The morning Astorian. [volume], April 19, 1901, Image 4

About The morning Astorian. [volume] (Astoria, Oregon) 1899-1930

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THE MOKMXti ASTOKIAX, PKIDVY, M'KIl 19, 1901,
BUDGET STATEMENT
War Has Brought England to
Verge of Ruin.
HEAVY LOAN IS NECESSARY
Iftcaaie T Increased Export Duly on Coal
tad Tariff oo Sujaf Levied -No
Help From Traasvaal at
Pre scat.
LONDON, April 18. The new loan
will be In consols. The chancellor of
the exchequer proposed to suspend the
sinking fund and to borrow 60.000,000.
The total experted yield of the new
taxation la 11,000,000, of which 2.100.
OOO will be fro-n coal.
The national balance sheet for 1900
1901 stands as follows:
Revenue 1M.3S3.000
Expenditures 1S3.592.000
Net deficit 53.MT.ttOO
The chancellor of the exchequer. Sir
Mkha Hloks-Beach, rose at 4:18 p.
m., amidst rounds of cheers, and com
menced the budget statement.
"During the last five years," said the
chancellor, "we have been invariably
able to congratulate the house on a gen
eral Increase in the prosperity of the
country, but .the year 1900. especially
the last six months, showed symptoms
of a change. Our foreign trule during
the year considerably Increased, but In
value rather less than in volume." It
was mainly derived, the chancellor said,
from the high prices or certain articles,
notably coil, which naturally mu?t
have Injured important industries, es
pecially railways.
The chancellor then proceeded to re
view the various Items of revenue, men
tioning that the revenue from beer was
4,000.000 less than the estimate.
"That decrease." said he, "is probably
attributable to the fact that very many
beer drinkers are in South Africa and
also to the decrease in the spending
nower of the peiple, owing to the high
nrlce of coal. Experience has shown
that we have practically reached the
limit in the profitable taxation of spir
its. 'The prolongation of the w.ir and the
absence of buyers on the stock ex
change are responsible for the unsatis
factory yield for stamps."
He stated that the national debt on
Anril 11th was 687,700.000. an increase
of 55.000.000 on account or the war.
"As to obtaining contributions from
the Transvaal," said the chancellor,
"Sir Davis Barbour's reports are not en
couraging at present. I think the house
will see that the war has brought the
country to the verge of ruin" (opposi
tion cheers greeted this remark.). This
can no longer be concealed. A small
war has cost 151,000.000. double the
cost of the Crimean war.
"It becomes necessary to put our ex
penditures on a broader basis. The I
country ha reached a point when it
is necessary to widen the scope of tax
ation, but the great tax-payers must
bear their share of the burden. I pro
nose that two pence shall be added
to the Income tax. making one shilling
and six pence In the pound. The extra
two pence will realize 3.800.000. There
will be no addition to the beer, wine,
tea, spirits or tobacco dues.
''I am not disposed to opjiose a cus
toms duty on manufactured imported
goods, as suggested by Sir Howard
Vincent. The average consumption of
sugar is 56 pounds per head. Sugar
la taxed in every other community in
Europe and Is taxed in the United
States. In this country the taxes re
mained on sugar long after the insti
tution of free trade. What I propose
la not a protective duty but an ade
quate public necessity has arisen for
some duty for which the laboring class
es should bear a fair share."
A duty of 4s. 2d per cwt Is imposed
on refined sugar.
A duty of 2s. per hundredweight la
imposed on moUsses.
West India sugar is not excepted.
A duty of Is. 8d per hundredweight is
Imposed on glucose.
A shilling per ton duty Is Imposed
on exported coal.
BUDGET SPEECH AWAITED.
NEW YORK. April 18. Ministers and
members of parliament are already
gathering for the budget speech today,
says the Tribune's London correspon
dent. Sir Michael Kicks-Beach is revising
his estimi'.es and putting the finishing
touches on the budget. Lord Lans
downe has returned and there will be
a full attendance at the cabinet meet
ing tomorrow. Sir Michael Hlckx-Beah
has kept his official secrets so closely!
that the budgt speculators are work
ing in the dark. Export duties on
coal, increased duties on tea, tobacco,
and spirits, the Inclusion of sugar m
the schedules. :ndirect taxation and
increased taxation of Incomes are pre
dicted on the eve of the resumption of
the session; but there Is no authoritative
Information and some of these guesses
will prove Incorrect, for the chancel
lor of the exchequer la certain to find
It more comfortable to borrow money
than overwhelm the country with fresh
taxation when the end of the war is not
In sight.
Uncertainty prevails in the Welsh and
iAncashlre coal districts and the Liv
erpool sugar market and commercial
circle generally. Sir Michael Hicks
Beach will be faced with a united Lib
eral front bench. Sir Henry Campbell
r.uuiernian having returned In Improv
ed health and Sir William Vernon Har
court being in tine fighting form.
Much depends upon the reception of
the budget speech by the country. The
lro:i,!tl.in of Mr. Chamberlain lo the
leadership of the common and the ele
vation of Mr. VUlfour to the pierage
will be ha-tened if the budget proves
highly u!isatlsfae;ory to the nation.
Mil iary clubs are also agog over
i.tvral Roberts' dispatch on the war
and the long list of commendations.
Lord Methu.'ti's friends are jubilant
ml Ceneral Puller's partisans are dis
concerted by the coolness of (icuerU
Uiberts' refer 'nee to him.
I' Is har.llv credible that to neial Pul
ler desired his successor In t!ie chief
command to pa'r.mixe him. He attend
ed Winston Churchill's lecture at the
United Service Institution with many
other military men and seemed to b'
hearlnc no bravel
OUJECT TV XEilKOES.
White Bricklayers Refuse to Work With
Them on Mississippi State House.
CHICAGO. April IS. The Tribune
say st
Bricklayers from Chicago and other
Northern cities have tied up building
oeratlons m the new state house at
Jackson. Miss., by striking because of
the presence of negro bricklayers on
the work. Advices of the trouble were
received by Chicago labor leaders last
night.
There were but two negroes on the j 'h
and they are said to bo non-union men
while the Northern men are union, but
the trouble, it is said, is due n t so
much to union Ideas as to rhe color line.
The Northern men demanded the ne
groes be discharged and when the fere,
man refused to let them go, the white
men quit work.
Chicago labor leaders are at a l"s
to understand why the bricklayers hid
btsed th-Mr refusal to work on the color
line, as the bricklayers' union d.ves nV
draw the line against the admission of
negroes. They call attention t the fact
that at the last annual convention of the
International Bricklayers and Stone
Masons' Uni m. held in Milwaukee, thet-wer-
two colored delegates present.
There are many negroes in the h.xl
carriers' and building laborers' unions
and th-? secretary of the local Granite
Cutters' Union !s a colored man.
The American Federation of Labor
prohibits unions affiliated with it from
drawing the color line and less than a
yeir ago the Chicago Federation of La
bor went on record as appealing to the
negroes tJ join unions.
WILL BUY MEXICAN ROAD.
Pacific Improvement Company to Pur
chase Monterey and Mexican
Gulf Railway.
SAX FP.AXOSCO. April lS.-The Ex
aminer says:
The Pacific Improvement Company is
negotiating for and in all probability
will soon purcha.se the Monterey and
Mexican Gulf Rpilway in M-xlco. It
comprises 287 miles of road running
from Trevlno by the way of Monterey
to Tampico on the Gulf of Mexico. The
proerty will greatly strengthen the
Mexican International road, now ownM
by the Pacific Improvement Company,
by giving it a gulf port and a profit i
He Fyst-m of feeders In northeastern
Mexico.
The Monterey and M-xican Gulf is
owned by Belgian capitalists. I:g ac
quisition as a feeder to the Mexican In
ternational is thought by the knowing
ones to be the forerunner of the sale of
both properties to the Southern Pi
clflc. ATTACKED PROTESTANTISM.
Sensation Created by Heir-Apparent or
Austria.
VIENNA, Apr. IS. When accepting the
oatronage of the Austrian Catholic
Schools' Association yesterday, Arch
duke Frincls, the heir-apparent, caus
ed a sensation by delivering a speech
in the course of which he declared that
he would "willingly assist in combating
all efforts directed toward injuring the
Catholic religion and disintegrating the
Austrian empire."
The Radicals interpret the speech as
ar. attack on Protestantism and the
archduke's incursion into politics Is ex-
pect-'J to lead to stormy debates in the
relchsrath.
ttlEuLASS of
Baldwin's
Celery Soda
ara headMh at mm. It ! t pla.
1 parkllnf, cffarTMMB 4riak that
MtalaaiMliaulr. UtlaaaaaadBBrifllM
. ?",oh' ftmf ?' "
Successor to Th. 01 tern. MM Con. St
IRON AND STICK L TRADK.
Trust Will Furnish Bettor Service, Im
proved Quality and lnvcr Prices,
XKW YORK, April IS. The Iron Agv
to lay says;
By many In the Iron trade the an
nouncement of the low prices for ore
Is n w interpreted as prtHif of the fact
that St in lard Oil principles are to guide
the management of the United Slates
Sic I Corporation. As one of the bright
est sale m magois of one constituent con
cern puts It. those principles m be
sutmuarixed lirictly:
Better scrvliv, improved quality mid
lower prUvs. This, so far as the last
named tire concerned, would be break
ing with the traditions of quite a num
ber of leulers In the Iron Industry who
have believed In making the best of the
opportunity of the moment. A flurry
h is b en created by the threat of the
Amalgamated Association to force a
debt on the recognition of the union In
the sheet mills. It Is pieity icrta n,
h nvever, that the matter will be ad
Justed. The markets continue strong but. as
is natural, have quieted down some
what In pig Iron after the long period
of activity.
Reports of large sales of bessetuer
pig in the central West are untrue,
but. on the other hand, there die's not
apH-ar any foundation for the reports
of weikness as the result of IV' lower
inir of the price of lake or. s. The steel
market is rather dull, chiefly Ixvaiiso,
while the demand Is restricted, the sup
ply Is even narrower and premiums
are still paid for pnmpt delivery. In
all branches of the finished trade, the
I reports of heavy deliveries continue and
there Is evidence -shi a good deal of
n-w work Is being taken.
The t,vl rail makers report some
what of a revival in orders. In the Kat
almt SonnI tons were placed, while a
W. stern estlmat" is fully IOO.oinI t,,ns f,.r
t?i- whole country.
In other direc'.iot.s. too. there Is a
snvwhat larger demand from the rail
rod'. Some good blocks of railro.i I
bridge work have been recently taken,
includ'ng orders for the Mexican tVn
rai. for the New York. Ontario & West-
i ern. the Xickel Plate and for the Penn
sylvania Railroad. The American lirldg"
Company has also taken an order for
?) tors of bridge work In Cuba. The
activity In building large structures in
the lending cities and In manufactur
ing1 buildings continues unaba'el
and in the aggregate the tonnage Is very
large.
From Chicago comes the report of
some very larire sales of bars to the
manufacturers of agricultural Imple
ments for for ml delivery, the quanti
ty Involved being eO.000 tons. The small
er concerns are expected to follow and
to swell the total. As an Indication
of the condition of affa'.-s in the plate
trade, the fact is noted that the Chicago
mills are delivering along the Atlantic
coas: and In Xew England.
' "H O L A I : S H I PS AWARDED.
Announcement Made by Council
lumbla University.
NEW YORK. April lS.-The uuive,-,
siiy council of Columbia University has !
announced among others the award of;
the following scholarships In value from j
to $1500: j
Robert Henry Bradford, Silt Lake I
I'ilv t'tnh ma! allnrtr- I
William Austin Cannon. Washington.
Mich., botany.
William Jones, Sac and Fox Agency,
f'kla.. anthropology.
Henry Raymond Mussy, Port Byron,
III . economics.
Walter Stanborough Sutton. Kansas
City, Kan., zoology.
Harvey Watermin Thayer, Sf. Louis,
German.
David Yancey Thomas, Conway, Ark.,
history.
Samuel Marion Tucker, Spartanburg.
S. C, Englh.
Alternates:
From the faculty of political science;
Robert Carlton Clark, Austin. Tex., his
tory: from the faculty of pure and ap
plied Kt-ienre. Satoru Tetsu Tamura, Io
wa City, la., mechanics.
Honorary fellowships without emolu
ment' William Harry Heck. P.alelgh,
N. C.
Endowed fellowships: Schiff Fellow
ship T.'Irich Bonnell Phillips, Athens,
Ga : George William Curtis Fellowship
James; Wilford Garner, Peoria. 111.
MORE RAILROAD RUMORS.
Deal Reported Between Pennsylvania
Rail mad Company and Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe.
XKW YORK. April 18.-The Tribune
says: )
Representatives of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company, It Is said on good
authority, will soon be elected to mem
bership In the board of directors of
the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
Railway Company. No Atchison secur
ities appear In the long list of stocks
and bonds owned by the Pennsylvania,
but it Is understood thit heavy pur
chases of Atchison stocks, principally
the preferred, have been made of late
bv Interests identified with the Penn
sylvania Railroad Company.
The latter road has long had, close
traffic relations with the Burlington,
the two companies Jointly owning and
operating the Toledo, Peoria & Western
Rillwav which connects the systems,
but in view of the Increasing probabil
ity of the acquisition of the Burling
ton by the Northern Pacific-Great
Northern intercuts, th Pennsylvania, it
is said, some time ago begin to make
preparations for alliance with another
Western line, choosing the Atchison.
The latter road touche Kansas City,
but does not extend to St. Louis, which
is the western terminus of the Penn-
svlvanla system, ihe two roads meet
ing only In Chicago.
It is said that there will be no con
nection built hetwivn the two tiMds by
extension of the Pennsylvania system
westwird of St. Louis, and It Is not
believed that any Intention exists of ob
taining control of the Atchison by pur
chase of a majority of the hitter's stock
by the Pennsylvania; but, It Is said lo
be possible (hat a t rathe arrangement
might without gieat dltllcully be ar
ranged by which t radio could be moved
from iH-ein to ocimii oxer the Pennsyl
vania and the Atchison with, say, one
of the lines of the Si. Lniis ; San
Kranelsco us the connivtlng link.
EXCURSION RATES FIXED.
Transcontinental Passenger Ass.viatlou
in Sess on in California.
Pl.l. MONTE, Ail . April IS - The
Transcontinental Passenger Association
hi session here lias decided that the
rate from Chicago to San Francisco and
return for Ihe Episcopal convention,
hlch Is to be held In San Francisco,
shall be T'O for a (list -class ticket. The
rate from rhe M'ssoiiii river will le
(.' and from St. Louis and New Or
leans H.'.iO. Tickets for this conven
tion will be on sale east of Colorado
from September It! to 27. In Colora In
an'l points west they may le purchas
ed ft nt Sept liber 24 to 27. Children
will lie allow.' I half-fare prl lieges.
The round rlp rate from California
to the Piii Ainerican rXosltlon at Buf
filo will be made on a Imx'.s of $iiO lo
the Missouri river added to whatever
rates may be an le east of the river. Ii
was leel ed to abolish skeleton tick
ets. The foil wliig road have Joined the
Association: The Burlington. O.-dar
Itii'i ls - Noi-'i ei 'i. the Burlington &
Xorthw cs'ern and the Keokuk West
ern. The association now numbers
lh;rty si roads and It Is annouuiiied
thit :h ii i mi )-! may he Increased t"
f itu -llv - it the next ini'' ting. The
Ciie.U Northern.
".iri.t'll in Pacifl,
association.
Northern Pacific and
ale still oil! of the
ENGLISH CARRIE NATION.
I "ike of Newcastle Likens John lenlt
f (lie Amercan Smasher.
NEW YORK. April is. ..-The Duke of
N'ewiiistle. who Is r'itarde.1 .is one of
the iea l rs of the Ritu ilistic uiove
iii n: in ingland. In an interview ,e
noun.. -I the brawling that prevailed at
the installation of the blsh. p of L.u
don. "I think t Is typical of the Anglo.
Saxo.i f,,r the minority to attempt lo
overthrow the majority by lawlessness,"
said his grace. ''.Mr. John K.-nslt. th
moving rau-e In all th-- unruly church
demonstrations, declared several month
air i that he would break up the In
stallation .,f the ,onl bishop of Lon
don. "Mr. J.ibii k'etisit Is lik- your Mis.
Carri- Nation of Kansas. Both are Ir
responsible and dangerous. Neither one
Is truly epris -illative of any diss,
ci-'ol or ihilitical principle. Lik" Car-n-
Natl .n. .1 dm K'-nsit Is a free lane,
d 'In;,- injury to the cause that lie ex
tols. Yh"n 111 -ho;, Crelgh'.on was confirm
ed lord bishop -if liiiilon, Ki'iislt caused
a sini lar seen- of disorder. Th" l-r-gy
may eW.(t another repetition at
th- enihion-inent of the lord bishop of
1. indon in St. Paul s Cathedral In May
next. There are some hun-hes in Lon
don .vh-ie Kenslt would not dare to
raise his voice. He usually only cre
ates a disturbance where he Is sure that
his hkin Is safe."
Dr. Ingram, the new lord bishop of
London, Is a high churchman but he
is not a Ritualist. His predecessor was
a low churchman. Dr. Ingram was
second bishop of Stepney and suffrigan
to rhe bishop of Ivmdon. He was ap
pointed bishop of Iondon on March 7.
succeeding the Right Rev. Mandell
Crelghton, who died on January 14,
last.
PRICE OK SILVER.
XEW YORK, April 1.-Silver, Js'j.
Fisher's Opera tfoase
I.. K. SEI.IW, LMaBii Mantr.
ONE NIGHT.
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24
Farewell Tour of die World's Greatest
Spe-tacular Dancer.
LA L0IE FULLER
Who will be seen 'n her New
and Marvelous Creations.
THE ARCHANGEL
and THE TEMPEST
In conjunction with an especial
ly selected company or hlgh
cI.ihs players, who will appear
In the charming comedy
The Accidental Sweetheart
and the screaming farce
His Last Chance
In which Misa Ad Lewis. Miss Trln
der. Miss Ida Banning. Harry Braham,
Ohas. Arthur and others will appear,
F'.eflned and unique specialties.
ADMISSION Reserved seats. $1; gal
lery, 50 cents. Seat sale opens Tues
day morning at Griffin Herd's.
OREGON'S IMONEliR DAYS
tConilmicil from Third Page)
Cray hi his good ship Columbia. We
are now soon (o hive the centennial of
Ihe cXtdol 'lilon which i untll'liI'M to us
ihe great country tvaclnM by the dis
covery. The history of (hose- I rail
actions, us (he beginning of the Amer
ican empire on the Pa 'iilc coast, is a
record of piofouud Int'ivst. It has lis
place among the evens of first Import
nice In th'i development of the Culled
Stales.
"The actual discovery of the mouth
of ihe river was mule May II. 17!'.'. by
Capialn Itob rt, Cray, a New Kuitland
navigator, who says In his log-book,
under tint dale; "H-held our do'livd
port, bearing east sou' heisi. a din nice
of six leagues. At s a. in., UdnK a
llllle to the windward of the cntranie
of the harbor, bore away and run
In east-northeast hoiu vn the breakers,
hiving from five to seven fathoms of
water when we were over the bar we
found this to he a :arg river of fivsli
water, up whlon we steered. I'apta'n
Ciuv remained In the river from Hie
llth to the I'Oth of May. lie ascended
It nb on :'.'. miles. . Me lies b-it as a
memento of bin falluiv the name of Ct
Dlr-appiCitlincnt to the promolm y on the
north side
"tirnv, nailing; out if tin- river to
l'e northw inl. in-t Vaiiiiniv er. w h li.i.l
sailed Int. i th" Itral.s of Euca. mid
compli-t ng his examination of
Pugi'i sound -so called by Vancouver f r
.1 in Midier of his party. Later In the
veir Vancouver sail.sl for the Hay nf
San Kranelsco. y.ivlng his llenten int.
Itroiighton. t cx iml'ii- the Columbia
river. I!rou!iton. In Ihe Chatham, en
tered the liver In N'oveiiiber. I7H2.
P 'idlng it diltlcult to imii-ml the river
with his bark, small as it was. be took
his launch and made his way up the
sivam too miles To the ultimate point
he leachel he give the name of Van.
couver. All the way up mid down he
spiinkl"il names plentifully. Walker's
Island H iiuni-d for one of his men.
To Tongue Point he gave the niiini"
It bus lo this day. Young s river and
bay h" call -,1 f,i Sir ileorge Young o
th" liiiilsli navy. To ttiay's bay lc
it.ive he name hears, is u compli
ment lo the discoverer whose ship had
I. mi in it some motohs befoie Wh'-n
H: "ii ,-h'."i entered the river he found
i iv .i 1 1 Kngllsh esnel which bad b"'n
up the coast lo the iioithwai I "ii i
Hading voyage, and en its return soulli-
".ill h I I turned I II to I lie Coin id II. I III
'I This ves.se rcir.iiucd .11 ille river
lill Itr.uighton is ready to sail vvllh
his own brig. I lie Chatham. It vv ih.
bark .b iriv, an I Ic r commander w is
'plain It.iker. 1 1 Is n line Is pcrpc: u.ll -e
in Hiker' Vn The Chatham an I
the J.-inv nt t" s,-,i log.ohei and
I'.ik'-r. though disappearing then .nil
there from history, has bn his i.anie
to lS forever.
I'll" I Ml lii l . . II. . I i .lie t'mted States
"f obtii.nnient ( a footing tip..n the
I'aclllc was n even at this early
lay: but It was apple lited only bv u
feiv of i. or s:atesmen 'o Thomas Jet
f"ison the honor Is due of ,iii, k anl
enlv apprehension of the Higtililcinee
of Cray's ,.s,-o ery. i 'onllrmutloii of
our title to i iregon u.im ass.h lale. In
his mind with the acitiillioii of lm
Isiana The l w's and Clark party yas
organixt-d oulcklv after the lynilsiana
Piiri ha.se, and started up the Mlsouil
river In the y-ar .mi Wlnteiing at
Mandan on the .rtssourl. It prsed on
In Ixi'i. pasec over the oiKy Moun
tains In the summer of that year, des
cended the Kooskoivklo biaillll "f 'lie
West, till on the 7iti of Xovmlier. 1 ':,.
the horl.on of the Pacific iH-e.ni burl
Upon the View between the I VV o lilies of
breakers thai marked (lie debouch
the givat rv.r Into the gi.nt Paelilr
sea. The roinriy .,s 1 1 ready oalli-l
'I'legon.' though th" nrii.- had as (
obialned very little itinemy In Car
ver's Travel.., p:iliih,-, r.oii.lon ,
177V. the mi hid fir-; app aie, 'h"
orlg tl of the nao.e s otle of the ei-
iii is of histoiy Carver iioreHsed to
have ic -i.ed It f,,iii the Indians In
th.. oiin'ty ..r i,e I'pper Mis.Nssiip,
Where he had been pll-hUlg Ills explo-
ri'ions. The Indians, he siys. told
him of th- Itlvr firegon. flowing to
Ihe W.T,'e: i ocean; but hovv imn ii of
til- t.lle IV IS ,S oVV 0 .IVeto t H
illipos llllle l l S.I V. Jeff'-lS.!,, lS'l til.'
word In his instructions to U-wlM and
Clark showing .hat it whs b-ginning
to have a vogue l'f'iV "Th.'llllltopNln"
was written; but It was Itryanl's noleinn
poem, with Its Honor 'us verse, vvlili Ii
appear I lii the year 1S17, tint famll-I.irUi-1
the word "Oregon" and soon put
it on every tongue. Various a, counts
o? th- lwls and Clark expedition had
appeared bicn in the fnlfed S;aleM and
Kurope bef ire the apfM-araiiee of "Tlian
atopsls," but undoubtedly It as Dry.
ant s exp: s.slon, "Where rolls (he Ore.
gon," tint did init to spivad the name
before the wol'ld,
"The men of the f,ewl and Cai k ex
pedition w-Te the first Amerlcnim who
cairv across ihe continent to the Or,
iron country iml the Pacific mean.
Ale.xonder Mackenzie, twelve veais ear
lier, had come from Canadi, a.HMlng
through th- continent and over the
mountains from peace Ulcers. M,l(..
kenzle iiiHs.'. i,n west to the si ream
which liter took the name of Kruser
river, and after following this rlvi-r for
some dlstan-'e struck directly west for
i lie I'aclllc, wlilcti he reached In Julv
ITS". Mackenzie was th flrt man who
crossed the continent to the Pacific
ocean north of Ihe Spanish noshes.
sions. On the results of the expedi
tion or Mackenzie and or the voyage r
Vinrouver ;he lirltlsh girtrei-nnient wits
alien, iy basing a 'arge und general
claim to sovereignty on the Pacific.
President Ji fTers.m hiistcned the organ
ization of the exploring expe,tl to K0
over lanu rrom the united Stales, ror
uie purpose of Ptr-'ngthenlng the rights
re nan aeiuirca through Grays dls-
covery, and of anticipating further ex
pedlflons and idalms of frn-at Urltaln.
i.ewis and i.iarg were not here too soon,
for the Kngllsh ahvidy hiul other exi'
dltlons in preparation, and their exolor-
ers were on the Ppper Columbia but a
little later than the return of Lews
ami Clark rrom the mouth or tin
stream. Simon Kriser In ISM-K fob
lowed to the sea the river that bears
ms name, believing at first, as Mackln
zie before (,1m had believed, that be
was on the Columbia; and another
Kngllshman, David Thompson, whoae
name Is perpetuated In the well-known
tributary or the Fraser, was the first
man who explored the upper courses or
the Columbia river, and some ye;lrs
later he rollowed ll through Us whole
cours? to the sea-arriving at Astoria
In July, ISM some rour months after
the occupation by the Americans. Pres
ident Jcffrn had X'en exceedingly
anxious that the Lewis and Clark ex
pedition should escape the notice of
Or"ut Pritaln ami or the lirltlsh North
west Company, with whom disnuten
about terrltorUi rights, were feared but
m ract, the expedition did not escae
their notice; for no sooner did ImI
and Clark appear on the Missouri than
tneir expedition was discovered hv th
British, and in 1806 the Northwest Com
pany sent out Its men to establish nosfa
and oecupy territories on the Colum-
hia. This pirty, however, got no fur
ther than the Mindan vtllagen on the
Missouri, But another party, despatched
In 1801. crossed the Kocky Mountain
by the passage of Peace river, ana
formed ii sin.il Ira Hug establishment
mill' the Mill degree of latitude, till'
Ills' Hi It bill post west of tlx IbVkV
Mountains. Hut It was pot until IMI
that auv lingll ''uiicn ciinie Ihroiigh o
Ihe country of the Lower Columbia,
and then ihe Paclllc Pur Company, or
Aslor purl)', was already established
here.
Hill north of ihe Columbia river
there was basis for the claims of Ureal
Itrlt'alti; mil the controversy known In
our history as the Oregon uueslloii.
a lose. Neither pa'ly wus, In truth,
abe wholly lo exclude the other; but
It W.O the expedllloii of Lewis and
CI nk that r.avo us ih" strength of om
ii i u ii in 1 1 The iiilk mi our lie of
' llfiy-foiir. forty or light" was merely
Ihe civ of a party; rather ihe insolence
of partisanship .for Ureal Hrllaln's
claims i i a standing below "ilfiy-fnii -fortv"
i"sleil on a basis too soil I to
b" disposed of In Ibis way; and. besides,
our el aim of "llfly-foui-forty" rested
merely upon a conyiitioii between tne
Culled S ii is and Itiisslu. through
which th" latter hud named hfty foiii
forty' is the southern boundary of her
American possession. Ureit liiiialn,
by retiMceiioii of Aslorla lo the full
ed S'ates, after the war of isi:1. had
ackliow lodgi d our right III Ihe coiiulrv
She had. Indeed, never made any ser
ious pretension lo the territory south of
the Columbia river, but had Insisted on
that sirc'ini as the boundary Hue. We
had. however, in limy's dlscoveiy. in
the explor ill iii of Irfovin and Cbuk and
lii the setileiiient of Asora u chain of
Idle that made It Impossible for us lo
consider this claim. Still, there could
b" no termin i! loll of (he dispute till
the Hi i v migration of our people p, ihe
Ori gon country gradually eslabllshe
Aiiiei'lciin Inlbience here; and flnnlly 111"
consider ibl. migration of 1SU gave the
American a decided preHinderiiiice.
especially In Ihe country south if the
Columbia Hut (he boundary iioosiloii
drigged along, the lirltlsh clalmliu as
far sitMh as ihe Columbia and we
cl.iliiilnn as far north as nfiy-foiir-for-Iv.
till Ihe dual sel lleiu -nt 'n the vai
I Mil
"The III l rtiallon of tn Lewi ucl
' Ink pirtv n pint I'bitsop is a fainil
I ll story; 'lele. especially, .luce No
many of he people have visile. Ihe
spot and are peifivtly acuualu'.'d w.th
the siirround ngs 1 1 it li.-rto the .loiirual
of Lewis and ''lark, with !l de rlp
llons if hi r country in It vviin I hen of
I Ihe Indians and '.Ilea- mod,, or Ife h is
I ' I'll Phi Utile it (I'll d by nil- a-ople
I V.'e are .omlng to th" llisl ceiiieiinlal
i o 'h "Vpe.l Hon and Intend lo cele
I br tie It. but vv.- Hhall not kn 'v inn, Ii
I .iliont it mil.-.- we siu ly ihe Journal
i t l.e.v is an I i 'lark
i " Hist i n,, aiitho-ity fo,. in,. ,on,t
' lion ,.f aft ii's at As'oita. fi"in jhe u .
I rival ,.f th,. Asioni ,arly In Man h,
' lsll MM iband 'Hinent ,,f the en'ei.ilse
' I" ! is ' ialu-el rr.in. ',ere, ,o.
I l""k. iv lit n In Pi- u, h and publlihed
I' M' llll.al III ISI.I. W IN tia.l'l.lled III-
, to Ki glUh ind i'eiublllie I in New Voik
j l i ix'.l. f rancher-, it I. well l.ii,mii.
i ' ' In th.- Ton ioln and remained In
, I'l tint i I'M A si or it part t here
'ld ' lit th- Inl -Hi ns to agents of ihe
frltish Northwest ,'oiii'.in, when to-
le'nrne.l horn , across ,he contliienl. It
i w is i large party that left Astoria
, April I. IMt In all there wne nlmty
j persons. wh iin'.i,nk"l In i.-n racoi s
I'r 111,'here reche, Montreal I'l Seplelll-
, her Ills station, .n: make ll certain
I the partner ., could have
i iii.t ii t .t i it , ih,.r posiu iii iii the lsiuntry,
j had tli -v pos .' riMolutlou and mur
age to .a vv i not in fact captured
j by the lirltlsh but was transferred un
, der a hiiNlhess an. not Hiimii lo auenl of
the NiirihweH. Company, True, the
Pritlsh sloop of war Unci n, "f 'twen-
iv-slx guns, arri.-.-d at AstnOa routi af
ter Hi- lirimfer had ! n male ami
I ll WOIIM Hot hlV'e I , pilHNlhle (,, hold
j Asiorla after that, even had the Amer-
I lean deslr I.
"The priic.i In ,h, U lr.iyal ..f
Vr Asior's 'ii'hvb'.. .in as ll
, "f tb I'nlf'd States. a,is Don Un M, .
Doiiinill. ah., had left the N'.nthwe.t
, Company in hpi to ..nler Astor's ser
vice He came out m the Vonuuin,
' and soon after t,N,k to wife the .laugh
e of old ColllMlllly. chief ,,f tin. Clnf.
sops. M. l lougall leimilni-l here ml
j Allll. ISI 7. Wh.-M Je fill y left Put
, Oeorge' and returned to Canada In
selling Mr. Astor out he s ems p, hav
i be... ovci'mhho bv the sii,erlor t.n i and
',('' f J .'i MoT.ivInIi. the prlnclial
anein ,,r j,,. .orinw est i 'ompiiny. t me
of his ass.Nla'e In ihe Pacific Pur
Coiiminv lAleximler lloNsi Nays that
McD iiigill wan a man of but ordinary
rapacity, with an Irritable, peevish tem
per, th- most unfit man In the world lo
he i an i-xp "dill. ni ur lo coiuiciind
men
"Incomparable among th.we who have
'out rllnlle o the i 1 1 i'l ll I ll 1 of ,hl
lime Is Irving; but the historical ele
ment In his 'Astoria' I overlaid on ul
ni'Mst evrv page by the nmiinHc. ,.
Is every. vhere on he borderland of ,n
inanoe, vvh-n not wholly within 'in
realm. Hut ih an Is of so high ipial
liy. slinnle and unobstruslve, that the
reader sca-cely sippects the narrative.
which Is true. Ind I. In I; outline,'
and apparently Hie perfection of truth
from the way It appeals lo ihe Imagin
ation, through th" attractive dresw in
whli Ii It Is ir''iill, Irvlng'N sloiy
Is an epic.
"The only desc-ndant. ho far us I
know, of any member ,,f the original
Astor nariy, iovv living In Oregon. Is
Coloiiel Crooks, of Portland, who holds
in oltb lai poslton 'n :he o. It. g, .
Compa.iv. Ills father, Ham-ay Crooks,
cam w ith the overland or Hunt party,
mid returned 'n the same way. Much
of the Jmirti"y, both ways, whs made
in the winter, and Ihe suffering, of
the nart f ro n destitution, fatigue and
cold, were extreme. Uamsay Crooks
and John Day were separated for a
time from ihelr main parly, were rob
bed by the lndlins and strlp-d of
Ihelr elolhlng. and as he weather was
still wintry fit w,i early spring), they
were saved only by simple good for.
lime. Perhaps vve should my i H 'one
of ihoHe nilraoilo'is escapes.' Sonip of
their companions whom they had not
seen for a long time and were not known
by them lo be In the vlclnlly, appeared,
a-d they were rescued. Day became
Insane mid died. II Is believed at Asto
ria; for to that place he was sent
hiu k. after Ihe par'y hud started on Its
return to (he Kast. Crook lived lo
an old age. and dlel In the state of Now
Y.yk, In the year ixr.9.
"It hns come to paas now In the
course of nature, ihiit the citizens of
longest residence In Oregon were born
here prior to 1X40. With the single ex
ecution of the memorable William fjel-g'-r,
of Forest (drove, I know of no
survivor of the Immigrants of Ameri
can nativity, who came previous to that
year, or perhaps I should say, 1X4:!.
"Hut I her,- is a man still living nt
Port HIM, In Ihe Kootenai country, in
N irthern Idaho, who saw Oregon be
fore any other person now living In It.
This Is David MoIughlln. son or Dr.
McLoiighlln; now over 80 years or age.
"And fo the missionary effort that
preceded the general Immigration a debt
is due that never should miss acknow
ledgement, when the story or the ac-
(pilslilon and settlement or Oregon is
recited. The missionary enterprise be
gan with Jason Lee In 1834. Next came
Samuel Parker In 18.15. Whitman and
Spauldlmf. with W. H. Gray, followed
in 1M. In 1838 came Walker and Kells.
IJv 1848 there were In Oregon thirteen
commensurate with Its national and bo
lsters, thirteen lay members of the Pro-
tesinnl missions, three Itotimn Catho.
He missionary priest, und a consider
able number of ( 'aiiinllan settler of the,
Itoman Ciilholli' fiillh, If hr iiiIkmIoii.
in v effort did not Hiii'ied a Its au
thors hoped III ll illl'ecl plirpoee of
helping I he Indians lo uplift and regeu
crnle, It did ucceed greatly In its seo
olidary purpose, which the American
missionaries ever kepi III view; namely,
In lending aid to the foundation of a
commonwealth llllder the miyeli'lglll y nf
ihe I'liliel Hlali'H, for a long (Inni
llli'li' Wit illNlllidllllttloil lo give the mis
sion. II v work In I iregMti the crclll Hint
luslly was Us due; fol' nfler the I uli
of liiiiiilgnillon began, Ihe mlNNlouary
people vveie ,so to speak. Inundated by
It. ii inl what liny had done wa for a
lime overlnokisl, Hut going buck as
now we iiiiihI. to the study of oiir,'ot.
glim ami we shall do this more ami
limit vve ale ritilipellisl lo Ci'cogtila'l
Ihe greal work which I be mliwloiuit e
did I do not say that Oregon woiibt
not h ive been held W ithout I lli'lll . but
liny wen a powerful factor 111 hold
ing 11.
Tin nIii.Iv of inir own history Is
i hlcMv v ii I u il.lt fur it moral signifi
cance an I lutliii'tii'f . It fixe our at
teniloii upon the oi gaulaatloit and Ntiu -line
of our aoclely. and call I the In
fluence of other time on Into our own.
It ullrs up to activity the fore' and
agencies that bulbl up charucler, that
indicate diiiv. Unit prompt to sctlon
Thine 'lie III'' fi liven we want. ItuSleif
only with our own time and thu con
dliions they inett'iil, we fall Into levity;
vve forgel whit we owe In our prole
ccnnoin, and ihc-n-fiire do not know
wlnn we p,iNe. nor reallae It value.
Only can vve know what we have ,
where we me by study or the ismrnc
through which our present mmIUoii ha
I n atliilned. Vit live nearly In the
lO'neiit without regard to the kil, I
lo he Clueless of I he future. Jf , poo.
Pl" di not know their own hlntory It 1
the same a If they ha.! no history.
Kn'. as Macon niv. In one of hi preg
n im wnieiice: 'Tbe truth nf knowing
and i lie truth or lieliig I all one, the
m in s w lia l he knovseth '
"This I a iiimblliig aldrei. Intend
ed meiely I i ciilitrlbllte a llllii' t the
inter.stN of ihe Hpcvlal iM'aloii by
passing be fme Hie mind oinn of the
lli"l,eli! and event madlly offeivd to
the gle.inor of mir eirllei rtvords Jt
wis the l.ewu and CUtli expedition
lh.it euibb'l un to follow up the claim
base. upon Ihe il'-ivi-ry of the Colum
bia river, and enabled us. morrowr to
n il, ipate the I'ligiinh ,i their further
M'I"i Ve.n and tl!m-..vr'. It eiiabln.
I' lo 'loll t,.' country Wesit of the
I". h kv Mountains und oiith of ln 4'itli
p.nallel, to the I'lllle.l Stale, It gave
u the r.i. t ng that i liable, u lo lie.
KOlle W Spilll for the 0the!
h.iun liy of the iiii-ht,,,, country, which
w is tit -. I at Ihe 4.'ii, i.uallel ' The
L-v.U and .'lark X --Ilt Lui. to whl, h
Hi" gn at I' sulls no idallily iuii ha. k.
'ands th- i fire as on,, of the le.-utliig'
episode .,f ir national hlsiory We
mii-i , .-l bnle It ceiif. nnlal In lMtii, and
'i-lehi.il.. tt in a manner and on a .rale
co.nm tiNuraie vvbli Its ii.il'oln i and bl
toilial ltiii..rtance Oregon, of coure.
must t ike the leu.l III Ihe i.r.ou. r . , I.
I f ,r tin- vent, It i worth while, then.
to U" .Very , ,rl 1 1 y (, BBl.n lll-
t' iet In the history of the Ix-gltiiinig ,.f
mer , an ), t l til-n in (he Pacific North
it .'Nt
' It Is In I Ills sp, i, .l4t I ,4V, p.,.
I". ide to Ihe Invllatl HI for the pre,.,,!
'' "'I nidi a .iibj.vt It I nt-
im.t mil in id lo fall In Ilmisnesw. or
prolixdv. bv alteiiiilng to cover f.i
much g,o, m,..rt r-..av, r e.-iUJ-"
III sel. oft..,- ,,11 excellent method for
l-'pulir treatment .if thU gr.til sub
)" I. and ihlN .it,, lie'doiie with s .
lal th,,r .iighn. NN under directloi, of ,
slele ,-lu. a'loiil vNtein."
M Un- cm hisi.iii ,,f the iiddrt-i., s-n-
oi. if I'llllol, .poke lell. eXpte.MUK
th KIltKul- of (lie l,e,nM.1( ,,( ,,e
b'-IIUite and oil,,,, who had itene, p.
ll for th
llllle llll l colli ise rt llie of
Is Inl'-r.-silliig n ,(. hi!oiv
The audi,-m e ang "Am.'i -"hi.
h Mr Scott held all
epllon
mm 'I Hi.it
"f lll.gon
:. a " a r .-I
lufoiinal ,
l.icil l:. ' liiiTHWKM, DKAh.
"s' l'io,nei Mining KiiKlne.-r the
i lined statisi I
S:V VnilK Ap.ll s Itleh,,,,) v- f
l"T.,l!le Kothwell . ,e,,. , ,l li,e I
'" '".v. A a iiilntiig engineer t
bstlnction in , in profession ,,,i a a
loon alisi few ni.,, his genera Mo n (
mailed Mr. Itm liwell', service In I
III" cause ,,f Industrial science. f'
II" was born m Ingeisoll. lint Miyl.
I. KIT. ' I
Af'er ., pii'llmlnaiy education In ihls?
country he i,.,k u lliree.year' course!
i the Imperial Sch , , of Mine at Par-)
! ranee, ami In Ixiil e,ilere, Hie min
ing academy at Pre.rg, Saxony.
"I'l iiiim p. Anierti'.i, he in xii4 i..J
Kan vvotk . .., hruelie r-ulo.. ..ft
PeiiiisvKania at i:,hley, Drlftoi, -n,(
U llkcsharre und there contlnu.il un-f
HI MTI. Meaiillme be hid engineer-
lug charge of a large number of col-f
llei'le ,iu, was also engineer In Ihe'
Dixird Maniifactiii'lng Company. rm-J
which he d signed ami built what l
I'i'obiibly ihe largest wire rope plant In',
lb- world. Ill designs Were eii;lrey;
nov.-l at th.. tin,,, and the midline h
built are silli In active, use, rter a per-':
lod or lwei,v.fvi. yeiij-a. In the fKbl
of m iiiur.ii luring, of mining and in ih
Ireatinini of ore. Mr. Kotliwell maila
many notable Inven.lons.
In I Hoi. Mr. rtoihwell's practice a
cons'iltlnK nlnlng englm-r, probably
the largest of any In his profession Hi
A 'h'a, hud so Increaaed that he re-
niov-d to this dly. Shortly afterward
b" ac'iulred an IntereMt In "The KngL
neerlna and Mining Journal" of which
lie was editor and general manager to
the day of his death. Mr. ! tot h well whi
a member or many dubs and ms'lell'-a,
und he reciveii high recognition both at
home m, abroad.
In 171 h organized the American In '
stlliile of Mining Knglneers at Wilkes.,
harre, Pa., and In IN:.' became lis pres.
dent. He wus a meiuber of the Hoce4)
de I'lndiisirle Mlnerale and the Cleo- '
logical Society of Prance, Paris; an
honorary member of the Institution of
Mining Knglneers, N. S. W. lie was f.
follow or the Oeologlcal Hoclely or In
don, of the Imperial Institute, Tindon,
Kng., and of the Itoyal Stnllsllcal So-y
cb'tv of (ircal Hrllaln and a member '
or the l-Vd-rated Institute of Mining;
Knglneers, ('.real Hrllaln; or the Socle
l.v or Che ideal Industry. London. Kng.;
or the American Society r Civil Kngl
n. crs, or the American Htailntlcal As
sociation; of the American Trade Pre
Assoclitlon and or the. Xew Kngland
Free Trade League. i
lie had charge or (he statistics or gold
and silver ror the United States cen
u In 1890. At the Paris exposition
In 18118 the Hoelete d'Kncouragement
Pour I'Industrle Natlonale de France
awarded to his annual publication, "The.
Mineral Industry," a gold medal In rec.
ognltlon of Its rvlces to the world'!
Industry and commerce.
His death was due to raneer of th
storrach after an Illness of five weeks. .