The herald. [microfilm reel], February 12, 1893, Page 10, Image 12

About The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900

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10
their possession oi the valleys of the
Hudson and the Mohawk, held the
gates of the continent, and by subse
quent addition of tbe conquered Tusca
roras, became the Six Nations known to
oar history, and which represented the
highest type of the American Indian,
membeis of which powerful races in the
unbroken line oi deeoent abide in the
state of New York today. This Indian
exhibit will consist of a long row of
wigwams and stockades, such as were
nsed by tbe Iroquois nation. The bouses
will be occupied by Indian families
numbering about 30 persons. The con
struction and material of these dwell
ings and their surroundings will con
form ac closely as possible to the style
that prevailed in the fifteenth century.
The project to create an architectural
representation of old Vienna in Chicago
now seems to be complete, the repre
sentatives of the syndicate who will put
it up reporting that their arrangements
to that end have been completed. De
signs for old Vienna of 200 years ago
have been made. The design creates
the impression of a part of an ancient
city built up with great irregularity and
presents old gable-end houses with
frescoes and shields, and these open up
• perspective to small, narrow streets.
The council house, with outside stair
case and covered way, stretches along
the entire distance of the square, in the
middle of which stands an ancient well.
This must be seen to be really appre
ciated. UNO.
THE CITY'S FINANCES.
Th* Report Adopted Yesterday by the
Committee,
v The city council's finance committee
yesterday adopted the following report:
Recommend that the reports of the
city auditor showing the condition of
the funds for week ending January 23,
1893, and February 6, 1893; report of
water overseer on sales of water for the
month of January, 1893; and the report
of the city auditor on the water over
fleer's report for seven days in the
month of January, 1893, be filed.
Recommend that the demand of L. H.
Lyon for $25.35, J. M. Baldwin for $20,
W. A. E. Noble for $15, J. T. Brown for
$18, D. F. Donegan for $350, be denied.
Recommend that petition No. 60 from
'A. Mecartney for a rebate of taxes be
referred to the city attorney for his
opinion on the same.
In the matter of petition No. 75, from
Helen M. Durgen, asking that tax sale
certificate No. 49. to be found on page
,435, of volume 4 of tax sales, for the
-year 1887-88, be cancelled, the cltv as
sessor having reported to the committee
that the statements therein set forth
are correct, we recommend that said pe
tition be granted, and that the city clerk
%c ordered to mark said tax sale cer
tificate No. 49, for tbe year 1887-88, can
-celled and redeemed of record, the same
being a doable of assessment No. 1493,
nnknown owners.
• In the matter of petition No. 99, of
Maria Medran, asking that tax sale cer
tificate No. 2727, for the year 1871-92, be
ordered cancelled and redeemed of rec
ord, upon the ground that the property
therein described is) a doable assess
ment, the city assessor having reported
to the committee that the faeta therein*
■et forth are correct, we recommend
that the city clerk be instructed to mark
■aid tax sale certificate No. 2727, to be 1
found in volume 9 of tax sales, at page
809, cancelled and redeemed of record.
In the matter of petition No. 61 from 1
Max Harris, asking for the return to
him on account of tax sale certificate
No. 1890, for the year 1890-91, upon the
ground that the property therein de
scribed is doubly assessed,! and tho
taxes already paid as shown by assess
ment No. 119, the city assessor having
reported to this committee that the ;
statements therein contained are cor
rect, we recommend that said tax sale
certificate No. 1890 be marked cancelled
and redeemed of record, and that upon
the presentation of a proper demand up
on the tax fund of 1890-91 the sum of
$23.72 be returned to the petitioner.
La the matter of petition No. 817, from
N. P. Campbell, asking a return to him
on account of certain tax sale certifi
cates, which are alleged to be either er
roneous or double, the city assessor hav
ing reported to this committee that the
facts therein contained are correct, we
recommend that certificate No. 1110 for
the year 1880-91, certificate No. 191 for
the year 1898-90, certificate No. 443 for
the same year, certificate No. 1243 for
the year 1887-88, that certificate No. 743
for the year 1887-88, and certificate No.
746 for the year 1887-68 be marked can
celled and redeemed of record, and that
upon the presentation of proper demands
the following sums be returned to the
petitioner, to-wit: Certificate No. 1110,
tax fund of 1890-91, $1.01; certificate No.
191, tax fund of 1889-90, $5.63; certifi
cate No. 443, tax fund of 1889-90, $3.39;
certificate No. 1243, tax fund of 1887 -88,
$6.64; certificate No. 743, tax land of
1887-88, $2.52: certificate No. 746, tax
fond of 1898-88, $2.82.
CALIFORNIA BIRDS AND BOYS.
Dr. Channlng Discourses About Them in
a Boston Periodical.
The Popular Science News (Boston)
for February contains a letter from our
townsman, Dr. William F. Charming,
on Birds and Boys of California, sayß
the Pasadena Star. The letter was sent
to call attention to a communication re
cently published in the Star from the
pen of young Joe Grinnell, boh of Dr.
•nd Mrs. Fordyce Grinnell, on Audu
bon's Warbler. The Popular Science
News publishes the communication ver
batim, as well ac Dr. Channing's inter
esting letter, which contains some valu
able reflections concerning the birds,
fruits and seasons of Southern Califor
nia. The doctor concludes his letter ac
follows:
"I mast say a word about what per
haps is oar best product, the rieinggen
eratlon oi boys and girls, who I think
are the finest physical specimens oi
childhood and youth I have ever seen.
This ii due largely to the outdoor life
which we lead all the year round. Our
schools also are nearly equal in physical
training, as well as in other respects, to
those of New England."
A Great Blder Berry Bush.
' A novel exhibit has been furnished
the local world's fair commission by J.
W. Cooper, from bis Santa Rosa ranch.
It is a section of the trunk of an elder
berry stalk which measures 22 inches in
diameter. It is as firm and solid as or
dinary wood. There are other elder
■talks of still larger proportions than
this one, some measuring 26 to 30 inches
in diameter, but they are not suitable
for exhibits on account of being more
■oft and pithy. The section will be set
lip in the exhibit of this county, and
will be quite a curiosity.—[Santa Bar
bara Praia.
Miles' Nerve and Liver Pills.
Act on a new prlnolple—regulating the liver,
Stomach and bowels through the nerves. A
eew discovery. Dr. Miles* pills speedily cure
illonsness, bad tastes, torpid liver, piles, con
stipation. Unequalled for men, women and
children. Smallest, mildest, surest! 50 doses
280. Samples lice. O. H. Bane*, 177 North
spring.
LOS ANGELES HERALD; SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 12, 1893.
ABOUT THE NICARAGUA CANAL.
The Question of the Govern-
ment's Action.
Some of the Features of the Bill
Now Before the Senate.
It Is Proposed to Give tbe Control of
tbe Canal to tbe Federal Govern
ment—Some Estimates of the
Probable Business.
The following statement haa been pre
pared by the press committee appointed
by'the recent national convention in
New Orleans, which nnanimously de
manded tbe prompt construction and
government control of the Nicaragua
canal; this committee has for chairman
J. M. Eddy of Eureka, Cal., and J. W.
Faulks of Cedar Rapids, la., ia secre
tary:
It is conceded on all sides that the
Nicaragua canal is a commercial neces
sity to the people of the United States,
and tbat its construction and operation
will do more to enhance the commer
cial importance and increase tbe collec
tive wealth of the states of the union
than any measure now thought of. The
newspapers of the United States, to
whose effort more than to that of any
other agency is due the wide-spread dis
cussions of, and interest in, the project,
are agreed on these propositions. If
tbe canal ia not constructed by public or
private energy in the United States, it
will be done with the help of private or
pnblic capital in other financial markets
of the world. It does not need an ap
peal to American patriotism to make
manifest the desirability of its construc
tion by the people of the United States.
Upon the question whether the United
States government should have any di
rect relation to its construction, there
iB not entire unanimity. When, how
ever, all the facts are known, objection
to such participation is, we think, un
founded. These facts show that before
the New Orleans convention the senti
ment favorable to some sort of govern
ment intervention had taken but im
perfect form, and tbat tbia convention,
composed of representative men from
the various states, formulated the sug
gestion which haß since been expressed
in the amended bill recently reported to
tbe senate by the committeo on foreign
relations. The terms of this new
measure envelop the government's re
lation with such protection and safe
guards that whatever objection existed
to its participation in the project have
now been fully met.
Tbe new bill strips the present owners
of the canal of all but less than one
eighth of the ownership, and gives over
the control to the federal government.
Tbe men to whose efforts waa due the
inception of the undertaking are thus
rendered powerless and well-nigh voice
lees. In return for a guarantee only of
$100,000,000 or less of bonds, the United
States takes $80,500,000,0r percent,
of the canal company's stock, fully paid,
and the government appoints 10 of the
15 directors. These 10 directors are to
be non-partisan. Aa a consequence this
arrangement gives the government four
fifths of the canal company's entire as
sets. Unlike the guarantee of the Pacific
railroad bonds, in which the government
neglected to provide for its own appoint
ment of a majority of the directors, it at
all timeo uuutruiD tuu ~-t3-j» It is
not, for state reasons, the legal owner.
It is in effect, if not theoretically, there
fore, the owner of the canal, since the
latter's destinies are within its entire
keeping. If the interest which
it guarantees is not paid, it will
be tbe fault of its directors, and hence
its own neglect, since being the majority
of two-thirds of tbe canal company,
their duty is to vote the company's
money to meet tbe interest, and for
Buch other purposes as may be neces
sary. The delicate matter of a violation
of the Olayton-Bulwer treaty, the Nica
ragua treaty and the terms of the
Nicaragua and Costa Rica concessions,
are by this virtual control, without
ownership In legal form, avoided. The
government cannot own the canal, in a
legal sense. The treaties between this
country and Nicaragua and Costa Rica,
and tbe concessions made by those re
publics, require among other things that
the concessions be the property of a cor
poration. Iv this corporation Nicaragua
and Coßta Rica must be represented on
the directory by one director each. Any
foreign government may hold a majority
of the stock of the corporation or be
otherwise represented, but tbe conces
sion cannot pass from the corporation to
a foreign government. This seems to us
to dispose of several points which we see
raieed in our exchanges.
It is not properly understood that the
citizens of the United States, and es
pecially those of tbe couth and west,
whose proximity makeß tbem specially
interested, and not the canal company,
are pressing the matter of government
control. The latter occupies, so far as
we are able to judge, an independent po
sition. It has at no time directly or in
directly asked government aid. It is
doubtful Indeed whetherjthe terms of the
amended bill are of any advantage to it,
since if it were inclined to do so it could
doubtless find in the money markets of
Europe capital ready and willing to in
vest in an undertaking which is surer of
substantial returns than was the Suez
canal at its inception. The people of
the United StatOß, however, would re
gard aB little less than a crime any
movement looking to a denial to this
country of the opportunity to conatruct
and take the tremendous advantages of
an enterprise whose geographical posi
tion seems to entitle the United States
to its acquirement as of natural right.
We think tbe first promptings of patri
otism should restrain recourse to foreign
money centers, until it is at least found
impossible to awake the people of this
country to a realization of the full im
portance of securing to itself a high
way of such commercial and strategic
morotet,
The condition of government aid being
the virtual ownership of the canal, it is
therefore not a subsidy. It is not prob
able that one dollar will ever be spent
on the project by the United States.
The chance of loss by the government is
leduced to a most unlikely possibility.
To cause government any financial loss
the enterprise must fail. No one ap
preciating the full significance of tbe
unanimous and imperative demand
throughout the world for the canal can
seriously believe it will fail to pay when
completed. Any accomplishment of en
gineering science within a not excessive
cost, which will bring New York and
New Orleans 10,000 miles closer to San
Francisco and the South American
Pacific ports, would seem to justify al
most any reasonable government aid.
The passage of the bill now before con
gress to secure federal control of the
canal would give the United States the
advantage over its European competit
ors both in time and distance where it
is now at a disadvantage. (The United
states, Buffering as it does by palpable
disadvantages of time and distance over
its European competitors, no measure
can be devised which will bring to it the
benefits of this canal.) The coast wise
trade of the United States passing
through the canal is estimated at not
less than 9,000,000 tons annually. At $1
per ton, which is about half the toll of
the Suez canal, the revenue of, the
Nicaragua canal would be $9,000,000
from this source alone. The interest on
the bonds ia $3,000,000, and the cost of
maintenance and operation is estimated
at $1,000,000 annually. This leaves
$5 000,000 annually for a sinking fund
with which to pay off the bondß before
they come due. It is not likely that
there will be necessity for the issue of
all of the $100,000,000 of bonds. The
progress in applied mechanics has bo
cheapened the cost of borings, dredg
ing and excavations of late years that
while engineers unsuspected of bias have
definitely fixed the coat of the canal at
not to exceed $87,000,0000, there is very
good ground for believing that under
economical management, coupled with
the low rates of interest secured by fed
eral indorsement, the cost would be
nearer $50,000,000.
If the committee were aßked from
what source the greatest opposition to
the construction of the Nicaragua canal
proceeds, it would be obliged in truth to
say the railroad interests, which seem
to see in it a competition which
will decrease the cost of transconti
nental shipments and impair the size of
their dividends. No Btronger illustra
tion of the urgent necessity for the canal
can be found than in tbe fact that the
charges of the transcontinental rail
roads are so excessive tbat a Council
Bluffs, lowa, Bhioper found it cheaper
to Bhip goods destined for San Francisco,
to New York and thence by clipper
around Cape Horn, 17,000 miles to the
Golden Gate, rather than directly from
Council Bluffs to San Francisco by the
Pacific railroad.
Tbe fact that the railroade are said to
have a well-organized lobby at Washing
ton, to fight the canal bill, gains added
significance from this state of things,
which ought to arouse tbe dormant en
ergies of the commercial spirit of the
United Statea.
The failure oi tbe Panama canal and
its effects on the Nicaragua project are
viewed variously, but in our belief the
most reasonable view is that which sees
in the collapse an opportunity it were
wisdom to embrace. To draw compari
son between the French scandal and the
Nicaragua undertaking, is to lose sight
of the difference between the French
and American national character, if it
does not insult the integrity of the press
of the country, as memberß of which we
would be among the first to resent. The
French government gave no aid to the
Panama canal, except that it authorized
lotteries, and it is alleged to have sup
pressed an unfavorable report upon the
work made by one of its engineers. Had
it taken the precautions which the
United State congress outline in the case
of the Nicaragua canal, France would
have been saved its present dißgrace.
From the first the Panama scheme was
corrupt and its principal victims being
peasants of very moderate means, have
raised the not unreasonable presumption
that some, if not all, of its promoters
knew of its fraudulent character. Cer
tainly they were aware that skillful en
gineers of America, England and Ger
many pronounced the project utterly
impracticable lor a less expenditure
than a thousand million dollars. That
ing, in the light of the uee of enormous
sums of bribery and corruption. If it
had no other result than to incite the
United States government to extreme
caution in dealing with the Nicaragua
canal, the Panama leßeon would not be
loßt ou us.
The Panama route being now out of
the question, the Nicaragua canal, sev
eral hundred miles north of it, and
hence more desirable from this nation's
view, is demanded with an earnestness
that cannot be ignored. It ia the only
feasible way of obviating the long and
expensive journey around Cape Horn.
It will remove the great obßtacle now iv
the way of domination by the United
Statea of the trade of thia hemisphere.
It will open the porta of India, China
and Japan to commercial interchange
with thia country, which muat result in
immense pecuniary advantage to the
citizens of the United States. It will
stimulateinter-Btate exchange of prod
ucts between the Atlantic and Pacific
coaßt Btates, and will in every way tend
to put thia country on an equal looting
with England, which nobody doubta
would like nothing better than to her
self own and control tbe Nicaragua
canal, if that were possibe.
[Signed] Pbess Committee,
New Orleans Nicaragua Canal Conven
tion.
J. M. Eddy, Chairman,
Eureka, California.
I. W. Faulkes, Secretary,
Cedar Rapids, la,
The Snowball Battle.
Winter sport has now begnni
Snowball battlos arogUie fun;
Fast and thick the snow shot flyj
Both sides for the vict'ry try.
Tho besieged in snowy strife
Battle fiercely for dear lifo;
"Pis a most (rood natured fray,
Friend and foe are but in play.
When at last the battle's done.
What's tho odds which side kas won? ]
—Christian at Work. J
1 Victory I
i Tns Greatest the Wobld Has Knowk,—To
i many a man, stricken on tbe field ol battle, the
cry of victory has fallen gratefully; but even
more grateful to an individual Is a realizing
sense that by the use of Dr. Miles' Restorative
t Nervine he has achieved a victory over any
I nervous sHlioiion. such as prostration, Bick
headache, poor memory, dizziness, sleepless
-1 ness. neuralgia, hysteria, fits, dulloeis, sexual
i debility, Irritability, convulsions, spinal irrita
bility, at. Vitus dance, etc. Testimonials of
thousands of such cures are Inposseßslon of the
■ Dr. Miles Medical Co., Elkhart. Ind. Kestora
- tlve Nervine is 'old by C. H. Hance, the popu
, lar druggist, 177 K. Soring strest, on a guaran
tee. Ask for a book, free.
Wall paper, 237 S. Spring. Samples sent.
THE GOSPEL OF THE OLIVE.
Points Abont the Cnltnre of
the Poor Man's Tree.
California Equal, if not Superior to,
Italy for Olive Culture.
The Trees Ban Be Grown on Cheap Land
Without Irrigation—Their Produc
tiveness—Larg-e Returns Can
Be Belled Upon.
The following paper on olive culture,
by John 8. Calkins, of Pomona, Cal.,
was read at the meeting of the Southern
California Farmers' institute, held at
Rivera February 7th and Bth, 1893:
There are so few bearing olive orch
ards in California to eerve as object les
sons, that even fruit growers do not
know much about the profits of olive
culture. In view of this, it might be
well to consider the behavior of olive
trees under what is generally supposed
to be unfavorable conditions. I will
allude to several cases: Mr. Henry H.
Wheeler, a neighbor of mine, and a
very reliable gentleman, writes to the
Pomona Progress that he has about 400
Mission olive trees, 5 and 6 years old,
planted 22 feet apart, occupying less
than four and one-half acres; they bore
this season 7638 pounds, which he sold
at 5 cents per pound (less than 25 cents
per gallon), which amounted to $381.90,
or about $86 per acre. If he had made
the olives into pickles himself, as grow
ers here generally do, his returns at
wholesale prices would have been about
$344 per acre. The crop will increase
from year to year until the trees are
about 30 years of age, and continue in
fruitage for more than 100 years. These
treeß have not been irrigated since they
were set out, and the fruit has never
shriveled before It was gath
ered. A mile or more from Mr.
Wheeler's orchard, well up the
mountain side, there is an abandoned
place on which there are a number of 4
year-old olive trees growing without
cultivation or irrigation; this year they
bore fruit which ripened without shriv
eling ; the soil is a stiff clay, and was so
dry and hard -at the time the ripe fruit
was on the trees that scarcely any im
pression could be made upon it with a
shovel. Several miles east of this place,
near tbe mountains, is an olive tree
which tbe owner told me had not been
irrigated since he had owned it (some 11
years), but that every year it had borne
a good crop of fruit.
"Six years ago (says the Auburn Her
ald) William Shillingsburg purchased
an 80-acre tract of about the poorest
land in the neighborhood, on one of the
highest and dryest hill-tope near New
castle, Placer county; he pulled up
stumps, grubbed out brush, quarried
rocks, reclaimed all mined-out land and
filled up mining cuts; he has now, upon
what was regarded the worst part of the
80, a bearing olive orchard which
yielded this season 5000 gallons of olives;
it is looated high above his irrigating
ditch on red granite land, which looks
bo parched and burnt as almost to cause
one to believe that his Satanic majesty
had for generations past used it for a
&ridlron. No water other than the rain
as ever touched the land, and the
owner says he would run a man off with
a gun if he found him fooling around
b 'B J.rtiO-'.WAOi MaAajulX-. „ — — n
of olive trees bearing well without irri- I
gaticin. There are 50 olive trees along a
roadside near Glendale, in this county,
which averaged 288 pounds of olives to
the tree this season; a fruit firm bought
them at 3' 2 cents per pound and made
them into pickles. The owner received
lobb than 20 cents per gallon, but even
at this low price his returns from each
tree amounted to $10 08. If he had made
the crop into pickles himself and sold at
market rates, he would have received at
least $40 per tree. I am not informed
how old the trees are, or whether
they have been irrigated. There are
many thousands of acres of land through
out California that are as well adapted
to olive growing without irrigation as
Mr. Wheeler's, which may be bought at
$10 to $25 per acre. When it is seen
what generous returns the olive yields
on these cheap lands we may forecast
how important the olive industry is des
tined to become.
Tbe outlook for a ready and profitable
market for the product is most encourag
ing, while our other fruits, in the main,
must Beck a market in tbe east, where
they come into competition with fruits
raised there and elsewhere. We have
for the olive a home market almost
wholly unsupplied, except by the in
ferior green pickled olives and spurious
oil imported into the state from Europe
in large quantities. Our pickled olives
are becoming very popular, and the in
creasing demand for them is unmis
takable. Tbere can be no doubt that as
soon as we have the goods in sufficient
quantity they will displace the inferior
oil and pickles imported here, not only
in the markets of our own state, but in
those of the entire country, and it may
be confidently asserted tbat when our
pure oil can be put upon the European
markets side by side with the cotton
seed mixture that now prevails there,
that it will win and hold a permanent
place even in those markets.
The olive is eminently the poor man's
tree; he can grow the fruit on cheap
land and can make tbe oil and pickles
at home by simple and cheap means, as
has been done by many persons for
years paat, the art being no more diffi
cult to learn then the making of butter
and cheese. If he prefers to sell his
fruit from the tree there are already
competing buyers, and their number
will increase as the product increasee.
As to varieties, the Mission is best
known and has produced nearly all the
oil and pickles of the state up to this
time; but within a few years many new
varieties have been imported from Eu
rope. I have in my nurseries nearly
60 varieties. A number of them are in
bearing in different parts of tbe state
and are highly esteemed. Upon this
point I will present the views of Mr. K.
McLennan, foreman of the State Exper
iment station at Pomona. He is a thor
ough horticulturist and was for many
years connected with the experiment
station at Berkeley, Cal., where he had
special opportunities for studying the
different varieties of olives; his opin
ion, therefore, on the subject, is of
value. In a recently published let
ter he Baid: "Over a year ago
Professor 'Hilgard (director of the ex
periment station of the University of
California) made analysis oi 12 varieties
of olives from Fresno, Santa Clara and
Alameda comities, the same varieties
being taken from each place; in each in
stance theNevadillo bianco was superior
to all others tested in both quality and
' quantity of oil; also in fruitage; the
Mission came in for a good second, with
Rubra and Pendulina following in the
order named. At the same time and in
the same tests the Manssanillo was found
to be the best for pickling. Theae tests
showed that tbe olives grown in the ir
rigated districts of Fresno contained
more water, less oil, and were inferior to
those same sorts raised in other local
ities without irrigation. It is safe to
aay that the nevadillo ia a cure variety
to plant for oil, as it ia a Btrong and vig
orouß grower as well ao being adapted to
more localities and kinds of soil than
any of the other varietiea tested ; it alao
resists the attacks of the black scale
better than any of the others.
For pickling, the Manzanillo is the
beßt on account of its tine flavor, large
size, and being a free stone: it is an
early and heavy bearer, and gives pro
mise of making a very good oil."
In 1800 this country imported 803,984
gallons of alleged olive oil. In 1881 Cal
ifornia produced 11,420 gallons of pure
olive oil ; the annual output of Italian
oil is valued at $120,000,000, which is
more than the value of all the wheat ex
ports of the United States for 1891.
California has proved herself equal, if
not superior, to Italy as an olive grow
ing region. What, then, is to prevent
her from reaping, in the near future, a
portion of the rich rewards of olive cul
ture enjoyed by that favored country?
Fertilizers for Orchards.
Tho annual application of fertilizars to
many of the beat oranpe groves in Po
mona valley haa become necessary. It
has been necessary in the older grovea
in Riverside for .seven or eight years,
and the orange growers now who do not
fertilize and who are not familiar with
the principles of renewing tho soil are
not going to keep up with the procession
of progressive orchardists. The need of
fertilizers is not always evident in the
younger stages of citrus-trees growth,
but the heavy tax which prolific bear
ing brings upon the tree has demon
strated its advisability. All sorts of fer
tilizers have been experimented with,
and all with benefit.
The moat generally approved ie good
sheep manure from the corrals, but the
Bupply is nearly exhausted, and in
creased coßt deters from its general use.
The stableß are drawn upon for a supply,
and the effect ia good, especially when
it can be applied early and turned Under,
so tbat it can rot from the effect of the
winter rains. Put it in early and thick
ly, get the benefit of the rains, even if
it cannot at once be plowed under. If
the rains fall gently, much of the best
of it is absorbed in the soil and will rot
sufficiently before the weeds of spring
come, ao that the cultivator may be
worked through it. It ia not deßirable
to plow too frequently, as the constant
cutting of tbe fibrous roota in tbe warm
surface soil will often prevent heavy
fruiting for a aeason.
Artificial fertilizers have been quite
generally used during the laat few yeara,
and with the result in moat casea of in
ducing a better ;?rowth and deepening
the color of the foliage, and causing the
trees to grow more regularly. Do not,
however, let orcharda wait too long for
manure, but give it to them before they
manifeat a need of it in light-colored
leaves and atunted growth. It is alwaya
the grovea that have been most gener
ously manured and cared for that give
their owncra the handaomeat and most
regular net returna.--[ Pomona Progress.
The Citron of Commerce.
Our people are not giving sufficient at
tention to the citron of commerce. Good
varieties are now being introduced into
California, and orchards on a small scale
are being planted. The treeß begin to
a prontaoie one. a unu iv j_,ur .au
las pays a good price for all tbe good
citrons it can buy, and the prepared
fruit put up by that firm sella at a
higher price than is paid for the import
ed article. Thus far the crop haa sold at
about 40 cents a pound for tho prepared
fruit. There ought to be more money
in citrons at theße figures than there is
in either oranges or lemona. The tree is
tender and cannot stand much cold, but
it will flourish in such places KB Kialto.
—[Orange Belt.
An Old Lemon Tree's Second Youth.
The strange caee of a tree's discon
tent, or eccentric and sudden change ot
business, has just come to the notice of
the Ojai. Twenty years ago Mr. Joseph
Hobart, who has a thrifty fruit ranch in
the Upper valley, among other stock
purchased a lemon tree of Mr. Dana B,
Clark, then a well-known Montecito
nurseryman. The tree grew and bora
fruit according to contract, but being in
an unfavorable situation has been con
siderably set back by irost. The main
tree was cut away and young sprouts
grew up some 15 feet and continued the
lemon-producing business. Mow the
marvel is that the newest sproutß from
the old lemon tree aro this year bearing
a good-sized crop oi navel oranges! The
original lemon was probably grafted
upon orange stock, and there may be
nothing wonderful in nature allowing
the germ of the orange to lie dormant
for 20 years and then suddenly develop;
but how is it that the tree is growing
navel oranges when, if our information
is correct, that particular kind of or
ange was introduced leas than 20
years ago ?
Mr. Hobart haa cut away the lemon
producing branchea, and now proposes
to have an orange tree ior a while.
Store X.!{fht on It.
The conversation had drifted to the
"Where am I att" episode.
"Naow, d'ye knaow," said tho English
man, slightly perplexed, "that sounda
quite odd to us. We should say, 'Where
is my 'at?' "—Chicago Tribune.
For Onco in Ills Life.
First Disputant—Then I'm a liar?
Second Ditto—On the contrary, my dear
fellow, you have just spoken the truth.—
Tit-Bits.
Badly Off.
"And what did the doctor say was really
the matter with you?"
"Well, miss, his very words was, 'You're
a-suflerin from a guitar iv the stomach,
with a great want of tone,' "—Judy.
ADVICE ABOUT LEMON CULTURE.
Up-to-Date Points About the
Way to Succeed.
How to Gather, Cure and Pack. the
Fruit.
The Way to Pick and Select the Lemon.
The (luring; Process—Variety No*
So Important as the Man
ner of Handling,
[BY I. R. TIIRRLKBLD.]
As the acreage being set to lemons is
steadily increasing a few general hints
upon the subject of curing lemona may
be of uae to the amateur lemon grower.
Gathering the fruit ia the first step in
the process of curing. Care should be
taken to remove the fruit from the tree
as soon as it is large enough without
reference as to ita greenneaa, or rather
its ripeneae. The fruit should be
clipped—not pulled off —as it reaches
proper size—about the size that will
pass through a three-inch ring may be
called the proper size. Care should be
taken to clip the fruit at a uniform size
and to handle it with caution to prevent
bruising. After gathering, lemons
should be placed in boxes, about
the size of an ordinary apple box, and
set in a cool dry place, there to remain
aay. two or three days, when it should
be carefully removed from the boxes
and wrapped in tissue paper and care
fully packed in lemon boxes (such aa
are used for shipping lemona and or
anges). Caro should be taken not to
pack too closely or to pack the boxes too
full. When they are carefully wrapped
and packed ia the canes they should be
put away in a cool dry place, placing
these carefully packed cases in tiers,
about five cases high and side
by side—so, 60 or 100 boxea may be
stacked together. When the casea
are thus placed they should be covered
with old sacks, horse blankets, or other
ordinary covering, where they may be
permitted to remain for say 15 or 20
days unmoleated. It may be well to
remark that dryneae in curing lemons ia
quite as essential, if not more so, than
coolness; for if tbe temperature is low
ered in any manner whatever
by contact with dampness, lemons will
rot before the chemical process of wilt
ing, yellowing and absorption begins.
The cases, after being packed, should be
placed say halt an inch apart, so as to
admit of the circulation of pure air,
not forgetting that a draft of air should
be avoided. After the iruit has remained
in the cases, piled and covered as indi
cated, for say 15 or 20 days, the grower
in the meantime looking into some of
tbe cases occasionally to ascertain what
progress it iB making in the way of cur
ing, the fruit Bhouldthen be unwrapped,
unpacked and permitted to lie in the
open air, —carefully avoiding a draft, —
for an hour or two, when it should be
carefully re-wrapped with new tissue
paper and repacked into dry, clean cases
and again piled and covered as before,
and again permitted to remain in the
casea for 20, 30, 60 or 00 days before be
fore being placed upon the market.
It may be well to say that in the re
packing and recaaing if any of the lem
ona are found not to have any assimila
tion with the process of curing; if they
show no signs of discoloration; are
will worthless "stock,'and'a lew'such'
in each box would condemn the whole
lot.
That uniformity in size is a very im
portant factor in establishing the grade,
and thereby the good name and market
value of lemona grown and placed upon
the market from Southern Califo.nia,
and growers should look well to that
point.
Varieties are not so important as the
clipping, assorting and handling. Some
buyers prefer the Eureka, others the
Lisbon and others again the Villa
Franca; but all agree as to uniformity
in size, great care in clipping and abso
lute caution in handling the fruit, both
in removing it irom the trf c, in placing
it in cases and with watchfulness in its
curing.
Ii theae suggestions are carried out
we believe that California cured lemons
will command in the market as good
prices aB foreign grown stock. Very
many people in thia part of the country
have not undertaken the cultivation of
lemonß from the fact tbat they feared
they would fail in curing them —unless
they first provided themselves with
double walled houses and cemented
cellars, which they deemed necessary
for the pnrpoae, and which they, many
of them, were unable to do.
We believe, from teata made, that while
double wails and double roofs would be
quite useful in the curing of lemons,
curing can be done without theae, care
in clipping and handling being more im
portant than anything else. It is true
double walls and roois would tend to re
duce the temperature, but is not of so
much importance as care in handling.
Sudden Death !
That Stahtlinu News Hkaiinq—The pub
lic is bocominu accustomed to the above head
ing, but nevertheless 11 always cODveys a shook-.
Boildeu death iv a vast majority ot cases re
sults from heartilisiase. manifested oy any one
or ■.overalof tho following symptoms: Short
breath, palpitation, irregular pulse, wind In
the stomach, pain lv side, shoulaer or arm, un
der left shoulaer blade, between shoulders or
in bowels, irregular or intermittent pulse, op
pressed feeling iv chest, choking sensation,
weak or hungry spells, dimeUt breath ig,
swellinj of feet or ankles, dropsy. Dr. Miles
New Heart euro speedily remedies all these.
Sold by 11. H. Hance. 177 N. Spring street, on
a guarantee, who will give you his elegant
hook, free .
gh Boils.
\ BollflaccordlngtoDr.King,
y'ft..J~-& ~pj> an eminent authority " ara
generally connected with do*
' N ~<,> raogemcntsof tho liver and
'r. :. While tho older
JsIsSBmKS'SS'" Barsnparillas contain potash
which aggravates eruptions, Joy's is peculiarly
n stomach and bowel corroctive, and is the only
ono that is so. Its regulating influences causa
boils to dry up and disappear almost Imme
diately. A case in point.
"I had bolls break out on my neck. Ono had
burstcd. I took Joy's Vegetable Sarsaparilla and
in a few days the other Soils had drf«i up. In tho
spring of 1890 I took ono of the other Sarsapa
rillos and tho result was a masß ol pimplos.
llearlngthat Joy'swos lator and acted differently
I used It this year with the above satißfactorjr
results." j, Nkwmas, Alameda, Cal
Formerly with tho "Altn California." S. F.
Eobt. Walsh, with Wells Fargo & Co., and score*
of other Sun Fjauciscans report tho same ci«
perieuce. It avoids tho uso of tho lance
JflW ? ® Vegetable
1J 1
As it is the only Sarsaparilla that pnrifles the
blood without tho ugly potash eruptions, insist
sn Joy's and don't bo talked Jfrfo taking another.