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TIIE TIMES FOUNDED 1888. THB DISPATCH FOUNDED 1850. WHOLE NUMBER 17,635. RICHJIOND, VA., SUNDAY, JULY 28, 1907. PRIOE FIVE OENTS, BRIEF HISTORY OF THE POWERFUL "TOBACCO TRUST" AS SET OUT IN A SUIT BROUGHT BY THE GOVERNMENT REAL ESTATE Rental Ag*ents in a Guess ing* Mood, Butboing Some Business. ACTIVITY IS IN BLOOMING SUBURBS Ginter Park Sets the Pace. Other Suburbs Taking Notice, and Business is Generally Active Where Breezes Blow and Birds Sing. Tho real estato agents of the clty liave boen oonflnlne thelr operatlons fot tlio past week very largely to the matter of rents, and they report that nctwlthstandlng tho allegnd scarclty of houses to bo rented, tho people who are In the hablt of Ilvlng In rented houses do not seftn to be uneaEy. Rates have beon anvancod in certaln socllons, | nnd tho rentors uro'rebelUng somewhat agalnst tho ralse. Tho' result Is that fc-wer contracts havo boon closed thnn Ih usual at thls season of the year. The rcnters aro holdlng off, wlth the expectatlon that the owners wlll como down, antl the owners are holdlng stiff, wlth the expectatlon that tho renters Wlll hnve to come to terms. Thus the ngi-nts are left In a Blow, nnd only the future cun tell whicli side will wln out. Some JJunlncn* Dolng. In the meantlme tho agents have been maklng somo good sales. Soveral lots, upon whlch the buyors expect to bulld, wero sold during the week, and it is i-nld that not a few contracts have been made wlth the bullders for tho erectlon of houses. Whlle the week haa been a llttle dull, several deals that havo been hanglng on the string have been closed up, ana nltogether the transactions of the week foot up somethlng like $45 - ?non. The auctlon sales of the week- wero fow und somewhat far between. There ls but little offering by tho auctlon? eers in cily property, and the dealers ln suburban property prefer the prl? vate sale method. The fact 1B that suburban property ls now attrnctlng more attention than clty property. Suburbs Ilonmlng. Hlghland Park, Chestnut Hill, Bar? ton Helghts and othor suburbs havo the attention of investors and homo bulldSr*;? The truth Is that Richmond ln the fiust few years hn,i grown abnormally long. and untll a few months ngo the magnificent property to the north and northwest of the' clty had beon neg lected. The openlng up of Ginter Park was the beglnnlng of a change ln thls respect, and now the greatest aotivlty ln real estate ls ln thls sectlon, ? The natural advantages of the hlgh lands of Ginter Park nnd ndjacent tor? rllory and of tha other suburbs as places of resldenco are very superior bocauso of tholr marked healthfulness nnd accesslbility to the clty's social and business centres. Ginter Park ls especially deslrable because of Its flno drainage and sewerage systems, Its ex? cellent supply of purest water from ar testan wells many hundred feet in depth, and whlch go far down Into the granlte beds which undorlio all thls terrltory. Glnter'n Propheey. Major Lewls Ginter appreciated the great prospectlve growth whlch was bound to oome thls way ln tlme, and at a cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars beautlfled and developed a large nrea of ground, eurrounded by somo of the flnest old estates ln Virglnla. Ho bullt miles upon miles of tha very flnest macadatn roads, planted shade trees by the thousand along tho wlde avenuos whlch ho had laid out, and In? closed each and overy block wlth sti. porb Callfornla prlvet and honeysucklc hedges. Theso trees and hedges have had yoars ln whlch to grow and do velop most beautlfully, untll now a blrd's-eye vlow of Ginter Park from the towor of tho main bulldlng of the Unlon Theologlcal Semlnary, whlch lt ln tho honrt of the property, rosemblot u beautiful park ln tha truo Benso oi tho term. How to Get There. Ginter Park ls reached by two trans-. portatlon llnes, which glve aderjuate aarvice for a slngle faro. The prinel ]>nl clty storos mako dally dellvorles of household supplles, tho eloctrh light servlce ls furnlshed nt clty rates; frosli vegetablos can bo bought from tiie marltot men who go througl the property daily, at prices below thoso that prevall ln tho clty. The magnificent group of buildings of the Union Theological Semlnary, tlio fine manslon of Mr. Joseph Brynn at ".La? burnum," togother wlth the many oth oj-s erectod In Ginter Park durlng the 1 ust few months, glvo thls sectlon n tone that ls iinequallod Tha property is wisoly rontrlctod for all tlme agalnsi ciowdlng and otlier dlvagreeablo fea? tures, and tho bulldlng lots uveragt i ( n.'iidorubly over half nn acre in ylv.e ufTordlng umplo spuco for lawns, gur dona und orchards, so that tlie resl dent has nn opportunlty to ralso al necessary vegetablos and frult if hi enres to do so. Church (o he HuiU. .. School and church faci'ities are no wanting; and an udditioful tw.o-storj uchool bulldlng of an unusuully hand niino Kngllsh half-tlmliared derdgn 1: to bo bullt at onco, and will b? foi tho nccornmodation prlmarlly of tln jtsldents of Ginter Park. 'A handsonn Kplscopal Cliutch and rjctory are uls1 to he erected; the aggregato cost o (Contlnued on Seoor** Pago.) GREAT GROWTH OF COTTON INDUSTRY Dixie Displacing New England As t'he Centre of Manu? facture. WONDERFUL GROWTH SHOWN BV "VVALTKU EDWARD IIARItlS. WASHINGTON, D. C, July 27.?In 1905 the capital Invested in cotton manufacturlng' ln Virginia amounted to $9,694,856. In 1880, the total capital Invested ln Virginia cotton mills waa $1,646,8"i0. Thls Increase of six hun? dred per cent. ln a quarter of a con? tury ls one ot tho most strlking evi dence3 that Virginia has been hustllng ln an Industrial way slnce sho begun to get Xlrmly on her feet after tho closo of the War Between tho States. The flgures contalned ln a bulletln on the cotton textlle Industry, Issued to-day by the Census ' Bureau, from whlch tho foregolng are taken, tell a wonderful story of development of cotton manufacturlng ln the Southern States. It ls a story whlch tells ot the gradual transfer of the centre of tox tlle manufacturlng from Now England to tho vlcinlty of tho cottonflelds,! when the sceptre wlll have departed and fallen Into the hands of the South? ern manufacturer. As 6tated abovo, the capital Invest? ed ln cotton textlle manufacturlng ln Virginia ln 1880 was ahout "11,600,000. In tho ton years to 1890 thls sum had Increased to ""4,089,611. In 1900 the total capital ln tho Industry In Vlr-. gimla amounted to $6,769,667, whlch ln the next Hve years Increased to $9,694, 856. Value of Textlle Produets. In 1880 tho total value of the cotton textlle produets of Virginia amounted to only "fl,618,930. ln tbo next teii yoars the value of the output of the mills Increased to JS,964,171. In 1900 the valuo of produets1 was $5,762,329. In 1905 the value had Jumped to $9, .?'?0,828. It ls a strlklng fact that there were moro cotton mllls ln Virginia ln 18S0 than there aro at present, al? though the' total capital Invested ls so much greator and tho total annual output lt of sucli greator value. In 1880, there wero 56 cotton manufacto rles ln Virginia. In 1890 tho number decreased to 47, but ln 1900 the number Increased to 53. In tlie llvo years from 1900 to 1905 the number deereaeed to 62. In 1905 thero were 150 salaried ofll clals and clerks ln the empjoyment of cotton mlll companies, recelvlng- a total of $161,577 annually. Tho number of wngo-onrnors em? ployed |n Virginia cotton mills ln 1P0C was 6,619, rocoivlng $1,047,739 a year. Mniiiil'netui'liiK ln North Carollna. The capital invosted ln the cottpn manufacturlng Industry of North'Cnr? ollna ln 1905 was $61,002,080. In 1900 the tolal investment was $34,458,42*", nnd $11,195,122. ln 1880 lt was only $3,068,900. * In 1805 the valuo pf tho product of tho cotton factorles of tho Stato vJa's $50^610,000, und ln 1900 lt was $29, 096,000. Iu 1890 lt was $10,153,000, and ln 18S0 lt was $3,058,900. South Carolina shows an even greater Increase in the capltal Invest? ed, tho "total belng placed at $83,883. 000 ln 1905, agalnst $2,784,000, in 1SS0. The output of the two States was of substantlally the same value dur? ing each of the periods. It is Inter? esting to noto In thls connection that whlle the Increaso ln the capltal in the two Carolinas durlng the flve years from 1900 to 1905'was approxi mately 100 per cent.; that of Massa? chusetts for tha same perlod was only about 20 per cent, and that in faco of tha fact that othor classes of nianufacturing capital jn Massa? chusetts has lncretsed about 60 per cent. ln the flve years. ? North Carolina had 40,000 wage earners ln her factories in 19Q5, wlth aggregate annual wages of $8,250,000. The materias used ln 1905 are esti? mated at $35,000,000. Kow Engluud's Stendy Decllne. In 1905 tha capltal Invested ln tho cotton manufacturlng Industry ln tho Now England Statos was $624,000,000. ln 1900 it amounted'to $524,000,000, and ln 1890 to $426,000,000. In 1905 tha capltal Invested ln the manufacture of this product in tho Southern States amounted to $250,000, 000, and in 1900 to $137,137,000. In 1890 it amounted to $02,000,000. It wlll bo seon from theso figures that the Southern States aro doubllng their capltal Invested ln a llttlo more than flve years, whllo ln the New England Statos the capltal invested has In? creased only about one-half in flfteen years. ln 1905 the cotton manufacturlng Industry ln tho United Statos was caplttilized at $i,2SS,000,000, in loot the total, capitalization was $1,001, 000,000. In 1890 it wns $7 10,0110,000. The product ln 1905 was valued nl $1,152,000,000; in 1900 nt $884,000,000, nnd in 1890 at $722,000,000, t'o-.l of Nnpilllfx. PHILADELPHIA, July 27.?An Idea of tho Increasing coat of siipplles which must be purchased by a rail? road ls obtalned by comrnrlng prloafl pald by tho Pcnnslvanla Railroad Com? pany hist year (1906) wltli those paid lho current yoar. Steel angles havo Increased ln prlce 31 per cent., bronze journal bonrlugs 25 por cent., copper 22 per cont., frelght cur wheels 21 per cont, and nialle.ahlo iron castings 20 per cent. Brass. and I tln .havo each Increased 16 per cent., j cnr nxlos und 'Crnsn tlns 12 per cent., rall braces S per cent., whlte piiu t lumber 8 per cent,, nml alr brulu 1 hoso 7 por cont. HOUSTON, TBXAS, July ' 27.?Tlu So.uttiorn Pnclflc. Hallroad has lll'ed an ; Injunctlon sult to restraln tho ltall road OoiiinilsBloii from enforcing an ordor to run oertaln truius, Thls sturtt ,a goneral llght 011 tho powers of tlu I coiiiini.sslon. THE RESOURCES OF HALIFAX COUNTY Rich in Tobaceo, Grain, Fruits, Good Lands, Water and in 'Minerals. TEN BANKING INSTITUTIONS HOUSTON, VA., July 27.?Facts about old Hallfax counly, Its natural resources, lts cllmate, lts produets and the opportunities avallable alike ln agrlculture, manufacturlng, minlng and other fields, together wlth lts history, hnve been Interestingly compiled by Dr. Alfred J. Morrlson, and publlshed ln pamphlet form by the board of su? pervisors of the county for' distribu? tion at thu .lumostown Exposition. Hallfax county, which is ln south cen? tral Virginia, and borders on tho North Carollna llno, has an area of SOO square miles, and forms part of tho great undulatlng plain which gently rlsos from the llmlts of tlde-wator to tln, low broken ranges of hllls that make the outlines of tho Bluo Bidgo mountalns. The county ls dlvlded in? to elght dlstricts?Banisteiy . ~~3h-c.li, Black AValnut, Meadsville, Mt. ' Cur inol, Ked Hnnk, Ronnoko and Staun? ton. Tbe Banlster dlstrlct ls the prln? clpal coimnerclnl and manul'nctoring one, und Hs produets aro sold ln nll parts {>i the country. Its tobaceo mnrket Is ln si/.e tlie second of lts | type ill tlie State, whlle lta wholesale houses have boen ou the road through? out the South und Southwest. In thls dlstrlct nre located the towns of South Boston and Houston, ihe principal towiin di* the eounty. South Boston I hns a uuniber of varied industrles, the ! must imporin.ni. of whleh aro_ four large tobaceo stemmeties, twelve to? baceo prly.eries; two buggy and wagon works, ono of whleh turns out 14,000 vehlelOH a year; cloth, dress goods und eolton mllls und lumber plants. Five of the county's ten buuks aro ln South Boston. Houston, whlch ls thfe county seat, has an electrlc-llght plant, flour mill, two corn mills, two hotels. two hui'dwaru stores, three dry goods stores and four grocorles, ouo of whloh ls wholesalo. The Meadsville district ls a typicul brlght tobaceo sectlon, hav? ing llght, quick solls, whleh mako tho necessary texture und colorlng. ltcd Bank I.s Ihe minlng dlstrlct, and thero is onough wuler-puwer nt H/co falls to smelt copper and vetlne pol'd at many points ln that : portion of tlio Virginia belt which is lu thls dlstrlct. ln the Roanoke dlstrlct the Talley falls have sufllcient water-power to supply mnny manufacturlng plants. The Staunton dlstrlct also produces tlne bright tobacco, whlle tho Birch, Black Walnut, Mt. Carmel, Boanoke, Staun? ton and Banlstor dlstrlcts are especi? ally adapted to tlio ralslng of grain ahd stock, tho latter ' belng particu? larly followed with much success iu the Mt. Carmel and Birch dlstrlcts. Frults, vegetables and dalry products nre also produced throughout tho vari? ous distrlcts, while the cuttlng of tim? ber, including hlckory, oak, plno and poplar, Is belng very successfully conducted. ln minerals the county has iron ore, slate and copper depos? its, tho latter belng conslderably worked. Tho county's minernl 'springs are noted for their mediclnal valuo, being of much tho same quality as tho famous Buffalo Lithia Springs, which aro only three milos froni tho county's eastern boundary. Thero are ten banklng instltutions; located ln dlfferent parts of tho counS ty, and theso haye an aggregatn de? posit of over $1,250,000. i'hoy are all ln a healthy condltlon, and hava been important factors in the development of tho county's commercial and Indus? trial enterprises. Amplo transporta tion facllltios aro furulshod by tlio .Southern and Norfolk and AVestern rallwaya' and their several branches, nnd theso wlll bo further Increased by tho Vlrginian Railway, which pural lols the Staunton rivor to tho north, and all of tl^eso affordlng outlets by tholr connections to overy part of tho country. The county ls well supplied with educatlonal Instltutions, having thlrtoen white nnd liftecn negro graded schools, three whlto high schools un? der Stato control. ono lncorporated whlto hlgh school and two lndepend? ent negro hlgh schools, nnd all of them nre belng added to aH the uttendaneo grows. Tho history 'of tho county has beon esneclaily woll treatod by Dr. Morri son, who has dlvldod his stibjoct-inat ter Into flvo Important p'erloda which havo had peculiar bearlng upon lls people. i : ? 11 en to (io, NEW YORK, July 27.?lt Is rumorei tluit ln Its summer reductlon of ex? penses requlred by tha Now York Con trul llnes management, tho Lako Shori wlll thls month dlspanso wlth the ser? vlco of a total of 1,000 men employei in Its llvo largest shops. Ii ln nol doubtt'd, liowovor, that thls is tem? porary i tor work that must bo done wlll nat allow of the long suspeiislon. (ln ti Strike. EL PASO, TKXAS, July 27.?Ail the Auierioah employes ou the Pnrral aud Purango Rnilroad ln Chlhiiahua owned by Plttsburg rapitnllsts, aie on ii sitrlkci for hlgher wuges. Trains ara movlng. however. SlfflT LAWS AS TO BANKING But lt is Popular With Bankers and thc Public as Well. THE NORTH CAROLINA IDE/s BALKIGH, N. ('... July 27.?The nev bnnklug law of Norlh Carollna, pre? pared by a commlttee of tlie Leglsla ture of 1903, working Iu conjnnctloi with a committeo of bankers ap polnted by tho North Cnrollna Bankers .Associatlon, seems to ba a good one for lt Is llked. by tho people as wei as tho bankers. Under thls law a banl cnn ho organlzed wlth a capllnl stocl of $5,000; each stockholdef Is linbh for nn asaessment to mako good i loss equal to his holdlngs; tli Ih lndl vidual llabllity of tho stookholdor l for hls pro rata amount, and not eacl for all; tho bank cannot own rea estate, except for a building In ivhlcl to do its own buslness, or tomporarll: to save a debt. Tho law of 11)03 puts a State banl ou about tlie samo basis witb a na tlonal bank Tlie deposltor is wei protected. Under ihe new law a State bunk 1 undor the control of the Corporntloi Commission, whleh grants charter u'uil appolnts nu oxnmlner, who make hls examlnatlons Just us doos tho na tlonal hank oxaminer. Beforo 1903 th I.eglslnturo granted ull hanU charters and ench nnd every bank hnd lts owi pecullar form or charter. No Ishiie of (urri'iic.v. No provlslon ls mado for the lssu of eurreney by the Stato, for the reasoi tiiat the national govomment control tiiat by lovyjng a tax of 10 per cont on ull hnnk notes Issuod by authorlt l(,|- Stato law. Tbe tax ls prohibltlv. Spyoral years ago there was conshl urahlo talk uuout tho constltutlonalit of tlio m per cent. tax on all ban! j notes Issued by tho authorlty of th IState, and un effort was made to hav jtlin law, roquirlng tlio tax, repealei but t1'" movoiiiont wns not a popula .'one. It was discovered during thi agilutlon that the people pre fer u uni fnrm bunklng eurreney und don't wan Mlfforonl klnds of money for ditturou States. Therefore, tho movement t jtest tho oonstltutlonaltty of tho lu pe icent, law, or to havo It rcponled, \:h lubandoliod, and, cunscquenUy, in mos Of the Statos there Is no law providim fpr the Issuo of Stato bank notes. Th JNorth' Carollna Stato banks,'ns well a almost all other Stato banks, lu thi (Contlnued on Socond Pa?re.) Story Told in Suit Now in Progress in United States Court. MAJ. LEWIS GINTER WAS FIRST PRES'T J. B. Duke Planned tlie Trust, Succccdcd Ginter as Its Head, j and Now Controls the To? bacco Industry of the World With $500, 000,000 Capital. The still ugninsl the American To? bacco Company, popularly known aa the Tobacco Trust, by the United Statos government now ln progress ln Now York, ls of widespread Interest to the people of the whole country, but, especially is it so to the peoplo of. Rlc}imond, of Virginia and of North; Carolina, whero nre 'located Bo many' plants elther directly or Indlrectly conlrollod hy the company or lt* ofllcers, In no sectlon of tho country ara. thero so many tobacco plants ln opora-. tlon aa there are ln Vlrginla and North . Carolina, and lt ls an interestj-g rtar rativo to show how these varloua lnde pendent plants gradually fell under tho> control of the comblne. and how, wlthln the last aevonteen years practlcally tho entire tobacco industry, wlth the single exceptlon of the manUfaotur of cigurs, has becomo tho , absolutor property of the AmSrlcan Tobacco Company. lt may bo said that Rlchmonfl waa the original homo of the organipatlpn, for the old American Tobacco Com? pany was the flrst examplo of what a.' gigantic combinatlon could do, arid th?' llrst president of thls was Major liOwJ Clinter, of Richmond, who was kriown. all ovor .tho world as a manufacturei? of cigarettes. Father of Trusts. To J. B. Duke, of North Carolina, howeveri belongs tho title of the fathor of trusts In Amerlcn, for ln hls fertllo braln was born the Idea whlch ha? slnce boen adopted by tho great cap talns of financo throughout America, ?nd whicli has resulted ln placlng aU Uie great prodpcis, such as steel, iron, oll, heirip, rubber,. llquor, twlne, and, ln fact, a hundred others,,ln the control of practlcally ono bpdy-jb.f rheii. kllllng Conipt-tltfon, and rillnlng those ind'e- . pendent business: men who endeayored. to compete in trade. 'i.'. \ Ti It Is' interesting to remember that tho beginnlng of the tobacco trust was so exceedingly modest, for It Ib a well- , known fact that Major Ginter, havlng, failed in businoss, began wlth Mr. Allen the manufacture. of cigarettes on tan oxeeedingly small scale and' without practlcally any capltal behlnd tli em. Tlve same story ls true of Mr. J. B. Duke. for in 18S5. flve years be? fore the beginnlng of ' the American'' Tobacco Company, tho firm of W. Duke, Sons & Company, of which Mr. J. B. Duke was a member, was in dire llnan- , clal stralts, aud it was only a ro dtiutidn of tlio tax on olgarattea at this tlme that saved tho Duke concern , from .bankruptcy. The story of tho 'tobacco trust was told'ln The Tlmes-: Dispatch of Decembor 7, 1904, at tho timo when the American Tobacco Com? pany (old), the . Contlnental, Tobacco, company and the Consolidated Tobacco Company were combined undar tha tltlo of the American Tobacco Company: (new), but slnce that timo' such start? ling changes have takep place that it ts well, In view of the fact that tha' government is taklng such strenuouS steps to stop the fast strldes of tha trust, to tell the story anew. Ctgarette Trnst. Shortly after 1885, when the concern, ln whlch Mr. J. B. Duke was a partnes had become powerful through tha in? troductlon of a cheap clgaretto, ten for flvo cents. the price beforo having, oeon ten for ten cents, the futuro head,. of the tobacco trust determlned to make un attempt to unlte all the groat cigarette factories of the country. For nearly flve years Mr. Duko'labored on thls scheme, but lt was not untll 1890 thnt he succeeded in brlnglng together Allen & Ginter, ot Richmond; W. Duke, Sons & Company, of Durham; tha Klnney Tobacco Company, of New Vork; XV. S. Kimball & Company, ot Hochoster, and Goodwln & Company, of Now Vork. Those live concerna wera tho original members of the to? bacco trust, and practlcally controllod tho entire output of cigarettes in Amerlcn, producing 85 per cent. of tha buslness, Tho plun was to charter a company to bo known as tho American Tobacco Company, undor tho laws of Vlrginla, but thls plan wan defeated by tho actlvlty of Mr. Hai Flood, then a monitior of the General Assembly. The blll grnntlng the charter was passed on December 18, 1889, but tho next day, December 19th, Mr. Flood offered a resolutlon leuuiting th keeper of tlio rolls to wlthhold tli blll. und on PeOember "Olh, Mr. Floo offered a bill lvpeullug tlio act whi granted tlio Aniciicuii Tobacco Co pany a uharter. This ropeal meas was flnnlly passed on February M, lijj Thln actlon ol'1 the Ueglnhituro, J by Mr. Flood, has kept much bustif oui ot' tho Htalo of Virginia, andj io a great extont deprhed tho __Li ot a largo amount of revenue. SCL true that foreign corporations pm 7 Stato n charter tax'aiul other fe? thn fact remalns that had tho can Tobacco Company boon v\'i under the lnwa of Virglnla t._ would havo recelved lu taxes t;^"-?"' compnny slnco 1903, whon "___? corporntion laws wont Into less than $105,725 ln addltl amount that ls now pald would have uvoraged $21,14. and would have pald tlie^ain, "?*-/ the Uovuntor of Virglniu ii~"~'l tnry of the CommonweklWpOlT \rt~r?) tor, thfi Treasurer. tho .84% irtr* A the Comniissioncr. of Insi-QO^ alL,{l Couiniisaioner of Labor. ,"'' W Orlgluul Cow .. f In January, 1890. thnpn t W.' chartored under tlie le'"*"1* ' fH| uey wlth 826,000,000 w it which was ulght flaia S?;XchflM ?*e 164anC