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to! •fJ .j.{® if? m- 1 t4.|i nr-m- •Ti wit rv.'r 5 ui I ill 1 *h1, (2 at r» ^^rand FORKS' HERALD Mr oaths Month* err* Morning op Bvenln*—Per Month..,., Morning, Ereninj: and Sunday—Pw Mc Korniag or Evening, per vMt... The AiwetoM Pm» •xclualveiy «UtM to the f»r republication of all newa dispatch«a er«dltcd to It or net otherwise credited in tbis paper sad alao the locai am published herein. _u PETROLEUM INTERESTS Mm A groat deal of the trouble that exists in Mexico la ascribed by various writers to the petroleum interests, and we are frequent told that all t^e disturbances would noon subside were it not (or the clashing of rival inter ests In the great oil fields' and the effort that is being made by some of the companies to dominate the Marl can government In their own interest There can be no doubt that promoters of all kinds hare sought to exploit the oil, mineral and other natural resources of Mexico. Mexican politicians have enriched ^iBselves br peddling out concessions out of which the government received very little and the politicians a L* ii good deal. The foreign promoters and the local politi 4 clans have worked together, and both have reaped rich harvests. But It is also a fact that what»«rer has been done in Mexico in the way of actual development has been done through the investment of foreign capital. Through for eign investment the rich old fields were discovered. It took a lot of drilling and experimenting to find out where oil existed in paying quantities and where it did not, and, the discoveries made, it took immense sums to provide the equipment necessary for successful prodnc tion. All of this meant the investment of foreign money, j. and foreign money was invested in millions. The foreigner who has invested his money in good 1 faith in Mexican enterprises is entitled to a square deal. He should expect to pay whatever taxes are levied against his property within reason, and should be will- Ing to do his share toward providing for the expenses of the government. No nation can object to these things being required of its citizens. But if the man who has invested his money. in good faith faces the confiscation I of his property he had a well founded grievance, and one .which the government of his own country should reoog- The specific charge has been made against some of the oil companies that they are fomenting revolution by contributing funds to revolutionary organizations. In re A'.Ply to this it is stated that in the districts concerning '.which this complaint is made, the Carranza government does not even attempt to exercise authority, and thai revolutionary partis* are actually in charge, and able to enforce such demands as they choose to make. They have demanded tribute of the oil companies, with the threat more or less directly made that if the tribute were not forthcoming the oil properties would be destroyed. Rather than suffer the destruction of their property the oil men pay such sums as are demanded. OUR OWN BUSINESS We are often told that we of the United States should attend to our own affairs and let Europe attend to hens. .Just now Europe Is. buying more from us than abe is selling to us, and'' the balance of trade in our .favor rises to enormous proportions. According to the. theory that we are not concerned with what goes on be yend our own borders It makes no difference to us •whether the trade conditions which, new prevail are good for Europe er not "We are selling the goods, and we may let the other fellow look out for himself. It happens, however, that beeause of fixed principles which none of us can change, trade cannot long remain one-sided. Europe cannot continue to buy unless she sells. And if the process of buying on credit continues long without indication* of purpose taxability to make salable things and sell them, grave questions will arise as to the-ability of Europe to pay for what she has al ready bought Questions of this kind have_ arisen already, and the fact that they are being asked i8 reflected in the world's exchange. Foreign money is depreciated. With the credit of all the leading nations on a sound and recognised ba sis, and with trade proceeding normally, the money of one country is exchanged for that of another on a basis approximating its metal value. The pound,' franc, lire and other money units are worth a definite number of dollars or cents of American money, and that relative value fluctuates but sUghtly. But lust now the value of European money in American dollars is away below the normal, and is steadily shrinking. A part of this depre ciation is due to the fact that under present conditions the credits are ail 'moving one way. Another part is the reflection of doubts as to the solvency' of some of our customers. there is an early change Europp must eeass buying from us beeaase she will have no money with which to make payment, and beeause we cannot safely extend credit to her any longer. That will be bad for Europe. But it will not be good for us. We need Europe in our business. We need there a market for billions of dollars' worth of our goods, the products of every Indus try that we have. And we not ouly need Europe in our business, bat, we need a busy and prosperous Europe. We need of Europe that her fields shall again be made to produce to their utmost, that her factories shall be run 0P*o®» that there shah be turned out by her peo thousands of things that ws need, and that Europs ean produce to better advantage that we can. that condition comes to pass the theoretical bal «a«« «T trade, to ogr favor will not be,so large, but the 9t ***&*> the wxohaage at ''-v.. .fe^S.V •M .11 product* on a mu tuary advantageous barfs, win be beneficial to Europe nmeb to interact that Europe sbaU be Vpfwfnl and prosperous as is tethe advantage of the ***rehMt that the farm*** in hi* Jerritory shall h**e geod srope and get good prices for them. Vaople Vw keeping Ume on ths duration applause at some «f the Ms Wilson mMtingK An IffWf Ktirrmd (by tol vjg* t»en enthusiasm may apptatid when «ptaa con- Vfcft m* Mcacnissd rsaaonabl* limits w^acted, and |M thing faiVi J, -"ft the pr.rUtlvn ao^'a THE EXACT LANGVAGE The best source of information as to what the con stituent of the &aa§ue of Nations contains is the con stitution of the League of Nations contains is the con ed. and has thus been made available to all who wished to Inspect it Concerning what the United States may or may not be required to do in certain oases, reference may be made to the provisions of the constitution which apply. Where quotations are made the exact language of the re vised constitution is followed. Article 2 provides^.hat t&e action of the League shall be effected through the instrumentality of two bodies, .the assembly and the council. In the next two articles it is provided that the assembly shall consist of representa tives of all member nations, each nation having one vote, and. that the council shall consist of representatives of nine powers, namely, the United States, Great Britain^ France, Italy, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece, each nation having one vote. Article 5 provides that except where otherwise ex pressly provided, all action in either body shall be by un animous vote. Express provisions for a majority vote are made as indicated with reference to a number of routine matters of procedure, etc.. but the. unanimous vote rule applies to all important decisions. Article 10 reads: The members of the League undertake to res pect and preserve AS AGAINST EXTERNAL AG GRESSION the territorial integrity and existing pol itleaJ independence of all members of the League. In caae of ANT SUCH AGGRESSION, or in case of any threat or danger of SUCH AGGRESSION the council shall advise upon the means by wMch this obligation shall be fulfilled. It has been said that the league constitution in this article plaees the world in a straight-jacket: that it guar antees to each of the dominant powers permanent pos session of the territory which it has occupied and per manent control of the peoples whom it has subjected and that in signing the treaty the United States will place Its armed forces unreservedly at the disposal of any nation which chooses to demand this service for the suppression of revolution among its own people. What are the facts? Suppose the people of Alsace, of Ireland, of Sicily, or of India begin an insurrection, with the avowed purpose of separating themselves from the nation of which they are a part and setting up an independent government of their own. What would be the duty of the United States la such a case Simply to mind "her own business. She would hav$ agreed to respect and preserve "as against external aggression," and there would be no ex ternal aggression in a case of that kind. But suppose that Bulgaria, after accepting the terms of peace, should violate the new Serb-Croat state. Then a different situation would exist. There would be a case of external aggression which would come.properly before the council. It will be observed that the council is re quired to "advise" upon the mesons which shall be taken. The council has no authority to command. It is expected to consider and recommend. It may decide that a re monstrance will suffice that an economic boycott of Bul garia would be desirable or that the situation calls for armed interference. But whatever Its conclusions are, the United States, being a member of the council, must con sur in them before they can even be registered and for warded to the nations particularly interested. Is it thinkable that the. man selected by the United States. government to represent it on the council "would agree to a recommendation placing unjust and unreas abia burdens on his own country? It is obvious that under the provisions of the constitution."as set forth in its exact language, no decision not in accord with right and reas-, on could be expected. THOSE TOWNLEY SPEECHES Mr. Letnk* takes issue with Judge Dean concerning the admission of Townley^s speeches during the trial at Jackson, Minnesota, and in doing so he confirms statements which have already been made as to some of the reas ons why Mr. Townley insisted, on addressing the jury after the testimony was all in, rather than to appear on the stand as a winess. &-v Mr. Lemke says that Townley speeches which were admitted in evidence were submitted. by the prosecution, that the defense was denied the privilege of introducing other speeches, and that it was for this reason that Town. '•ey desired to speak to the jury. In his statement at the time of sentencing Townley, Judge Dean made it very plain under what rules certain speeches were admitted and others were rejected. Town lar wss on trial for the commission of crime. The prose cution held that a part of the evidence of this crime was contained in certain speeches which Townley had made, and in support of this contention it submitted the text of those speeches entire and unchanged, so that the jury could determine whether or not those particular address es were seditious. The defense sought to introduce in evidence a number of other speeches which it was main tained were not seditious. This was objected to by the stfte on the ground that the introduction of speeches which were not seditious could not be held to off-set those which were, and the court sustained this objoction. The rating seems to be perfectly fair and reasonable and it is unquestionably In line with court proceedure, and the rules'of evidence. A man who is charged with the conv? mission of a murder at a particular-time and place is not' permitted to off-set direct testimony in support of the charge by fringing in witnesses to swear that at other times and^laces he not only did not commit murder but actually performed highly meritorious acts, yet that is the basis on which the demand was made for the intro duction of Townley's speeches. Their admission was de nied. Townley knew that he could not 'introduce in testimony himself, and moreover that he could not ap pear on the stand at all without being suhjectad to a cross examination which might be highly inconvenient for him, therefore ho remained off- the witnesp stand demand* ed that he be permitted to occupy'the speakers stand where he eould have everything his own way- 'r:An inspection of the partial list of stockholder^ just made public by the Siaal trust seems to indicate that the holding of a state offlca is an advantage to a stock sales man. The number of bank officials represented in the list tad* one to wonder whether Mr. Waters has cpn atdered it his business to examine' banks to' sell gisal stock: King Albert, of will cross to the United States on the Osprge Wa^Unfton. let Somebody ile tte jg«N«npicnt for peifnHtliig ^uropeah royalty •pkoardan AmfrleM tranaporf. •Vc'V,' '. I .|| "v "aueeaaa" only tf it rMuiia andsufferingtoUie 1*a- YDU'LCs HAVS TO ADMIT I'M GOOD uobKiKa i: HAve A Lore 0* WHS0N ATTACKS RESERVATIONS IN UTAH CITY Declares That United States Should Accept The Lead- :., Vv crship PEACE TREATY NOT ONE OF Bib SPOILS Repeats Declaration That It OflFers The Best Hope For China 4 Salt Lake City, TJtah,- Sept, 24."Re plying directly to senate' proposals to write reservations into ratification of the peace treaty. President Wilson de clared in an address at Mormon tab ernacle here last night that the "pro posal would cut, the heart" out of the League of Nations. Before a great crowd which re-' peatedly chcered his utterances, Mr. Wilson read a proposed reservation under which the United States "would assume no responsibility" to protect the integrity of foreign governments under article ten. Such a reserva tion, hp. asserted, would relieve the United States of a part of its just re» spousibility. "Does the United States want to be in on that special footing?" asked the president, and there was a great shout of "no" from the crowd. Answering objections that under, article ten the United States might be called on to settle Balkan controver sies, the president said: "If you want to put out a Are in Utah, you don't go to Oklahoma for the fire engine, and if you want to put out a flm in the Balkans, you don't send to the United States for troops." Would Use Available Forces. The' choise would be made, he sai4 "from the most suitable and /most available" forces, and the decision would .Ke nrjade with the consent of all the nations concerned. Should" the controversy .spread eo that the aid of the United States would be necessary, he said, then it would be so serious a situation that this nation would get in anyway, league or no league. To adopt such a reservation, con: tinued Mr. Wilson, was Hot to inter pret the covenant, but would consti tute an "absolute withdrawal" from the responsibilities of article ten and consequently, a rejection of the treaty. Sbonld Accept Z/eadersbip. Instead of wanting to get what it could without assuming any. responsi bility, it was the nation's duty,, he Said, to accept the leadership which the world now offered. That could be done, he continued, without, in any way inpalrlng national sovereignty, because ho great decision could be taken without the vote of the United States. The president was cheered again when he said that the "only serious forces" back of the movement to re ject or change the treaty "proceed from exactly the same sources as the pro German propaganda proceed from." He added that he had 'no notion of reflecting upon- the public men who were.. adding the: opposition, but he declared tbey were oleasing Germany :by Kl their attitude.: Through certain channels open to,,the govern ment, he said, he knew Germany was, "praying", that the: tfnit^i! States a of be a Sot' a Treaty of Spoils. Every previous treaty, atld the president, had been division of spoils, while the present document was "an absolute renunciation. of spoils." Everywhere throughout the world, he- asserted, settlem^nts'had heen made on the theory that the people themselves should determine what .form of government they should a Through th#^ people, the president said, he was appealing to senators to take a second thoufht if they intend ed to wrH« into the trtaiy .auoti WONDER WHAT THE CHAP IN THE COLLAR AD THQIKS ABOUT FUN LOOKtoKa MV MY VXOHDeOFUL FEATURES TvAJiCg A-S Goof LOoKiKS AS THE'. HD«So meST »vAN ONTHe STA6£ IP 1 po SAV lTf MVSeLP *»ap..- discoaa^r^lie Shanfiwg provision, repeating hia pre^ vlou* atatemanta that the la*arua SirvA eoant oftarad tba bast TH« GlRUi IN T^a STREET 0O oippy oveR iv\e. ..IT'S R&ALLY A CRllv\€ FOR ONE PCRSOM HAs/e A ON_- bjeauty.1 To t+o** POt-Y Article 10 of Covenant Peoria, Sept. 34.—That artiete 10 of the League of Nations covenant was not originated at the Paris peace con ference was'aaserted by former Sen ator James Hamilton Lewis, speaking last night under the auspices of the American Legion of European War Veterans in reply to statenients by Senators Borah and Johnson at Chi cago and in the middle west. Thb expression providing for the revention of "external aggression," Lewis, declared was written by Woodrow Wilson years before the European peace meeting to flt the needs of the South American states to carry out the general Monroe doct rine and "particularly to prevent ths invasions of certain Urge countries in South AmericS. over certain smaller ones which were then under threat of external aggression.". "Later" he said, "the president re ferred to this very spirit of clause ten in his speech at Mobile, Ala., in 1915, long before America was- in the war. I embodied part of the theme in my address at New Orleans to the re-v Mr. of the people want the League of Na tions adopted" The president said that one by one the objections to the league had melt ed away until the/issue had been re solved into a square cut questipn of taking the treaty or leaving it. 13,000 Hear Him. The crowd was estimated by police at 12,000. Every seat was occupied and all the available standing room taken, while outside the tabernacle there was another great crowd block, ing the entrances and the surrounding streets. President Heber J. Grant of the Mormon church, opened the meeting with an invocation in which he pray ed for strength for the nation's chief executive in his responsibilities. Gov ernor Simon Bamberger introduced the president. Eighty Per Cent Want League. Ogden: Utah. Sept. 24.—Homeward bound after nearly three weeks of speech making, President Wilson told a crowd here yesterday that he had found eighty per cent of the, people in favor of the League of liations. The chief opposition. He added, came from a "very disquieting element," which included the influences which tended .toward disloyalty during the war. The declaration was made from the rear platform of the president's pri vate car. where a croprd gathered and clamored for a speech after the presi dential party had returned from a brief automobijo ride through the city. Only a short stop was made hero before Mr. Wilson went on to Salt Lake City for a night meeting at the Mormon Tabernacle. .. He said in part: '. 'I cannot make a real speech un .der stho aw hop* tar Chttia'a ia interests. Heaskatf'hja. hear era felt ^alrPSdfcnShStJfg? thing for AnserJea to do to re *^e it*i circumstances, for you will understand that the theme I have most at heart needs a lot of seat room' to turn In and I would despair of making any adequate remarks .about so great a matter as the treaty of peace Sr the-League of Nations but .1 do And this, my fellow countrymen, that the thing Is very near the ncart of the people. Tpere are some.men in public life who do not seejn to .be •in .touch with the heart of tfce. pcbplc btft those who are kno«r?.hdw Ithiat. heart throbs deep and etronr Wr thls grtftt enterprise of bum£hity£ ot i. ,-,tA MOvn uncuD NatioiM and'that the chief opposition comes from the very dipqufeMnf elefnent tha^tre had to dea.1, wl^ before ftni during the war. "All the elemenUi that taniled to* -^srds disloyal^ •/are. agaln#t the league, and for a vary food raaaonltf this ltacue is not adopted, we, will nSovia tha4iar.fJiaa cbiatad certainly haws TRAvaUED A LOT AND ivc seeN A LOT OF FOLKS BUT ftrnqe A fiO- HAMPiOMLC. Aft I HOW CO Y6V LlKevMY HMR ISKT IT BUT IT DOES f»£QUIRC AxLOT OP ATTCNT.OM I The chering that started when the president entered the tabernacle last ed more than a minute and then the Star gpankled Banner was played on the great pipe organ. As the last bar of the song began, the cheering broke out again. Was Written by Wilson Years Ago Says Former Senator Lewis Louisiana State Bar association after having consulted with the president that, lie might authorize my quotation of him." The phraseology "as is now seen" Mr. Lewis said was not addressed at its origin to the Irish situation or to any country in Europe, but was ap plied in Europe as fitting the new sit uations. He asserted it was "pract ically an adoption" of that previously used as to South and1 Central Amer ican protection a.nd "emploved in the proposition of James G. Blain, when secretary of state under President Harrison, under .the title of "PanAm ericenism." "The only addition to the clause as then prepared was thai-suggested in Paxis by General Smuts of South America," Mr. Lew'is added, "ex pressed in the phase 'political, inde pendence." This suggestion of General Smuts was to execute the theme he had of the political independence ef .the, South African.states In line with what he publicity wrote should be the free dom of Ireland. WELCOME PLANNED' FOR BELGIANS WHEN THEY LAND IN U. S. Arrangements tor the tour of th« royal party, it was said today, have been almost completed and the itlner ary which will extend to the Pacific coast will be announced soon. MANY FRENCH DEPUTIES TO, BE WAR VETERANS Paris. Aug. 28.—(Correspondence of the Associated Press.)—When the nc^y French chamber assembles after the coming election lt'is expected that fifty per cent of the deputies will be veterans of the great war. Everyone is looking forward to a horiion blue chamber. Binet-Valmer, a writer who rendered such eminent services with the tanks in the last two years of the war, cxpects to be returned to the chamber. He has written that one of the first measures that'he .will try to have passed wlU be thfe re warding by titles of the victorious French generals. Commentlng upon the title granted by the king af Bng Jand' to, General Byhg, making, him Lord Byng of Vimy, Binet-Valmer writes "I shall ask the new hoUee thaf the names of great battles be added to :the names of our great marshals and generals. For a tentative, list I pro pose the folowing: Marshal Joffre, Duke of the MaFne: Marshal Foch. Prince of the Yscr (the title of pcince has to be a foreign one) Duke of 8aint-Gond and of the Alane Marshal Pataln. Duke of Verdun General Caatelnao, Duke of Nancy General minfia. V»kS tor, it is nothing else than that. "We must set our purposes in a very definite w%y to assist the judg ment of public men... "I do not mean In any way to coerce the. Judgment of public men. but to enlighten and as sit that Judgment, for I am convincad. after croaainr the continent,' tbat there is no sort of doubt that eighty pen cent of the people of the United .States are for the League ot viiieri.Cotter^ta. GtrihiUi Is si P«5 Ob A Mii«ioi •5 Q' Qi ^Madt'Inimuac* Pjirta.. S»Pt-- A* nation: we consider the Flume mattae settled Iwojuwa ira have actual possaaatan.'e Garibaldi to- an AJeeciated Preaa rep resentative here. General ^fiarfbgnj i«at reached Paris from Rome, ccrniBg on wh*t wag aald to be an 1m. jmttant mlaprton from whlcii ho would to nleet Gabrlele Ja*Annuns!o, the (fTJrllimo. ., f'lf Pr* to pmmv* he ,added," ha ...^ __ would .peftMIt «h* whole attrition to fee MoVlC rteROfei GET TnetR reputation/ FORI GOODj.L.QOKSzJ You'D CAUW1 Tto SEE ME' VNITH THfcS COLLAR LOOW Jtl5T^L»KE#AM ORDIM A«Y 4PCR40N) 2£b*'&* its Copyright l»is. by the ttfimne AasoclaUou (New Tork Tribuna* A .' Washington, Sept 24i~King Albert, Queen Elizabeth and Crown Prfnce Leopold of Belgium will be .welcomed informally when the transport George Washington on .which they are en/ route to the United States reaches New Tork. The formsl welcome will be given the royal party on its arrival Washington. Immediately on landing at New Tork distinguished guesta will go aboard a spatial train for Washington where they probably will be met by President and Mrs. Wilson. THE GOOD LITJXiE BOX. '.J Once there was a bey who neyar, Tore his clothes, or hardly ever, Never made hie sister'mad, Never whipped fei* beln' bad, Never scolded by his Ma, Never frowned at by his Pa, Always fit fer folks to see. Always good as good could be. This good little boy from Heavm, So I'm told, was only seven, Yet he never shed real- tears When his mother scrubbed his carp, An' at times when he was dressed Fer ». party, In his best, .. He was careful of his shirt Not to get it smeared with dirt. If .. ':r cr- y-:•-• Used to study-late at night -v— Learnin' haw to read an' write. When he played a baseball game, Right away he always came When his mother called him in. An' he never made a din v.. But. was quiet as a mouse When they'd comp'ny in the house, Liked to wash his hancs an' face. Liked to work around the place Never, when he'd tired of pliy, Left his wagon in the way Or his bat an' ball around—.i'. Put. 'em where they could be found. An' that rrood.boy married Ma, An', today he ic my Pa Rippling Rhymes By WAW UASOK. If you're tired,. O tolling brothers, of the chores you have to do, there are forty- million others who are just, as tired you. Sometimes when my back is aching^ and my feat ure. and sore. I remark, "it's no use m5C- K- 0 ing earnest efforts any ftere for weanv of my burden,, and my hearths,. is cold as ice and I fail-to see a guer-4^ I' don I consider -frorth the price. Oh.^' I I tired of splitting klndlingand I'm r,« tired of packing coal all the dreams I had are dwindling, and my hope* i•/ are.in the hole All the jobs I do are I botches and I'm weary of it all- I'm tired of winding watches. I am tired of playing ball." And .I look around i' for pfty, and I find.to my surprise that the whole immoral city fairly 4, swarms with .weary guys..' They ara"'- 'fi-: tired of digging 'taters, tired of dodg. ,:'i 'i"'*"' ing the police, tired of shoeing alii, gators, ttred of herding ducks and geeec, They arc weary, mr, ajways.^ tired of all this world provides: they are tired of growlns calwaM,'tired tanning children's hides. to I'm tlrtii^11 of balng weary when I th^'ljiliH^* a 1 if dreary, I won't travel with a mob.—. Qbpyright by George Matthew,.A4anuK?'p''? 3- L'&'1^ RUSSIA HAS -BIG' WAft.l«Wf v*gV- •Londah Sppt. 1.—-(Correapendanea of the Aaaodatad Praaa,)—Interest on Rusalas -at^a llabillUes tod^'M'-r-^80%^ amounts annually to apprqximktelt t. tM3,500,000, according to a atatemei Issued from Omsk toy the minister finance of tha Kolohak govarnmant. In 1M4 tha national daw™ ,000,0 00 rubify tha' statemanT-1 .says. Internai war time leans aggra gated-: .8S,000 000,(TOO rubles, while loans contracted aoroad amountad tf i,ooo,oo»,MO rubias. thos mSS tbi drtt tt'a total of about S0,M0,MM0C rtihlas. About IO.MO.OOO rublw rIwedTaVFo^ ln'sncllah« AnUricsn,•* mutOk.. -AimMm ani: MM**currenciaawhlchennaot be-. «""f waT^uj«rta^Tw*^Be^ |t*^ notad that Great Britain mippliad WK Ruaala'a |lna^£^rra«Ur»*s menta dwiaf hoguuti* with WOT VWWJIW*.^ Sept/ 2.lid:' resetted from -drowning: in the here by James IMrhv iW'i "SW- W-' (thg