The herald. [microfilm reel], March 09, 1898, Image 1

About The herald. [microfilm reel] (Los Angeles [Calif.]) 1893-1900

Image provided by: University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA

                
Single Sheet
TWENTY-FIFTH YEAR. NO. i6O.
AMUSEMENTS
j[os Angeles Theater " g* S^ttR Trea,urer -
BLD TON J QnT ANn REMAINDER OF WEEK-MAIINEE
COON COMEDY, COON BONGS, | OPERATIC MASTERPIECES end
JUBILEE BHOUTS, CAKE WALKS. «Oy_. i. tj>„ tti
BUCK DANCERS, VAUDEVILLE V . moV? L-i ™Vi '•>'
Everybody ihould bring their shouting voloe. for It will be required during THE CAKE WALK.
A HOT SHOW-Seati now on tale-Prlcea, SLOO, 76c, 60c, 26c. Tel. Main TO.—THE GREATEST
NEXT AT IRACTION—THRKI NIGHTS, BEGINNING MONDAY, MARCH 14
JACOB LITTS SPLENDID PKODUCTION
Tffarie llfainwrighl —Sn Sha/t TO9 Jorgioo Jfar
Peats on Hale Thursday, March 10 Prices. 26c, 60c, 7Bc, »1 00 Telephone Main Wj
Los Angeles' Society Vaudeville Theater
The talk of the town, the GREAT GAUTIBR, the most marvelouß Equestrian Aot ever fcen
in America ; KILSON and EKKOL, America's representative Society Sketch Artists. Introducing
their new and dainty comedietta, A Tip on the Derby; GKO. W. DAY, Monolngist Artist;
supremo CAHL DAM MAN; Troupe Marvelous Acrobats; MATTHEWS and HARRIS. Kin de
Biecle Laugh Provokers; TheNAWNS and BHOS. GLOSS. PRICES NEVER CHANGING—Even
ing Reserved Seats, 26a and 60c: Gallery, 100. Regular Matinees Wedne«day, Saturday and
Sunday Telephone Main 1447
gurbank Theater JOHN 0 FISHEK Man " ef
Week Beginning Monday, gfoforf Company
To7s? 7 ' thl ' Xost Paradise
«fi?*£? Van Rights in a SSar Xoom
Prises. I.lc. OTc, ste. 6»c Matinee '"c . ?<Y. Phen» Main I' 7»
J^| b E. Tabernacle—Pasadena
FRIDAY EVENING, MA It (II 11th
For the benefit of the Ladles' Aid Society of the United Presbyterian Church
GRAND CONCERT and CANTATA of the (f^ oU „t a/n tfympJts"
Under the Direction of MRS. SI. E. DIMOND
Tickets on sale at Ulam-ock & Vroinau'. Stationery store and Pasadena M nlf Co.
Ticket* age - - - - - - - - Oh'ldreii lfir,
California Limited r '""
m. o rr Puns
Via Oanta +¥c Snoute \
Leaves Los Angeles...B:oo a.m. Sunday, Tuesday and Friday $ Other
Leaves Pasadena 8:25 a.m. Sunday, Tuesday and Friday
Arrive Kansas City 6:10 p.m. Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday 5 %)au
Arrive St. Louis 7:00 a.m. Wednesday; Friday and Monday § ™
Arrive Chicago 9:43 a.m. Wednesday, Friday and Monday \,^„„„„„„„„„„„„
This splendid train Is for first class travel only, but there is no extra charge beyond the regular
ticket and sleeping car rato. Dining cars serve breakfast leaving Loa Angeles. Veatlbuled and
electric lighted. Alt the luxuries of modern travel.
+7fite~ Shaped TJrack, . ♦
DONE IN A DAY
ON THE TUESDAY AND SATURDAY SPECIALS
In addition to the regular train rervice the Santa Fe runs on every Tuesday a special express
I rata, taking in Redlands. Htverside and the beauties of Santa Ana Canyon. Leaves Los Angeles
at fa. m; leaves Fasatleca at v.r> a. m. Returning arrives at Los Angeles at ii:J5 p.m., Pasadena
t :6b p in , giving two hours stop at both Kedlauds and Riverside.
97. /), .. /» ON THIS TRAIN AFFORDS PLEASANT
ijfio uosarvat/on l/ar OPPORTUNITY FOR SEEING THE SIGHTS
San 'Diego and Coronado !/ieach
THh MOST BEAUTIFUL SPOT IN THE WORLD
Tiro dally trains, rnrrylng parlor cam, make the run In about four hours from L>s Angeles,
and on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday nlghle the Coronado Special will run. The ride Is
carrying you for stivouty miles along tho Pacific Ocean beach.
Smita Fe froute Office, 200 Spring St., corner Second.
j§anta Cata.lna —"A Magic Island "*
IK liours ijom Los Angcle<. t'al. NEW STEAMER "FALCON" now on. A WINTER RESORT
tiiieqitaled in America: Charming Climate; Wonderlul Natural Attractions; Famous Fishing
iiud Wild Goat Snooting I'liK GREAT MOUNTAIN STAGS ROAD Delightful Coast Ex
cursions; <jla-« Bottom Boats revealing the wonders of the ocean's depths HOTEL METRO
POLK, remodeled and enlarged Round trip dally, except Sunday, .-co Southern Pacific and
'Jermiiiul lUbwav nine ,ab >•<. Full Information mid illustrated pamphlet" from
IIASMNC CO., 221 3. Spring St., Los Angeles,
(t. H Humphreys' Cfltalina Island Carrier Pigeon Service in daily operation to Los Angeles,
Ostrich Farm . . South Pasadena . .
**f NEARLY 100 GIGANTIC BIRDS OF ALL AOF.d.
Open (lallv to visitors Tips, Plumes, Boas and Capes for sale direct from the producer.
ll.—We bare no agency in Lok Angeles, and have lor sale the only genuine California feath
ir<■ ti the market The room mu'rourlato nreient to .ptifj east.
auinral KtialnaSul A new aud eleguntiy-luriiislieit lamily and tourist hotel;
Bp! Jit; J OrtltJsat U first-class, but moderate rates; 150 rooms. 76 with bath: all
* modern n nveniehcesi Ametioan and European plan; now open; opposite postoffice, Main
un ci. I .OS Angeles. I** v: H(I-"KR. Prnrrleior
WILL PLEAD GUILTY
Belew's Only Hope of Escaping the
Gallows
3UISUN, Cal.. March S.—Frank Belew
this afternoon had his first Interview with
his wife since his arrest for the murder of
his brother nnd sister. The object of Mrs.
Btlew's visit was to induce her husband
to dispose of his share of the estate of his
victims for the maintenance of his chil
dren. No satisfactory arrangement was
effected.
Mrs. Belew was accompanied to the Jail
by the wife of Photographer Bird, the
principal witness against Belew. It Is said
that Mrs. eßlew believes that her husband
Is guilty and does not condone his crime.
During their interview Belew frequently
spoke in harsh language of Bird, who, he
HE WILL LEAD THE NAVAL FORCES
wJLi.! In. Ji 1 5 w * r w , lth flpaJn "to Probable that Commodore Frederick V.
r.u .?..V. il.. J '' i? n * v *' opera""™ by being placed In command of the North
cnm st/w",V f'f 1 Matthews will be retired in a few days, and
? .. W « I J C ?? ,r 10 < "T ect ". ne for the Promotion. Commodore McNalr is
».r^Lf\„n fl^ h . e L ,^, n M V^. warfa J'^ and n, » *>™™ry has won him great ex-
a A«« ,,oa^?, -. M born ,h and entered
L. ih! f-hin. a . po1 " 1 if 51 ' ?*• m » dß midshipman In 1860. He served
» the China squadron and was ordered home when the war broke out As mid.
ahlpmen he was with Fsrratrut at New Orleans. In MBl he was made lieutan
vlckrturi. tacame^u I tenant!
«U«£a?uU H * t d, k « M " ou » MUslialppl work he was
said, had betrayed him. He wished to con
verse In private with his wife, but Under
Sheriff Robinson refused the request. It
was learned tonight that Bclew is likely to
plead guilty if assured he can get off with
life Imprisonment.
A Steamer Safe
SEATTLE, Wash., March B.—All doubts
ns to the safety of the overdue schooner
Bessie K. were removed today by the ar
rival of the sidewheel steamer North Pa
cific from Alaska. Captan Carter reports
that he passed the Bessie K. March 3, at
the entrance of Lynn canal, headed for
Skaguay. She was in no trouble.
At the Flannelly murder trial at San
Jose the taking of testimony was conclud
ed yesterday. Argument before the Jury
will commence today.
THE HERALD
GOOD RESULTS
Seem to Follow the Action
of Congress
SITUATION IMPROVES
IN OPINION OF THOSE BESI
ABLE TO JUDGE
SPAIN'S PEACEFUL PURPOSE
Grows Much Stronger as the Capabil
ities and Temper of America Are
Better Understood
Associated Press Special Wire
WASHINGTON, March B—ln spite of
numerous conferences of officials, of the
continuation of the preparations now In
progress on a large scale to put the
country In a state of defense, of the out
burst of patriotic sentiment in congress,
there was a certain feeling apparent In
the best Informed circles that the situa
tion as to our relations with Spain was
today much more favorable than it was
yesterday. Perhaps the semi-official
advices received through the Associated
Press from Madrid, indicating a peace
ful purpose on the part of the Spanish
government, contributed In large meas
ure to that feeling, or it may have been
that the growing knowledge of the vast
extent of our own resources tended to
the belief that they would Impress others
with the futility of attacking the United
States. However that may be, the feel
ing prevailed, and at the White House,
too, after the cabinet meeting, wherein
all of the facts that were known to the
president as to the existing state of af
fairs were laid unreservedly before the
cabinet members and discussed.
BROWNSON'S BUSINESS
While Captain Brownson Is going
abroad for the government to learn of
the ships of war that are for sale and
their conditions, he will not necessarily
make any purchases. The officer left
Washington tonight and will take the
steamer to Southampton, sailing from
New York. He will report his arrival
immediately at the United States em
bassy In London, but further than that
the captain declines to Indicate the
places he will visit In Europe. He has
been furnished all the Information In the
possession of the navy department
respecting the shipping In course of con
struction In Europe, and had a talk to
day with Mr. Lane, who Is said to have
some of these ships for sale, though
he does not at present have the right In
the case of the two small Brazilian bat
tleships now building at La Seine,
France. As to these, or indeed any Bra
zilian or Chilean warships, it has been
discovered that Brazil and Chile are
parties to a treaty, by the terms of
which neither country can sell any of Its
warships unless the other also sells a
ship. The reason for this peculiar pro
vision is to be found in the alliances, but
Is reported to have been entered Into by
these two countries for mutual protec
tion against Argentina and other South
American nations. Captain Brownson
does not expect to .stay abroad long,
and goes only on condition that he may
return immediately in case of an open
rupture. As to the right to buy foreign
warships, all authorities agree that such
purchases may be made, even after hos
tilities have begun If the neutral nation
exercises strict impartiality between the
belligerents and the ships are not armed
and outfitted ready for service. The
trade of shipbuilding is recognized as a
legitimate one, which may be carried on
at all times.
ARMY AND NAVY
A good deal Is being accomplished In the
way of preparation In both the navy and
war departments. The conference at the
navy department today looked into the
procurement of a suitable store of am
munition, coal and supplies, touched on
the question of dry docks, and generally
considered a number of other matters con
nected with the operations of warships.
The war department was not behind the
navy. Gen. Flagler, chief of ordnance,
Is very busy, reaching out In every direc
tion, by means of the telegraph and the
mall, to learn just how far the resources
of the big private manufacturing concerns
can be relied on to come to the aid of the
war department in arming and equipping
a volunteer army, should one be found
necessary. He will not tell what he Is do
ing in this direction, holding It Is not wise
to make everybody acquainted with either
our weak or our strong points. Major
Gen. Miles is looking after the personnel
closely, and today was trying hard to per
fect the organization of two new regiments
of artillery which congress has granted.
The officers must be named to congress,
and the commissions are only waiting on
the forms. Meanwhile, beyond the state
ment that the two senior lieutenant
colonels of the existing artillery regiments
will be made colonels of the twojiew regi
ments, the names of the officers are with
held.
THE MAINE DISASTER
Three weeks ago tonight the Maine was
blown up. As it was last week at this
time, so it Is now—nothing is known offi
cially as to the cause of the disaster. The
court is hard at work, but that is all that
Is known at the navy department. It Is
not known when it may be expected to fin
ish Its work. But the importance of this
report does not diminish In the slightest
degree by the lapse of time, and In the
midst of diversions caused by more re
cent happenings the more thoughtful offi
cials have not lost sight of the fact that
when the report of the court of Inquiry
comes to the navy department, in the
hands of some trusty naval officer, prob
ably Lieut. Commander Marlx, Judge ad
vocate of the court of Inquiry,, they may be
face to face with another and vital Issue.
SPANISH DIPLOMATS
Senor dv Bosc called at the state depart
ment late in the day and had half an
hour's conference with Judge Day. He
brought no dispatches, and the talk di
not relate to the present strained condl
tlon of affairs, but was rather an lnforma
discussion of the condition of affairs In
Cuba. In the course of the visit It Is un
derstood that Mr, dv Bosc suggested tha
some of the newspapers' correspondents a
Havana were trespassing on the privileges
which the Havana authorities had ac
corded them.
The new Spanish minister, Senor Ber
nabe, will arrive In New York on « Ger
man line steadier tomorrow. He Is ex-
LOS ANGELES, WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 9, JB9B
MILLIONS FOR DEFENSE
And the Situation Is Now Clearing^Spain
Not Seeking Trouble
Prompt and Energetic Preparation for War Proves the Most Efficient
Means of Showing the World That These United States
Form a Good Country With Which
to Avoid a War
NEW YORK, March 9.—A cablegram just received from Minister Woodford has been laid before the cabi
net by the president, says the World's Washington correspondent. It declares that Spain has exhausted every
means of raißlng money for the prosecution of a war without success. All the financial centers of Europe have
rejected her overtures. General Woodford pronounces it an utter impossibility for Spain to secure funds with
which to engage In hostilities against the United States.
In reference to the political condition which Impelled the ministry to suggest the recall of General Lee, Min
ister Woodford said that Sagasta was friendly to the United States and would make every possible concession to
preserve peace. The future danger, said General Woodford, lies with the people. With a hostile majority now In
the cortes, and the probability that this will be continued at the forthcoming elections the overthrow of the Sa
gasta ministry Is not unlikely. Thesucceedlng ministry would be pledged to war In order to avoid revolution.
If the Sagasta ministry retains power, General Woodford believes that Spain would endure humiliation rather
than declare war against the United States.
A dispatch to the World from Madrid says: "The whole Madrid press comments gloomily on Spanish
financiers' scare. Many, Including the friends of the cabinet attribute less to unfavorable rumors as to the re
lations of Spain with the United States than to the efforts of native and foreign speculators, who are ever on
the alert to take advantage of any circumstances to depress Spanish securities.
"The tone of most of the papers Is, however, pessimistic, as even so ministerial an organ as El Liberal con
cludes a long article on the situation as follows:
" 'Undoubtedly our relations with the United States have been adjusted for the time being according to
the strict dictates of prudence, but does the government really believe that this nation will be able, without
suffering irreparable damage, to beat for even a few months this anxious Indecision, this enervating uncertainty?'
"General Blanco, who was consulted by the government, has telegraphed that the conduct of Consul Gen
eral Lee has been steadily irreproachable."
Bernabe left Madrid before the recent crit
ical Juncture was reached, and at the time
of his departure the new commercial treat
ies were uppermost in the Interest of the
Madrid authorities. The new minister
speaks English fluently, having been in
this country for several years. He Is mar
ried, his wife being the daughter of one of
the most influential men of Spain.
A MAINE CONCERT
Occasions a Notable Display of Pa
triotism
WASHINGTON, March B.—The audience
which crowded the National theater at
the woman's concert given this afternoon
COAL FOR CRUISERS
PHILADELPHIA, Mar.
B.—The tug Samoset has
been ordered to start for
Key West on Tuesday next.
The Samoset will tow to Key
West a barge loaded with
one thousand tons of coal.
The United States Pro
jectile company of Brooklyn
received an order from
headquarters at Washing
ton this afternoon for the
Immediate delivery of
8275,000 worth of armor
piercing projectiles.
for the benefit of the families of the men
who lost their Uvea in the Maine disaster
was In every way the most notable body
ever assembled in a Washington theater.'
The president and Mrs. McKlnley occu
pied seats of the box of the secretary of the
navy and Mrs. Long, and among the Im
mense audlenoe were the secretary of state
and Mrs. Sherman, the postmaster general
and Mrs. Cary, the family of the secretary
of war, Mrs. Gage, the attorney general
and Mra.Grlggs, Assistant Secretary ot
the Nary Hal* and
MUZZLED, BUT READY
ors from the navy yard, who filled one en
tire row of reserved seats In the gallery.
The concert was under the direction of
the Relief association, which is headed
by Mrs. Long, wife of the secretary.
The long program closed with the "Star
Spangled Banner," the audience Joining In
the chorus. I
Twenty officers of the army, navy and
marine corps, each In full uniform, acted
aa ushers, while prominent young women
of the navy and army families sold pro
grams and American flags which were
waved vigorously by the eager prchasers
during the singing of "The Star Spangled
Banner." A large crowd collected in front
of the theater Just before the close of the
performance and pressed forward to wait
the appearance of the president. The pres
ident's appearance at the door with Mrs.
McKlnley on his arm was the signal of an
outburst of cheering, waving of flags and
handkerchiefs.
CONSULS IN CUBA
Lee Has Not the Faintest Idea of
Resigning
NEW YORK, March B.—A copyright ca
ble to the Evening World today from
George Bronson Rea at Havana says:
"General Lee said last night to me: 'If
Spain wishes to declare any or all of us
persona non grata, It Is her privilege to
do so, but If we must leave town we will
leave with the American flag flying and a
brass band at the head of the procession.' "
CAN'T STAND THE STRAIN
HAVANA, March B.—Some persons, In
order to Increase the excitement, are urg
ing General Lee to resign, but the consul
general of the United States said to the
correspondent today: "I will stick by the
ship of state until the clouds roll by."
The resignation of Walter B. Barker,
United States consul at Sagua la Grande,
was confirmed by today's advices. Mr.
Barker has been on the verge of nervous
prostration. Alexander C. Brlce, the
United States consul at Matansas, says he
cannot stand much longer the strain under
which he has lived the past two years.
The Bache leaves today for the Tortugas
Islands to resume her coast survey work.
The Fern will be replaced by the United
States cruiser Montgomery, which la to ar
rive tomorrow morning. The crew of the
stem nave been usable to wash her decks
recently, owing to the fllthlness ot the har
bor water, and must clean up at sea In or
der to avoid sickness among the crew.
about the deportation of any of the news
paper correspondents except Honore Lalne,
who was arrested on Saturday last.
Th French steamer La Fayette arrived
here today. She had among her passengers
TORPEDOES ORDERED
NEW YORK, March B.—
It is said that imperative
orders have been received at
Willett's Point to prepare
immediately for shipment
a large quantity of material
for torpedoes. Several tons
of explosives, eleven drums
of single conducting cable,
four drums of multiple ca
ble, five 1000-pound an
chors, twenty 500-pound
anchors, wire cable for
mooring and tackle for
their attachment to Che tor
pedoes are called for. The
material will be forwarded
to Key West, it is believed,
where it will be utilized in
the manufacture and prep
aration of the torpedoes to
protect the approaches to
that port.
Luclen Joseph Jerome, who will replace
Oustave Gorllng as British vice consul at
this port.
AT HAVANA
Nothing Given Out by the Court of
Inquiry
HAVANA, March B.—The court of Id*
qulry pursued In some respects a different
course from that adopted on the occasion
ot the previous visit ot the court to Ha
vana. It la sow not uncommon to ace
members ot the court en the wreck, per
Eight Pages
PRICE FIVE CENTS
WAR FEELING
Shown in the Action Taken
by Congress
MILLIONS SET ASIDE
TO BE USED FOR THE NATIONAL
DEFENSE
HOUSE VOTES UNANIMOUSLY
Appropriating Fifty Million Dollars
to Be Used at the Discretion of
the President
Associated Press Special Wire
WASHINGTON, March B.—ln a spirit
of patriotism, with eloquent words ring
ing in their ears, every member of the
house of representatives today responded
to the president's first call to meet the
Spanish situation by casting his vote
for a bill placing In President McKln
ley's hands $50,000,000 to be expended
at his discretion for the national defense.
Party lines were swept away, and with a
unanimous voice congress voted Its con
fidence In the administration. Many
members who were paired with absent
colleagues took the responsibility of
breaking their pairs, an unprecedented
thing in executive annals, in order that
they might go on record In support of
this vast appropriation to maintain the
dignity and honor of their country.
Speaker Reed, who, as presiding officer,
votes only In case of tie, had his name
called and voted in his capacity as a
representative.
The scene of enthusiasm which greeted
the announcement of the vote —ayes 311,
nays none—has seldom been paral
leled in the house.
All day long the galleries were Jammed
with enthusiastic spectators, applaud-,
lng to the echo the sterling patriotism
of the words of eloquence which were
uttered by the members on the floor.
All the speeches were brief. Although
four hours were allowed for debate, so
great was the pressure for time that not
one member was given inure than five
minutes, and most of them had to con
tent themselves with a beggarly frac
tion of a minute. In all fifty-nine
speeches were made. With one accord
members from the north and south, the
east and west, the states and territories,
battle-scarred veterans of the union and
the confederate armies, all Joined In pro
claiming their support of the country's
chief magistrate in the face of a possible
foreign war. In the whole debate there
was only a slight discordant note, caused
by the speech of General Bingham oi
Pennsylvania, a gallant soldier who
served with distinction under Hancock.
He spoke too conservatively for the
aroused temper of the house, and when
he Insisted that our relations with Spain
were as friendly as they had been for
years, many of the members hissed him.
While almost every member who spoke
deprecated the possibility of war, a wide
divergence of opinion as to how close
were hostilities manifested itself in the
debate. The general contention by th,«
majority among the leaders o i both
sides was that this appropriation, by pre*
paring for war, would prove the surest
guarantee of peace. Others Insls:ed thai
war's alarms would be soon heard, and
Mr. Mann of Illinois declared that v. *i
actually existed In all save nam-..
A CROWD PRESENT
WASHINGTON, March B—The gal
leries of the House were packed to the
doors today and long lines of people,
unable to gain admission, surged ,:bout
the corridors. Public interest In the de
bate on the bill appropriating |J , ),00O,OO0
for the national defense was renin i d la
this large attendance in the ga llerle*
On the floor almost every member was
in his seat. In the faces of the leaders
on both sides sat an air of stern I - ■ ui
tion, indicating their deep appreciation
of the great business upon which Con*
gresß and the country were entering,
making this vast appropriation for pos
sible war. As soon as the Journal had
been read, the Speaker rapped for or
der, and amid a deep silence Charm a o
Cannon, as a deficiency bill, reported the
INDEX
+ TO TELEGRAPHIC NEWS
*
4" The Canadian Pacific railroad does
4> some more rate cutting, stlrrlm the
•Jr western roads to find some menus of
4- retaliating.
4" The crisis in the orient grows inur;
4. acute; an English diplomat thinks
4- this a good time to lay the foundation
+ of an Anglo-American alliance.
•fr The statement of the postoffii v -
+ partment made yesterday show
4 1 Angeles to have made very satl- >■ -
4- tory growth during the past six >
4? An Insurgent agent arrives at New
4 1 York with a message to the effec that
4> the Cuban insurrectionists wB
+ glad to assist the United States ' i i
4> fight with Spain.
+ Stories of Spain's purchase of « ir
+ ships are to be taken with allowance
+ the cruiser market is not overstor! el,
+ and most nations owning battle
4> need them in their business.
4- Purchase of warships under con
-4> sideratlon by navy officials; Japan nnj
+ two cruisers building in Aim rU:m
4- ship yards, which are much deair. d,
4- lighthouse tenders may do good sc-
•fr vice, If utilized as gunboats. i
Good results seem already to have •
4- followed active preparations for war. .
+ The latest advices from Washington <
4> Indicate that Spain's peaceful lnten- •
4> tlons have become much more marked, .
+ and hope grows stronger that a eolu- •
4> tlon of pending questions may be •
4> reached without bloodshed. ,
4> Fear of war seems even stronger in •
•fr England than In the United States or •
+ In Spain; the opinion Is expressed that •
4> nothing short of a miracle can pre- •
4. serve the peace of the world; Wash- •
4> ington officials think the situation Is <
4> Improved, but there Is no lessening of •
4. exertion to put the navy in the high- ,
4> est state of efficiency.
4> The house, by unanimous vots, <
4 passes the Cannon bill, setting asid* <
4. 1W.000.000 to be used at the d lac ratios* a