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jJ !in I Pi i fir K.tnbtltlied July J, 1SMJ. EOL. XXVIII., NO. 5111 HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, SATURDAY, DECEMBER, 21, 1888. PKICE FIVE GENTS. PROFESSIONAL CARDS. J. Q. WOOD. ATTORNEY AT LAW AND NOTARY Public. Office: Comer King and Batbel Streets. DR. C. B. HIGH. DENTIST. PHILADELPHIA DENT- al College 1892. Masonic Temple. Telephone 318. DR. A. C. WALJ. DR. 0. E. WALL DENTISTS OFFICE HOURS: 8 A.E to 4 p. m. Love Building, Fort Street. M. E. GROSSMAN, D.D.S. DENTIST 38 HOTEL STREET. Ho nolulu. Office Hours: 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. DR. A. J. DERBY, DEiNTIST CORNER FORT AND Hotel Streets.. Mott-Smith Block. Telephones: Office. 615; Residence. 789. Hours: 9 to 4. GEO. H. HUDDY, D.D.S. DENTIST FORT STREET, OPPO SING Catholic Mission. Hours: From 9 a. m. to 4 p. m. DR. F. E. CLARK. DENTIST PROGRESS BLOCK. COR- ner Beretanla and Fort Streets. C. L. GARVIN, M.D. OFFICE No. ' 537 KING STREET, near Punchbowl. Hours: 8:00 to 9:00; 2:00 to 5:00; 6:00 to 7:00. Telephone No. 448. DR. WALTER HOFFMAHH. CORNER BERETANIA AND PUNCH- bowl Streets. Office Hours: 8 to 10 a. m.; 1 to 3 p. m.; 7 to 8 p. in. Sundays: 8 to 10 a. m. Telephone 510. P. O. Box 501. T. B. CLAPHAM. VETERINARY SURGEON AND DEN tist. Office: Hotel Stables. Calls, day or night, promptly answered. Specialties: Obstetrics and Lame ness. Lorrin A. Thurston. Alfred W. Carter. THURSTON & GARTER. A ttor neys-at-Law. next to Post Office. Merchant Street W. C. Achi. Enoch Johnson. ACHI & JOHHSOII. ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW. Office No. 10 West King Street. Telephone 8S4. T. McCAIITS STEWART. (Formerly of the New York Bar.) ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT Law, Spreckels Building, Room 5. 305 Fort Street, Honolulu. CATHCART & PARKE. ATTORNEYS AT manu Street. LAW. 13 KAAHU- CHAS. F. PETERSON. ATTORNEY AT LAW AND NOTARY Public. 15 Kaahumanu Street. LYLE A. DICKEY. ATTORNEY AT LAW AND NOTARY Public. King and Bethel Streets. Telephone S06. P. O. Box 7S5. J. M. KANEAKUA. ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT Law. Office: In the Occidental Hotel, corner of King and Alakea Streets, Honolulu. CHARLES CLARK. ATTORNEY AT LAW- 121 MER chant 6treet. Honolulu Hale. Tel ephone 345. Up Stairs. 0. G. TRAPHAGEN. ARCHITECT 223 MERCHANT ST., Between Fort and Alakea. Tele phone 734. Honolulu, H. I. 1 : M : ill 111 : I Will buy for you or In this market or abroad. GEORGE R. CARTER. Treasurer. Office In rear of Bank of Hawaii. Ltd. GUIDE THROUGH HAWAII. PRICE, 60c. BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED. FOR SALE BY ALL NEWSDEALERS WOMEN'S EXCHANGE. 215 Merchant St. Makea a specialty of ancient Hawai ian Curios, and also carries the best assortment of modern Hawaiian work to be found in Honolulu, including Mats, Fans, Leis, Bamboo, Lauhala and Cocoanut Hats, Etc., Etc. Tel. 659. DR. MILAN SOULE. LATE S. S. AUSTRALIA HAS RE- sumea practice at in. is. corner Sutter and Kearney streets, San Francisco. DRESSMAKERS. MISS FREIBURG KNOKE. DRESS- making parlors, corner School and Nuuanu streets. C. S. RICHARDSON. FUJJLIU STENOGRAPHER AND Typewriter. Expert work at low est prices. Telephone 313, with II. Waterhouse & Co., Queen street. MORRIS K. KE0H0KAL0LE, LOUIS K. M'GREW. UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE Brokers, Accountants, Searchers of Titles and General Business Agents. Office: No. 15 Kaahu- manu street, Honolulu. Formerly A. Rosa's Office. Telephone 520. A. J. CAMPBELL. STOCK AND BOND BROKER. OF fice Queen street, opposite Union Feed Co. M. W. M'CHESNEY & SONS. Wholesale Grocers and Dealers in Leather and Shoe Findings. Agents Honolulu Soap Works Company Honolulu and Tannery. P. SILVA AGENT TO TAKE ACKNOWLEDG- ments to Instruments, District of Kona, Oahu. At W. C. Achi's office. King street, near Nuuanu. Robert Lewers. F. J. Lowrey. C. M. Cooke LEWERS & COOKE. m porters and Dealers In Lumber and Building Materials. Office, 414 Fort St. 111 FORT STREET. Telephone, 240 : : P. O. Box, 89. 0 Goodhue Steel Windmills REDUCED IN PRICE TO 8 Ft., $30; 10 Ft. $40. 1 H. E. WALKER Masonic Temple Block. Stock 8J "t i BUM LEWIS & CO. Mie and Hell Gu HE FACT Historical Sketch of Hawaii's War Attitnfle. 3 RECORD AS IT WAS MADE Early Dole Abandonment of Neutrality Government Was Keen to Assist United States. The existence of the treaty of annexa tion between the United States and Ha waii, fully executed on the iart of Ha waii but unexecuted and in abeyance on the part of the United States, caused much discussion in President Dole's Cab inet as to the relations of the two coun tries in the event of a Spanish-American war. So Ions? as Congress had not declared the discussion was tentative and war. speculative. The press of the city paid slight attention to the matter. On the 14th of April, eleven days before Congress declared war against Spain President Dole addressed to Mr. I M Hatch, Hawaiian Minister in Washington a letter on this subject, of which the fol lowing is a portion: 'Honolulu. II. I., 14th April. IS!. "Dear Mr. Hatch: 'In relation to the prospect of war be tween the United States and Spain, this Government would be pleased to receive suggestions from the Washington Gov ernment in regard to our attitude toward the United States and Spain in case of war." This letter was followed by another, dated April 30th, seven days before news of the declaration of war was received in this place. The following is an extract from it: "Honolulu, 30th April. 1SJS. "Dear Mr. Hatch: "We, of course, are deeply interested in the fact of war existing between the U. S. and Spain. Would be glad to aid the authorities of the U. S. in some way. Jf you see your way to it, 1 should be glad to have you convey to the President my sympathy for him in the serious respon sibilities which the Spanish question has placed upon him." On the 7th day of May news of the actual" declaration of Avar by Congress on the 2.1th of April, was received by the steamer Rio de Janeiro. Up to this time, although it was generally believed that war was inevitable, the attitude of Ha waii towards the belligerents was care fully discussed by President Dole and his Cabinet. The situation was embarrassing, in this respect, that the Republic of Hawaii had acted promptly in ratifying the treaty of annexation with the United States, and Congress, either by the action of the Sen ate alone, or by the joint action of both Houses, could, in no longer a period of time than was required to record the votes, make Hawaii a part of the United States. The question of declaring neutrality, or abandoning it in favor of an open alli ance with the United States, was consid ered by the Government, but as notice of the declaration of war was not received until "May 7th, no action could be taken. One of the important features of the dis cussion was, whether or not an alliance with the United States would not embar rass that country in some way. The prudent course to pursue was to wait until President McKinley had made some suggestions in reply to President Dole's letter of April 14th. The Bulletin, a local annexation journ al, published on tne Cth of May, four days before neutrality was abandoned, interviews with leading citizens on the question of neutrality. The majority of the citizens interviewed were "annexa tionists" and loyal Americans. These in terviews are republished herein. Although the Government had been discussing for some days the matter or abandoning neu trality, and President Dole was waiting for some response from the Government in Washington to his letter addressed to Mr. Hatch on the 11th of April, the pop ular feeling among "annexationists" was that the Government should re main neutral. In no case, how ever, did the annexationists, either as Individuals or as a party, nor did any body of American citizens in any manner whatsoever suggest or urge, the Government to abandon neutrality up to the time news of the declaration of war was received on May th. And after that time until the Government sent, on the 10th of May. three days later, the letter and despatch offering an alliance with the United States, neither did the annex ation organization, or any persons repre senting that body, nor, did any Ameri can permanently residing here, take enough "interest in the matter of aban doning neutrality to suggest or urge the Government to abandon it. The American Minister, Mr. Sewall, was in favor of abandoning-it. At this time the draft of a law, pre pared by the representatives of the Re public in ashmgton. and approved by high officials of the American Govern ment, was received by President Dole. This law, if enacted by the Hawaiian leg islature, would have given President Mc Kinley the authority to raise the Ameri can Hag on these lsianas, ana use mem for war purposes. President Dole and his Cabinet felt that if it was enacted it would be inoperative for several reasons. and might delay annexation mdehnitely. They also discovered on approaching members of the Legislature that the pro posed law could not be passed, although it would be a practical abandonment ct neutrality, in the event or war. Citizens nd political bodies took so little Interest n the matter mat tne press pain n nine mention. The Bulletin, an "annexation-' journal, declared that the proposition in volved in the law. If it eminated from Washington, should have "been brought here (to these Islands) by a strong squadron that would stay Jy it." It censured the Hawaiian representatives in Washington for their action in "promot ing a scheme of initiative on the part of this Government." And it asked: "How dare this helpless and defenseless little ONLY REY. IR. USBORNE 18 BACK. 4- -f The Rev. John Usborne. who the staff of the Bishop of Honolulu and who in a few months cut awav from the Rt. Rev. Alfred and started St. Clement's Mission in Punahou, is again in Honolulu. He is back to the Islands after attending the Rpis copal Congress of the United States at Washington, D. C. The Rev. Mr. Usborne is a man of education, training and has a large amount of indopendence, most likely commingled with a degree of combativeness. With it all he is a sturdy churchman and puts the work of his life as a clergyman ahead of any other consideration. When Rev. Mr. Us borne fell out with the Bishop it was at once known that there had been a difference. Rev. Mr. Usborne issued several letters here and in the United States and further proceeded without delay to erect a. Mission Church in the Punahou district. Services have been held regularly in the pretty little miniature of a cathedral. There is always a fair sized congregation and the music is good. The Bishop of Honolulu has issued u number of proclamations re Rev. Mr. Usborne and the Punahou church. These have been to the effect that Rev. Mr. Usborne had gone far beyond the bounds of church regulations in rising in revolt and that the Chapel was irregular in every way on account, as alleged, of being on ground not owned by the Anglican Church in Hawaii, through its trustees. In a short time now, the Rev. Mr. Usborne will make to the people here a complete statement of his relations with the Bishop of Honolulu and of the trip to the United States. Rev. Mr. Usborne said yesterday that the American House of Bishops at Washington had treated him most cordially. He was given a chair in the Congress and had access to all the committees of the gathering. In one way and another he placed before the ruling dignitaries the story of the church in these Islands and after making known his desires received every encourage ment. Rev. Mr. Usborne is quite confident concerning the outcome of the purposes of his trip to the States, as well as the final result In the differences with the Bishop. It is not in the very highest regard (officially) that Alfred Honolu lu is held by the Rev. Mr. Usborne. The Rector of St. Clement's speaks plainly respectfully, but clearly. He declares earnestly that Bishop Willis has no color of authority for ruling the church in Hawaii. The Rev. Mr. Usborne asserts that no one should pay the slightest atten tion to Alfred Honolulu in an official way. The Rector says the Bishop simply assumes power that he does not at all possess. Rev. Mr. " Us borne continues that Alfred Honolulu, in the exercise of rule, Is exact ly like a man who, as an outsider, would walk up to a military com pany and begin issuing orders and expect obedience. The Bishop, says Rev. Mr. Usborne, has been accepted as supreme here for mo many years that he has in a way established himself, but that when the situation and the facts are known, as they are soon to be presented, the Bishop will be utterly disregarded. 4- It was only briefly that Rev. Mr. Usborne would speak of the new quarrel between the First and Second Congregations of St. Andrew's Cathedral. He said that the great mistake made was in having a con tention over the property. He points out that in a religious affair prop erty should be the last thing to be thought of by the disputants or oth ers interested. Property, in church 'work, should be a minor matter. The duties imposed upon those of the faith to spread the Gospel should take first place. country now try to force the hands of that great nation?" "This language used and published by the Bulletin, an annex ation journal, on the day before and the day neutrality was abandoned by the Government, is reprinted as an appendix to this historical sketch. The Star, another journal representing the annexation political party, could say no more on the subject than these woras, used on May Gth: "There is a great deal or nonsense talked about neutrality, it is absolutely impossible for the Govern ment to take cognizance until official in formation arrives." The Advertiser advocated the mainten ance 01 neutrality on the ground ot in ternational obligations, and for the fur ther reason that Hawaii had already put herself completely at the disposal of the nited States, by ratifying the treaty of annexation. The editor of the Advertiser privately urged the Government to pass the law which Mr. Hatch and Mr. Thurs ton had recommended, giving President McKinley the power to use the Islands for war purposes, under a protectorate. The language used was do everything that the Government at Washington wishes or asks you to do." The views of the Advertiser re garding neutrality were entirely dis sented from by President Dole, in private, and not assented to by any member of the Government. As this jour nal did not. ask for, ar.d never had any confidential relations with the Govern ment It expressed its own views without any reference to Government opinion. The notice of actual war was received at this place on May 7th. On May loth, three days later, and by the very next outgoing steamer, President Dole, ad dressed to Mr. Hatch the following let ter: Honolulu, May 10th, 1MS. Dear Mr. Hatch: By this mail a telegram will be sent you in regard to a prolfer ot our support to the American Government in the ex- sting hostilities with Spain. I have as yet received no reply to ray letter of April 11th expressing a desire to have suggestions from the American Gov ernment as to our attitude in the pending hostilities. Under the circumstances we feel at a loss as to the course we should pursue. While we have no thought of proclaim ing a state of neutrality, we recognize he possibility that an outspoken adher ence to the fortunes or the u. fc. mignt for the time being be an embarrassment to that country in some way or other. aa for instance, causing an increase 01 its war responsibilities. We feel that it is desirable for this Gov ernment to follow a definite and consist ent course under the circumstances, and that there should be no unnecessary de lay in the matter. We have therefore decided to forward the telegram mentioned. Instructing you to confer with the President of the U. S. and ascertain if possible what action he would like to have us take, and If he ex presses a definite desire, looking to a treaty of alliance, you are authorized to negotiate such treaty. Of course the assistance which this Goernment can afford to the U. S. under the circumstances may be slight, yet it is of a character that may be important. The obvious Items would be: asylum for American armed, ships and prizes in our ports, privilege of refitting and provis ioning armed ships and prizes, privilege of maintaining a coal supply on shore and the privilege of recruiting soldiers and sailors in our territory. Beside the guarantees of protection on the part of the U. S. in such a treaty, T have no suggestion to make as at present advised. Verv sincerely, (Sig.) SANFORD B. DOLE. President Dole did not even wait for any reply to his letter addressed to Mr. Hatch en x'vpril lith asking him to obtain suggestions from President McKinley as to the attitude that Hawaii should take. While the two representative journals of the annexation political parties had eith er remained indifferent, or as it was in the case of the Bulletin, had declared against any alliance with the United States, unless it was backed up by the presence of a "strong squadron," and the Advertiser had differed with the Govern ment in its view of the matter, the Gov ernment acted with such celerity that only three days after the news of the declaration of war was received it for warded by the first outgoing steamer, an offer of alliance. On the ISth of May, 1S9S, Mr. F. M. Hatch. Minister in Washington, sent the following dispatch to the Foreign Office of Hawaii: 4- -f came down from Canada, tn wrvo nn "The President appreciates highly the offer of Hawaiian Government. Will communicate wishes as circumstances arise." President McKinley, in response to President Dole's request for suggestions regarding neutrality, contained in his letter of April 14th, made no reply immed iately to Mr. Hatch. The request was too promptly made, and premature. President McKinley finally accepted the offer or alliance, without submitting It to the Senate, and within a short time American troops en route to Manila were landed here. Hero the historical sketch closes. On the 12th of August, upon the occa sion of the formal transfer of these Islands to the United States, Mr. Harold M. Sewall, the American Minister charged with the duty of assisting Admiral Jos. X. Miller in conducting the ceremony, took occasion in his capacity as Minister, to deliver an address on that occasion. He addressed the audience as "Fellow Countrymen," and alluded to their ac tion in the abandonment of neutrality as follows: "You refused to listen to the suggestions of the selfish and timid, and at. your peril, offered up all that these Islands had to offer as a sacrifice on the altar of devotion to a country you had no right to call your own." These re marks were regarded by many as ill timed, impertinent, and not in accord ance with the facts. Before this event Mr. Sewall announced himself as a candidate for the highest office in the territory, whatever it might be called. He was supported by a com mittee of the Annexation party, without any reference of the matter to the indi vidual members of the party. President McKinley, however, continued President Dole in office until Congress should pass an organic law for the government of the Islands. After this appointment was made, Mr. Sewall announced himself as a candidate for the office of Governor, as soon as Congress should create the office. The Bulletin, a local journal, became at once his recognized mouthpiece. It was the same journal that had denounced the proposition to allow President McKinley to use these Islands for war purposes, at the moment when President Dole had of fered an alliance to the United States. That journal, ignoring its pronounced stand against the abandonment of neu trality on May 10th, began a campaign of abuse against President Dole for not having abondoned neutrality at once, al though it was done three days after the receipt of the news declaring war. The action of the Government, the letters of President Dole, were readily accessible. But either of its own motion, or more probably inspired by its candidate, Mr. Sewall, it has commented upon President Dole's course as one that was "cowardly," "cringing," "shifting," "a neutrality record of cowardice and treason." In the foregoing sketch the writer has relied upon documentary evidence to the largest extent, in order to avoid contro versies regarding opinions spoken only, and liable to be misrepresented or for gotten. Any comment on the events is carefully avoided. It is intended to be a presentation mainly of facts which are proved by documents or personal knowl edge. In order to show the attitude of an nexationists lure on the question of neutrality, the interviews published on May Cth are now republished. These do not contain a single declaration in favor of abandoning neutrality: QUESTION OF NEUTRALITY. SYM POSIUM OF VIEWS BY PROMINENT BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL. MEN. JUDGE HART WE EE DEEMS NOTICE OF NEUTRALITY WOULD BE WISE HE QUOTES THE SPAN ISH TREATY WITH HAWAII. A representative of the Evening Bulle- (Continued on Page Two.) ii Makes the food more delicious and wholesome fOVAL FOR MORE WHARF (taller ; of Commerce Cabinet. Case to A .. SECOND DREDGER WANTED Lengthening of Three Wharves Ad vocatedGovernment Control. To Relieve Pressure. There was a good attendance for tho Chamber of Commerce meetinir held vrs. terday to hear the report of the commit tee appointed to draft a series of harbor improvement recommendations for the consideration of tho Government. The document was produced at onco and was a paper in regular business style. In Its entirety it cannot he published till it has reached Capt. Kins. Minister of tlm In terior. These are the noints: That Nuuanu wharf be extendi 200 fet into the harbor. That Sorenson wharf bo extendi ton feet into the harbor. That Kinau wharf be extended 30 feet. That dredglntr for a new slm near 1m. Clflc Mail dock bo continued. That a second dredger bo Installed iv- the Government at once. That the Government control nil wharves. That the Government brimr to a deter mination so soon as practicable all letrnl actions against nrivate narties In whioh water front land is Involved. That the Government build wharvra at Limekiln point. There was not a great deal of discussion on the report. All recognized that it had been prepared most carefully and that its provisions were calculated to relieve the ressure upon the harbor in the best vav that can be devised at present. The re port was adopted unanimously. It will be sent to the Government today. There was some expectation that attention. would be called to the private w liar faro of Allen & Robinson, but it was deemed wise to omit any suggestion on individual holdings if such suggestion would be In. the line of causing litigation. The plan that has been adopted Is very like on thaat was recommended by CaDt. Klnsr., the minister of the Interior, some months ago. For that reason it is believed all tho recommendations will meet with the ap proval of the Cabinet. There has been talk for some time that a second dredger was required. The one in use at present is often called from harbor enlargement work to deepen anchorage that fills front the Nuuanu stream and from sand drift ing. It is realized that (here must be another dredger Here in time anyhow to make the Pearl Harbor channel avail able. Said one of the shipping men after the. meeting yesterday: "If the Government will do at once what is recommended, we can get along fairly well during the ap proaching sugar season. To lengthen the wharves referred to should be the work, of but a few weeks. This will greatly re lieve the pressure. As it is now the har bor is simply jammed like a railroad yard in a wheat country during the busy season. Unless operations are inaugu rated without delay and pushed to a fin ishing point, there will be great delay and enormous loss to all the plantations and the whole shipping interest. We have purposely avoided recommendations that would in any way make matters complex. The course pointed -out is a simple and easy one and we have a firm belief that it will be followed. The Government has. the men and the money and it cannot be insensible to the needs of the shipping and sugar interests, which form tho backbone of the country." KINAU ARRIVAL. The Roderick Dhu reached Hilo last Sunday, sixteen days from San Francisco. J. R. Wilson and family were aboard. The schooner John G. North, is "off and on" at Honoipu, weather being too rough for anchorage. Andrew Moore telephoned to Kawalahae that he was seeing at Paauhau the roughest weather he had ever known there. The landing lower works had been carried away and the rest of the structure was in danger. The pleasure yacht Josephine, fifty three days from San Diego, is at Hilo. It is about seventeen tons burthen. The S. S. Maui will be here at noon. She carries lO.WiO bags of Paauhau sugar, CSO Kukalau, SO head of cattle for Hono lulu. 4" head for Molokal settlement. The weather was ho rough at Iahaina that the Mauna Loa transferred her freight to the Kauai, but Capt. Clarke and Purser Beckley are proud of the fact that the Kinau's boats went in through the breakers and brought off everybody safely. The Claudine will be here early this morning. She had a large amount of the roughest sort of weather, could not work at Kahului, where the sailing vessels at anchor -were in danger of being swept ashore. Capt. Lydig is much struck with the fertility and beauty of the Island of Ha waii. He believes it capable of becoming highly productive. Jas. Thompson, clerk of court, is horn from I.ahaina court just in time for Christmas fun. Sailor Drowned. A native sailor of the Iwalani crew lost his life at Kilauea landing, Kauai, on Thursday morning. Rough weather. One of the sugar boats capsized. The body had not been found when the W. G. Hall left. POWDER CO., NEW YORK. J - t J.I. Ai r i r 4- v-