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A TRIP IB IRE TROPICS The State Herald Describes Key West. THE GIBRALTAR OF THE GULF After a Voyage of Seventeen Days He Finally, Reached the Island of St. Chris topher. _ T* Si Masse Terre St. Christopher, Oct. 6.— (Special. Correspondence.)—So many peo ple say they prefer seeing their own country first before seeing a foreign country. For myself, I bellevje in seeing any country I can and when I can. But how many people really know their own country? Take Key West, for instance. We all know that there Is an excellent ci gar comes from Key West, but how many of us know where Key West is or anything about it. I, for one, didn’t un til recently, and presuming that you are just as ignorant as I was I am going to. enlighten you. That Key West is in Florida we all know', that is we are so taught in our ge ography. but in reality it is situated on a coral reef of the same name seven miles long, about two miles wide and only 11 feet above the sea. It is about sixty miles south of Cape Sable, the most southerly point of the mainland of Flor ida. The town of Key West covers about half of the reef and is inhabited mostly by Cubans and Bahamans, who speak a Spanish patois. You rarely hear English Bpuken. Its climate is mild and attracts many northern Invalids annually. Its streets are broad and Its houses surrounded by tropical plants and shrubs. Key West is to the gulf what Glbralta is to the Mediterranean, and is one of the ci-lef naval stations of the United States. Its principal and only manufacture is that of cigars. Previous to 1874 30,000 bushels of salt were produced by evaporation, but a hur ricane swept over the island and the works went where the woodbine twlneth. Some of the inhabitants subsist by fish ing, sponge gathering and turtle catch _ ing. Many others are engaged in "wrecking,” that is, plundering unfortu nate vessels that are wrecked on these dangerous reefs. After leaving Key West we sailed through the Strait of Florida past Salt Key and into Santarem channel, where I got my first sight of Cuba. We were about opposite Sagua la Grande, and at least forty miles from shore, but the Cuban mountains could be plainly seen lying low along the horizon like a blue cloud. We were in a dangerous place in case of bad weather. There are thousands of reefs and keys between Cuba and Flori da, some above water and some hidden beneath its surface. It takes a skilled navigator to steer clear of the treacher ous keys, and even under the best man agement many vessels are annually wrtekea. "" r i It Is interesting to take a large map of the Bahama Islands and of the West In dies and see how thickly studded the ■waters are with islands, reefs and banks. My impression was that there were only about seven or eight West India is lands, but I know better now. The num ber runs up Into the hundreds, islands thickly Inhabited that I never heard of before. Get out your map and study It and lell Dr. Phillips to point them out to his pupils from a good map Instead of from the miserable maps founds In geographies. We sailed along the Cuban coast for several days, with the mountains con stantly In view. At times we would pass close In shore and with marine glasses could see villages and the beautiful green fields of cane and bananas. 9o deceptive is distance that at times we appeared to be within two miles of Bhore, when in reality we were fully ten miles off shore. We could see steamers cruising along nearer the shore, evidently Spanish men of-war, looking for filibusters. I had always thought that Cuba was a low, flat, sickly country, but imagine my surprise to find that it Is mountain ous and beautiful and quit© healthy in the interior, so I am told. Some of the mountains are 6000 feet high and rise right from the water's edge to the clouds above. They can be seen about ninety miles on a clear day. As the island Is 700 miles long we didn’t pass it In a day, you may be sure. We had the gulf stream with us, which was some help, but the wind wasn’t exactly fair, being a little ahead, which necessi tated our making many tacks. Now, if I should stop to explain what “tacking’’ and "beating” and “luffing” nnd “laying to” and “jibbing” and "run ning” you would become as good a sea dog as I am, so you must Just swallow what I tell you and ask no questions. Of couse you know what the gulf stream is. Every child knows that it is a warm river that flows through the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic ocean at the rate of about three miles an hour and helps to keep England warm. It is used for othert purposes, but that Is its principal use. The gulf stream is a great help to ves sels running with it, but woe be unto vessels going against It. There is another element that helps or retards sailing ves sels, and that is the trade wind, which has its origin somewhere near the Cape Verde Islands and blows in a southwest erly direction with unvarying constan cy the year round, except when prevented by a tornado during the hurricane season. It is the trade wind that tempers the cli mate of the tropical countries and makes Ihem inhabitable, and I may aay com fortable. Loiummissirunune iraue winu ana naa easy sailing coming over, but he had a tough time getting home with those lit tle tubs of his. The wonder Is that he ever got home at all. The voyage can be made this way In a row boat with per fect safety, but it is going the other way that is hard work. While sailing through the Florida strait we passed every kind of vessel Imagina ble, from a small fishing schooner to big ocean steamships and men of war. One Spanish steamship passed quite close to us, loaded with soldiers bound for Ha vana. No doubt some of the small vessels we saw were Cuban filibusters. I think I would have Joined a filibuster ing expedition if I had not struck my present berth. I was just in the humor for doing anything rash at that time, but I am cured now. I came to the con clusion that there were just as good fish In the sea. But I digress. We passed close under the lee of Great Inagua, a British island about seventy five miles from Cuba, then for two days we were out of sight of land. The next land we sighted was Cape Isabelique, on the north side of Hayti. We kept this negro republic In sight for three days and then passed between it and Porto Pico, another Spanish island, which is pn the verge of a revolution. Porto Rico Is nearly as large as Alabama and has 1,500,000 population, and from the sea It looks like the garden spot of earth. We kept close to the Island, which gave us a smoother sea and enabled us to make better headway. The next island we sighted, after losing sight of Porto Rico, was Santa Crux, a small Danish island, with 20,000 Inhabi tants, and the day following. Just sev enteen days after leaving Mobile, we en te.cd the harbor of Bosse Terre. Island of \ St. Christopher, or St. Kltt, as It ts more commonly called. Feeling our way Into the harbor we east anchor"St"dark in the roadstead, Just too late tor the custom house officers to board ua. I was crazy to set foot again on terra ftrma and wanted to steal ashore that night, but the captain gave me positive orders to do nothing of the ktrrd, as it would likely cause his boat tfl fes siffiefl. (tlid i.would more than likely go to Jail lfctiught: X sat cm deetCtrntil quite late meditat ing awljtle anS'singlng awhlle,_The-eoho from my voice and gultar*reverberated ■ftbross the trenqnil harbor and sounded perfectly beautiful (to myself.) From the bottom of my heart X felt sor ry-for every ntie-who was not within hear tng of my vstcer for I can’t recall the time when I ever sang with more melody and sweetness than I did that night. Bo anxious was I to get ashore and YMte of the trofcftSiI fruits and vegetables and.all.the tropical growth that I scarce-* iy slept a*wlnk. Nature finally asserted Itself, go I crept to my virtuous couch and Slumbered until dawn. ' - A SURE THING. How You Can Get Rid* of That Catarrh That Bothers You ? Have you- got catarrh? If you have not, you are’h lucky man. At least every third man hsJs it. If you have got ca tarrh, what are you going to do about It? Are you going to continue and hawk, and spit,., and snuff, and choke, and sneehe, and eough, and. do all the other disagreeable things that catarrh patients are obliged to do? There is no use of this. . You can get cured If you want to. This is the way: The first thing you want to do is to get a botjle of Fe-ru-na, take a teaspoonful before each meal and at bedtime. Grad ually Increase this dose so at the end of one month you are taking a tablespoonful at each dose. If you are not well at the end of that time sit down and write Dr. Hartman of Columbus, O., a letter, just give the facts, and you will receive a prompt answer, which will tell you ex actly what to do further. Be sure to write Dr. Hartman before quitting the treatment. Every family ought to have a copy of the Pe-ru-na Almanac. Ask your drug gist for one. SERIOUS THOUGHTS, A Steadfast Mind. Nay, never falter! No deed Is done By falterers who ask for certainty. No good Is certain, but the steadfast mind, The undivided will to seek the Rood; 'Tls that compels the elements and wrings A human music from the indifferent air. The greatest gift a hero leaves his race Is to have been a hero. —GEORGE ELIOT. Reasons for Being Thankful. He who sees in the heavens and the earth the loving power of Almighty God Is never in want of reasons for being thankful. The light of the sun by day, the moon and stars by night are evi dences of the sustaining strength of our God. Knowing these things, how can we fail to be thankful? For food and health, for home and its comforts, for garments and shelter, for liberty and friends, our sense of obligation ought to be great. The Hands of Our Father. "The firm persuatlon that all things which concern us are completely, every moment; In the hands of our Father above infinitely wise and merciful, that He dis poses all these events In the best possible manner, and that we shall one day bless Him for even His most distressing visita tions, such a sublime persuasion will make the heart and the character sub lime. It will enable us to assemble our Interests together, our wishes, our pros pects, our sorrows, and the circumstances of the persons that are dear to us and present them in one devout offering to the best Father, the greatest friend; and It will assure us of being in every scene of life the object of His kind, perpetual care.”—John FoBter. Divine Help. The strength, the force which is ap pointed to live your burdens, to run your raoe, to find your truth, to hold the canopy of faithfulness over your head 1b not you. It is you and God. For you to try and do It alone Is natural. It is al Inost as if the engine tried to carve with out the artist. It is engine and steam that are to make the running power. It is artist and power that are to carve a statue. It is God and you that live your life. For you to try to live all alone is fo try to do all the work with one part of the power. God is not a crlitch coming in to help your strength. The stronger you are the more thoroughly you are yourself.—Rev. D. S. Hamilton. The Soriptural Idea. “Any unperverted mind will conceive of the scriptural idea of prayer as that of one of the most downright, sturdy re alities in the universe. Right in the heart of God’s plan of government it is lodged as a power. Amidst the conflicts which are going on in the evolution of that plan it stands as a power. Into all the intrica cies of divine working and the mysteries of divine decree it reaches out silently as a power. In the mind of God, we may be assured, the conception of prayer Is po fiction, whatever many may think of it. ’More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of.' ”—Austin Phelps. Evil Companions. The company that man keeps deter mines his character. No man does un dertake the religious life with honesty and earnestness without separating from evil associations. He draws off to the good, and the evil as naturally draws away from him. If evil associates of the past are near to him they are no longer In sympathy with him; not because of his sanctimoniousness, but because there Is something In the man on account of •which they do not longer enjoy his society as they once did. The more earnestly he devotes himself to his God the more they draw away from him.—Rev. J. L. With row. Whatever You Do. "Whatever task is set you to do, do it cheerfully, that your memory of It may be sweet. For If a thing must be done we shall like to remember that we did it with a whole heart and ungrudgingly, since that which is done grudgingly avalleth little, and is not the deed of the inner man at all, and that which is done heartily groweth light in the doing.” It Never Fails. “There is only one stimulant that never falls and yet never Intoxicates—duty. Duty puts a black sky over every man —up in his heart, maybe—Into which the skylark, happiness, always goes singing.” —Lamartine. Heroism. The heroes of today are the men and the women who do their duty faithfully, as they find it laid out for them, caring for family and home and doing what they cam for their neighbors. We have our op portunities in the daily walks cf life. Men are growing better every day; more chi valrous than before. The race is "falling up” and thousands of unsung heroes all around us are enlisted in the work —Rev. George L. Perrin. From God. "Get the pattern of your life from God, and then go about your work and be your self."—Phillip Brooks. HERBART CLUB. Fruitful Discussions of Psycology and Kindred TopicT The meeting of the Herbart club at the high school building Tuesday night was well attended by enthusiastic stu-. dents of psycology. The meeting was de voted a general presentation of the life and doctrines of Herbert. The president, Prof. A. C. Moore, outlined tTie plan and. purposes of the club. Psycology, he stated, would form the basis of the work; not so much the psycology of text books as current psycology—the psycol ogy which 1b brought to our attention through, discussions In the current mag azines. PBycology underilea many other sciences, and a proper solution of many of the .pressing problems of today de pends largely upon a correct understand ing of psycologioal principles. The name Herbart was chosen because Herbart’s philosophy Is revolutionizing educational thoughts. Membership In the club does not carry with It art Indorsement of Her bartlan principles. The object of the club Is an honest search after truth. No the ory Is to be blindly adopted. While edu cational topics will form a part of the work of the club, other lines will be pur sued, and all who are intereated In phil osophical study are Invited to become members, whether teachers or not. The local club will maintain a general connec tion with the National Herbart society, recently organized, for the scientific study of education. This society has at Its head some of the leading educators of the day. Miss Mary A. Cahalan read a biograph ical sketch of Herbart. Johann Freld rlch Herbart was born at Oldenburg May 4, 1778, and died August 11, 1841, at Gottingen. His early life was spent as a tutor, soon after which he came under the Influence of Pestalozzi. His work as a teacher suggested the study of philos ophy and he Is dtelngulshed as having occupied the chairs of philosophy In sev eral of the great universities of Germany. The height of his ambition was reached when he was placed In the chair made va cant by Kant. A resume of Herbart s philosophy was presented by Dr. J. H. Phillips. His fun damental doctrines were set forth in a clear cut and forcible manner. A review of a system of philosophy Is no small task when ample time is allowed, but It is ren dered much-more difficult when only a few minutes can be devoted to it. Her bart’s philosophy has its starting point, its center, in education. Thus it differs from all other previously existing sys tems. His inspiration was drawn from the school room. He stands with Hegel as the greatest of the post-Kanti&n phi losophers. His philosophy was the out growth of his pedagogy. His works are embraced in his logic, ethics, ontology, asthetics, psycology and pedagogy. His psycology distinguishes him from all oth er philosophers since he discarded the traditional division or the human mind Into separate faculties. He regarded the mind as a simple essence, with the power to look out, as It were, through the win dows of the soul upon the external world and receive Impressions. These impres sions entering the soul through the sense constitute so many ideas or presenta tions, which by mutual attraction may become united as an organized mass or body of experience. By the action and interaction of these presentations other ideas and states of the soul are origi nated. as Isolated idea seeking entrance into the mind is either attracted or re pelled by the apperceiving mass. If at traction prevails the feeling of pleasure ensues; if repulsion, pain. Thus he ac counts for the development of feeling, emotion and even volition. Feeling in general is the product of ideas in motion. Feeling In motion, that is, progressing to wards an attainable object, becomes de Blre; and desire, when accompanied by the hope of attainment, culminates th volition. Thus Herbart accounts for the development of the sensibilities and the will. In this, be It understood, he is at variance with the accepted psycology of his predecessors. Morality Is the dominating idea of his system of pedagogy; character the first word in his science of education. It is the proud claim of Herbartians that the subjects of the common school curricu lum, when properly selected and present ed, tend to develop character. In the old systems culture was placed first, knowl edge afterwards; in Herbart’s system culture, through knowledge properly pre sented, constitutes the central idea. Principal F. M. Roof then followed with a concise presentation of the leading rep resentatives of Herbartian pedagogy In Germany and the United States. The two leading representatives in Germany, he said, were Professors Stoy and Ziller, each founding a separate school based on the teachings of Herbart. The differ- 1 ence between these schools consisted chiefly in the application of the Herbart ian doctrine of correlation of studies. These eminent interpreters of Herbart were followed by Dr. Frick and Dr. Rein, the latter succeeding Dr. Stoy in the chair of pedagogy at the University of Jena. This school has become Justly famous as the resort for educators from all parts of the world. In the United Btates, he said, the leading interpreters of Herbart are Dr. DeGarmo, president of Swarth more college, and also president of the National Herbart society; also Dr. M. C. Murray and Colonel Parker of Illinois and Drs. Butler and McMurray of New York. In discussion of the objects of the club President Samuel Ullman of the board of education emphasized the Importance of the study of psycology as the means through which the teacher may be led to understand and properly guide his pupils. Even children of the same family, he said, however much the family resem blance may be, and however similar their treatment in rearing may have been, yet all differ in important points. The wise parent must understand these differences if he is to guide and direct the child. To the teacher psycology means much more. In every child the teacher must see before him the future man or woman. Every child presents to the teacher a skeleton which must be clothed with living tissues. Principal J. B. Cunningham then briefly discussed the philosophy of Herbart and emphasized Its reforming tendency upon the Individual, Society and the state. He said that if the pedagogy of Herbart were applied criminology In Alabama would be your child You note the difference in children. Some have nearly every ailment, even with the best of care. Others far more exposed pass through unharmed. Weak children will have continuous colds in winter, poor digestion in summer. They are with out power to resist disease, they have no reserve strength. Scott’s Emulsion of cod-liver oil, withnypo phosphites, is cod-liver oil partly digested and adapted to the weaker digestions of children. Scorr & Bow** , Chemists, New York. 50c. and $:.« revolutionized; that we would no longer see youth of tender age subjected to the allurements of the streets or exposed by law to degrading Influences of the state prison and the coal mines. il|?8 S'-1!!16 A1!£l? asked whether It la not an error tS attribute to Herbart the distinctive principle of fiMrailef building through education; w-hetherthis , had not beeri a familiar Idea with the long- line of philosophers and teachers who had preceded jilm. £r. Phll|lp5 fnfeply stated that the en ichlsement of the human mind and the elevation of the race by means pfl knowledge is not the new Idea claimed for Herbart by his followers, but that character building may be secured through the Instruction In the common branches when presented In oonformity to the lawB of mtad. and not solely In direct ethical Instruction; that all In struction has an ethical value when prop erly Incorporated In the child’s experi ence. Prof. 8. L. Robertson In a ten min utes- address of unusual strength empha sized the Importance of a Study from a strictly scientific standpoint. Whatever the tendencies of the leaching of Her bart may prove to be, the members of this club, laying aside prejudices, must strive for the attainment of truth. Skepticism and Infidelity were rampant In the days of Herbart. Blind materialism closed the eyes of eminent philosophers to the highest truths of nature and of holy writ. With the great lights of history before us we have unprecedented advantages over even Herbart and hts contempora ries In our search for knowledge and truth. The first meeting of the club was re garded as a brilliant success, from which all present derived pleasure and profit. The next meeting of the club will be held at the same place Tuesday night, Novem ber 19, to which all who are Interested are cordially Invited. Useless Forebodings. "What a vast proportion of our lives is spent in anxious and useless forebodings concerning the future—either our own or that of our dear ones! Present Joys, present blessings slip by, and we miss half their sweet flavor, and all for want of faith in Him who provides for the tiniest insect in the sunbeam. Oh! when shall we learn the sweet truBt in God that our children teach us—we. who are po mutable, so faulty, so irritable, so un just, and He, who is bo. watchful, so piti ful, so loving, so forgiving? Why can not we, slipping our hand into His each day, walk trustingly over that day’s ap pointed path, thorny or flowery, crooked or straight, knowing that evening will bring us sleep, peace and home?"—Phil lips Brooks. Kindness. You may pulverize ice, but it is ice still; but let a Bunbeam fall on it and it Is soon dissolved. Abuse, however severe and humiliating, never softens men; but kind ness will melt the most obdurate. ALL SATISFIED. Long List of Testimonials From Persons Who Have Been Cured of Various Ail ments by the Electropoise. 1 had rheumatism for a year and had to stop work, but after using your Elec trcpolse for four months I can say that it l has cured me. Yours truly, MR. W. G. GREEN. Claylfrook, Tenn., Dec. 19, 1894. The Electropoise has done me more gqod than any medicine I fver took. It has oured me of rheumatism, and I hope 1 will be able to praise It to the end of my time. Yours truly, MRS. R. H. SPARKMAN. Forest City, Ark., Dec. 22, 1894. I take pleasure In saying that we con sider the Electropoise a wonderful cura tive agent. We have used It with great success a number of times and for differ ent diseases. We value It very highly and would not be without it. Yours very truly, MRS. A. M. DEBOW. Hickman, Ky., Jan. 16, 1895. I have been a great sufferer with ca tarrh, and will say that the Electropoise has been of great benefit to me. I recom mend It to all who are suffering with ca tarrh. Yours very truly, MRS. M. E. SMITH. Half Pone. Tenn., March 14, 1895. I had been confined to my bed for eighteen months before I got the Electro poise. It has given me entire satisfac tion, and I have never before obtained such relief from anything. Yours truly, MRS. JENNIE PAYNE. Deposit, Ala., Sept. 25, 1894. My mother and I are satisfied. We have been greatly benefited by the use of the Electropoise. It Is the greatest relief Imaginable after doing a hard day’s work. Yours truly, MISS MARCIA RAYMOND. Centrevllle, Tenn., Dec. 22, 1894. We used the Electropoise In our family for almost everything and It has always proved satisfactory. Yours truly, J. A. WILLINGHAM. Sebree, Ky., Dec. 3, 1894. We have used the Electropoise with perfect satisfaction lniour family. Yours truly, MRS. JOHN B. WILSON. Oliver, Tenn., Dec. 4, 1894. A book of complete Information by mail to any address. DuBOIS & WEBB, 223 Twenty-first Street, Birmingham,.Alabama. 11-6-wed-sun- tf I h Tf E Club Line sys tem is worth )our attention—good lor general use—and the rates (or your residence will meet your views, even if )ou do live at some e!ist: r.ce from the business center of ihe city. Drop in at the office of the BIRMINGHAM, ALA., TELEPHONE EXCHANGE Second avenue and 19th street, and find out just what is offered. There is a variety of rates and service. for Infante and Children. IH1RTY ywi’ otwroUan of CutorU with the patronage ot million, pf pwioai, permit o. to ip«»k of It nrlthont pumlag. It i» nnqne.tlonahly tlrt he.l fremody for Infhnt. Children the •world ha. ov.r known. It 1. hannle... Children. Ufa It. It give, them health, ft xrlll i.t* their Hveo. In'lt Mother, htf .omethlng whloh 1. absolutely »ofo and practically perfect m > child’, medicine. Cnetorln de.troy. Wonai. CMtorla allay. rgrori.lmo.fc CwtoH. prevent, vomiting Boor Card. CMtarU cnre. TOmtIib. and Wind Colic. Ca.torla relieve. Toothing Trouble.. Ca.torla cure. Conrflpatlen and Flatnlency. C.«torlo neutralise. tho effect, of carbonlo acid go. or pohcnwu gift Co.torlo do— not contain morphia., opium, or othor norcotlc property. Ca.torla o..lmllat«. tho food, regnlate. the .tomach and howel., giving hoalthy and natnral sleep, Ca.torla 1. pnt op In one-size bottle, only. It 1. not .old fn hnlh, Don’t allot, any one to wll yoo anything el.o on tho plea or proml.# that It la “Jn.t a. good” and “-trill an.wer every pnrposo.’’ See that yon got C-A-S-T-O-R-I-A. Tho facsimile .Ignatnre of bon every wrapper. Children Cry for Pitcher’s Caetoria. The Berney National Bank, Birm.lng'liam, -A.la'bam.a,. Chartered January 28, 1886. Capital Stock, $200,000.00. Surplus and Profits, $28,000.00. Successors to City Natiooal Bank of Birmingham Jannary 8, 1895. Special Attention to Industrial and Cotton Accounts J. B. COBBS, PreB’t. W. F. ALDRICH, Vice-Pres’t. W. P. G. HARDING, Cashier. J. H. 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Solicits accounts of manufacturers, merchants, banks and individuals. 8 28 tf STEINER BROS., Bankers, Birmingham, Alabama. Negotiate loans on real estate and collateral. Buy county and city bon is. Sell steamship tickets over all lines. Issue interest-bearing certificates on savings deposits. Promote and financier enterprises. Sell exchange on all parts of Europe. __ ^dam$ Drug Co, S. E. Cor. 2d Ave. ami 19th St. BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA •®“We can now be found at the Co:ner of Second avenue and Nineteenth street. Most Convenient Apothecary Shop in Town. Our new store will be a beauty when the decorations are finished. Our stock is almost entirely new aud prescriptions are our specialty. Our store is open from 6 in the morning until 12 at night. The Metropolitan Hotel and Restaurant Nos. 8 and 10 North 20th Street, Corner Morris Avenue. NEXT TO THE UNION DEPOT. REGULAR MEALS; 25 CENTS. Birmingham Paint and Glass Company LARGEST STOCK. LOWEST PRICES. Taints, Tils. 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