsians, have
taken the offensive along the western
line and, although the French and Ger
man accounts differ as to the result
pf this. It is evident that the French
gnd British have made gainH at some
points, whicii they say tonight have
been maintained. The Germans have
Evacuated the village of Norroy, north
of Pont-A-Mousson, which they had
captured last week after a severe
light.
The dispute between Greece and
Turkey over an insult to the Greek na
val attache at Constantinople has been
settled by s personal apology and the
publication of the apology in Turkish
newspapers.
French Report
Paris, February 1*.—(11:08 p. m.)—The
following official communication was is
sued tonight:
“The day of February 18 has not been
less favorable for us than the two pre
ceding* days.
•‘From the sea to the Aisne it was
market! bv artillery combats, although
near Rt.c'inrounrt the Germans delivered
live counter attacks with the object oi
retaking the trenches which had been
occupied by us on February 17.
“Tliese were all repulsed and several
hundred dead were left on the ground,
among tnem several officers.’
"In Champagne, in the region of Soustn,
Ferthei aqd Beausejour. the enemy Ityj
(CwUsesI on Pass Ten.)
Lie
ts . .i , ■,•■■'-.
Czemowitz Falls
Washington, February 18.—Occu
pation of Czemowitz, capital of
Bukowina. by Austro-Hungarian
forces, was officially announced iu
a Vienna foreign office dispatch re
ceived tonight by the Austro-Hun
garian embassy here.
The message said: ■‘Austro-Hun
garian troops occupied Czernowitz
and w'ere greeted with great en
thusiasm by the population."
NOTE CAUSES DEEP
Complications May Arise/ ^
Result of the Raise
Attitude—Officials 1 °
fuse Comment
Washington, February IS.—Germany’*
reply to the American warning against
attacks on American vessels or live* la
the new sea war soars Increased rather
than diminished the concern of officials
of the Fatted States goveramest over
possible complications. though Its
friendly tone made a favorable impres
sion and gave hope that an understand
ing for the protection of neutrals might
yet be obtained.
Officials were apprehensive over tho
formal statement In the note that Ger
many disclaimed all responsibility for
what might happen to neutral vessels
venturing in the danger area. The addi
tional warning, too, that mines would
be laid in British waters was regarded
not only as menacing to ships carrying
legitimate cargoes but as likely to add
further to interruptions which American
commerce has suffered since the war’s
outbreak.
President Wilson and Secretary Bryan
read the Associated Press copy of the
German note, the officiul text, delayed in
transmission, from Ambassador Gerard
being expected tomorrow. While no com
ment was made at either the Whit3
House or the state department, the feel
ing of grave concern was manifest.
That other neutral nations, especially
Holland and the Scandinavian countries,
also are apprehensive concerning the sit
uation and have consulted m the United
States became known today. While there
is no understanding implying Joint ac
t'on if any neutral vessels are sunk, the
Washington gtfVerrtrherft has made it
plain that it is in accord with the steps
already taken by other neutral powers,
copies of their notes and representations
having been furnished to officials here.
Bryan Is Silent
Secretary Bryan refused to reveal to
day what steps the United States would
take If American vessels or lives wero
lost and while at the state, war and
navy departments the German note was
the subject of informal discussion gen
erally, details of the policy being form
ulated by the American government were
not disclosed.
That the United States is looking for
removal of some of the causes of the
present complication in the forthcoming
answer from England to the American
note concerning the misuse of flags was
Intimated in some official quarters. It
was pointed out that if categorical as
surances were given by Great Britain
end her allies that none of their ves
sels would be permitted to fly the Amer
ican or other neutral Hags, the safety
of neutral vessels in the war zones would
be guaranteed and German submarines
would be obliged to visit and search
neutral vessels for contraband before de
stieying them as prizes. In this case,
it. was added, the dangers for neutral
vessels laden with noncontraband car
goes would be confined only to mines, the
^discriminate laying of which on the
high seas would be a subject of protest
by the United States unless pilots or
safe channels were given.
The suggestion in the German note that
American warships should convoy mer
chantmen was looked upon by officials a*
impracticable, because It would Impose
an obligation on the United States tc
guarantee the character of cargoes 01
outgoing vessels, a requirement not cov
erod by any domestic law. Moreover
if mines were laid, as Germany announce!
her intention of doing, convoys, as wel
merchantmen, in the opinion of America!
officials, would be endangered by mines
and public opinion in the United Statei
might be much more seriously arousec
by the destruction of a warship thar
by a mere merchantmen.
Sowing of Mines
In fact, the disposition was to regarc
the sowing of mines In large sea areai
as creating a menace more than sub
marine warfare. When mines were laic
in the North sea the American govern
ment took the position that it could no
determine which of the belligerents wai
responsible for the action and did no
protest, especially since pilots wen
furnished by Great Britain and neutra
vessels were enabled to proceed wltl
their journeys. With the admission bj
Germany of her Intention to lay mines, 1
was intimated that a protest might b<
forthcoming, unless pilots were given t<
neutral vessels earning legitimate car
goes.
As to the announcement in the Germai
note that the German navy would no*
regard all articles as contraband whlcl
Great Britain had sc proclaimed, th<
American government is not expected ti
enter into any dispute, except in connec
tion with those articles against whlcl
(Caatlanod on Page Ton. I
,—" •• •• • • • --1
4 LEGISLATURE ADJOURNS 4
4 -— \
4 Montgomery, February 18.—(8pe- 1
4 clal.l—The legislature adjourned \
4 .hortly before 1 o'clock tonight un- (
4 til July IS. Little business of lm- 1
4 portance was transacted at tne 1
4 night session. ' A few local bills 1
4 -were passed and some general j
♦ measures, among them Repreeen- <
4 tative Griffin's antitip bill. '
4 The usual formalities were in- '
4 dulged In by the two houses before '
4 adjourning.' Committees were ap- 1
4 pointed to call on the governor
4 to Inform him that the houses were
4 ready to adjourn, and final mes
4 sages were exchanged between the
4 two houses.
4 The recess committees, appointed
4 by the presiding officers, will meet
4 tomorrow and formulate a pro
4 gramme of work for the next five
4 months. . .
'fc
GERMANY IS FIRM
IN ATTITUDE ON
NAVAL WAR ZONE
AROUND ENGLAND
Reply to American Note
Is Friendly, But the
Kaiser’s Position Is With
or* Change
__
f//GESTS THAT U. S.
j^ND CONVOY WITH
MERCHANT VESSELS
Germany Holds Position
Made Necessary Through
Britain’s Policy in Stop
ping Food Cargoes
Berlin, February 18.—(Via London,
5:58 a. m.)—Germany’s reply to the
protest of the United' States against
designation of a naval war zone about
the British Isles is couched in the
most friendly terms, but firmly main
tains the position of Germany as al
ready proclaimed.
The German note recommends that
the United States send warships to
England to convoy merchant vessels
through the danger zone as security
against attack, with the understand
ing that vessels thus guarded shall
carry no war supplies.
The note, which has been transmitted
to Washington through the American em
bassy, explains that Germany’s action
was made necessary by Great Britain's
policy of attempting to cut oft the food
supply of the German civil population by
a method never recognized In internation
al law. England's course In ordering
merchantmen to fly neutral flags, equip
ping themselves with artillery and order
ing them to destroy submarines, Germany
contends, renders nugatory the right, of
search and gives Germany the right to
attack English shipping. Germany holds
that she cannot abandon that right un
der the stress England has forced upon
her.
Germany argues that since she must
compel her enemies to return to the rec
ognized principles of International law
and restore the freedom of the seas, the
stand she has taken Is necessary. Hope
is expressed that the American govern
ment will understand the position In
which Germany has been placed and ap
preciate the reasons for her course.
The reply closes with expression of
the hope that the United States may
prevail upon Great Britain "to return to
the principles of International law rec
ognized prior to the outbreak of the war,”
and. In particular, obtain observance of
the declaration of London. If this were
done, the note explains. Germany would
recognize in this, says the reply, an in
valuable service toward a more humane
conduct of the war and would act in ac
cordance with the new situation thus
created.
The text of Germany s reply to the
American note of protest follows:
"The imperial government has exam
ined the communication from (he United
States government in the same light of
good will and friendship by which the
communication appears to have been dic
tated. The imperial government is in
accord with the United States govern
ment that, for both parties It is in a high
degree desirable to avoid misunderstand
ings which might arise from measures
announced by the German admiralty and
to provide against the occurrence of In
cidents which might trouble the friendly
relations which so far as known hap
pily exist between the two governments.
"With regard to the reassuring of these
friendly relations the German government
believes that It may all the more reckon
on a full understanding with the United
States as the procedure announced by
the German admiralty, which was fully
explained in the note of the 4th instant,
Is in no way directed against legitimate
. commerce and legitimate shipping of neu
i trail, but represents solely a measure
! of self defense, imposed on Germany
1 by her vital interests against England s
’ method of warfare, which is contrary
| to international law, and which, no far
i no protest by neutrals has succeeded in
. bringing back to the generally recognized
principles of law as existing before the
i outbreak of the war.
Exclude Points of Doubt
, "In order to exclude all doubt regard
, ing the cardinal points, the German gov
ernment once more begs leuve to state
i how things stand. Until now Germany
has scrupulously observed valid interna
tional rules regarding naval warfare. At
the very beginning of the war German
officials agreed to the proposal of the
American government to ratify immedi
ately the new declaration of l.ondon and
took over its contents unaltered and wlth
c ut formal obligation Into her prize taw.
"The German government has obeyed
these rules, even when they were dia
metrically opposed to her military in
terests. For instance, Germany allowed
the transportation of provisions to Eng
land from Denmark until today, although
she was well able by her sea forces to
. prevent it. In contradistinction to this
i attitude, England has not even hesitated
i at a second infringement of internatton
I al law If by such means she could pal
i alyze the peaceful commerce of Germany
i with neutral*. The German government
, Will be the less obliged to enter into
i details as these are put down sufficient
f ly. though not exhaustively, in the
I Ante!lean note to the British govern
, nient dated December 29 as a result ol
l five months' experience.
| “All these encroachment* have beer
I made, as have been admitted. In or
tCnliaari «■ Pag* Tws)
_YOU CAN’T READ THE HOLES
r--;-——
Y04/U HAkSrO
Admit that
THEM HAfTRj
/a MOPE HOEY
Thah rrntyr
UvAf.
«M»t*tlUMII«IMHM«MN(«*l(ll**«(IMaM«Mt«IMHM**«M«*«M**l*M***(M**l****««******«*a******»*********«******((****l*'***""****>M(**a"l*'M**a'
LUSK’S FILIBUSTER TACTICS KILL
ADMINISTRATION BOND ISSUE BILL
__ i <••••••••••••••••■•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••«••••• | ~
LEGISLATURE ENDS
SESSION; BOND BILL
IS MED IO DEATH
Governor in Final Message
Rebukes Lawmakers for
Failure to Enact Reme
dial Legislation
By L. S. BETTI
Montgomery, February 18.—(Special)
The administration bond laaue bill
failed to pass the senate this afternoon
owing to successful filibustering
methods of Senator Lusk and other
members of the minority. The bill failed
of passage because It was never brought
to a vote, parliamentary wrangles en
gaging the attention of the senate until
the majority had no other course to pur
sue than to allow the measure to go
over until after the recess. In the bouse
tonight an effort was made by liepre
seatatlve Weakley of Jefferson to recall
the bill from the senate, but hln motion
was tabled by a vote of 47 to :t4.
Montgomery, February 18.—i Special.) 1
The governor had the last word.
At 11:30 o’clock tonight, after the sen
ate had wearied Itself Into a state of
exhaustion, be seat a special message
to the legislature which, according to
general construction, was a pointed and
premeditated rebuke for tke alleged In
aptitude of the general assembly to en
adt constructive legislation.
The legislature received the message
in silence, the members simply gazing
at the celling us if they were so many
schoolboys under arraignment for
confessed disobedience. Following the
leading of the message by the clerk of
the renate Mr. I^usk. who had conduct
ed u successful filibuster against the
state, bond issue amendment, in the
course of which he had severely criti
cized the governor, suggested that the
clerk Inscribe on the document the hour
of Its reception. loiter, by motion of Mr.
Bulger, the message was referred to the J
finance committee and orders were given
for the pubVcation of 1000 copies. There
after, derpite the suggestion of the gov
ernor contained In the message that the
legislature remain in session until finan
cial relief be accorded, the assembly ad
journed for recess in accordance, ^vlth
original pie ns
Governor’s Message
The governor's messnge in part fol
lows :
“Through a joint resolution pussed by
your bodies I am Informed that on this
day you take a recess until the 13th
day of July, of this year, a period of five
months, during which time the preseni
condition of the state must continue and
from the information coming to the desk
of the governor through the bills enact
ed by you, no action has been taken to
give relief to the state from the exces
sive expenditures of outstanding appro
priations, which are continuing obliga
tions against the state government.
“Notwithstanding the efforts that have
been made by both houses within the last
few days of the present session, the
pledges to the people that the expen
ditures of the state should not exceed
its revenues have not, so far as your
action now appears, been redeemed.
“It is true that you have provided the
• governor with contingent appropriations
Iwlth which to continue the carrying of
the large deficit which you found when
tCtsllssN ss Paso Tea.)
Montgomery, February 18.—* Spe
cial. >—Twenty-four member* of tbe
Alabama legfalatnre who will *lt
during reeew* and InventIgnte tbe
ntate'* judicial nyntem, ilevlwe a new
method of taxation and finance, and
Inquire Info the management of all
departmenta of atate were nn
nnouced late tonight by the prenld
Ing officer* of tlie nenate nnd
bonne.
Tho three recess committees arc
known as the judiciary, finance and
taxation, and investigation, and are
composed of eight members each,
three from the senate and five from
the house.
These committees as announced
by Lieutenant Governor Kilby and
Speaker Carmichael are as follows:
J udiciary—House: Representa -
tives Davis of Walker. John of
Dallas. Brindley of Etowah, Black -
well of Calhoun, Thompson of Bald
win. Senate: Senators Lusk of
Marshall, Lee of Etowah, Milner of
Lamar.
Finance and Taxation—House:
Ftepresentatives Weakley of Jeffer
son, Tunstall of Hale, Bradshaw of
Lauderdale. Kite of Marlon. Yar
borough-of Lee. Senate: Senators
Hartwell of Mobile, Key of Frank
lin, Pride of Madison.
Investigation—House: Represent
atives Merritt of Macon, Green of
Dallas, Welch of Jefferson, Smith of
Crenshaw. Ward of Henry. Senate:
Senators Denson of Eutaw, Wallace
of Shelby, McCain of Clay.
SENATENAMESTHE
MONTGOMERY BOARD
OF PUBLIC SAFETY
Montgomery, February 18.—(Spe
cial.)—'The senate elected J. A. Thomp
son. A. Behr and Dr. E B. Hill mem
bers of the board of public safety of
Montgomery, in accordance with the
provisions of the Montgomery city
commission bill, which passed both
houses Tuesday over the governor's
veto.
The names of the board were placed
in nomination by Senator Bonner, and
they wem elected without opposition.
Dr. Hill Is a brother of Senator Hill
of Montgomery and Mr. Thompson
is a partner of Representative Vaughn
of this county.
MUTINY REPORTED
AMONG GERMANS
Paris. February 18.—(11:30 p. m.)—A re
port is current here, but not confirmed,
that a mutiny occurred at Ghent among
German troops In the beginning of the
month in which about &000 men, including
JJ officers, were involved. According to
this report the mutineers were bound* two
and two and sent in the direction of
Brussels, Malines, Antwerp and Namur.
TODAY’S AGE-HERALD
1— No hostile Incident mark* blockade.
Germany replies to American note.
Better naval defenses asked.
State legislature adjourns.
2— Office of prison inspector abolished,
i- Rockefeller may be. buyer of Morgan
art works.
4— Editorial comment.
5- Arrested for selling paper with liquor
ads.
Ward replies to Steiner's letter.
•Says retailers of bread should pay
more.
Water agreement to be signed.
6- Society.
7— Chlnda to deliver Jap demands to
powers,
ft— Markets.
JO—Shapiro replies to criticism of b'.a
record.
RUSH TO DEFENSE OF
ABLE LEGISLATORS
Wonders Accomplished Dur
ing Session Painted in
Flowing Oratory—Puz
zles Learned Solons
By miGH w. nooKirrs
Montgomery, February 18.—I Special.)
For the first time since I he session of
mil. The 4gc-lleri«ld was iIImciinnciI on
the floor of the house to«lny. Represen
tative Thompson of Butler, arising to
n point of personnl privilege, took the
lending Birmingham dally and its staff
correspondent to tnsk In thnt the for
mer lind published the statement of the
latter thnt the legislature had accom
plished nothing or state-wide slgul
tlennce nave the fTeakle.v prohibition
bills.
Mr. Thompson when lie took the stand
wn> evidently inspired by a lofty pur
pose to defend the action and alleged in
action of the legislature. His cheek wan
painted In the nddy glow of holy anger
and outraged dignity. Ilia heart was
without fear. Ills soul was as the soul
of Galahad when he abandoned the fes
tive pursuits of Arthur's knights and
went on the search for the holy grail.
The house listened at what h« had to
>ay with approval. Toward the coneiu
j sion of his statement the house smiled
just n little as if it was. unaware of
just what meaning the .representative of
Butler intended to convey. And then In
(Continued on Page Tsoi
FRANK JAMES DIES
ON MISSOURI FARM
| Survivor of Notorious James-Younger Gang Succumbs to Stroke
of Apoplexy Following Months of Illness—Checkered
Career Comes to a Quiet End
Kxcelsior Springs, .Mo., February IS.
Frank James of the notorious James
gang, tiled on Ills farm near here late to
day. James, who was 74 years old, had
been In 111 health several months and was
stricken with apoplexy early today.
One of the last members of the robber
band whose unparalleled career of crime
during the civil war und the unsettled
period that followed kept the people of
a dosen states In terror, Frank Jamea
had been living tho life of u quiet farmer
for more than SO years
Tho son of a minister, respected
throughout the community, Frank James
Joined Quanterelle's guerrillas In the civil
war, together with his brother Jesse, and
took part tn the sacking of Uiwrenee,
Kan.
When the wur ended '.he.y were bunted
far and wide by relatives of those
who had met death at their hahds. Driven
here and there, they soon became outlaws.
Many notorious crimes of (he decade fol
lowing the war have been laid at tha
loor of the Jamea-Voijiiger gang, of
which the surviving member* were Frank
In me* and Cole younger, the latter of
whom In now living at Dee's Summit.,
Mo.
Detectives eurrounded the James home
tear Kearney, Mo., on January 25, 1*76,
ind threw u lighted bomb into tho house,
ihlnklng to kill the .lames brothers It
■xploded, tearing tile arm off their mother
md killing their brother Archie.
In 1552, after Jesse James bad been
(hot and killed in hi* home In St. Joseph.
Mo., by lloh Ford, also a bandlb for s
reward of 150,000, Frank James I turret!*
lereil In .fetlerson City, Mo. I
After hie surrender James was taken
to Independence, Mo., where he was
told In Jail three weeks and later to Qal
atln. where he remained in jail a year
■ waiting trial.
The trial was hard fought and lasted
several weeks. Finally Jamas was ao
mltted and went to Oklahoma. He never
am* In the penitentiary and never was
'■mvlcted of any of the charges against
[tint.
Funeral services have been arranged
For Saturday at the farm home. Burial
will be In Kearney. Mo., the little town
the former outlaw first knew as a hag.
GUNS UF GREATER
L_
ASKED FOR COAST
DEFENSES OF U. S.
Army Board Submits Re
port to House Committee
Outlining Extensive Coast
Defense Improvement
OLD MORTARS FOUND
NOT EQUAL TO RANGE
OF BATTLESHIP GUNS
Modernizing of Fortifica
tion to Keep Pace With
Improvement in Arma
ment Afloat Urged
M MMhtngfon, I«>brni»ry IX.—Gun* of
greater range and power than "nr that
could be arrayed againal them were
asked for \itterlenn com"f defeaaea In
an armj hoard report nubmltted by
Seeretiry Garrtnon and made public to
day by (he llouwe npproprintIon* com
mil tee. Tlie tionrd ndvlwed that the old
type 12-1 orb gmiN and mortara “arc not
equal In radge nod power to major cali
ber gunw aHoat."
Mr. Garrison recommended the Immed
iate improvement of some of the coast
defenses so that the range of the old 12
inch guns could be Increased to 20,000
yards, nnfl the board suggested that
wherever It was necessary to construct
new works the larger guns should be 16
inch weapons.
Tlie hoard’s report said in part
"After full consideration of the ques
tion pro.‘snted by the Secretary of War
flic board finds;
"That tin* old type 12-inch guns and
mortars are not equal in range and power
t«» major caliber guns afloat.
-That by such minor change* hi the
carriage of the old typo 12-lheh gun at
present emplaced as will permit an cle
vultyn of degree*, and b> tin* provision
of a certain proportion of lighter pro
| jet tile* of approximately 700 pound*
j weight, an effective range of uhout
yards can he given those guns; that these
'ClASuiik* should be m*de
"That the great majority of our M
lnoh guns, with certain slight change*
which have already been ordered, and
by the supply of a portion of the projec
tiles of lighter weight than tlie heaviesi
now furnished, are suitable in power and
range to meet any that may now be
brought against them.
"That al policy should be adopted of
providing, through annual appropriations,
for such modernizing of fortification* as
will result In keeping pace with the im
provement In armament afloat.
"That in the case of those work* whore
modernizing involves very extensive
change* in emplacements, gun carriages
etc., it will be policy to construct new
works and provide new armaments ade
quate for the demand* of the situation.
Secondary Defense
"Thai the old work* should be held,
when practicable and desirable, a* a sec
ondary lino of defense.
"That wherever It may be necessary to
construct new works, especially at im
portant point*, such as the entrances of
our principal harbor*, naval bases, etc...
the major caliber guns should be at least
;i 16-1 lie h caliber gun, mounted so as
to have the greatest possible protection
and an all around fire where it may be
necessary to have such lire
"That the mortars to be Installed in
future should be of not less than 12
inch caliber, with a range of at least 21,
000 yards.
"Taut this weapon chon id be the nu
merically preponderant type in our coast
defenses, as it is cheap, lias a long Ufa,
can he easily protected, i» very effective
ugaiipm ships, and cun ho used as a val
uable adjunct for the lund defense. It
must not, however, at any Important
point bo adopted to the exclusion of high
power direct fire guns.
"The general policy with reference to
sea coast defenses .should be to have the
armarrent there emplaced of greater
range and power than any which can be
brought naginst it."
.Secretary Garrison’s statement to the
committee reviewed tha programme for
(Continued on Pag* Two)