The herald. [microfilm reel], February 12, 1893, Page 10, Image 10

About The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900

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10
their possession of the valleys of the
Hudson and the Mohawk, held the
gates of the continent, and by subse
quent addition of tbe conquered Tusca
roras, became the Six Nations known to
our history, and which represented the
highest type of the American Indian,
membeis of which powerful races in tho
unbroken line of descent abide in tbe
Btate of New York today. This Indian
exhibit will consist of a long row of
wigwams and stockades, such aa were
need by the Iroquois nation. The houses
will be occupied by Indian families
numbering about 30 persons. The con
struction and material of these dwell
ings and their surroundings will con
form ac closely ac possible to the style
that prevailed in the fifteenth century.
The project to create an architectural
representation of old Vienna in Chicago
now aeema to be complete, the repre
eentatlvea of the syndicate who will put
it up reporting that their arrangements
to that end have been completed. De
ligna for old Vienna of 200 years ago
have been made. The design creates
the impression of a part of an ancient
city built up with great irregularity and
£ resents old gable-end bouses with
eacoea and shields, and these open up
a perspective to small, narrow atreete.
The council house, with outside stair
case and covered way, stretches along
the entire distance of the equare, in the
middle of which stands an ancient well.
This must be seen to be really appre
ciated. Uno.
THE CITY'S FINANCES.
The Report Adopted Yesterday by the
Committee.
The city council's finance committee
yesterday adopted the following report:
Recommend that the reports of the
city auditor Bbowing the condition of
the funds for week ending January 28,
1893, and February 6, 1593; report of
water overseer on sales of water for the
month of January, 1893; and the report
of the city auditor on the water over
seer's report for seven daya in the
month of January, 1893, be filed.
Recommend that the demand of L. H.
Lyon for $25.35, J. M. Baldwin for $20,
W. A. E. Noble for $15, J. T. Brown for
$16, D. F. Donegan for $350, be denied.
Recommend that petition No. 60 from
A. Mecartney for a rebate of tixea be
referred to the city attorney for his
opinion on the same.
In the matter of petition No. 75, from
Helen M. Durgen, aaking that tax sale
certificate No. 49. to be found on page
435, of volume 4 of tax sales, for the
year 1887-88, be cancelled, tbe city as
sessor having reported to the committee
that the statements therein set forth
are correct, we recommend that said pe
tition be granted, and that the city clerk
'be ordered to mark eaid tax sale cer
tificate No. 49, for tbe year 1887-88, can- 1
-celled and redeemed of record, the same
being a double of assessment No. 1493, 1
unknown owners.
i In the matter of petition No. 99, of '
Maria Medran, asking that tax sale cer- '
tificate No. 2727, for the year 1871-92, be ,
ordered cancelled and redeemed of rec- j
ord, upon the ground that the property
therein described is' a double assess- ]
ment, the city assessor having reported j
to the committee that the facts therein'
•et forth are correct, we recommend
tbat the city clerk be instructed to mark '
said tax sale certificate No. 2727, to be (
found in volume 9 of tax sales, at page
309, cancelled and redeemed ef record.
In the matter of petition No. 61 from j
Max Harris, asking for the return to
him on account of tax sale certificate 1
No. 1890, for the year 1890-91, upon the 1
ground that the property therein de- '
scribed is doubly assessed,) and tho
taxes already paid as shown by assess- j
ment No. 119, the city assessor having !
reported to thia committee that the j
statements therein contained are cor- j
rect, we recommend that eaid tax sale
certificate No. 1890 be marked cancelled '
and redeemed of record, and that upon
the presentation of a proper demand up- ■
on the tax fund of 1890-91 the sum of 1
$23.72 be returned to the petitioner.
In the matter of petition No. 817, from
N. P. Campbell, asking a return to him
on account of certain tax sale certifl- 1
cates, which are alleged to be either er- '
roneouß or double, the city assessor hav
ing reported to this committee that the
facta therein contained are correct, we
recommend that certificate No. 1110 for
the year 1880-91, certificate No. 191 for
the year 1898-90, certificate No. 443 for
the same year, certificate No. 1243 for
the year 1887-88, that certificate No. 743
for the year 1887-88, and certificate No.
746 for tbe year 1887-68 be marked can
celled and redeemed of record, and that
upon the presentation of proper demands
the following auma be returned to the
petitioner, to-wit: Certificate No. 1110,
tax fund of 1890-91. $1.01; certificate No.
191, tax fund of 1889-90, $5.63; certifi
cate No. 443, tax fund of 1889-90, $3.39;
certificate No. 1243, tax fund of 1887-88,
$6 64; certificate No. 743, tax fund of
1887-88, $2.82: certificate No. 746, tax
fond of 1898-88, $2.82.
CALIFORNIA BIRDS AND BOYS.
Dr. Charming Diseoaries A bout Them In
a Boston Periodical.
The Popular Science .News (Boston)
for February contains a letter from our
townsman, Dr. William F. Charming,
on Birds and Boys of California, says
the Pasadena Star. The letter wag sent
to call attention to a communication re
cently published in the Star from the
pen of young Joe Grinnell, bob of Dr.
and Mrs. Fordyce Grinnell, on Audu
bon's Warbler. Tbe Popular Science
Nbwb publishes tbe commnnication ver
batim, aa well as Dr. Channing's inter
esting letter, which contains some valu
able reflections concerning the birds,
fruits and seasons of Southern Califor
nia. The doctor concludes his letter ac
followa:
"I must aay a word about what jibr
bapa ia our best product, the
eration oi boya and girla, who I think
are the finest physical epecimena of
childhood and youth I have ever Been.
Thia ia due largely to the outdoor life
which we lead all the year round. Our
schools also are nearly equal in physical
training, as well aa iv other respects, to
those of New England."
A Gnat JKlflsr Berry Bunh.
• A novel exhibit haa been furnished
the local world's fair commission by J.
W. Cooper, from his Santa Rosa ranch.
It la a aection of the trunk of an elder
berry stalk which measures 22 inches in
diameter. It is aa firm and eolid ac or
dinary wood. There are other elder
atalks of atill larger proportiona than
this one, some measuring 26 to 30 inches
in diameter, but they are not suitable
for exbiblta on account of being more
aoft and pithy. The aection will be act
up in the exhibit of thia county, and
will be quite a curioaity.—[Santa Bar
bara Praia.
Miles' Nerve and Liver Pills.
Act on a new principle—regulating the liver,
stomach and bowels through the nerves. A
Sew discovery. Dr. Miles* pills speedily cure
Ilionsness, bad tastes, torpid liver, piles, con
stipation. Unequalled for men, women and
children. Smallest, wildest, surest 150 dose*
S»o. Bamplesiiee. 0. H. Bane*, 177 Horth
afnaf,
LOS ANGELES HERALD: SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 12, 1893.
ABOUT THE NICARAGUA CANAL.
The Question of the Govern-
ment's Action.
Some of the Features of the Bill
Now Before the Senate.
It Is Proposed to Give the Control of
the Canal to the Federal Govern
ment—Some Estimates of the
Probable Business.
The following statement has been pre
pared by the press committee appointed
bytthe recent national convention in
New Orleans, which unanimously de
manded the prompt construction and
government control of the Nicaragua
canal; this committee has for chairman
J. M. Eddy of Eureka, Cal., and J. W.
Faulks of Cedar Rapids, la., is secre
tary:
It is conceded on all sides that the
Nicaragua canal is a commercial neces
sity to the psople of the United States,
and that its construction and operation
will do more to enhance the commer
cial importance and increase the collec
tive wealth of tbe Btates of the union
than any measure now thought of. Tho
newspapers of the United Btates, to
whose effort more than to that of any
other agency is due the wide-spread dis
cussions of, and interest in, the project,
are agreed on these propositions. If
tbe canal Is not constructed by public or
private energy in the United States, it
will be done with the help of private or
pnblic capital in other financial markets
of tbe world. It does not need an ap
peal to American patriotism to make
manifest the desirability of its construc
tion by the people of the United States.
Upon the quest ion whether the United
States government should have any di
rect relation to its construction, there
is not entire unanimity. When, how
ever, all tbe facts are known, objection
to such participation is, we think, un
founded. These facts show that before
the New Orleans convention the senti
ment favorable to some eort of govern
ment intervention had taken but im
perfect form, and that this convention,
composed of representative men from
the various states, formulated the sug
gestion which has since been expressed
in tbe amended bill recently reported to
tbe senate by the committee on foreign
relations. The terms of this new
measure envelop the government's re
lation with such protection and safe
guards that whatever objection existed
to its participation in the project have
now been fully met.
The new bill strips the present owners
of the canal of all but lees than one
eighth of the ownership, and gives over
the control to the federal government.
The men to whose efforts was due the
inception of the undertaking are thus >
rendered powerless and well-nigh voice
less. In return for a guarantee only of
$100,000,000 or less of bonds, the United i
States takes $80,500,000, or SO}* per cent, ]
of the canal company's stock, fully paid, i
and the government appoints 10 of the t
15 directors. These 10 directors are to 1
be non-partisan. As a consequence this t
arrangement gives the government four- ,
fifths of the caDal company's entire as- i
sets. Unlike the guarantee of the Pacific i
railroad bonds, in which the government I
neglected to provide for its own appoint- j
ment of a majority of the directors, it at i
all times uuutruto tin, Trbiie It is 1
not, for state reasons, the legal owner, c
It is in effect, if not theoretically, there- 1
fore, the owner of tbe canal, since the 1
latter'a destinies are within its entire <
keeping. If the interest which <
it guarantees is not paid, it will 1
be the fault of its directors, and hence
its own neglect, since being the majority I
of two-thirda of the canal company, i
their duty is to vote the company's .
money to meet the interest, and for
such other purposes as may be neces
sary. The delicate matter of a violation
of the Olayton-Bulwer treaty, the Nica
ragua treaty and the terms of the
Nicaragua and Costa Rica concessions,
are by this virtual control, without
ownership in legal form, avoided. The
government cannot own the canal, in a
legal sense. The treaties between this
country and Nicaragua and Costa Rica,
and the concessions made by those re
publics, require among other things that
the concessions be the property of a cor
poration. In this corporation Nicaragua
ana Costa Rica must be represented on
the directory by one director each. Any
foreign government may hold a majority
of the stock of the corporation or be
otherwise represented, but the conces
sion cannot pass from the corporation to
a foreign government. This seems to us
to dispose of several points which we Bee
raieed in our exchangee.
It is not properly understood tbat the
citizens of the United States, and es
pecially those of tbe south and west,
whose proximity makes them specially
interested, and not the canal company,
are pressing tbe matter of government
control. The latter occupies, so far as
we are able to judge, an independent po
sition. It has at no time directly or in
directly asked government aid. It is
doubtful indeed whetherjthe terms of the
amended bill are of any advantage to it,
since if it were inclined to do so it could
doubtless find in the money markets of
Europe capital ready and willing to in
vest in an undertaking which is eurer of
substantial returns than was the Suez
canal at its inception. The people of
the United States, however, would re
gard as little less than a crime any
movement looking to a denial to this
country of the opportunity to construct
and take the tremendous advantages of
an enterprise whose geographical posi
tion seems to entitle the United States
to its acquirement as of natural right.
We think tbe first promptings of patri
otism should restrain recourse to foreign
money centers, until it is at least found
impossible to awake tbe people of this
country to a realization of the full im
portance of securing to itself a high
way of such commercial and strategic
mo meet.
The condition of government aid being
the virtual ownership of the canal, it is
therefore not a subsidy. It is not prob
able that one dollar will ever be spent
on the project by the United States.
The chance of loss by the government is
leduced to a most unlikely possibility.
, To cause government any financial loss
the enterprise must fail. No one ap
, predating the full significance of the
, unanimous and imperative demand
, throughout the world for tbe canal can
. seriously believe it will fail to pay when
( completed. Any accomplishment of en
. gingering science within a not excessive
cost, which will bring New York and
New Orleans 10,000 miles closer to San
Francisco and the South American
• Pacific porta, would aeem to justify al
\ most any reasonable government aid.
- The passage of tbe bill now before con
-1 gress to secure federal control of the
J canal would give the United States the
advantage over its European competit
orß both in time and distance where it
I ia now at a disadvantage. (The United
btates, suffering as it doss by palpable
dißadvantages of time and distance over
. its European competitors, no measure
can be devised which will bring to it the
benefits of this canal.) The coast wise
trade of the United States passing
through the canal is estimated at not
I less than 9,000,000 tons annually. At $1
per ton, which is about half the toll of
tbe Suez canal, the revenue of. tbe
Nicaragua canal would be $9,000,000
. from this source alone. The interest on
the bonds is $3,000,000, and the cost of
maintenance and operation is estimated
at $1,000,000 annually. This leaves
$5,000,000 annually for a sinking fund
with which to pay off the bonds before
they cojje due. It is not likely that
there will be necessity for the issuo of
all of the $100,000,000 of bonds. The
progress in applied mechanics has so
cheapened the cost of borings, dredg
ing and excavations of late yeara that
while engineers unsuspected of bias have
definitely fixed the coßt of the canal at
not to exceed $87,000,0000, there is very
good ground for believing that under
economical management, coupled with
the low rates of interest secured by fed
eral indorsement, the cost would be
nearer $50,000,000.
If the committee were asked from
what source the greatest opposition to
the construction of tbe Nicaragua canal
proceeds, it would be obliged in truth to
say the railroad interests, which seem
to see in it a competition which
will decrease the cost of transconti
nental shipments and impair tbe Bize of
their dividends. No stronger illustra
tion of the urgent necessity for the canal
can be found than in the fact that the
charges of the transcontinental rail
roads are so excessive that a Council
Bluffs, lowa, shiDper found it cheaper
to ship goods destined for San Francisco,
to New York and thence by clipper
around Cape Horn, 17,000 milea to the
Golden Gate, rather than directly from
Council Bluffs to San FrancißCO by the
Pacific railroad.
The fact that the railroads are said to
have a well-organized lobby at Washing- I
ton, to fight the canal bill, gains added 1
significance from this state of things,
which ought to arouse the dormant en- ;
orgies of the commercial epirit of the 1
United Slates.
The failure of tbe Panama canal and <
its effects on the Nicaragua project are 1
viewed variously, but in our belief the <
most reasonable view is that which sees <
in the collapse an opportunity it were <
wisdom to embrace. To draw compari- ]
son between the French scandal and the f
Nicaragua undertaking, is to lose sight '
of the difference between the French 1
and American national character, if it i
does not insult the integrity of the press 3
of the country, aa members of which we f
would be among the first to resent. The
French government gave no aid to the f
Panama canal, except that it authorized f
lotteries, and it is alleged to have sup- 1
pressed an unfavorable report upon the 1
work made by one of its engineers. Had c
it taken the precautions which the c
United State congresa outline in the case r
of the Nicaragua canal, France would f
have been saved its preßent disgrace. 1
From the first the Panama scheme was 8
corrupt and its principal victims being j
peasants of very moderate means, have i
raieed the not unreasonable presumption d
that some, if not all, of its promoters a
knew of its fraudulent character. Cer- o
tainly they were aware that skillful en- t
gineers of America, England and Ger- g
many pronounced the project utterly E
impracticable for a less expenditure o
than a thousand million dollars. That «
lug, in the light of tbe use of enormous o
Bums of bribery and corruption. If it g
had no other result than to incite the |
United States government to extreme I
caution in dealing with the Nicaragua t.
canal, the Panama lesson would not be f
lost on üb. t
The Panama route being now out of li
the question, the Nicaragua canal, ccv- a
c: al hundred miles north of it, and t
hence more desirable from this nation's t
view, is demanded with an earnestness 1
that cannot be ignored. It is the only 1
feasible way of obviating the long and 1
expensive journey around Cape Horn, t
It will remove the great obstacle now in i
the way of domination by the United c
States of the trade of this hemisphere, t
It will open the porta of India, China I
and Japan to commercial interchange i
with this country, which must result in \
immense pecuniary advantage to the c
citizens of the United States. It will 1
stimulateinter-state exchange of prod- t
nets between the Atlantic and Pacific
coast states, and will in every way tend i
to put this country on an equal footing i
with England, which nobody doubts i
would like nothing better than to her- 1
self own and control the Nicaragua i
canal, if that were possibe. i
[Signed] Press Committee, 1
New Orleans Nicaragua Canal Conven- 1
tion. (
J. M. Eddy, Chairman, i
Eureka, California, i
I. W. Faulkeb, Secretary, <
Cedar Rapids, la, t
i
The Snowball Battle.
Winter sport has now beguni
Snowball battles arejAhe fun;
Fast and thick the snow shot flyj
Both aides for the vict'ry try.
Tl.o besieged in snowy strife
Battle fiercely for dear life:
Tis a most rrood natured fray,
Frtend and foe are but in play.
When at last the battle's done.
What's tho odds which side has won? ]
—OUrUttaa at Work.. I
Victory I
Tn« Greatest the Woblij Has Known.—To
many a man, stricken on the field of battle, the
ory of victory has fallen gratetully; but ovea
more grateful to aa individual is a realizing
sense that by the use of l)r. Miles' Restorative
i Nervine he has achieved a victory over any
nervous affliction, such as prostration, sick
headache, poor memory, dizziness, sleepless
. ness. neuralgia, hysteria, fits, dullneis, sexual
i debility, irritability, convulsions, spinal irrita
bility, bt. Vitus dance, etc. Testimonials of
thousands of such cures are in possession of the
Dr. Miles Medical Co., KlUhart. Ind. Restora
• tive Nervine is «old by C. H. Hance, the popu
, lar druggist, 177 N. Soring strest, on a guaran
tee. Ask for a bock, free.
Wall paper, 237 a Spring. Samples sent.
THE GOSPEL OF THE OLIVE.
Points About the Culture of
the Poor Man's Tree.
California Equal, if not Superior to,
Italy for Olive Culture.
The Trees Ban Be Grown on Cheap Land
Without Irrigation— Their Produc
tiveness— Large Returns Can
Be Relied Upon.
The following paper on olive culture,
by John 8. Calkins, of Pomona, Cal.,
was read at the meeting of the Southern
California Farmers' institute, held at
Rivera February 7th and Bth, 1893:
There are so few bearing olive orch
ards in California to serve as object les
sons, that even fruit growers do not
know much about the profits of olive
culture. In view of this, it might be
well to consider tbe behavior of olive
trees under what ie generally supposed
to be unfavorable conditions. I will
allude to several cases: Mr. Henry H.
Wheeler, a neighbor of mine, and a
very reliable gentleman, writeß to the
Pomona Progress that he has about 400
Mission olive trees, 5 and 6 years old,
planted 22 feet apart, occupying lees
than four and one-half acres; they bore
tbia season 7638 pounds, which he Bold
at 5 cents per pound (less than 25 cents
per gallon), which amounted to $381.90,
or about $86 per acre. If he bad made
the olives into pickles himself, as grow
ers here generally do, his returns at
wholesale prices would have been about
$344 per acre. The crop will increase
from year to year until the trees are
about 30 years of age, and continue in
fruitage for more than 100 years. These
trees have not been irrigated since they
were set out, and the fruit has never
shriveled before it was gath
ered. A mile or more from Mr.
Wheeler's orchard, well up the
mountain side, there is an abandoned
place on which there are a number of 4
year-old olive treeß growing without
cultivation or irrigation; this year they
bore fruit which ripened without shriv
eling ; the soil ia a stiff clay, and was bo
dry and hard-at the time the ripe fruit
waa on the treea that scarcely any im
pression could be made upon it with a
shovel. Several miles east of thia place,
near tbe mountains, ia an olive tree
which the owner told me had not been
irrigated since he had owned it csome 11
years), but that every year it had borne
a good crop of fruit.
"Six years ago (says the Auburn Her
ald) William Shillingeburg purchased
an no-acre tract of about the poorest
land in the neighborhood, on one of the
highest and dryest hill-tops near New
castle, Placer county; he pulled up
stumps, grubbed out brush, quarried
rocks, reclaimed all mined-out land and
filled up mining cuts ; he has now, upon
what waa regarded the worst part of the
80, a bearing olive orchard which
yielded this season 5000 gallons of olives; '
it ia looated high above hie irrigating
ditch on red granite land, which looks I
so parched and burnt aa almost to cause
one to believe that hia Satanic majesty
had for generations past used it for a
gridiron. No water other than the rain *
as ever touched the land, and the '
owner saya he would run a man off with i
a gun if he found him fooling around
IlitlJ.rA><>-'J*/.'A)i huiAm-1A... r~ ---- o j
of olive treea bearing well without irri- .
gation. There are 50 olive treeß along a
roadside near Olendale, in this county, ,
which averaged 288 pounds of olives to ,
the tree thia season; a fruit firm bought
them atcenta per pound and made
them into picklea. The owner received ;
less than 20 cents per gallon, but even
at thia low price hie returns from each
tree amounted to $10 08. If he had made ;
the crop into picklea himself and sold at
market rates, he would have received at
least $40 per tree. I am not informed
how old the treeß are, or whether
they have been irrigated. There are
many thousands of acres of land through
out California that are as well adapted
to olive growing without irrigation as
Mr. Wheeler's, which may be bought at
$10 to $25 per acre. When it is seen
what generous returns the olive yields
on these cheap lands we may forecast
how important the olive industry is des
tined to become.
The outlook for a ready and profitable
market for the product is moat encourag
ing, while our other fruits, in the main,
muet seek a market in the east, where
they come into competition with fruits
raised there and elsewhere. We have
for the olive a home market almost
wholly unsupplied, except by the in
ferior green pickled olives and spurious
oil imported into the state from Europe
in large quantities. Our pickled olivea
are becoming very popular, and in
creasing demand for them is unmis
takable. There can be no doubt that as
soon as we have the goods in sufficient
quantity they will displace the inferior
oil and pickles imported here, not only
in the markets of our own state, but in
those of the entire country, and it may
be confidently asserted that when our
pure oil can be put upon the European
markets side by side with the cotton
seed mixture that now prevails there,
that it will win and hold a permanent
place even in those markets.
The olive la eminently the poor man's
tree; he can grow the fruit on cheap
land and can make the oil and picklea
at home by Bimple and cheap means, as
has been done by many persona for
years past, tbe art being no more diffi
cult to learn than the making of butter
and cheese. If he prefers to sell his
fruit from the tree there are already
competing buyers, and their number
will increase ac tbe product increases.
As to varietiea, the Miaaion ia best
known and has produced nearly all the
oil and picklea of the state up to this
time; but within a few years many new
varietiea have been imported from Eu
rope. I have in my nurseries nearly
60 varieties. A number of them are in
bearing in different parts of tbe state
and are highly esteemed. Upon thia
point I will present the views of Mr. K.
McLennan, foreman of the State Exper
iment station at Pomona. He ia a thor
ough horticulturist and was for many
years connected with the experiment
station at Berkeley, Cal., where he had
special opportunities for studying the
different varietiea of olivea; hiß opin
ion, therefore, on the subject, ie of
value. In a recently published let
ter he said: "Over a year ago
i Professor JHilgard (director of tbe ex
periment station of the University of
: California) made analysis of 12 varieties
; of olivea from Fresno, Santa Clara and
: Alameda counties, the same varieties
I being taken from each place; in each in
stance the Nevadillo bianco was superior
I to all others tested in both quality and
! quantity of oil; also in fruitage; the
Miaaion came in for a good second, with
- Rubra and Pendulina following in tbe
oidftr named. At the aame time and in
the same tests theManzanillo was found
to be the beat for pickling. These tests
, showed that the olives grown in the ir
rigated districts of Fresno contained
more water, less oil, and were inferior to
? those name aorta raised in other local
ities without irrigation. It is Bafo to
say that the nevadillo is a sure variety
to plant for oil, as it is a strong and vig
orous grower as well as being adapted to
more localities and kinds of soil than
any of the other varieties tested ; it also
resists the attacks of the black scale
better than any of the others.
For pickling, the Mauzanillo is the
best on account of its fine flavor, large
size, and being a free stone: it is an
early and heavy bearer, and gives pro
mise of making a very good oil."
In 1890 thia country imported 803,984
gallons of alleged olive oil. In 1891 Cal
ifornia produced 11,420 gallons of pure
olive oil; the annual output of Italian
oil is valued at $120,000,000, which is
more than the valueoi all the wheat ex
ports of the United States for 1891.
California has proved herself equal, if
not superior, to Italy aa an olive grow
ing region. What, then, Is to prevent
her from reaping, in the near future, a
portion of the rich rewards of olive cul
ture enjoyed by that favored country ?
Fertilizers for Orchards.
Tho annual application of fertilizers to
many of the beat orange grovea in Po
mona valley haa become necessary. It
has been necessary in the older grovea
in Riverside, for .seven or eight years,
and the orange growers now who do not
fertilize and who are not familiar with
the principles of renewing tho soil are
not going to keep up wiih the procession
of progressive orchardists. The need of
fertilizers is not always evident in the
younger stages of citrus-trees growth,
but the heavy tax which prolific bear
ing brings upon the tree haa demon
strated its advisability. All sorts of fer
tilizers have been experimented with,
and all with benefit.
The most generally approved ib good
sheep manure from the corrals, but the
supply is nearly exhausted, and in
creased coat deterß from its general use.
The stables are drawn upon for a supply,
and the effect is good, especially when
it can be applied early and turned Under,
so tbat it can rot from the effect of the
winter rains. Put it in early and thick
ly, get the benefit of the rains, even if
it cannot at once be plowed under. If
the rains fall gently, much of the best
of it is absorbed in the soil and will rot
sufficiently before the weeds of spring
come, so that the cultivator may be
worked through it. It ia not desirable
to plow too frequently, ac the constant
cutting of the fibrous roots in the warm
surface soil will often prevent heavy
fruiting for a season.
Artificial fertilizers have been quite
generally uaed during the laat few yearß,
and with the result in moat cases of in
ducing a better <jrowth and deepening
the color of the foliage, and causing the
trees to grow more regularly. Do not,
however, let orchards wait too long for
manure, but give it to them before they
manifest a need of it in light-colored
leaves and stunted growth. It is always
the groves that have been most gener
ously manured and cared for that give
their owners the handsomest and most
regular net returns. —[Pomona Progress.
The Citron of Commerce.
Our people are not giving sufficient at
tention to the citron of commerce. Good
varieties are now being introduced into
California, and orchards on a small scale
are being planted. The trees begin to
fl prontaole one. a. nun iv uir .an
les payß a good price for all tbe good
citrons it can buy, and the prepared
fruit put up by that firm sells at a
higher price than iB paid for the import
ed article. Thus far the crop has sold at
about 40 centß a pound for the prepared
fruit. There ought to be more money
in citrons at these figures than there is
in either oranges or lemons. The tree iB
tender and cannot stand much cold, but
it will flourish in such places as Kialto.
—[Orange Belt.
An Old Lemon Tree's Second Youth.
The strange case of a tree's discon
tent, or eccentric and sudden change of
business, has just come to the notice of
the Ojai. Twenty years ago Mr. Joseph
Hobart, who has a thrifty fruit ranch in
the Upper valley, among other stock
purchased a lemon tree of Air. Dana B.
Clark, then a well-known Montecito
nurseryman. The tree grew and bore
fruit according to contract, but being iv
an unfavorable situation has been con
siderably set back by frost. The main
tree was cut away and young sprouts
grew up some 15 feet and continued the
lemon-producing business. Now the
marvel is that the newest sprouts from
the old lemon tree are this year bearing
a good-sized crop ol navel oranges! The
original lemon was probably grafted
upon orange stock, and there may be
nothing wonderful in nature allowing
the germ of the orange to lie dormant
for 20 years and then suddenly develop;
but how is it that the tree is growing
navel oranges when, if our information
is correct, that particular kind of or
ange was introduced leaa than 20
years ago ?
Mr. Hobart has cut away the lemon
producing branches, and now proposes
to have an orange tree for a while.
Blore Light on It.
The conversation hod drifted to the
**Whero am I at?" episode.
"Naow, d'ye knaow," said tho Engllßh
man, slightly perplexed, "that sounds
quite odd to us. We should say, "Where
is my 'at?' "—Chicago Tribune.
For Onco In Ills Life.
First Disputant—Then I'm a li.tr?
Second Ditto—On the contrary, my dear
fellow, you have just epoken the truth.—
Tit-Bits. ,
Badly oar.
"And what did the doctor Bay was really
the matter with you?"
"Well, miss, his very words was, 'You're
Brsuflerin from a guitar ill the stoinaoa.
With a great want of tone.' "—Judy.
ADVICE ABOUT LEMON CULTURE.
Up-to-Date Points About the
Way to Succeed.
How to Gather, Cure and Pack the
Fruit.
The Way to Pick ana Select the Lemon.
The Curing- Process—Variety Not
So Important as the Man
ner of Handling-.
[BY I. R. TIIKKCKKLD.]
As the acreage being set to lemons is
steadily increasing a few general hints
upon the subject of curing lemons may
be of use to the amateur lemon grower.
Gathering the fruit is the first step in
the process of curing. Care should be
taken to remove the fruit from the tree
as soon as it is large enough without
reference as to its greenness, or rather
its ripeness. The fruit should be
clipped—not pulled off—as it reaches
proper eize—about the size that will
pasa through a three-inch ring maybe
called the proper size. Care should be
taken to clip the fruit at a uniform size
and to handle it with caution to prevent
bruising. After gathering, lemons
should be placed in boxes, about
the size of an ordinary apple box, and
set in a cool dry place, there to remain
say. two or three days, when it should
be carefully removed from the boxes
and wrapped in tissue paper and care
fully packed in lemon boxes (such aa
are used for shipping lemons and or
anges). Care should be taken not to
pack too closely or to pack the boxes too
full. When they are carefully wrapped
and packed in the cases they should be
put away in a cool dry place, placing
these carefully packed cases in tiers,
about hve cases high and aide
by side—so, 60 or 100 boxes may be
Btacked together. When the cases
are thus placed they should be covered
with old sacks, horse blankets, or other
ordinary covering, where they may be
permitted to remain for say 15 or 20
days unmolested. It may be well to
remark that dryness in curing lemona ia
quite as essential, if not more so, than
coolnees; for if tbe temperature is low
ered in any manner whatever
by contact with dampness, lemons will
rot before the chemical process of wilt
ing, yellowing and absorption begins.
The cases, after being packed, should be
placed say half an inch apart, bo as to
admit of the circulation of pure air,
not forgetting that a draft of air should
be avoided. After the fruit has remained
in the cases, piled and covered as indi
cated, for say 15 or 20 days, the grower
in the meantime looking into some of
the cases occasionally to ascertain what
progress it iB making in the way of cur
ing, the fruit should then be unwrapped,
unpacked and permitted to lie in the
open air, —carefully avoiding a draft, —
for an hour or two, when it should be
carefully re-wrapped with new tissue
paper and repacked into dry, clean cases
and again piled and covered as before,
and again permitted to remain in the
cases for 20, 30, 60 or 00 days before be
fore being placed upon the market.
It may be well to Bay that in the re
packing and recaeing if any of the lem
ons are found not to have any assimila
tion with the process of curing; if they
show no signs of discoloration; are
will W worthless J Bt6ck, 'and' a few' such,'
iv each box would condemn the whole
lot.
That uniformity in Bize is a very im
portant factor in establishing the grade,
and thereby tbe good name and market
value of lemons grown and placed upon
the market from Southern California,
and growers should look well to that
point.
Varieties are not so important as the
clipping, assorting and handling. Some
buyers prefer the Eureka, others the
Lisbon and others again the Villa
Franca; but all agree as to uniformity
in size, great care in clipping and abso
lute caution in handling the fruit, both
in removing it from the trf c, in placing
it in cases and with watchfulness in its
curing.
If these suggestions are carried out
we believe that California cured lemona
will command in the market as good
prices aB foreign grown stock. Very
many people in this part of the country
have not undertaken the cultivation of
lemons from the fact that they feared
they would fail in curing them —unless
they firet provided themselves with
double walled houses and cemented
cellars, which they deemed necessary
for the pnrpoae, and which they, many
of them, were unable to do.
We believe, from testß made, that while
double walls and double roofs would be
quite useful in the curing of lemons,
curing can be done without theße, care
in clipping and handling being more im
portant than anything else. It is true
double walls and roofs would tend to re
duce the temperature, but iB not of so
much importance as care in handling.
Sudden Death !
That Startuso News Heaeinq—The pub
lic is bDCoralas accustomed to the above head
ing, but nevertheless it always oonveyß a Bhook.
Bodduu death iv a vast majority of cases re
sult? from henrtdisiaso. manifested by any one
or several of tho following symptoms: , Bhor '
breath, palpitation, irregular pulse, wind in
the stomach, pain iv side, shoulucr or arm, un
der left shoulder blade, between shoulders or
in bowels, irregular or intermittent pulse, op
pressed reeling iv chest, choking sensation,
weak or hungry spells, difficult breathing,
Bwelliuj of feet or ankles, dropsy. Dr. Miles
New Heart euro speedily remedies all these.
Bold by ti. H. Hance. 177 N. Spring street, on
a guarantee, who will give you bis elegant
I>.>nkr. free ,
G\ Boils.
* BoilsaeeordingtoDr. King,
yfa yj> an eminent authority V are
generally connected with do
rangcmentsof tho liver and
While tlio olrlcr
- sarsnparlllas contain potaah
which aggravates eruptions, Joy's is peculiarly
n stomach and bowel corrective, and is the only
ona that is so. Its regulating Influences causa
boils to dry up and disappear almost Imme
diately. A caso in point.
■•I had bolls break out on my neck. Ono had
bursted. I took Joy's Vegetable Sarsaparilla and
in a few days the other boils had dried up. In tho
BTiring of 1890 I took ono of the other Sarßapa
rillas and the result was a mass of pimples,
llcnringthat Joy's was later and acted differently
I used it this year with the above satisfactory
results." j. Newman, Alameda, Cat
Formerly with tho "Altai California." 8. F.
Bobt. Walsh, with Wells Fargo A Co., and scorca
of other San Fjanciscans report tho Bamo ex>
nerlenee, It avoids tho uso of tho lance
Sfft|¥*s% Vegetable
Jill U Sarsaparilla
AB It is the only Sarsaparilla that purines the
Mood without tho ugly potash eruptions, Insist
on Joy's and don't bo talked Brro taking another.