Newspaper Page Text
DAILY? ?V KiOKLY?SUNDAY. liu.Sticu OtUca.tU K. Main btre.t South lUchmond.?BO Hu? Street P.teraburg liureau....10? N. Sycamore Street l.yncbburg liurotu.SU Eighth StrMI BY On* Six Tora* Oat POSTAGE] 1'AID Yaax. Moi Moa, atu. Dally wltb Sunday.WOO JL*0 ILM l>> Daily without s.'t.Jt.y. 4.00 ?.00 LOO .34 Sunday .Jition oolj.10? LOO AO .U Weekly (Wadnoaday).LOO .*? .? By Times-Dlspatcn Carrier Dotlv.ry 6?r .ice la itlchtnond land .uburba) au* l'eter? tmrg? ' On* Week Dally wlib 6un.lay......It cent! Dally without Sunday.10 ceotl Sunday ooly. ? caau i Enternd jHnuary T7. 1S05. at Rlchtaon?. Va, a. eeccnd-olaa. matter under act of Cou (?eea uf March J. 1S7&. SATURDAY, JULY S. 1911. SWANSO.VS GREAT SPEECH FOIt GOOD ROADS. The Hon. Claude A. Swanson made an able speech in the United States Sen? ate yesterday In advocacy of tho ap? propriation of money by the United States Government for the Improve? ment of the public roads. We are not persuaded that the Government should provide for this work. There are many rea.-ons why it should not. The fact that the Government has entered upon other enterprises of doubtful authority does not convince us that It should enter upon still other enterprises ot like doubtful authority, but it must be sold that Senator Swanson has put the case very strongly. Senator Swan con bases his claim to Federal aid for the construction <?f public highways In the several States of the Union upon the ground that ns the several Slates and their local au? thorities provide for the construction Of ?'ood public highways, the Federal Government ought to dr. the same thine the travel over these roads now being National as well ns State and local. Last year the Government paid the railroads Of the country $50,142,200 ] for carrying the mails. The Govern- 1 ment now expends $42,000,000 annually for the rural delivery Of the malls. In this service one million miles of public roads have now been made post roads, practically, by their use by the Federal Government In Its mail service. The establishment of the rural deliv? ery of the malls by the abolition of "all star routes" and poSt-OtflceS has saved the Government more than $26,000,000. The Government has ex? pended, r.nd Is continuing to expend, millions of dollars every year for the Improvement "f the rivers and the har? bors of the country, and it has contrib? uted immense tracts of Government land* in aid of the construction of railroads In Senator Swanson's opin ?' .on. it should now turn Its attention to the construction of the public roads in the country, s? that there shall be a ?fair distribution of the Government: money and that the millions of people who do not share directly in the ad? vantages of river and harbor improve- | men! would derive Immediate benefit from the construction of a system ot public highways that would enable them to transact their business at an immensely reduced cost. For the purpose of carrying out nis plans touching this great matter. Sen? ator Swanson has Introduced a bill providing thut the Government' shall appropriate 120.000.000 annually for the t.t'xt five years tor the purpose of Improving the post-roads and rural delivery routes now used by the Gov? ernment, tp4s>''|2Oj)00,0O0 to be divided I amons the (Rates according to popu? lation, excluding in the estimate cities Which have a population exceeding 150,000; as shown by the lnst census. Senator Swanson hopes to remove all constitutional objections to the bill by limiting the use of the appropriation HSked for to the post routes and rural delivery routes; but he adds: "There is scarcely a road which is used to any considerable extent that Is not used by the United States Government, either as a rural delivery route or a star route." If the appropriation should be used in this way It would open more than one million miles ot roads to which Government aid might be applied. The bill farther provides that the Slate and local authorities shall furnish an amount etiual to that supplied by the Federal Government for the construction of rouda within their boundaries, and In this way ihe burden of construction would fall equally upon the Federal Government end the Sti - and the local communi? ties benet'.li by tho building of these fads The last national platform of both| parties "demands" Federal aid for the building of public rounds. The Repub? lican "demand" is not so definite and | Clear as that of the Democratic plat? form, which lattf!- instrument ricclarcB: "We favor Federal aid to Stale and I local authorities in the construction and maintenance of post-roads." We have given Senator Swanson's plan In brief, and It Is a plan, that ?will appeal to millions of people throughout the country. There are in the United Stutes to-day 2.155,000 miles of public roads, less than 200.coo miles Of which have been mScada mixed or Improved by hard surfacing The Dv iritge con of hauling the products of the fields and forests over these roads Is twenty-three cents per ton per rnlle. In France the average cost Is seven tents per ton per rnlle, and in. Eng )and and Germany about clever, cents, Jt Is estimated by good authority that If tlie more Important and main lines of our public road system were Im? proved as the road* In Franco and Greut Britain nr,d Germany have h?,en Improved, the .cos! of hauling ove; th?-ae roiida woild be reduced to about twelve or thirteen cents per ton per mile, and this would result In nn nnnunl saving to the peorlo of tho Unttod j States In tho single Item of hauling I alono of more than J250.000.000 annu ; ally. The building of good road3. In 1 addition to a reduction of the cost of j porting our stuff to market, would en? hance the value of our agricultural lands, improve our school faollttlos, establish closer social Intercourse be? tween tho people living in the country districts, and. it has been estimated, save tho people the loss of at least $400,000,000 the year, which has been credited to the account of wretched country roads by some of tho econo? mists who have given tho subjoot much attention. There is a very etrong son tlment, however, that the Government should not engage In furthor ventures v 1. . will Impost) larger burdens upon tho tax-payers of this country. Scnntor Swanson believes thnt he has guarded tho constitutional objec? tions that will be made to his plan, nnd he has presented tho caso so clearly that It must be determined now upon its merits. Great progross hns been tnado In a number of Slates in the building of good rouds by their own efforts, nnd this, in our opinion, is the better plan. In the States of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and In other States, perhaps, tho public high? ways have been built and maintained by tho extension of State aid to thai local authorities. While he was Governor of Virginia. I Governor Swanson performed a most valuable servlco In pressing this lin- j portant measure to its adoption in :his Stnte. and with many good results, there being now in this Stnte 500 miles of good roads, well constructed and capable of the hardest use, with groat advantage to the people. In sixteen' counties of Virginia, bonds for the con- | siructlon of permanent roads have been Issued to the extent of $2,823,000. In North Carolina great advances have been mane In public highway construc? tion, and the question Is whether the F- deral Government, already over? loaded with obligations for enterprises lyinrr outside of the strict line of Gov? ernment duty, shall now embark in an- I other enterprise calling for still larger appropriations of money from tho pub- | lie treasury, all of which, it must be] borne In mind, will come llnally out of the pockets of the people. \ I. I i) 11?A HA 1XMAKP.U. The drought in Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska and In other places has caused the farmers to sigh for she rainmaker who wns in his glory sev? enteen years ago. A few rainfalls must be exacted from the skies, and there ought to be some man who cauld do tho job. There was a rainmaker seventeen years ago, asserts tho Ohio State Journal, who could make It rain nnd who did make It rain. He brought rain thnt saved the crops seventeen yours ago, we are told. He was Clayton B. Jewell. He Is not to be confounded with General DyrenfOrth, who went into tho Texas prairies and tried to shoot down some storms. The General's method was to send bombs or other explosives into thu air and thus shake the water out of the clouds. He probably based his theory on the fact that generally after great battles there Is a rain, presuma? bly caused by the gunpowder. He mudu many efforts to accomplish his end. but ho failed. The Govommiinf, after spending $25,000 on the experi? ment, withdrew, coming to tho con? clusion that rain could not be forced by shaking the welkin. Jewell's method was wholly dissimi? lar. He placed no reliance on explo? sives. He pinned his faith in chemi? cal reaction. He made n gas out of ammonia, metuHlr sodium, caustic pot? ash, aluminum and the black oxide of manganese. The gas so made is much lighter than air, and it went immedi? ately into tho regions where rain is innde. Then, through u chemical com? bination, it vacuum was produced, Into which tho watery vapor rushed and, thero dirtused. fell In torrunts of rain over the thirsty ncids. This was tho theory, generally speaking. More definitely it was oo lleved that this volume of gas. 4,000 to 8.ooo feet up in the air, turned cold suddenly, droppod with a rush, making n vacuum Into which the moisture rushed, forming clouds and creating a storm. Thus It worked nnd thus It rained. The farmers would liko to see Jewell around again, but he Is no? where to be found, it is to be hoped that he can bo apprehended and brought to Virginia to work over? time. SACKCLOTH POn SOUTH CAROLINA.' The Fourth of July was redhot in Sparenburg County. South Cnrollnn. and particularly nt the Cowpens und ftt Dfay t?nj where Governor Bleaso delivered himself of romc burning Thought that fairly made the empyrean blare with a light that never yet was known In the grand old Commonwealth of John C. Calhoun, George McDuMe, Hen TUlman and E. D. Smith. Some of the facts have been corning out about the masterful utterances of this masterful man. of which the outside world should bo apprised. Of course, we have to depend upon the reports that have been made In the local pa? pers for our Information, nnd, while we have not the least doubt that they have report cd'faith fully what the Gov? ernor said, we wish to place ihe re? sponsibility where it belongs. Ther* has been some talk about impeaching Governor Please for vari ous and sundry nets which hive proved beyond Question his utter un fitness for the office, whleh he dlsgrnces?In? deed, we believe that we were the tirst to .suggest this method of getting 11*1 ot him and all his works: but it eeemr that Impeachment is impossible let that at least one \ j thlrj of tho Stnto Semite la composed j of inert who are of tho same kidney, i Instead of being alarmed by threats of lmpoachmont; for It must bo un? derstood thnt Governor Blease "ain't or scared o' nothln'." ho made bold to ' i tell the people at Druyton that If ho j Khould bo Impeached ho would go to ' tho United States Senate as the sue I cossor of Senator B. R. Tillman. Out i tho Governor's utterances were the i things that added zest to tho Fourth j In Spartanburg, and a few oxeerpts j will show what they wero llko. Asked to say something about Pro ! hlbitlon, the Governor replied: "If you j can show me where there Is any pro- i hlbitlon In South Carolina (South Cur j ollna Is u Prohibition State by law, j I which tho Governor Is under onth to j execute) I'll talk about It." Referring I to mnny requests ho had received I from the authorities of different coun ' ties to send State constables into these counties to enforce the liquor laws, ' tho Governor said that he told them ! that "since they had voted to bo dry ' they could enforce the liquor laws us ; best they could." Telling a story about how a little boy had been taken by hint into the 1 Governor's ofllce in tho Stnte House and had been told that the oflioe and I the building wero the property of nil the citizens of the State, the Governor said: "But by citizens, I mean white ' \ men?not upes and baboons;" tho same being the elegant language In which he spoke of the colored people of I ho State. This explanation of his mean? ing of the Story he had told the little boy. who may grow up some day to be Governor of the State, led tho Gov? ernor in his speech nt Drayton to a stirring denunciation of the negroes. After declaring that the Caucasian race must dominate, and that if an inferior race got in its way "a little gunpowder und a few buckshot are often the most off active remedy.' the Governor dropped Into a discussion I of th? crime of lynching. Declaring himself to ue in favor of lynching, he , expluined that the reason there had I been no lynching in South Carolina i j since he became Governor was "be I cause the negroes knew that he wo lid , I not cull out the military to protect | ! them from lynching if they insulted J white women." "If any woman of his ' family was insulted by a negro all I he would ask was thai the negro be caught; he would do the rest." Naturally, the next subject upon which the Governor touched was the j question of education, to which a great deal 01 serious attention has been given j In the State in recent years. Some of 1 the teachers are now travelling In Europe "and enjoying themselves, and ; at the same time drawing salaries from the State as members of the fac? ulty of some of the State educational institutions. The excuse for permit? ting them to travel in Europe was that they were being trained to teach." I This was more than the Governor could stand, and in n burst of wither? ing Indlgnntion lie exclaimed: "But why the devil were they employed to teach if they didn't know how al? ready ?" Speaking of the South Carolina Cni verslty, one of the oldest and best of nil the higher Institutions in the South, the Governor declared that It hnd given no men to public office, whereas Wofford College had "produced Sena? tor R. D. Smith." "And Henry Snyder (the President of Wofford College) has more sense and educntlon than Dr. Mitchell has brains enough to learn." Dr. Mitchell Is known to everybody in Richmond as one of the most capa? ble teachers in the South, and has di? rected the nffatrs of the South Caro j lina University with rare Judgment and most excellent success. Dr. Snyder is also a very able man. nnd it would ; I be cruel to charge against him the ' i endorsement ot Governor Blease. Getting down to the question of his ; exorcise of the pardoning power, Gov? ernor Blease announced the proposi? tion that men ought not to be pun? ished too severely for crimes com? mitted in the heal of passion. "When a man got into a quarrel nnd drew a pistol and killed his untngontst he ought not to be Judged too severely. [ There nre good men in the penitenti? ary, men of as good families as yours j or mine, and there are a lot of people in the penitentiary who ought to he I out. nnd u lot who are out who ought I to be in." We have room for only one more sample of the sort of meat on which Ibis man would feed the people of his Slate. He believes in standing by his friends and of never forgiving his enemies, and then followed this bit of blasphemy which ought to make the sober-minded people of South Carolina ashamed of themselves for ever glv : ing their votes to such a man for their Chief Magistrate: "He hnd been told thnt this was not the proper spirit, nnd that he should consider the ex? ample of the Saviour, who said of those whii persecuted Him, 'Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do!' Governor Blease said he had no forgiveness for his enemies, because they knew very well what they were do'ing." Governor Blease Is one of the pro? ducts of the primary system of elec I lions in South Carolina. SCRANTOX'S NMA 1,1. COUNCIL. Within the past fortnight, a council i of five members was Inducted to of (l( e in Scranton, Pennsylvania, which has only" about two thousand moit? population than Richmond In a few minutes, the legislative branch of Serin ton's city government was j changed from the old order of slxty two members in two branches of coun? cil to a single body of five members. The president of the council and the COunCllmen will receive J2.<>oi) the year ror their services. Comicilmeh who min? special or regular meetings of the council or committee sessions will ' bo fined $6 for each dorollctlon. Tho ' not of tho Lcglsluturo creating this I council of flvo ftxcd tho maximum sal ? ary of councljmon at $6,600 tho year, j and tho minimum salary at $2,000 tho j year. The council itself was ompow cred to fix tho salary between thcso two figures. It promptly solocted tho ' minimum salary. This ohange in Scranton will bo watched with interest i here, for the practically ldontlcal sizes of Richmond and tho Ponnsylvanla city afford an opportunity for demonstrat? ing; to the formor what tho latter might accomplish by way of better government and more modern method.i. OXE IN TBK MILLION; Robert A. Tlbhald Is one of the queerest and rarost politicians who ever lived. Until a few days ago he was register of Bergen county. New .lorsey. nt a salary of J6.S00 tho year. Last fall when he became a candi? date, he took the stump and asserted that tho office for which ho was run? ning was useless and an outrageous burden upon the people. He pledged himself. If elected, to use all of nls Influence and power to havo the of? fice abolished. Ho won his race, and his first efforts were to redeem his singular, but nono the loss splen? did, pledge. He had a bill abolishing the ofTlco introduced Into the legis? lature, and It was passed, taking ef? fect July l. On the Fourth of July, Mr. Tlbbard celebrated by giving a dinner to a number of his friends. Hero is a man who deliberately and gladly destroyed his own public Job and then celobratid It as a Joyous event. If Mr. Tlbhald would only come to the Old Dominion and exhibit himself, ho could get twice the money he would have received In tie' now defunct office. A Virginia officeholder who wishes to ' abolish his own Job would be harder I to find than the care; ss of a dlno saurus?in fact, us some of the Ulli- I eratl might say about the dlnosaurus, "there ain't no sich animal." Imagine j a clerk of court or some other otiice.r In Virginia running on a platform which demanded tho abolition of the office sought! Imagine an officeholder favoring tho abolition of tho foe sys- j teml No. there are no Tlbbalda In Virginia, where many a fat fee offi- 1 cer waxes but never wnnea. Pome of the weather sharps have , reached the conclusion, after mature deliberation, that the Kiosk up In Capitol Square is to blame for it all, j and it Is expected that Judge John H. Ingram, of the Court of Law und Equity, who has already pronounced an opinion on tho subjeot. will to-day enter formal Judgment ordering the hated thing off the grounds. If he is not too busy hunting up his witnesses to prove that Commander Peary took his bear-skins up at Etah, : we should ilke to have il word or two ; from Dr. Frederick A. Cook, the Orlg inal Discoverer of the North Polo,! about What the people in that region ' .lo when the weather is as hot as it has been in Richmond for the last two weeks. "A Header" requests 'i he Times Dispatch to ask the Churches of Klch mond to hove a special prayer service on Sunday (to-morrow) morning "praying God to bless us with rain" Josephus Daniels, of the Raleigh j News and Observer, appears to have , a very good opinion of Dr. Dodd, one of the "hired men" of John D. Rocke- ^ feller's Chicago University, and is dls- I posed to pat him on the back for his recent "dell" of old Rockefeller in his speeches In this Stale. "But." says Josephus, "Dr. Dodd is a North Caro- , Unlan?one of Bancroft's 'freest of the free," and before he would permit him self to be muzzled, he would return to the farm. That's the true North Caro- i Una spirit." If we did not think so well of the farm, we should say that ; that Is precisely where lie ought to go. The National Educational Association ' is now in session at San Francisco. Under the direction of Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, of Chicago, It has had a sue- \ cessful and inspiring year. There was a good deal of excitement lost year when she "downed" the "machine.' and her "progressive friends have In? sisted that she .-hall stand for re-elec? tion, but she has declined to do so. being content with the honors she has received and wi,llng to give some? body else a chance. Mrs. Young will devote her efforts at this convention mainly toward agitating and further? ing the movement for better compen? sation for teachers, a work in which she will have the unnnlmous support oi the teachers piesent and the teach? ers throughout the country. Subject for discussion nt to-night's session of tho Chesterfield Conversa? tion Club ill. Relation of Hot Weather to Our opinions of Our Pel low-Citizens, With Annotations aa to Why the Men Haven't Got Sense Enough to Wear Thin Clothing in Hot Weather." Don't wait lor tho General Govern? ment to improve the public roads In yotn neighborhood, but go to work and do it yourselves. You will have to pay for ihrm In the end at any rute. ?Who will defeat Blease?" asks the Sp'artanburg Herald. We should say that tin- people of south Carolina ought to do it. and will do it if they have any sense of decency left. in iiu Rummerfield Methodist Church at Mnrlmr Harbor, stolen Island, church aervlces have been altered to fit the style in women's hats. Here? tofore, during the communion service, it has icon customary for the com 1 munlcants to kneel ot tho altar roll, ? but tho hnts sot so big that there i wob no room. Tho preacher oould not ! soo under tho brims of the millinery. ' So the women now stand in a row I and receive) tho sacrament. Voice of the People Ihr Democratic Primary In Norfolk. To the Editor of Tho Times-Dispatch: i Sir.?In view of tho fact that you : liuvo hud an editorial on the subject 1 of tho recent Democratic primary elOC | tion in Norfolk county, and of the many misleading publications in the newspapers of this Stute with regard thereto, and believing that you Uealre to be fair In the premises, I desire to mako a plain stutoment of the Tacts. A Democratic primary was regularly < ailed by tho Democratic Executive ! Committee of Norfolk county to bo , held on Juno 2S to nominate county j iind district officers In accordance with j 111o plan adopted by the Democratic , party of the State. Well known Dem? ocrats became candidates from both ; contending faottons for every county office, and from tho organization Dem? ocrats for every district office. A very active and heated canvass of a month's [ duration was had all over the county, and when tho returns wero canvassed by the County Democratic Committee, , upon the face of the same it was found that ull of tho candidates of the organization Democrats for county Of i Hees, and most of those for the dls i trlct offices, had a majority of cotc.-t least In their favor, and the commlt I tee thereupon so declared and granted I them certificates of their nomination, i Upon this, attorneys served notice thai there would be a notice of contest ?with specifications presented to the 'County Committee rft a future time, i'iifl suggested Saturday, the Stb div of July, as the time for tiling the same This was accepted I v the Coun? ty Committee, and July IS flx?d as the time for the contestces to file litelr answers, and on July !!<"> the taking Of testimony would be begun and con? tinued with reasonable dispatch until concluded, before a subcommittee- of the County Committee, whose duty it would be to return to the County Com- i mitteo all the evidence taken and their ; findings, which would then bo finally passed upon by the County Commit? tee. Both sides had Judges and watch? ers of their own selection at every polling place In tho county, and by j no one has there been any charge of | rraud against the organization Demo | crate as to the conduct of the elec? tion at a single precinct so far as LI knew or have heard, but to the | ? contrary many of the antl-organlza i tion watchers have declared that the ??lection was conducted fuirly by those in charge. This Is nothing more nor less than a red-hot fight between Democrats for [control of the offices In the county, and here, as elsewhere, under -init? ial circumstances, many Intempori.to ' things In the heated contest have been said, but. I repeat. 1 hove heard of I no one on the other side who has , s.'.ld that the officers Of election In one | fclngle instance committed fraud in tho conduct of the election, but their charges, so far as we are informed, cot-slst entirely of alleged Informali? ties and irregularities. Itepreponting . tlio organization Democrat.-. ! tyMert that we desire the fullest investiga? tion by the County Committee, and then, if thought' necessary by either side, that the State Central Commit? tee fully and calmly hear the whole I matter and judicially determine It be? tween the parties contending. Tho morning papers of Norfolk city have certainly been, to say the least, warmly partisan In taking us the gos? pel truth th? statements of the op? position, self styled ?Slralehtouts." and minimising those of the organisation Democrats, styled bv the "Straight oils" as "FuslonlSts, and we appeal to you and the Democratic public und , rress, of the State, to suspend judg ment until the matter has been fairly i determined hy our party authorities i I repeat this 's hut a fight between : Democrats, and must he fairly deter? mined by our party authorities upon the facts, before either side should be condemned, and this is all we ask I was a candidate in tne recent rri- i maty for the nomination to the Office or Commonwealth's Attorney, and upon the face of the returns was nominated by 193 majority. If this nomination WAS not fairly and honestly obtained I do not want an 1 would not have the office. R. C. MARSHALL. Portsmouth, July 7. The Purmer and Ills Team?A Parable. To the Editor of The Times-Dispatch: Sir.?Once on a time there was a farmer that had four horses. One wa. named Tom. and one was named Bill, and one was named Claude, and one was named Carter. And the farmer hitched Tom and Claude at the wheel, and he hitched Bill and Carter in the lead. But Bill and Carter said: "We w;u work better at the wheel, and Tom and Claude are not good wheel horses: but we are good wheel hor.-es." And Bill ar,d Carter kicked up with their hind feet and rejrei up with their fore feet, and they kicked at Tom and Claude violently.' And they kicked so violently that the farmer did not know how "to mike them stop kicking. And he said these four horses were a very fjne team until Bill and Carter took to kicking. And the farmer's load was not carried along as well as It was when the team pulled together. But Bill and Carter said their kicking helped to move the wagon. And the tarmer said: "I wonder If Hill and Carter will work any better at the wheel than Tom and Claude do?" And he and his family were wondering about this when I was last at his house. ROSEWELL PAGE. Daily Queries and Answers From a Sonic. Who wrote tho sons In which nrc the I words. "Till tho sun grows cold," and j what Is the full quotation generally ; used? A. P. These words arc from "Tho Bedouin Song." by Bayard Taylor, anil tho quo? tation Is: "I love theo. I love but thee, With a lovo that shall not dlo, i Till the sun grows cold. And the stars are old. And the leaves of the Judgment book unfold." nog Dn>?. When nre "dog days" due. and how long do they continue? MARY F. Q. Tho season commonly designated as dog days extends from July 3 to Au? gust 11. embracing forty days, usually being the period of greatest heat In I summer, though some tpodern almanac makers name the period from July 24 to August 24. Among the ancient.* it came to be callod "do^ days" because, in tne latitude of tue Mediterranean It happened to correspond with that In which the Dog Siar rose with the sun. The great heat of the Summer was as? cribed to the influence of tho star. It nppears now that the rising of this luminary In conjunction with the sun Is a most indefinite phenomena. It j wns by accident only that It coincided i With the hot weather season, for the time of its rising depends on the lati? tude of tho country, and Is later every year. Ing expressions: "As funny as a Chinese funeral" and "Knock on wood?" L. S. Search has failed to reveal tho ori? gins of those well-known phrases. Knocking three times on wood to avert disaster Is a superstition said to bo of Oerman origin, n ,, Transfer of Currency. How Is It transferred from one btnk to another when they are not located By express, whero actual currency Is transferred. Business between banks In different parts of the country In mostly by bills of exchange sent through the malls'. Xntlonn! Dcbtn. What is the amount of tht? nntlonn\ debt of England nnd the united Slates? Englsnd does not accumulate an In? dividual debt, her finances being In? cluded in those of the United Kingdom. In 1S09 this debt was 13,66?.931.350. The United States In the .-a rue vonr had a debt ot tl.02S.861,631. These sums do not Include the debts of th'j British colonies or of the Philippines. In the sumo place? C. D. TWO GREAT HONORS BESTOWED BY KING BY LA MARQUISE DE PONTEN OY. Probabi.v two of -the mofi extra? ordinary honors bestowed In connection with the coronation ol Kins George were the batons of field marshal conferred upon Lord Methucn and Sir William Nichol? son. This la an honor hitherto re? garded a* restricted to royal pcrson i ages anil to generals who have com ; manded-in-chiof a victorious army In ! the field. It is for services of this I character that It was granted to Lord Kitchener, to Lord Orenfell. to Lord Roberts, to Lord Wolseley, and to Sir Evelyn Wood; while Sir Oeorge White, received It for h.? gallant and suc? cessful defense ot Ladysmtth. which : had the result of turning the fortunes of the South African War in favor of j the Engluh. But Lord Methuen's name Is as- j sociated. not with any victories, but only with some of the most disastrous defeats of the Boer War; while Sir William Nicholson has never com? manded any army in the field, either victorious or otherwise, h'.s nearest approach thereto having been when 1 he was military secretary to Lord Roberts during the early part of the : Boer War. He is, however, a particu? lar chum and crony of the Minister of War. Lord Haldane. who appointed ; him chief of General Staff, and first member of the Army Council, where he has been the principal factor In assist* I ing Lord Haldane to reduce England's military defenses to a stale of ribSO* , .lute Chaos, abolishing the uld militia and volunteer forcer, which gave a good account of themselves*in the Boe. War, and supplanting them with the so-called Territorial Army, which In numbers and in training Is In the eye? of all military experts, English and , foreign, a lamentable farce, Sir William has ItstlngUlshod himself, moreover, by his intense animosity to Lord Kitchener, and is popularly re? garded as sharing half, if not three quarters, of the responsibility of Lord Haldane fur declining to aliow Lord Kitchener any vote In the military affairs of the natiun. and for depriv? ing him of any employment that is in keeping with his rank and his re? cord. Sir William, like Lord Kitchener, began his career in the army as a sap? per, that la to say. as a subaltern of the Royal Engineers, and his princi? pal experience of generalship In war. outside of that which he has gotten; from books, he obtained as principal English military attache at Japanese headquarters during the war In Man- i churia, where Field Marshal Oyama. ! and the other Japanese commanders. ! are understood to have Initiated him ' Into the Innermost of their secrets He Is very oplr.lated anil rancorous, has, like so many engineer officers, an extraordinary belief in the superior! ty of his own knowledge to that of everybody else. cannot understand why any one should prefer Kitchener to himself, and defers to no one, ex? cepting to Lord Haldane, whose ignor? ance of military matters Is such that he Is a'ule to lead him around by th? nose wherever thev are concerned. In fact Sir William Nicholson Is one of th-? most unpopular officers In the army, is far from being persona grata, with the King and Queen, who have a very warm tpot In their hearts for Lord Kitchener, and owes his position. And also now his baton of field mar? shal, wholly to the favor and good will of Lord Haldane. With regard to Lord Methuen, he | is. unlike Sir William, one of the moil popular soldiers in the British army, I although h;.- name was associated with ! disaster after disaster in the Boer I War. Indeed, it would be difficult to J find a general who was more persls- I tently dogged by misfortune through? out the entire South African cam? paign, from the time of the battle of I i'olenso. when his Highland brigade | was almost annihilated, and the gun? , lost, until shortly before the close of | the war. when a body of troops under i ? his command was ambushed and routed, he himself being badly wound. . ed and taken prisoner. He had al ; ready been wounded in the beginning I of the war, but.only slightly, and hl.4 [subsequent hurt had the effect of lam > Ing him for life. In spite of his ill luck, all his sol I dlers were devoted to Paul Methuen, I a tine type of the modest, chivalrous I soldier. Superseded In his command ? on the arrival In South Africa of Lord i Roberts, and the subsequent direction I of the campaign by Lord Kitchener, he ! asked only permission to remain in i the f!cll until the end *f the struggle, content to undertake any work as? signed to him. reeardlese of his sen? iority in rank. A man of conebieraMo fortune, a peer of the realm, with, a. beautiful country seal In England a'nd a charming family, he plodded away in the field, performing the most I wearisome duties. Including all sorts I of fatigue and hardships quietly and uncomplainingly, doing hla best, both for the country and for the men under his command. That Is why, Inste.ad of being shelved, along with other un | successful commanders at tho end of i the war, he was prompted to the i dignity of a Knight Grand Cross of 1 the Bath, the honor meeting with uni? versal approval, and a few years af I terwards received tho command-ln | chief of tho British forces in South Africa. Methuen wears on his breast, among j his other decorations, a medal which ' he received for a singularly gallant I act. while military attache of the Brlt | lsh embassy at Berlin. One bitterly ? cold winter day, while walking In the Thiergarten, he suddenly came upon a man who had broken through the thin Ice coating of the canal, and was drowning Without a momenta hesi? tation Lord Methuen Jumped In. and 'at length succeeded in bringing ihn man safely to the bank For this I Piece of pluck, old Emperor William I pinned on to the uniform of Methuen, at a Grand Cross reception, the Prus I flan medal for saving life: a meial I which w-as also tho first decoration ever won by tho late Prince Bismarck, and which to the end of his daya he I prized infinitely higher than any other j orders. Lord Methuen'a ancestral home in i Wiltshire known as Corsham Court. has been let during his absence In [ South Africa, to Louis Bruguiere, of 1 New York. It has been In the posses ; slon of tho Methuen family ever sinco 1 ihe reign of Queen Elizabeth Stand , lng on the site of the palace of a Saxon King, from whose time the deep and far-reaching cellars and vault! i date, ii comprises no less than a hun ! dred rooms, and contains a superb 1 collection of paintings, especially old masters, formed by that Paul Methuen ? who was Secretary of state to George 11., and his ambassador to Madrid and I to other foreign courts, and by John j Methuen, who after being Chancellor ! of Ireland, was ambassador to Portu? gal, where he framed that treaty for ' the mutual interchange of wines and i woolen manufactures which continue,* I to this day to he the basis of Great Britain's trade with Portugal. It has been asserted that the Meth? uen'a were of Dutch origin, tho idea being derived from John Methuen's In? timacy with King William III , who was a Dutchman. But this is not the case. They are In reality of Magy.ir stock. It seems that King Edgar Atheling. while traveling In Hungary, made the acquaintance there of a Hungarian noble, who accompanied him to England. There Edgar quar reled with William the Conqueror, and retired to Scotland, together with hla Magyar friend. The Scotcli King Mal? colm welcomed them both, and granted to the Magyar the lands of Methuen, In Perthshire, and his descendants adopted the territorial designation of the land as their surname. They moved to England In the reign of Henry VII., and settled at Corsham in the reign of the Virgin Queen, f Copyright, 1SU, by the Brentwo** Company.) Tie National Slate aid City'Bank Have removed to their temporary quarters at. 3,. ! 109 East Main St.: