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AUSTIN'S HAWAIIAN WEEKLY. fancy, and was followed by others of gen erally increasing size until, in 1855, was held the first Paris Universal Exposition, which inspired the emulation of other na tions. An idea of the growth of the Parisian world's fairs from that date maybe derived fiom the following figures: The exposi tion of 1855 had a motive force for its machinery of 350 horsepower, and it at tracted 23,954 exhibitors and over 5,000,000 visitors. The fair of 1867 had 626 horse power, and 52,000 exhibitors. That of 1S7S had 2500 horsepower, 52,83s exhibitors, 1,600,0000 visitors. In IS89 there were over 5000 horsepower, of which but half was actually used, 55,486 exhibitors and 32,500.000 visitors. Next year, will see a prodigious leap in the motive power, for it is estimated that 45,000 horsepower may be needed, although half that amount will cpiite possibly suflice. Some 20,000 horse power will be installed for electric lighting alone. It is noteworthy that the distribu tion of power throughout the exposition will be by electricity. The exhibitors from the United States alone will number over 2000. The number of visitors expected is 60,000,000, oqual to three-fourths of the population of the United States. A fair such as that of 1900, or of 18S9, is an event of tremendous importance to a nation from purely financial considerations. To the last one is attributed an increase in French railroad receipts alone of over $15, 000,000, and exports for the year increased $90,000,000. Next year foreign visitors are expected to leave $250,000,000 behind them. A single restaurant out of the eighty-six cafes and bars at the exposition of 1SS9, cleared over $300,000, while the profits of five others averaged $40,000. Cafe con cessions for 1900 are now ruling at $10,0 jo in price. More than 20,600 workmen are emploped on the grounds making ready for the coming exposition, and a much larger number are benefited through the outside industrial activity caused by the prepara tions. The number thus kept busy is esti mated at 150,000. A feature of the exposition of 1900, which is rather a departure from that of previous fairs, will be the selective character of the exhibits. All public fairs are necessarily big advertising schemes, but the authorities are determined that in this case the commo dities advertised shall be worth advertising. Doubtless many visitors to Chicago in 1893, while profoundly impressed with the con ception of the show as a whole, and with the buildings, were disappointed with much that was inside of them, and saw much that suggested the annual fair in some rural county of boyhood memories. The Paris show does not have a whole prairie to spread over, and its managers perforce must discriminate in what and how much they admit. The principle of selection governs the American Commission, which has been in desperi'te straits to ward off the attacks of would-be exhibitors who de mand any number of times over the sp-ice that Commissioner Peck's efforts have fin ally wrung from parsimonious French authorities. The American machine tool builders have decided to erect at their own expense, a building at the Vincennes an nex, seven miles from the main grounds. A commendable policy which is now be ing pursued in Paris and which unfortun ately we did not follow at Chicago, is the embellishment of the fair grounds with substantial and permanent works of archi tecture. Such will be the Alexander III bridge across the Seine, the triumphal arch at the entrance to the grounds, which will cost about $300,000, and the two fine art palaces which, together, will reach $4,500, 000. The monumental gateway will not only be a masterpiece of decorative archi tecture, but of inventive genius as well, for the ticket ollice will be arranged to admit 60,000,000 persons an hour. Current Literature. General Otis is an ardent Catholic, as the Spanish priests in Manilla In the Toils of soon found out. It is re Priestcraft, ported that he has suc cumbed entirely to their influence. Whether this be true or not we cannot say; but his reference, in his inter view, to the complications of church and state would indicate the trend of his mind, and is very Catholic and un-American. He says : After all, the military quest! n U, perhaps, not the most important. The question of establishing civil government is far more complex, and requires the most careful action in order to avoid mistakes. The relations of the church and state afford all manner of pitfalls, and bring out many points that require most careful work and profound study. " How can the relations of church and state afford pitfalls ? Under American in stitutions there is no such thing as relations between church and state, and General Otis is old enough to know it. As the Czar of the Philippines, of course, he has the power to institute relations between church and state temporarily (he being the state), and tr.ke the priests of the Spanish into his innermost counsels. But when he attempts to force the doctrine of church and state upon the United States he finds some diffi culty. This has been tried before by the Catholic Church and utterly failed. Why should the establishing of civil government be any more complex than it is in any territory within the United States? General Otis and the American people at large have a strange hallucination that American institutions of freedom are com plex. The commonest savage will com prehend American principles quicker than we will. Tub Weekly is fortunate in being able to give the public, in the Maori Land issues of last week and this, and Hawaii, a series of illustrations of the Maoris of New Zealand, accompanied by very interesting articles .dictated by Mr. Rr.wei. Of all the Poly nesian races the Maoris are nearest of km to the Hawaiian. In fact, the Maoris have a well defined legend tracing their origin directly to the Hawaiian people. The same conditions prevail there as here. In coming in contact with civilization both races are gradually becoming extinct. In his article last week, Mr. Rawei very clearly defined the causes that are working distruction among his people, and one is struck by the strange similarity in the causes that are at work here. It is sad that two so amiable peoples are doomed to become extinct. Many papers which favor expansion and uphold the general poli Sulu Slavery and Cy of the Administration the Constitution, in the Philippines do not sanction the arrange ment made with the Sultan of the Sulu Is lands, by which he is given an annuity, and by which polygamy and slavery are per mitted in his dominions in return for his allegiance According to the dispatches, our treaty with the Sultan provides that any slave in the archipelago may purchase his freedom by pa'ing his owner $20, and some papers think that in this way slavery will soon come to an end; but the dis patches do not do not tell us what facilities the Sulu slaves have for obtaining the necessary S20. Many papers reprint, in connection with the provisions of the treaty, the Thirteenth Amendment to the1 Consti tution of the United States, which reads: Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall eist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. An interesting feature of the situation, in view of the treaty's toleration of slavery, is the praise accorded to it by some of the Republican papers of the North, and the opposition of the Southern Democratic papers. The New York Tribune (Rep.) says, that the news of the treaty "is to be received with sincere satisfaction," and that the agreement "is of the happiest omen for the future government of that important part of the archipel go." The New York Commercial Advertiser (Rep.) calls it " an exceedingly wise and practical arrangement." The New Orleans Pica yune (Dem.) denounces it as an " astonish ing anomaly," and says that, if actually concluded, the "Constitution of the United States will have to be changed to meet the new conditions." The state of Columbia, S. C. (Dem.) calls it " comic opera," An editorial which has been widely com mented upon appears in the Yale Review (August). President Hadley is one of the editors of the Review, and, though he de nies the authorship of the editorial in ques tion, he does not disclaim agreement with the sentiments expressed. The editorial declares that "despite the mists of cant that have been studiousty thrown about our position," it is becoming clearer to an in creasing number of people that "we have undertaken just what Spain had on her hands in Cuba the reduction of an unwill ing people to subjection;" and that the thing for the United States to do is to "turn back on conquest" and offer the Filipinos "self-government and protection against foreign aggression." It then refers to the inconsistency in recognizing the local autonomy of the Sultan of Sulu, and in refusing to recognize the local autonomy of the Filipinos in the northern islands. Literary Digest. The H. Hackfeld & Co., Ltd., well known merchants of this A Notable An- city, celebrated the (gol niversary. den) half-century anniver sary of the establishment of the business, by a reception, extended to the friends of the house, at their business quarters, on the 2nd instant, the multitude of guests being entertained sumptuously from 11.30 a.m. to-1.30 p.m. The offices were grandly decorated, and the flag of " Faderland " floated proudly from the tall flagstaff at the front of the building. During the reception-hours an excellent musical entertainment was given by the Hawaiian band, under the leadership of Capt. Henri Berger. The guests voiced their apprecia tion in hearty unison by giving three cheers for the continued prosperity of this pro- (jressive and popular house. May the firm ive long and prosper. 7,""--4"i