The Washburn times. [volume], November 01, 1906, Image 6

About The Washburn times. [volume] (Washburn, Wis.) 1896-1976

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Hickory Trees.
It is rather a pity that our hickories
Should receive highest appreciation
from us when they are yielding up
their substance in roaring flames in our
fireplaces. For nowhere in the forest
world can we find a genus of trees
that is, as a whole, more attractive
and valuable than the genus hicoria.
Most of the hickories are beautiful in
summer when their glossy foliage is at
Its best. In autumn this foliage turns
the color of uncoined gold, and when
bare of leaves there is revealed an
oaklike twist to the branches which
makes these trees most picturesque
and beautiful objects in the winter
landscape. We have never made as
much commercially of the nuts as we
might well have done. Our Indian
predecessors knew how to make a
most attractive beverage from them,
and the early settlers pressed from
them an oil that was a luxury. The
pecan is the only hickory species that
has been developed and cultivated to
any extent, and this has only recently
begun its career as a cultivated tree.—
Country Life In America.
A Iloyal Locksmith.
Louis XVI. had a passion for the
locksmith’s trade, and it is said that
over his private library he had a forge,
two anvils and a vast number of iron
tools, together with all kinds of locks,
common as well as those of a secret
and elaborate variety. It was here
that the king would conceal himself
from the queen and the court to file
and forge with the infamous Gamin,
who taught him the art of lockmaking.
It is said that Gamin while teaching
the king his trade took upon himself
the tone and authority of a master,
and. according to this same master,
the king was good, forbearing, timid,
inquisitive and addicted to sleep. Louis
had also a great passion for timepieces,
and the difficulty which be found in
adjusting his clocks and watches is
said to have drawn from him the re
flection that it was absurd of him to
attempt to bring men to anything like
uniformity of belief in matters of faith
when he couldn’t make any two of his
timepieces agree with each other.
Don’t Talk 3lncli to Your Horse.
A horse who has always been made
to obey quickly will respond to com
mands from any one, whereas the
creature who has been petted and talk
ed to accords, unless hungry, scant at
tention to any one. We talk to horses
altogether too much, and it is a silly
and dangerous custom. “Whoa!” should
mean but one thing and, slip, slide or
fall, should meet with instant obedi
ence. Not another word should ever
be used, beyond possibly the order to
“stand over” in the stall (although even
that is best unsaid) except the “click”
of the tongue for increased speed. The
animal’s attention is kept if you are
silent. He does not know what you
will do next, and as he distrusts and
merely tolerates you, even as he fears
you, his anxiety is always to find out
what you wish done or what move yon
will next make.—F. M. Ware In Outing
Magazine.
Didn’t Know the Cipher.
The inability to read a cipher once
cost a notable of France his head.
When the Chevalier de Rohan was in
the Bastille his friends, wishing to let
him know that his accomplice had
died without confessing, passed the
following cipher, written on a shirt,
Into his dungeon: “Mg dulhxecclgu ghj
yxuj; lm ct ulge alj.” The cipher was
not a difficult one, being arranged by a
complete transposition of the alphabet,
but De Rohan did not have the clew,
and he puzzled over the meaningless
Words in vain. A solution of the rid
dle meant the guillotine or his free
dom, but the puzzle was beyond him,
and he pleaded guilty because he could
hoc dedlpher “Le prisonnier est mort;
II n’a rien dit.”
Origin of Croquet.
The origin of croquet is certainly in
volved in mystery. Some authorities
are of the opinion that it is founded on
the old game of “pale maille,” or pell
mell, from which we have the street
Pall Mall. This is described by Cot
grave in his dictionary as “a game
wherein a round box bowle is with a
mallet struck through a high arch of
yron,” and a picture of this in Strutt’s
“Sports and Pastimes” shows that
these had a strong resemblance to the
croquet implements of today.—London
Academy.
Labeled.
In the Legard house there was a
great dinner. After awhile the maid
was called, and the mistress said:
“Serve the dinner. There is no one
else to come except a relation of little
importance.”
Five minutes afterward the maid an
nounced in a loud tone:
“The relation of little importance!”—
I/O Scacciapensieri.
Try Silence.
The man who counts thirty in his
mind before he speaks soon discovers
that when he talks he says something.
Try silence for a change. It builds up
a wonderful reserve force in your phys
ical organization and surely overcomes
your temperamental inclinations to
babble.—Cairo Bulletin.
!
Disconraging.
She—Why do you look so worried,
Bertie? Did papa object? Bertie—No;
but he said: “It’s all right. You’ll soon
find out it’s useless to kick when
Neil’s head is set on anything.”
Levity and Gravity.
Scott—l played a funny trick on the
law of gravity this morning. Mott—
What was it’ Scott—Dropped a line to
my wife up in the mountains.—Boston
Transcript.
Giving alms never lessens the purse.
e-Spanish Proverb.
UHHJI ns
Histoiy of ludustry Since Dis
covery of Anthracite.
PENNSYLVANIA’S OUTPUT
This Country Mines One-Third of
Entire Coal Used in the World—
Miners Mostly all Foreigners—
Value of Production for 1904 Ex
ceeded That from All Copper.
Pennsylvania’s coal fields cover an
area of 15,500 square miles, and are
divided into two great regions—the
anthracite and bituminous, the an
thracite in the eastern central part of
the State, containing 500 square
miles, and the bituminous in the west
part, containing 15,000 square miles.
The discovery of bituminous ante
dates that of anthracite, and the de
velopment and first attempts to in
troduce them as articles of com
merce are replete with interest. Bi
tuminous was discovered early in the
eighteenth century, when the Penns,
who retained their proprietary
interest in the State, including the
Manor of Pittsburg, surveyed the
town of Pittsburg and at the same
time sold the privilege of mining
coal for home purposes near the
town at the rate of £3O for each
mining lot. The first shipment of bi
tuminous of any consequence was to
southern points on the Ohio River
and to Columbia, Penn., in 1804, and
consisted of 400 tons carried on a
raft.
#
Anthracite coal was discovered by
white people in 1770 on Sharp
Mountain, then in Northampton
County, near where the town of
Summit Hill, Carbon County, is now
situated, but many years before that
the Indians knew of its existence.
The records of Northampton Court
verify the discovery by showing that
patents were issued in 1780 with a
claim that Sharp Mountain contained
valuable coal deposits. The discovery
also at this date is shown by Scull’s
map of Pennsylvania of 1771, which
marks the place in Northampton
County where the coal was found.
The value of coal and its allied
products is astonishing. Towns and
cities are springing into existence id
Pennsylvania, and grow with a ra
pidity that causes the most conserva
tive to marvel. Her cities contain
more solid wealth in proportion to
their population than any other cities
in the country.
The total number of industries in
the State that use coal is 52,170, and
the value of the output in 1905 was
$1,720,108,250 .
The total amount of anthracite
mined in 1904 was 62,595,644 tons,
while the amount sold was 58,057,-
477 tons. Almost 4,000,000 tons per
year are used about the mines and
towns for generating steam and do
mestic purposes. The average num
ber of persons employed in 1904
was 160,579. The sum of the wages
was $26,065,400. The average year
ly earnings for 1904 were $574.28,
an individual increase over 1903 of
$82.85, or 16.8 per cent. This aver
age increase in the earnings of em
ployees included 24,134 persons who
worked in and about the breakers,
mostly boys.
The total number of tons of bitu
minoas mined and sold in 1904 was
97,490,708, the average price of
which was sl.Ol. The persons em
ployed numbered 146,330, and they
earned $16,134,195. Coke to the
value of $56,000,000 was also manu
factured in 1904.
It is of interest to note that the value
of the output of anthracite alone in
the State for 1904 exceeded all the
copper and silver mines in the United
States for 1904, when the copper
output amounted to $88,134,770,
gold $74,525,400, and silver $30,-
520,668, or a total of $195,380,798,
while the total output of coal at the
mines amounted to about $200,000,-
000 and at seaboard, $300,000,000.
The centralization of mining in
terests is being brought about by the
merging of the different railroad
companies, and it is asserted that be
fore long one gigantic syndicate will
control both the anthracite and bitu
uminous output, and with it the des
tinies of 325,447 men and boys who
are employed In both fields.
Of this vast army of mine work
ers, including men and boys, more
than 70,000 are immigrants from
Continental Europe. Those employed
from the inception of mining until
within a few years were natives of
Wales, Cornwall, Germany, Ireland,
and Scotland. Now these nationali
ties and their descendants are being
replaced by Poles, Lithuanians, Syr
ians, Greeks, Galicians and Hungar
ians, not only as miners, but in com
mercial pursuits also. Owing to the
great physical endurance these im
migrants possess they are well
adapted to the arduous labor of coal
mining, and they have proved that
they make good American citizens
by the vast amount of real estate
they own and the successful battle
they make in the stress of modern
competition.
The United States mines one
third of the entire coal product of
the world, and of this amount Penn
sylvania has the distinction of turn
ing out about one-half.
New York’s Rapid Growth.
New York State now has a popu
lation of a little more than 8,000,-
000, or about 800,00 more than it
had five years ago. New York city is
growing more rapidly than the rest
of the State. The annual growth has
been larger, says the Youth’s Com
panion, than the total population of
Syracuse or St. Joseph or Memphis
or Los Angeles, or Omaha.
PAY OF EUROPEAN STATESMEN.
Denmark Is Stingiest of 411 Coun
• tries to Her Legislators.
The Norwegian member of Par
liament gets only thirteen shillings a
day, and if the hard worked legisla
tor takes a day off he loses his pay.
The same is the case with members
of the Swiss Diet. They are rewarded
with sixteen shillings a day, on con
dition that they do not absent them
selves from work.
To go further East, we find that
Roumania thinks her lawmakers
worth a£l a day. Sixteen shillings a
day Is the salary of those who com
pose the Bulgarian Sobranje, but
members who live in the capital get
only twelve shillings daily.
Denmark is about the stingiest of
all European countries, so far as re
munerating her lawmakers is con
cerned. Danish members of Parlia
ment get but six shillings eight
pence a day; but, on the other hand,
they have the odd privilege of a free
seat in the royal theater In Copen
hagen.
While the members of the German
Reichstag are not salaried, yet the
lawmakers of the various German
States do not work for nothing.
Saxe-Coburg members of Parliament
are paid thirteen shillings, of Ba
varia ten and of Hesse nine.
At first sight Hungary seems to do
her lawmaking on the cheap plan,
for her members get £2OO a year in
cash. But they are not so badly off,
after all, for a liberal allowance is
made into the bargain for house
rent. Austria-Hungary’s two legisla
tive assemblies cost the country
about £160,000 a year in all. Both
in Austria and Hungary legislators
can travel first class with second
class tickets.
Besides the United Kingdom, Italy
and Spain are the only countries
which pay nothing to their members
of Parliament. Nevertheless, the cost
of the Italian Parliament is estimated
at £85,000 a year.
In Portugal also the State does not
remunerate legislators, but they re
ceive free railway passes, and their
constituencies are legally permitted
to pay those who represent them a
sum of about fifteen shillings for
each day of the session.
Silk From Guncotton.
Science threatens to put the silk
worm out of business. French chem
ists have discovered at least three
distinct methods of competing with
the old reliable but extremely delib
erate silkworm.
Perhaps the most interesting of
these is the manufacture of silk from
guncotton, which also serves as a
base for the most powerful of mod
ern explosives.
The viscous fluid from which the
silkworm spins his thread is chemi
cally duplicated by a process de
scribed in the Technical World. The
fabric thus produced is inflammable,
and in order to remedy this defect it
is treated with an alkali sulphide
solution.
The founders of the new industry
have kept in view not so much the
exact reproduction of natural silk as
the production of a substance which
embraces its valuable properties.
Natural silk possesses to a large
degree qualities of brilliancy, elas
ticity, strength, affinity for coloring
and bleaching materials, and when
handled a peculiar rustling sound,
known as scroop. Perhaps the bril
liancy and scroop of silk are the
best known of its qualities, and it is
in these two respects that artificial
silk most closely resembles natural
its brilliancy being greater and its
scroop slightly less.
Weight of the Sexes at Varying Ages.
If all the men and women, boys
and girls, and infants—black, white,
yellow, brown, or red—in all parts of
the world, could be weighed on the
same scales, the average weight
would be nearly one hundred pounds
avoirdupois. Six-pound infants and
three-hundred-pound giants contri
bute to the average.
Upon the average, boys at birth
weigh a little more and girls a little
less than seven pounds. For the first
twelve years the two sexes continue
nearly equal in weight, but beyond
that age the boys acquire a decided
preponderance. Young men of twen
ty average 135 pounds, while the
young women of twenty average 110
pounds each.
Men reach their heaviest weight at
about forty years of age, when their
average weight will be about 140
pounds; but women slowly increase
in weight until fifty years of age,
when their average weight will be
130 pounds. Taking the men and
women together, their weight at full
growth will then average from 108 to
150 pounds; and women from 80 to
130 pounds.
As weight increases, the normal
human pulse becomes slower, and
then, as weight grows less, in old
age, the pulse becomes faster again. |
Cosmopolitan New York. *
“Speaking of living in a foreign
city where one is disturbed by a lack
of knowledge of the language,” re
marked the New York woman, “the
man who does my collars and cuffs is i
a Chinaman; I don’t pretend to talk g
with him; the waiter at the Italian jj
restaurant which it pleases me to 1
frequent is a Frenchman; the man \
on the corner who sells me my Mexi
can oranges is Italian; the owner of
the small grocery where thev have the
best coffee is German, the laundress
who washes my lingerie is a negress
with a soft and musical but occasion
ally almost incomprehensible dialect,
and the porter who comes to clean up
my studio is Dutch. I don’t try to
talk w r ith him. I merely point to
the windows or rugs and then to my
pocketbook.”
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SPay field County fPiat f/fooics,
L El D Compiled by Seorye ft. Caider.
wsm? ,
[] Published by ft, ‘Doenitz and Jff* Pittenhouse.
s
This Book shows the ownership of every piece of land in
the county. Also shows railroads, wagon roads, school
houses/government land, state land, etc.
You can get this information from no other source for the
same amount of money.
Address County Clerk, Washburn, Wis.