THE
GENERALLY FAIR
PRISONERS IN
GERMANY ARE
MALTREATED
Forced to Walk Fiffy Miles in
Snow Clad Only in
Rags
MANY DIE ON THE WAY
Britishers Treated Most Harshly
in Coal and Salt Mines of
Hunland
London, Nov. 23.—Critical conditions
among British prisoners of war who
have been liberated since the signing
of the armistice are described by lieu
tor's correspondent. Thousands of
these men are entering France daily.
Reuters' correspondent writes: "I
have never seen human beings in such
a state of raggedncss, hunger and mis
ery."
The prisoners were told to clear out
and seek help from their allies. They
started to walk the 50 or 00 miles to
the allied line, but were given no food
and they had no money. They were
in shameful rags. They left the prison
camps in droves of hundreds in charge
of German officers and soldiers who
had deserted. Thc_ weather was cold
jind many died by the roadside.
When the survivors entered the al
lied lines, French soldiers who attend
ed the war heroes were horrified. It
is not doubted that this suffering was
Intentionally imposed on the British,
who were treated worse than, otlier
prisoners in the German camps. A
further
1
report of General Younger's
command giving details of treatment
of British prisoners in German salt
and eoul mines gives harrowing details.
"From testimony" scarcely a month
old, it is evident there is no sign of
improvement whatever in the treat
ment of prisoners in Germany. This
disgrace is open and flagrant. The only
possible conclusion is that Berlin de
liberately approves of it. Here is* ant
extract of a letter dated May 20 last
from a British private:
"We have hud little to 'cat since we
left Hamels. Two of our number have
gone to the hospital with broken arms,
and the remainder are suffering from
cuts on their heads and bruises as a
result of floggings. I fell in a faint
unable to work any longer last Sfttur:
day,x and the nuuMn charge, a civilian,
kicked me back/ into my senses and
kept me down in the mine sixteen hours
after al the rest of my gang had gone
up."
The rocord of daily prontiscous vio
lations might lie further illustrated.
To scores of. men ho have given evi
dence concerning the mining camps
kicks, blows, and insults 'became a
part of the normal routine. Here is
the example of a man who had|b?Q9
at one of the Hamlen salt mines:
"In January, 1918, I refused to com
plete my task as it was a physical im
possibility. I was taken out of the
mine, dressed only in shirt atid draw
lerth-it is too hot in the mines to
wear anything else—and put in a hut
for the night which was not weather
proof. In the morning it was half
full of snow. The next dav I was
taken to the mine, and again beaten
until I had finished my task. I re
ceived nothing to eat from the time
went down into the mine on the
first morning until 2 o'clock in the
next -afternoon."
It Is impossible to say how many
prisoners' lives were sacrificed, for
until, more evidence is given -by men
who have been set free the exact con
ditions must remain in obscurity.
HANDICAP FQR
AMENDMENTS IS
REDUCED TO 500
Anticipated That Final 'Count
Will Stand About as Now
Represented
A tabulation of the semi-official re
turns from 31 counties, and using the
vote on governor as the total vote in
the recent-general election, shows the
league's debt limit amendment 436
short 6f the required majority, accord
ing to reports on file in the secretary
of state's office. The total vote on
governor in the 31 counties from
which returns have been received is
53,975. The vote for the amendment
making the sky the limit for bonded
indeptebness is 26,5-52. A majority
jprould toe 26,988.
The counties from which semi-offi
cial returns have not (been received
are Adams, Bottineau, Burleigh, Cav
alier, Dickey, Eddy, Emmons, Foster,
Grant, Kidder, McLean, Morton, Moun
trail, Pembina, Richland, Rolette,
Sheridan, Sioux, Steele. Towner. Ward
and Wells. It is believed^ that the
amendments will break about even in
these 22 counties, and that the league
program will lot® by at least 500
votes.
TO NEW ENGLAND TO
NURSE FLU PATIENTS
Mrs. Harry E. Clough and othdr Bis
marck young women have gone to
New England in behalf of the Red
Cross to assist in nursing influenza
patients. New England has been
very hard hit by sL long protracted
epidemic of Spanish flu.
ELLENDALE~REOPENS
The state board of regents is notified
that the EUendale normal school has
reopened after./MJ ^Wftrcatfivacation of
several epidemic.
N
THOUSANDSOF
SOLDIERS START
Liverpool,. (Frldd^) Now. 22.—Sev
eral thousand American soldiers sailed
for home today on the liners Lapland
and Minnehaha. The soldiers marched
from their camps to the landing stage.
MEN AND DOGS
FIGHT FOR FOOD
IN PETROGRAD
London, Nov. 23.—D^ga and men
are battling in Petrograd for the flesh
of horses which drop dead in the
streetB, reports a British business man
who has just arrived in London from
the Russian capital.
The Bolsheviks have announced
that they would have grain enough
to feed soldiers, sailors and their own
partisans throughout the winter. They
will not issue food to any other per
sons.
APPLICATION
FOR RATE BOOST
Fargo, Nov. 23.—Aplication "will be
made soon in North Dakota' for in
creases in telephone rates, W. I. Al
bright, commercial manager of the
Bell interests in Fargo, announced to
day. Increased maintenance, costs
and the pledge given the federal gov
ernment to maintain service combine
to make the increase necessary.
THIRTY-EIGHTH YEAR. BISMARCK, NORTH DAKOTA SATURDAY, NOV. 23, 1918.
WILLIAM G. M'ADOO
RESIGNS FROM CABINET
\i
SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY
Washington, Nov. 23.—Giving necessity for replenishing his
personal fortune as a reason, William G. McAdoo has resigned as
secretary of the treasurer and director general of the railways.
His resignation has been accepted by President Wilson. As sec
retary of the treasury Secretary McAdoo will retire as soon as a
successor has been named and has qualified. He will resign the
directorship of the railways January 1 unless a successor has not
qualified then.
Mr. McAdoo has not outlined hisfuture, but it is understood
he intends to take a vacation of several months before resuming
private business, probably the practice of law.
Mr. McAdoo said he had no idea,who his successor might be1
arid Kddecf that Tie' would m&kfe rio^eciJiMfendatioiis to the presi
dent.
it
Regardless of the appointment to the treasury post, It is con
sidered improbable there will be any change in future policies of
the government, War bonds of short maturity in the sum of about
eight billion will probably be floated in. 19.19, as planned.
Before he leaves the treasury, Mr. McAdoo will prepare recom
mendations to Congress for legislate11 to change the War Finance
Corporation into a Peace Finance Corporation, as he suggested,
thereby permitting it finance authority during the readjustment
period.
_'
The future of the capital issues committee is uncertain, and
tthe attitude of Mr. McAdo^o's successor may have much to do
with its course.
TO FORMULATE PLANS
As for the railroads, the new Director-General doubtless will
have much to do with the formulation of policies of future man
agement. A
TVTr McAdoo recently indicated that he had planned to con
tinue consolidations, poolinfi, short hauling, and other reforms,
looking to efficient operation, regardless of the fact that the war
emergency is over. Opposition to this course appears now to be
developing and the issue of whether the railroads will remain
permanently under government management or ownership or be
returned to their private owners is taking form.
a,
Herds Continue to Graze on
Open Range, Saving Feed
Unusually mild fall weather, 'coupled
with an absence of snow in the greater
part of the state, brings North Dakota
herds into early winter in very favor
able condition, says Dr. W. F. Crewe,
secretary of the North Dakota live
stock sanitary board. Except in scat
tering sections where the drouth was
so severe last summer that there was
no grass, cattle are finding an abund
ance of forage on the open range, and
this has greatly relieved the hay situa
tion. Hay is scarce and is not costing
less than $20 f. o. b. cars anywhere
in the state.
NEW INSURANCE CONCERN
^The Northern States Life Insurance
Co. of Minn apolis, the Union Insur
ance society of Canton, Ltd., and the
Scandinavian-Am. Assv^rance Corp.
Ltd. of Christiania, Norway, have ap
plied for admission to North Dakota.
LC.C. HEARING
ON COMPLAINTS
AGAINST.RATES
Federal Board to Hear State
Railway Commission's
Prptests Here
DISCRIMINATION CHARGED
West-Bound.. Rates of Northern
Pacific Claimed Higher
Than East-Bound
An interstate commerce commission
hearing to consider a complaint tiled
by the state railway commission
against a discriminatory rate running
as high as ten cents per hundred
charged on Northern Pacific west bound
shipments on the Killdeer branch and
oir the main line west, of the river will
be held in the federal court room here
November 30. It Is probable that Ex
aminer Mackley of Washington will
represent the commerce commission.
The state rail board tiled a complaint
last May, alleging that grain. rates
from the Killdeer branch to Minne
apolis on grain were too high and that
all rates on the main line of the North
ern Pacific and the Killdeer branch on
shipments from Minneapolis, Duluth
and kindred points were too high. The
west bound rales in some instances are
10 cents per hundred higher on the
same commodity than the east bound
rates, it is charged.
The railway commission contends
that this is a discrimination against
slope farmc®s who must import large
quantities of feed. A concession was
won by the rail board last spring on
rates for shipments of seed and feed
consigned to county commissions oper
ating under the* seed and feed bonding
act, the east bound tariff' applied to
these west bound shipments.
VETERAN OF
.OLD FIGHTING
FIRST KILLED
1
,i r.fr ,1
Lieut. Col. Fred E. Smith, Dead
in Action, Fought With
Dakota Volunteers
Adjutant General Fraser notes in a
recent casualty list the death of Lieut.
Col, Fred. E. .Smith, ,an «ld eomrade
bf'thfl FightinB'iFif'at, a Ntirtte bakotan1'
iJHfti a veteran of the Filipino'cam
iuign who will be remembered by all
of the older members of the First
North Dakota. General Fraser fur
nishes tho following sketch of Col.
umith:
Lieut. Col. Fred W. Smith, Inf. U.
S. A., regular" army, reported in the
casualty list of November 15, 191S, as
among tho killed in action in France,
was born in Illinois, March 29, 1873.
His parents moved thence to Bartlett,
N. D., and later his mother, Mrs. E.
Smith, toofc up her residence in Grand
Forks, where the late Col. Smith en
listed in the First North Dakota na
tional guard and was appointed regi
mental sergeant major in 18'98. He
was mustered into federal xVice in
May, 1893, and went to the Philippines
with the North Dakota Volunteer in
fantry. He was discharged as ser
geant major to accept a commission
as second lieutenant of North Dakota
Volunteers January 9, 1899 commis
sioned second lieutenant United States
volunteers and assigned to the 36th
U. S. volunteer infantry February 23,
1899: in June, i901, was commission
ed first lieutenant in the United
States Infantry and assigned to the
Third infantry"
"Fred E. Smith," says General
Fraser. "was one of the most popu
lar men in the old First North Dakota
infantry. He was a Grand Forks boy
and a graduate of the University of
North Dakota."
MILLION LEAVE
AUSTRIAN ARMY
"Paris, Nov. 23.—A million deserters
from the. Austrian army, calling them
selves green guards, are established in
nearly every forest in southeastern
Europe, according to George Rose of
the new Slovak government, speaking
from the new capital Of Slovakia.
THUNDEROUS WELCOME GIVEN
KING ALBERT AS HE ENTERS
CAPITAL AFTER LONG ABSENCE
Brussels, Nov. 23.—King Albert entered Brussels this morn
ing at 10:30 o'clock. He was accompanied by Queen Elizabeth,
Princes Leopold and Charles and Princess Marie Jose. The royal
party received a tremendous ovation along the streets." Entering
the parliament house, King Albert and his party listened to an ad
dress of welcome.
The royal party then took part in a procession extending over
a line ten miles long and strewed with roses and flowers. As this
dispatch is beinf written the noise of cheering rolls like thunder
overBrg^fekio3 ai,i
CAPT. TAWNEY
DIES SOON AFTER
ENTERING SERVICE
Wiuona, Minn., Nov. 23.—Capt, J.
Millard Tawney, who traveled 13,200
miles to enter the United States army,
6,600 on his way to Winoua and tho
•balanco before "being accepted for ser
vice at Atlanta, Ga., died yesterday
at Valparaiso, In.
He was a son of former Congress
man James A. Tawney of this city,
capt..Tawney was stationed in Japan
when war was declared. He cabled
Minnesota national guard officials he
was returning home and seeking en
listment. When he arrived hero his
lieutenancy in the local guard com
pany was filled. Later he enlisted in
the aviation division.
FEDERALROAD
CHIEF PLEASED
WITHHIGHWAYS
Believed North Dakota Board Is
Making Excellent Progress
in Construction
DIRT ROADS ONLY A START
Become Foundation Later for
Permanent, Surfaced System
of Thoroughfares
North Dakota's earth roads built
during the last summer under the di
rection of the state highway depart
ment and with federal supervision
stack up very well with anything to be
found in the same type of construction
in South Dakota, Minnesota or Wiscon
sin, the other three states included in
this federal highway district, says F.
D. Hudgins, senior engineer of the of
fice of public roads, with headquarters
at Minneapolis.
Engineer Hudgins, with Engineer W.
W. Moyer of the North Dakota high
way department, returned yesterday
from an inspection of highway iproects
which are candidates for federal aid
in the eastern part of the state. None
of these projects was wholly completed,
because of labor and difficulty encoun
tered in obtaining materials during the
working season. There is very little
to be finished, however, when work its
resumed next spring.
"North Dakota," said Engineer Hud
gins today, "has under way as many
projects as any other state in this dis
trict. Of course, there is a big differ
ence in the type of construction. Wis
consin has some earth roads and that
is true of Minnesota, but tho bulk of
this form of highway building will be
found in the Dakotas. While we do
mjt rpgard earth roads as a permanent
iUU)roVement, in themselves, we con
sider them an integral part of the fin
ished surfaced highway. In other
words, in building earth roads there is
no waste of time or labor or material,
for these roads become the foundation
later for permanent, surfaced high
ways.
"Unfortunately, North Dakota is
very poorly supplied with good surfac
ing materials. This is a difficulty
which we must face some time in the
future. For the present we must be
content with having made an excellent
beginnig, providing the state with step
ping stones toward a permanent and
complete System of highways."
Next week Engineers Hudgins and
Moyer will insect federal aid projects
in Bowman and Stark counties.
SOUTHGERMANY
MAYORGANIZE
GOVERNMENT
Copenhagen, Nov. 23.—Resistance in
Bavaria from proletariat dictation
from Berlin is rapidly growing, and it
is likely to result in all South Germany
being established as a new state gov
ernment, according to a Berlin corre
spondent.
COAL SUPPLIES
ARE ADEQUATE
Washington, D. C., Nov. 23.—Pros
pects for a full supiy of anthracite
coal this winter is good, the senate
committer was told today. Arthur
Learoyd, director of the administra
tion's distribution committee, outlin
ed plans for the season. The com
mittee was told the needs of the north
western states would he given special
consideration.
KAULFUSSWILL
ADDRESS MEET
Publicity Engineer of State
Highway Commission Honored
"The Underlying Principles of Lay
ing Out, Marking and Maintaining a
State Trunk Highway System" is the
subect of a paper which Engineer J.
B. Kaulfuss of the state highway com
mission has been assigned to present
at the annual joint meeting of the
American association of state highway
officials and the highway industries
association at Chicago the week of
December 9. Governor Frazier has ap
pointed Engineer Kaulfuss North Da
kota's delegate to this conffcWfiee.
GEN. MARCH ANNOUNCES UNITS
HOT NEEDED FOR OCCUPATION
36.154 AMERICANS WERE KILLED
More Than 13,000 Died of Disease and 179,625
Were Wounded—Yanks Take 44,000 Ger
man Prisoners and 1,400 Guns
Washington, Nov. 23.—General March announced today that
authority had been given to General Pershing to send back home
all such troops as will not be needed to make up the army of occu
pation. He said the General had indicated the following units
would not be so required:
Divisions 31, 34, 38, 39, 76, 84, 86 and 87.
Coast artillery regiments 46, 47, 49, 50, 75 and 76.
Field artillery brigades 65 and 103.
In addition, General Pershing indicated that the following gen
eral classes of troops will be returned:
Railroad artillery troops, army artillery troops, gas troops,
tank corps, air forces, and those divisions which were broken up
to be used as replacement for other divisions which had seen active
service.
Troops returning immediately from England would include
practically all the air squadrons, sixt6en construction companies,
one sailmakers detachment, one Handley-Page maintenance sta
tion, and several photographic corps.
36,154 KILLED
Total casualties in the American expeditionary forces up to
the armistice were divided as follows:
Killed and died of wounds 36,154.
Died of disease 13,811.
Died from other causes, 2,204.
Wounded, 179,625.
Prisoners, 2,183.
Missing, 1,160.
The American forces in France, General March said, had taken
44,000 German prisoners in round numbers, and 1,400 guns. He
added the casualties among the American forces in Northern
Russia were not severe, contrary to reports, and that encouraging
accounts of the situation of the forces there had been received.
MOVEMENT TO BE EXPEDITED
Movement of troops from France
way and he added they
"Will
will
Demobilization of the forces at home is proceeding steadily.
Several of the present camps will be abandoned as soon as
they are cleared of their occupants.'
ARMY OF OCCUPATION
The Amei-ican army of occupation may be the first of the
major military forces moving toward the Rhine to set foot on
German soil. Tonight or tomorrow the Americans will be moving
toward Coblenz, the Rhine bridgehead assigned to the United
States to hold over German territory. French forces reached the
Rhine near the Swiss border several days ago. It may be that
patrols of this army have already penetrated through the forty
kilometer zone which will be held as neutral territory until the
peace conferences fixes new boundaries.
GERMANY AT ALLIES' MERCY
General March today furnished a clew to the military situa
tion that is to exist while the peace conference is on at Paris.
On the left the British will stand with a spear-head thrown across
the river at Cologne. At Coblenz the Americans will occupy a'!*.'
similar position, and at Mainz, still further up the river, the French
will hold a-third great highway penetrating into the heart of Ger
many. These three great avenues of access along which the allies
may sweep their huge armies will be held by the victors, and all
Grmany will be at the mercy of the occupying forces.
Discussing the enormous number of wounded appearing in to
day's tabulation, the wari department explains that this list in
cludes the names of thousands who were only slightly wounded,
who never went to hospit^ife and whose names did not appear, in
the casualty listsi The tola lnumber of casualties reported to the
war department to date is 82,000.
CHAOS IN GERMANY
London, Nov. 3.—The chaotic political conditions in Germany
are emphasized in reports received here from Amsterdam and
Copenhagen, purporting to reproduce direct telegrams from Ger
many.
There is a general lack of harmony in different parts of the
country and a tendency toward separatism. Bolshevik ideas are
declared to be growing in the west, where a Rhennish republic is
said to be planned.
The Bremen soldiers and workmen's council at a meeting de
clared itself in complete accord with Bolshevism and resolved to
call.on the Bolsheviki in Russia to help introduce coifimunism.
The Spartacus group at Duss^ldorf is reported to have pro
claimed a proletarian dictatorship and to have arrested the burgo
master of the city. Dr. Karl Liebknecht, the radical socialist, was
acclaimed at a Spartacus meeting in Berlin, which issued an ap
peal to the workers to emulate the Russian Bolsheviki.
ARMY OF OCCUPATION ADVANCES
Paris, Nov. 22.—(Friday)—Progress by the French army of
occupation in Alsace and Lorraine*^was reported by the French
official statement tonight.
"The occupation of successive delivered localities in Lorraine
and Alsace continued today. Colmar was solemnly entered by
General de Castelneau, who was greeted by the acclamations of
the whole population which gave evidence in the most touching
particulars of its attachment to France.
NURSES TO BE EXAMINED
AT FARGO NEXT MONTH
The North Dakota Beard of Nurses'
Examiners will meet at Fargo on De
cember 4 and 5 to examine applicants
for registered nurses* certificates. This
is the regular examination postponed
from November because of flu condi
tions. Miss M. Clark, Devils Lake, 1b
secretary of the boariL
WP-S.
-VY
EDITION
PRICE FIVE CENTS
be expedited in every
not "sneak into the country either."
Taking up the present advance of the allied forces, General
March pointed out that the American army is heading for Coblenz,
the center bridge-head on the Rhine, where it should arrive about
Dec. 1st. The British forces will occupy the bridgehead to the
north at Cologne, and the French the bridgehead to the east of
Mainz.
The strength of the American army to be maintained in
France was not indicated beyond the demobilization plans an
nounced. American troops in Italy including the 332d infantry,
will be stationed for the time being at Cattaro, Fiume and Triest,
one batallion of infantry to be located at each place.
BURNSTAD FARMER
PASSES AWAY HERE
Arthur C. Smith, a well known
Burnstad farmer, died' at a local hos
pital last night from pneumonia re
sulting from Spanish influenza. The
deceased was 65 years old and is sur
vived by a widow and two sons at
Burnstad, whittierthe remains will
he shipped &osfta?for ytuwiWW.