The producers news. [volume], April 26, 1929, Page PAGE FOUR, Image 4

About The producers news. [volume] (Plentywood, Mont.) 1918-1937

Image provided by: Montana Historical Society; Helena, MT

                
Pres. Hoover's Message to Special Session of Congress
PRESIDENT'S FIRST MESSAGE TO
CONGRESS MAKES BID TOWARD
THE REDEMPTION OF CAM
PAIGN PLEDGES
Washington, April 16.—President Hoover, in a mess
age of unusual brevity and directness, recommended to
congress today the creation of a federal farm board
with authority and resources to remedy recurring
causes of depression in the agricultural industry and a
limited revision of the tariff commission.
In addition he proposed in this, his first state paper,
the completion of legislation initiated at the last ses
sion for he suspension of the national origins clause
of the immigration act, the taking of the 1930 census
and the reapportionment of congressional représenta- ^
tion.
While proposing broad powers for the federal farm
board, the chief executive suggested no amount for
the revolving fund to be furnished by the treasury and
proposed safeguards for the instrumentalities and acti
vities to be created under the farm relief act.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE IN FULL
To the Congress of the United States:
I have called this special session of congress to re
deem two pledges given in the last election farm re
lief and limited changes in the tariff.
The difficulties of the agricultural industry arise
out of a multitude of causes. A heavy indebtedness
inherited by the industry from the deflation pro
of 1920. Disorderly and wasteful methods of
developed. The growing spccializa
was
cesses
marketing have
the industry has for years been increasing the
leave the farm and,
tion in
proportion of products that now
in consequence, prices have been unduly depressed by
congested marketing at the harvest or by the occa
sional climatic surpluses. Railway rates have
sarily increased. There has been a growth of compe
tition in the world markets from countries that enjoy
cheaper labor or more nearly virgin soils.
neces
EXPANSION OF PRODUCTION
There was a great expansion of production from our
and upon these profit
marginal lands during the
able enterprise under normal conditions cannot be
maintained. Meanwhile their continued output tends
the situation. Local taxes have doubled
trebled. Work animals have been
war
to aggravate
and in some cases
steadily replaced by mechanical appliances, thereby
decreasing the consumption of farm products. There
many other contributing causes.
The general result has been that our agricultural in
dustry has not kept pace in prosperity or standards
of living with other lines of industry.
There being no disagreement as to the need of farm
relief, the problem before us becomes one of method
are
by which relief may be most successfully brought
Wt are confronted not with a single problem
Therefore
about.
alone but a great number of problems,
there is no single plan or principle that can be gen
erally applied. Some of the forces working to the
detriment of agriculture can be greatly mitigated by
waterway transportation; some of them by re
adjustment of the tariff; some by better understand
and adjustment of production needs; and some
by improvement in the methods of marketing.
our
mg
DUAL PURPOSE IN TARIFF
An effective tariff upon agricultural products that
will compensate the farmer's higher costs and higher
standards of living, has a dual purpose. Such a tariff
not only protects the farmer in our domestic market
but it also stimulates him to diversify hi.s crops and
to grow products that he could not otherwise produce,
and thus lessens his dependence upon exports to for
eign markets. The great expansion of production
abroad under the conditions I have mentioned renders
foreign competition in our export markets increasing
ly serious. It seems but natural, therefore, that the
American farmer, having been handicapped in his for
eign market by such competition from the younger
expanding countries, should ask that foreign access to
our domestic market should be regulated by taking
into account the differences in our costs of production.
The government has a special mandate from the
recent election, not only to further develop our
waterways and revise the agricultural tariff, but al
so to extend systematic relief in other directions.
CLOTHED WITH AUTHORITY, RESOURCES
I have long held that the multiplicity of causes of
agricultural depression could only be met by the cre
ation of a great instrumentality clothed with sufficient
authority and resources to assist our farmers to meet
these problems, each upon its own merits. The cre
ation of such an agency would at once transfer the
agriculural question from the field of politics into the
realm of economics and would result in constructive
•Action. Thr a 'ministration is pledged to create an
instrumentality that will investigate the causes, find
sound remedies, and have the authority and resources
to apply those remedies.
I
The pledged purpose of such a federal farm board
is the reorganization of the marketing system on
sounder and more stable and more economic lines. To
do this the board will require funds to assist in cre
ating and sustaining farmer owned and farmer con
trolled agencies for a variety of purposes, such as the
acquisition of adequate warehousing and other facili
ties for marketing; adequate working capital to be
advanced against commodities lodged for storage; ne
cessary and prudent advances to corporation created and
owned by farmers marketing organizations for the
purchase and orderly marketing of surpluses
sioned by climatic variations or by harvest congestion;
to authorize the creation and
occa
support of clearing
houses, especially for perishable products, through
which, under producers' approval, co-operation can be
established with distributors and processors to
orderly marketing of commodities and for the elim
ination of many wastes in distribution; and to
vide for licensing of handlers of
more
pro- /
some perishable
products so as to eliminate unfair practices. Every
penny of waste between farmer and consumer that
we can el minate will be a gain to both farmers and
consumer.
TO INVESTIGATE EVERY FIELD
i
The board should be organized to investigate
every
field of economic betterment for the farmer so as to
furnish guidance as to need in production, to devise
methods for elimination of unprofitable marginal lands
and their adaption to other uses; to develop industrial
byproducts and to survey a score of other fields for
helpfulness.
Certain safeguards must naturally surround these
activities. Certain vital principles must be adhered
n ot undermine the freedom of
to
-% -
*
farmers and of our people as a bureaucratic and
and interference. We must
fee or
our
governmental domination
not undermine initiative. There should be no
tax imposed upon the farmer. No governmental agency
should engage in the buying and selling and price
fixing of products, for such courses can lead only to
bureaucracy and domination. Government funds shou d
not be loaned or facilities duplicated where other ser
vices of credit and facilities are available at reason
able rates. No activities should be set in motion that
will result in increasing the surplus production,
such will defeat any plans of relief.
as
SUBSTANTIAL BASIS FURNISHED
The most progressive movement in all agriculture
has been the upbuilding of the farmer's own marketing
organizations, which now embrace nearly 2,000,000
farmers in membership and annually distribute near
ly $2,500,000,000 worth of farm products. These or
ganizations furnish a substantial basis upon which to
build further organization. In order to strengthen and
not to undermine them, all proposals for government
al assistance should originate with such organizations
be the result of their application. Moreover by
and
such bases of organization the government will be re
moved from engaging in the business of agriculture.
The difficulties of agriculture cannot be cured in a
day; they cannot all be cured by legislation; they can
not Joe cured by the federal government alone.
farmers and their organizations can be assisted to
these inequalities. Every effort
But
of this
overcome
character is an experiment, and we shall find from
our experience the way to further advance. We must
make a start. With the creation of a great instru
mentality of this character, of a strength and import
equal to that of those which we have created for
transportation and banking, we give immediate assur
of the determined purpose of the government to
ance
ance
create an agency through which constructive action
for the future will be assured.
NEW DAY IN AGRICULTURE
In this treatment of this problem we recognize the
responsibility of the people as a whole, and we shall
lay the foundations for a new day in agriculture, from
which we shall preserve to the nation the great values
of its individuality and strengthen our whole national
fabric.
In considering the tariff for other industries than
agriculture, we find that there have been economic
shifts necessitating a readjustment of some of the
tariff schedules. Seven years of experience under the
tariff bill enacted in 1922 have demonstrated the wis
dom of congress in the enactment of that measure.
On the whole it has worked well. In the main our
wages have been maintained at high levels; our ex
have steadily increased; with some
exceptions our manufacturing industries have been
prosperous. Nevertheless, economic changes have ta
ken place which have placed certain domestic pro
ducts at a disadvantage and new industries have
come into being, all of which creates the necessity
for some limited changes in the schedules and in the
administrative clauses of the laws as written in 1922.
TEST OF NECESSITY FOR REVISION
It would seem to me that the test of necessity for
revision is in the main whether there has been a sub
stantial slackening of activity in an industry during
the last few years, and a consequent decrease of em
playment due to insurmountable competition in the
products of that industry. It is not as if we were
setting up a new basis of protective duties. We did
that seven- years ago. What we need to remedy now
is whatever substantial loss of employment may have
resulted from shifts since that time.
No discrimination against any foreign country is
involved in equalizing the dfference in costs of pro
duction at home and abroad. Indeed, such equalization
is not only a measure of social justice at home, but
by the list it gives to our standards of living, we in-«,
crease the demand for those goods from abroad that
we do not ourselves produce. The cheapening of the
toiler deci eases rather than promotes permanent
prosperity because it reduces the consuming power of
the people.
We must not fail to take into account the broad
interests of the country as a whole, and such interests
include our trade relatiions with other countries. It is
obviously unwise protection which sacrifices a great
er amount of employment in exports to gain a less
amount of employment from imports.
WOULD SPREAD FLEXIBLE BENEFITS
I am impressed with the fact that we also need
important revision in some of the administrative phas
es of the tariff. The tariff commission should be re
organized and placed upon a basis of higher salaries
in order that we may at all times command men of
, .
the broadest attainments. Seven years of experience
have proved the principle of flexible tariff to be prac
tical, and in the long view a most important principle
to maintain. However, the basis upon which the tariff
„ i ^ -L j ,. ,
makes lts re °° m >» en <ktions to the presi
dent for administrative changes in the rates of duty
should be made more automatic and more compre
hensive to the end that the time required for deter
t n f°l S 5L ' be tar ' lf T"™ 85 "" Eha11 be
shortened. The commission s very purpose is defeated
by delays. I believe a formula can be found that will
insure rapid and accurate determination of needed
changes in rates.
Furthermore, considerable weaknesses on the admin
istrative side of the tariff have developed, especially
in the valuations for assessments of duty. There
cases of undervaluations that are difficult to discover
without access of the books of foreign manufacturers,
which they are reluctant to offer. This has become al
so a great source of friction abroad. There is increas
ing shipments of goods on consignment particularly
by foreign shippers.
are
certain matt»« at . . . sre ' bowever
tain matters of emergency legislation that were
partially completed in the last session, such as the
decennial census, the reapportionment of congression
al representation, and the suspension of the national
origin. C-e of the act o, 1924, to g eth.
er with some minor administrative authorizations.
understand that these measures can be reundertaken
without unduly extending the session I recommend
theit C0„ s ,. mmato „ as being in the public
ONLY EMERGENCY LEGISLATION ASKED
Practice makes valuations difficult to determine.
believe it is desirable to furnish to the
sounder basis for valuation in these and other cases.
It is my understanding that it is the purpose-- of
the leaders of congress to confine the deliberations of
the session mainly to the question of farm relief and
tariff.
treasury
In this policy I concur.
Tomato Plant As Sherlock Holmes, Aids
In Safeguarding Denizens of Plant World
. » 1 " '
*
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ILLUMINATING gas. a deadly foe
* of the plant world, that kills
ds of specimens yearly at
of millions of dollars to
ualan
Lola
T
tho
a 1
IturlsU, may meet Its Water
the hands of the bumble
tomato plant No longer can the
insidious gas continue to spread
through the green house from some
leak
hortl
v
loo
;
main and overpower
ng plants. If they are safe
guarded by tho ordinary tomato
plant! In the role of watchman.
gas
gro
It bas been found by Doctor Wil
liam j Crocker. Director of the
Thompson Institute for
Plant Research at Yonkers. New
York, that a vigorous young tomato
plant grown In the warmer green
houses, will give advance warning
.of a gas leakage, as It will turn
back Its leaves when as little as
art of gas to 200,000 parts of
present, and the more vigor
Boyi
one
air
ous Ithe plant the quluket it will
reacf and give warning
bean plant Is still more sensit 1
than the tomato, responding to one
parti In 400,000, but the tomato
would prevent Injury to all ot ih<
commercial plants
The caster
Vl>
US LI
Opvlously. 11 would be wist- to
keefli a corps of these gas d«-i
on hand In the fall and winter and
turn them loose In the greenhouse
If s|uch unexplained Injury
plants or check In growth appears
Tpe home folks may take warn
Ing qoo The drooping of cu: (low
ers 'and the unexplained failure
thellenderly cared for window box
IM't I V »*«
lo the
T
FOUR PROPOSALS AGREED ON TO BE
WRITTEN INTO NEW FARM RELIEF BILL
*
three national organiza
T pLPs A FOR E THF™lASu r RE , '
PLES FOR THE MEASURE
Washington, April 14.—Three na- 1
tional firm organizations that long 1
have beén in disagreement over farm
relief proposals united this week in
laying before the house agriculture
committee four principles they believe
should b|c written into the new agri- ■
The proposal made public by Chair-1
man Haugen of the committee was in ;
the fornji of a letter signed by C. E. |
Huff, president of the Farmres Edu- i
cational and Co-operative union; L.
J. Taber, mastei of the National
Grange, and S. H. Thompson, presi- j
dent of | the American Farm Bureau
federation. :
The three declared that any legis- ■
lation which stopped short of secur- j
ing an American price for the farm- '
ers' prodcuts in order to maintain an
Américain standard of living "will not
suffice.'1
"There are, in our opinion," they
added, "four requisites which must be
met by any legislation to permit it to
qualify toroperly as farm relief."
These, requisites were a system to :
make the tariff effective on all crops
so thati surpluses would not depress
the domestic market to world prices;
provision for the control and disposi
tion of [surpluses; a plan which auto
matically would check over production
and farmer ownership and control of[H
cultural measure.
marketing organization with due con
j sideratipn to co-operative already |
ta r llSh ^j : 4 .- lu -j lu
In addition, they said, the congress
should piake tariff adjustments at the
es
special session to keep foreign pro
ducts from competing in the domestic
, ... . ,
Meantime, a subcommittee in the
house , tm ' worked at the task of
drafting the measure. The senate ag
riculture committee also went over
th . e v aiîious proposals that have been
SrtLTS! a ia*er S
| next week,
ed
to
14 PER CENT RAISE
IN PREMIUM RATE
Employers are being advised from
Helena that premium rates on com
pensation under the state plan will be
raised July 1, to take care of increase
of workmen's compensation authoriz
ed by the amended law passed at the
last legislature. Insurance companies
are contemplating a raise of rates by
14 perl cent, according to Secretary
Watts of the state industrial accident
board at the capital.
The last several months have wit
nessedl an increase in accidents, ac
cording to the secretary who said that i
claims; since July 1, total 500. The |
chanei in the law pertains only to |
. married men, the compensation having
been increased from 50 to 66 2-3% of
his wages on a graduated sc^Je de- j
Pending upon the number of dtpend-,
ent s« The maximum compensation
1 Ä ££d
I f or IVJLa men was reduced to sev
en dïïîL
ïn ca=e a single man has depend
^ j
1
a
!
1
am*?
3$
SBLsZä I
m
k £
ym
I
mt
: :>:S
■ ,
V
, I
mum
'■& y.
ml
li
■
1
IP
WjgM
p|!||
- -y :
Above
' tinkers, Vow
| >oung tomato plant b«'f«re test,
oilier plants
(top) The Boyce Thompson
York where tests
1
gas in i be air
sm- Ii it
may be due lo
though \<ui
N.-it
•h«-ui
union
a iiimt
H
•- I ml
ti* -
ii. Ii-t- I i i t
nor
It.
ana
a I a ;
'■ iii
'ii sur
11
M-n I
u h I r\
I»
pm mmi
2mi tun
plants
with only one
gas lo 40 thousand of air
of lilies are stunted,
acacias and roses shed their leaves
,■ I >i i callisl
lie
I SII.» d
1 S
wUï
ini
h l.'S
IM
■tinst f *. ;j
1 «min ' ti
i.< lo
s.-ri.sitive
the low «-si stMi.g'h that
will in Injure Hie
Carnations
most
will go to sleep
part of illuminating
Raster
and
age rat un is
FROID, CULBERTSON
UNABLE TO ATTEND
SCHOLARSHIP MEET
--—
Bainville, April 15.—The annual in
tercholastic contest, which was to
have been held here this year, has
been called off due to the fact that
two schools, Froid and Culbertson,
would be unable to attend.
The meet has been a triangular one
heretofore but when Froid announced
three weeks ago that it could not!
attend this year a dual contest with
Culbertson was planned. Recent in-1
fondation from that high school, how
ever, advises that because of many
other outside activities which take
place about thp same time, Culbertson
will be unable to take part. A con- i
test will be held at Bainville and the
three winning papers in each subject
will be sent to the state contest in
Bozeman.
dent of the Montana State college,!
Bozeman; Herbert M. Peet, éditer of
the Great Falls Tribune; Judge S. D.
McKinnon of Miles City, Judge ^ John
ure y Glasgow, and Judge George;
B. Winston of Anaconda, are members
cf the state commission to study
1
NAME MEMBERS
TO CRIME BOARD
Helena.—Alfred Atkinson, presi
crime in Montana and to reports its
findings and recommendations to the
1931 legislature.
The first two named were appoint
by Governor Erickson and the last
three by Chief Justice Callaway as
provided by a bill enacted by the hist
legislature. The commission is in
structed to study procedure of -crim
inal law, orosecution and trials and
draft bills if necessary to obtain
desired changes. Expenses for travel
and clerical help is allowed.
French Co-op Stores
Quadruple Business Since
Close of World War
Washington —(FP)— Co-operative
stores form the biggest mercantile
chain in France, having reached a to
tal number of 7,500 at the end of
1928, or four times as many stores
before the war. Their business has
doubled since 1920. These facts are
presented by U. S. Trade Commission
W, L. Finger, at Paris, in an ar
tide on the chain store movement
France, published in Commerce Re
ports for Feb. 4.
"The number of stockholders
Ambers participating in these co
operative stores," says Finger, "is es
timately at about 3,500,000 and the
annual volume of business is put
3.500,000,000 francs,
"There is keen competition between
the co-operative stores and the ordi
nary chain stores dealing in food
stuffs and dry goods. The regular
chains advertise more extensively and
probably use more efficient merchan
dizing methods, but the general idea
makes a strong appeal to the working
class "
There are 50 district associations
ÄÄ P=s
are harmed.
Institute for Plant Research ai
were checked. Below (left) A healthj
Right: After the gas test before
show the leaves turned back
or
ward
Plainly Illuminating gas has nC
place in a greenhouse.
though we know this It does not
for gus mains even
But even
menu surety,
as far as 2.000 feel away have been
known lo leak, and the gas tc
under a frozen crust ol
possible
spread
earth and seep Into a greenhouse,
Recent damages from this source
have varied from ten lo a hundred
and fifty thousand dollars. Obvi
ously the greenhbuse man should
locale as tar from gas mains a«
and forming the link between the lo
cal stores and the national wholesale ;
federation. The largest district as- j
sociation is that of Nancy, which does
an annual business of $8,000,000 for
its 56,000 members. Paris, with 70,
000 members handled $6,000,000 a
y ear>
The French government encourages
the co-operatives by putting at their
disposal a fund of 10,000,000 francs
for loans. The co-operative associa
lions are also exempt from payment
of the surtax on corporations having
an annual turnover of more than 1,
000,000 francs. This tax is collected
from the private chain stores.
-
Ronal—Lake County Wool Grow
ers' Association form pool to market
j
|
|
Use
PRODUCERS NEWS
I Legal Forms
WHEN YOU
DRAW A CONTRACT
GIVE A MORTGAGE
MAKE A DEED
FORM A CORPORATION
ENTER A PARTNERSHIP
RENT YOUR HOUSE
LET YOUR LAND
SELL YOUR CAR
GO THROUGH BANKRUPTCY
OR HAVE ANY OTHER
KIND OF LEGAL WORK TO
j
I
j
j
j
in
or
Among the Blank LeggJ Forms for Sale at the offit*
at
of the Producers News are:
Seed Lien
Threshing Lien
Satisfaction of Lien
Proof of Claim
Power of Attorney
Articles of Incorporation
Bond
Notice to Omit
Contract for Deed
Satisfaction of Mortgage
Warranty Deed
Quitclaim Deed
Farm Rentrai Contract
Contract, Upon Shares
General Lease
Chattel Mortgage
Option Contract
Bill of Sale
Co-op. Contract
Assignment of MortEaf*
Lease, Landlord and Tenan
Sets of Bankrutcy
And Other Legal Form*
CALL OR WRITE TO THE
PRODUCERS NEWS
NEW MACHINE TO
SALVAGE STRAW
Thomas Campbell Finds Con
traption in Germany an j
Will Give It Test.
Hardin, April 22.—Thomas n
Campbell, head of the Campbell F«
ming corporation, opertaing the w'
est wheat farm in the world on th
Crow reservation near this city be
lieves that through the use of à fl« I
drying retting machine, which he con
tracted for in Germany during hi«
recent trip to Europe in the role of
agricultural adviser to the Russian
government, American farmers may
be able to salvage from $10 to $12 [\
ton from flax straw that is now burn
ed or wasted.
The machine, using one half cotton
and one-half flax straw or hemp, pm.
duces p, cloth, which, Mr. Campbell
says, will wear better than cotton and
take any dye, and at much less cost
Mr. Campbell believes that the flax
fiber made from this machine, mixed
with low grade short staple cotton
will produce a cheap strong fiber
which would replace all of the import
ed jute which is used in the United
States each year.
"This machine is not new and they
have been making fabric in Germany
with it for several years," said Mr,
Campbell. "We have arranged t«
have one of the machines shipped here
this summer and expect to sell the
fiber manufactured to the Germât
firm at a price to net us $10 or $12 s
ton. The machine is very simple and
will not cost in excess of $3,000. IVe
intend to give it a thorough test this
season.
Asked if the fiber could be used it
the manufacture of binding twine, Mr,
Campbell replied that he was not so
sure that it could. "Several million
dollars have been spent in a very sci
entific manner trying to manufactun
binding twine from flax straw," said
he. "That," he added, "is not a mat
ter of importance, however, as vift
the advent of the combine harvester,
binding twine is practically a thin|
of the past.
MONTANA SCHOW
Helena. -— Montana has * ■
school children, according to
Elizabeth Ireland, state superintend
ent of public instruction, and sooi
this army of students will leave thei
books and classrooms for the anna
vacation. Soon examinations for tn
second term of school will be giver
Tber . e wl11 b . e a the
that wul close lat P » .
are not many, especially_ since M
of the districts in po u 1 .
dition nenow allowed F
longer, with distribution n
mon school equalization u
cember.
During the present s
there have been enrolled in pu*
schools of the state 95,740 gu*
school s udents and 22 232 pupils W
been attending hi •» schools.
in v