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- -varttff'wrasl1'5' 'f-i,'?-;' ' - -''----j'!'':t " jSt-" tc -" ,05, T'O'''""" . i-f js iri, : -. t,vsS-, , vasi-i!.?t i,3,-'(PwiTt "t'"i' TJfsf--$'wTOVMflr-J. ' THK TIMES, 'WASHINGTON.' SUNDAY, DECEMBER 4. 1898. 17 3-. J. "In the Forbidden Land." Some months ago the English-speaking world was horrified by thc news that an English cxplorerv Henry Savase Landor. had been cruelly tortured and all but murdered by the. inhabitants of Tibet, uid It was added that Mr. Lander was the only white man who bad ever vijlted tho part of the country In which he was captured and lived to tell the ta e. The story of his exploration?, sufferings and .final escape Is now told In a book, IIlus- trated from drawings and photographs made by the explorer himself. The book , is in two large volumes, and will prove extremely interesting to all who enjoy! tales of adventure. Nine out of ten of those who read the newspapcr accounts of Sir. Landors per- I Hous Journey probably asked what was the object of It. AVhy should a cUl'ized man, of education and position as well as a moderate- fortune. want to Ieaio civilization behind him and brave .starvation, death and agonies worse than death In order to examine a most unat- I tractive countrj- Inhabited by repulsive a Journey of lifteen days to , Taklakot. 1 ... . ..u , r, I where-Dr. Wl'son was, and re'eased. His and savage people? Why should he for- re,east. Wll3ldll0 ,,,.. to thc fact that sake all the ordinary walks of life, and Dr wl!son and . lf tnc indan ofjl the opportunities for useful and benefl- . cIaJa ha(J heanJ of hU puy an1 mauc cent work, and so poking his nose Into a , effona Jn hfc beh ,f and , R woul(, territory where he emphatically was not g tQ the 5Upetltlons of hi3 captors. wuuuai. iiu .Yi.dc ,.ww, .... "" 1 to to? It docs not Ttppear that he ex- lectrd to benelit the inhabitants or hlm telf In any material way. There Is noth ing in Tibet worth taking, so far as any one knows,-and although life among some savages may have a w lid charm attract ive to an adventurous and unconvention al man. it does not appear that the Tibe tans were that sort of savage. Aitoireth--cr, it will be a mystery forever to most people why Mr. Landor c-.er undertook the journey which so nearly caused his death. The explanation lies just here: It Is the nature gf the Englishman to jCxplore strange countries. Like the mongoose of India net has as his family motto, "Run and llnd out," and while therfe is, of course, a large? conservative class In Eng land which is rooted fast to tlie soil of the old country, there Is in most of these conservative families at least one person in whom the old Viking instinct for dis covery and adventure crops out and sends ClUUtC .UJh) JU L U,l. ll.3 i him living to the ends of the earth. It ho U .", r-srisant hn iroes Into one of the . regimen: ordered to India or South , Africa, or takes passage for Australia, to , becom a bush-farmer in that new conti- nent; if he belongs to the middle class he ias a commission in the army, or a post ' in the Indian civil service. or takes his pa- ; rrlmony and goes to spend It in seeing out I of the way corncri, of the world. These men are the advance guard of England s ( fl'f v.4llSS4Vlst U ;fa0 wB v-j their lives and their strength with the recklessness of the true prodigal, and Eometimes "they make records of what happens to Uicm, and maps o the coun try they have traversed, and sometimes they do not: but at all events they blaze the way for the next Englishman who travels that road. It Is this same Vlkln; Instinct -n hich has helped to people the -e, c.n1na i L,. i oe -i -Western States in our countrj'; but, as a mere love of adventure. He has faome thln? to gain. Either he believes that there is gold in the country he explores, or he is hunting rare specimens of plant or animal life, or he is on a mission, or he means to write a book or go on the lecture platform. At bottom his motive Is the same old "Wanderlust," but he has usually an apparent object, that his countrymen- may not be scandalized by tho spectacle of an American spending his life in fruitless meandtrings- over the surface of the globe. There has teen so great a need for this type of man in our own country, to do the useful and necessary work of build ing railroads and towns, fighting Indi ans, and mining gold and silver,, and we have so few young men with an assured income, like that of the English younger son an income which can be spent each vcar with the comfortable security tliat more will be forthcoming next year that we have not developed the gentleman-ad-i venturer of the Landor type in any great j numbers. And thus the oddest thing which strikes an American in reading this book "In the Forbidden Land,' Is the apparent lack of object in the hero's travels. Determination he has In abund- atice: courage, pluck, endurance, re- rrcefulness. scientific knowledge, pa- tience, tact, wisdom In dealing with men; and he willingly spends himself for what might almost seem a mere whim the purpose to go where no white man has ever- been before. to see what no civilized man has ever seen. He may have been the un- J conscious instrument in some misniy plan, but he docs not know or care for that. Ills sole satisfaction is in thc ac complishment of what he has set himself to do. The geographical results of his ex-IK-diUon, as recounted by himself, are as follows: The Foluticn of the uncertainty regarding the division of J.hc Mansarowar and Rakastal LaVes; The accent to so great an altitude as 22,000 feet, and the pictures of tome of the great Himalayan glaciers; The vult to and the fixing cf the position of the two principal sources of the Brahnuputrs, never lefore reached by z European. The fact that with only two men I was able to traiel fo long in the most populated part of Tibet. To the general public this will seem but a small reward for thc sufferings and ex ertions of such a journey. But after all. In the ordinary life of commerce, lives are spent dally for mere petty, personal ends, .n fme T5 ,VaieV T" caca' l V. i i -, ..iif AarrrJ. 1 able to learn from the Tibetans the reason for which advance not in the smallest degree lheir amMemcnt. My fingerg happen to web. the interests of civilization, and perhaps I - nlher hif,heT than muai( and tlus mosl give no more real satisfaction to the I highly thought of in Tibet. He who possesses worker than Mr. Landor gains from such fingers ha?, according to the Tibetan, a knowing that he Is the only European charmed life, and no matter how much one tries, who ever saw the source of the Brahma- " harm can be done to hira. The .,.., -m, vmw ini i -haoii,,. I Pombo ordered that my life should be spared, initra. The Viking; Instinct Is healthy and that , ihoM on tt d sUrt anU brave, and saves n. nation from he- return jourr.ey toward thc Indian frontier. He coming decrepit arra slussish. It Is the took from mj-oun mon-r one hundred and twen outcome of a stronff and fearless life, -ty rupees, which he placed in my pocket for And that is the real reason -nhj-, by their my wants during the jonrrcy, and commanded comfortable firesides, men will lay aside . that though I most be Upt chained up, 1 their newspaper and their magazine to J LZnXcTlc.n'Xn ab road this story of adxenture. It stirs from lnd our clothes were in mr Sid" warm". some responsive feeling In the heart of jng with reraun. We were barefooted and prac erery normal human being;, and one tically naked. Thc firrt few dars we Kenerally catches something; of the explorer's own ' marched irom before Eunne till sometimes an enthusiasm Jn reading Its paces, and , hour or 1'0 att" ""get, and when we reached feels, as a boy doe, that he would like to ZJS?&'AS initio" be the partaker of just such dangers. to thov we alrrady had round our -"'".bS The other curious thing about the story ins considered quite safe, we were left to sleep I he "tr"-,innry strength ot mind i out in thc open without a coTennjr o! mr kind. mnd mental poise which its author seems lu !.,. ,..t.itKi in ail his miseries. He remembers clearly all the details of feccnes which would have drivenmost men to insanity; and less than a year after his harrowing experience can command his brain and hand to write and illustrate this history of his travels. lie dfies not scruple to point out the merit of his own achievements here and there, but It is In a curiously impersonal way, as he might tell of the deeds of a companion. These two characteristics in thc author willingness to lay down his life for the sake ot adding a grain or so to the sum ot human knowledge, and a phenomenal wwcr of clear thought under unusual sufferings distinguish the book from hundreds of other books of adventure. Aside from the personality ot the author, the chief value of the work is in its ex act and minute description of the customs, characteristics, and appearanco ot the tribes amoirg whom the traveler went, and of the nature of the land in south eastern Tibet. Starting from Nalnt Tal. that hill station in the lower Himalayas which lias become familiar to us through stories of Indian life. Mr. "Candor went Into Tibet with thirty men, accompan ied for a short distance by Dr. Harkua IVKfon. After five days twenty-one of the men left him, and he wcrl on wnli the remainder, rive more men. who nf terv.nrd betrajed him. left him at Man sarownr Lake, and two rrora a few days liter. The last two ilesc-te s car IsI It met of the provisions. Tae only reninl 1- ' Ins members of the party were now M-. Landor, a bearer named Chandcr Sing, and a coolie, named Hart Sins, who vr.' ckve'oplrs' Jeprosy. Passlrg ovr th mountains by-way of the Mclam I"ass ' the baggage being eanlsd b means of yaks, the party followed the coursi 01 me Brahmaputra, until they reached the Ne Tsamho, in which oi.e of the aks w ns lost, carrying with It all ths provisions, we clothes and shoe, s me money, -ma Tey rcacnl Toxem In a state of sUr- vatIoI1- !jut Mr. Landor was still deter- mined to bo oii. Toxem consisted of one mud house and e.'ehty tents. The inhab itants seemed friendly, but. there pres ently arrived a body of 0 soldiers with rifles, with several high Lamas and oth rr officials, .tinl a court wuj held in a tent. After being maltreated In various waja Mr, Landor was taken to G.ilshlo and further tortured. He was finally lax. who nnnnr tn ham rnnclurteil th.it their victim bore a charmed life. They might be pardoned for this belief, for the ordi nary man would certainly have succumb, ed to ths treatment they gave this indom itable Englishman. They eeem to have attempted to put out his eyes by holding a red-hot bar of iron in front of them, but did not succeed' In wholly destroying his sight. Then a musket was placed against his forehead and discharged up ward. The explorer says that thi-, gave him "a severe fchock. though nothing worse." The next performance seems to lave been intended to break, down the self-control of the victim, and the way in which it is described Indicates with suf ficient clearness one reason why the sav ages thought they had gotten hold of some sort of superhuman being. Jlr. Landor says: The Pombo Ftized his Ion? two-handled sword 2nd came at me. He awung it from side to tide, all the time foaminir from nU month. This foami .IL IUC tllltc IV.IUMIH 1UU, , I1IU11W,. Jliia IH..IJ1. Ing, I believe; was produced artificially. lie then motioned to the man who all Ihu time lld me & 'J', X&Xl t rhm i-oniu, ,0ched my neck with the shirp Wade of liu rwerd as if to m-amre the distance for a clean, effective stroke. Tten he rai ed the erd and made a blow at me with all bis might. Tie sword passed disagreeably cW t ZXT.ol , Ire3 hira ,soinncli that he ecmed reluetan' to continue "fs diatolical pM'ornrjnce; but the rv l mati USjlu IUIU 't -'J CJijUi btUttJMl and iociftrtoi-s shouts. Thereupon he urnt ihroush the tame performarce on the other eitle of my neck. Tl is time the bkde lussed so tiar that I felt that the blow had not bn more lhan half an inch from my neck. This terminated the swonl exercuc, much to the disgust of the Lamaf, who till continued to ure the suordiiaaa oa. Then tbty held an excited consultation. I have already (aid that my hands were manacled f7 f ta J0130 ftt . Bul at nlsMWI our captors increaed our torture by 5flinil,s our matled arms upward as hi?a as they could be forced, ard then fecured them ta an upright pole at the back. Tins caased very severe win, training the spine in an inciedihlo way. During the night, while the guards were asleep, Air. .Landor succeeded in slipping one of his hands out of the handcuff? and unfastening the feet of his servant, after which he slipped his hand baclc inside the handcuffs. The servant made an In cautious movement, which set the dogs to barking and awakened the guards, anil when they found their captive partly un bound their astonishment may be Imag ined. Tor twenty-four hours the prisoners were kept in a pouring rain and benumb ing cold, tied up In this fashion. On thc following day an attempt was made vvitlw out success to poison Mr. Landor. After this there appears to have "been some doubt in the minds of the officials as to the nature of their captive. The story of his final escape from death is thus told by the explorer: In tho mornina; indecision again prevailed as to what was to lie done with iw. A njmber of Lamas were still anxious to 1 ave us b'headed. whereaj the Pombo and the others had the picv. ious night almost decided to send m hack to the frontier. Unfortunately it appear-, that the I'orabo had seen a nion during the night in wlich a mt told him that If lie did not kill bTcKtnc KeMM' I man) ihe m u veported to have said, "and n0 one will punah tou if jou do. The 1'lcniU ' are afraid to Ssl)t the. Tibetans." Among the Lamas no important step is taken ' without incantations and a reference to occult science, so the rombo ordered a Lama to cut off a lock of my hair, which he did with a veiy blunt kniie, and then the rombo rode up with it in his hand to the Lamaer to consult thc ora rlp The loci was handed in for inxction. and it seems that after certain incantations, then oracle acsvered tlut I must be beheaded or the country wcnld be in great danger. The Pombo rode back apparently di-appomted, and now ordered that one of my toenails should be cut; after which operation, performed witn the same blunt knife, the oracle was again consulted as to what should be done, and unhappily gave the same answer. Three mch consultations are usually held by the high court of thc assembled Lamas, the Tibetan on the third occasion producing for the oracle'& decision a piece of fingernail. The Lama who was about to cut thU off examined my hands behind and spread my fingers apart, ex pressing great surprise and atcni3hment. In a moment all the Lama? and soldiers came around and examined my manacled hands a repetition of rr.$ experience at the Tucfccr Jlonastery. The Pombo, too, on being informed, imnediatelr came and inspected my fingers, and the proceed ing were at once stopped. -aim uii-u ijiujs oh aiiuwr r aeiUSjeu with rain. iicipea oy mr two serrants, who sat by me to keep watch and to screen me, I managed, at considerable risk, to keep a rough record of my journey back, on a small piece of paper that had remained in my pociet when I had been searched by the Tibetans. As I did when on the rack, I used to dra my right hand out of its cufl, and with a small piece of hone I, had picked up as pen, and my blood aa Ink, I drew briel cipher notes, and a mip ot the whole route back Necessarily, as I Jiad no instruments wirh whkli to take careful observations, I had to ccnfnt my self by takinjr mv bcarinss by the snn, thc po sition of which I got fairly accurately by con stantly watching the shadow projected by my body tn the ground. Of course, when it rained or sr.OJed I was altogether at a loss, and had to reckon my bearings by the observations of the previous day. A facsimile of this cipher map Is given. Certainly thc picture of this indomitable man making notes of his journey under such circumstances as the foregoing Is as marvelous as any Imagination of Rider Haggard. It is only another Illustration of that old saying about the comparative curiousness of truth and fiction. At one time la his captivity a kind hearted Tibetan offered Mr. Landor an opportunity to escape, but he refused to leave his two servants in the hands of their tormentors, and the opportunity was lost. Had ha taken advantage of this chance ho would doubtless have been spared the worst part of hts tortures. This incident explains, the absolute de votion which the two companions of his woes. Chancier Sing and Jlan Sing, show ed throughout the whole experience. They suffered nearly ns much as ho did, but seem to have refused all Inducements to nay anything whltfh could make their mas ter's case worse than it was. After the fifteen days' journey back to the borders of civilization, Mr. Landor was taken In tharge by his friend. Dr. Wilson, nnd giadually nursed back to comparative health and strength. Near the end of the book photographs- of the author In April and October of the year 1597 are shown. Thcru fs an apparent difference of twenty live" earn between the two pictures. The tlrst is thc picture of a man ordinarily good lookli.g, with a firm mouth and chin, rromlr.eul nose and rather keen eyes just such a face .as ono might pass any day In tlw street. Tho second is drawn, lined, haggard, and looks as if it might be the portrait of the first person's grandfather. The change was wrought in les3 than six months practically In thirty-six hours; in fact, the thirty-six hours in which Mr. Landor was fastened to thc rack, after it's other harrowing experiences. , What was the object of the Tibetans in subjecting their captive to these cru elties Is not aulte certain. There was a time when tho readers of such a book as this would never think of asking that question. It was taken for granted that all savages were more or less possessed of the devil, and Instigated by him to tor ment any representatives of a Christian nation who fell Into their hands. The haples settlers who fell Into thc hands of the Iroquota and Sioux in the earl days of our nation might have been excused for holding this opinion. Among Indian tribes the practice of torturing prisoners seems to be the outgrowth ol the same Impulse which leads boys to torment frogs and flies. The Indian pris oner expected it. and was proud of the endurance- which this custom enabled him to s'how. In Europe the torture was us ually practiced 'with the excuse that the victim could thereby be made to do some-' thing or other which he was wanted to do usually he was wanted to give Informa tion useful to hla captors. Neither of these motives will account for the way in which the Tibetans treated Mr. Landor. The probability Is that some ancient tra dition, having Its root in self-preservation, makes the soil of Tibet holy ground. Some ancient ruler, desirous of protecting hs country from foreign Invasion, and seeing that the entrance of even a peace ful foreigner might lead la the extinction or servitude of the Inhabitants, probably 1 made thi rule against their- adm'sslon. i and saw that it was kept- Civilized na- tions allow foreigners peacefully Ircllncd J to live within their borders. They resUt Invasion only when the strangers come In considerable numbers and with evident Inxtlle Intent. 1'iese Asiatics, on Ihe contrary, having grasped the idea that Tlbt is for thc Tibetans, carry it to an extreme and endeavor to prevent, the entrance of even a ffngle for eigner. This h'ea seems toit'e moro or less prevfjnt In the Orient- It will be found in Ckina, In Korea. In Japan, and in Itusste. which is half Oriental, It did at one time prevail in England, but that was 250 ears ago. Cnder the sway of this Idea, therefore, the Tibetans seem to have hesitated between torturing their prisoner and leltlng him go. or killing him after tliA tns4itA nn1 m 1 1 n -r-r I sn tlift tsASi n s? Iild ' l,47 - tuir; 4iii j uii'jn " Utr : t ut ill' j death to leak out to scare other English' men a way-. It is not probable that they pursued thl3 course merely from super ntHIous regard for the holiness of their country; at least one does not sain that Impression from Mr. Land or 's account of them and their doings. The religion pre vailing In the country sems to he a de based form of Buddhism, modi tied to a ery considerable extent by tho national character and the poverty of the land. The barren soil and Inclement weather t inch; hi wings going so titt that they are mtrelr arw unfaiorable to that ea of living tuft of fog Vet eoroon as he uanU to go some--B-hlch develops civilization, and the Tibe- ,aherer the same force that hold him impended tans, probably of no ery ably of no ery hiBh character In the beginning, seem ti hae degen erated Into a peculiarly vicious type, half Mongolian, half mongrel. The scarcity of women in the nation makes polyandry a necessity, and the excessive use of tea further contributes to degeneracy. There are traces here and there of an ancient national character which may have- had its fine points, but the race is certainly at the present time one of the most, marked, examples of degeneracy on earth. (New York: Harper & Bros ) "II r. Dooley." Jlr. "Martin Dooley, whose philosophical contributions to the Chicago EenliiB Journal hae added so much to the gac ty of nations during the past eIx months, has appeared In book form nt last and taken his place with some of the best cre ations of the latter-day American hu morists. Mr. Dooley is no stranger to the readers of The Times, but it Is Impossi ble that they can know hira thoroughly until they hae perused his collected writ ings as published by Small, "Majnard & Co., Boston, under the title of "Sir. Doo ley in Peace and in "iVar" and they are strongly adlsed to do so. There Is not a dull line In the volume and every one of the forty-nine sketches sparkles with the purest wit and Is redolent of thc strongest common sense and the most unctuous and a!I-pervadlns K05d humor. "Admiral Dewey's ActK Irj "' is a master piece and the little esavs on "The Philip pines," "The Strategy Board," "The Pres ident's Cat," "The Victorian Ura," "Golf," and "The Dreyfus Case" are not to be matched for their penetration and caus tic statement of fact. Sir. Dooley is really Sir. "P. J. Dunne, tho managing editor of the Chicago Jour nal, though thc book Itself does not dis close this fact. Jlr. Dunne is modest but there Is no disguising lite work. He is the Celtic philosopher of the period and his position In humorous literature is se cure. Tno Books of IVntnre. "A World of Green Hills," by Bradford Torrey, Is a series of short essays some what in the stj le of John, Burroughs, de scribing the author's walks abroad in the Interests of ornithology. These walks were taken In North Carolina and Vir ginia, and as the author Is a New En gland man, he looks at the wild life of this region with a fresh and viiid inter est. There is much In these pages which will prove Interesting to lovers of birds and wild flowers, especially in this part of the country. It would be an Interesting- experiment for any student of nature to go over a part or all of the ground traversed by Mr. Torrey, write his expe riences, and compare them with this lit tle book. It is not all about flowers and birds, for here and there the characteris tics of the people dw elling In lonely coun try places are touched upon, always with a gentle and kindly hand. .There is rath er too much of the first personal pronoun In the book for perfect literary style, but after all, the charm of the essas is that they are ery much like a personal let ter from a friend, and one does not write such letters with a premeditated purp:sj of leaving- out the "I's." Another defect In the book, from a scientific point of view. Is that the author does not seem to have explored his own State, Massa chusetts, very thoroughly before earning South. In scleral Instances he mentions some flower or fern as being entirely new to him, though It exists In the herbariums of many New England botanists and in the recesses of New England woods. For Instance, he speaks of finding- cancer root (Conopholls) In the neighborhood ot Nat ural Bridge, Virginia, and says that he had never seen It before. Now, this plant, sometimes called squaw-root, is to ha found in the mountains of "Western Massachusetts, In the same paper he speaks of having searched all over New Errgland for the purple-stemmed cliff brake, (Pellaea atropurpurea) which may also be gathered, -with the "Walking Fern, about 30 nrllcs from Springfield. However, the products of any single State in the Union, from a botanist's point of "view, are so numerous that It is hardly fair to expect any one botanist to know them all, and Mr. Torrey makes no claim to being an erudite scientist. His province Is that of making botany and ornithology fascinating to people who are not scien tists, and in this he succeeds admirably. "A World of Green Hills" may be put on the samo shelf with the works of Bur roughs, Olive Thome Miller, Thoreau, and other charming writers of tho ways of nature. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Washington: Ballantyne.) "Do-Nothing Days," by Charles M. Skinner, is a book about the same size as that of Mr, Torrey, and o somewhat the samo character. It, is not composed en tirely of essays on nature, but the ma jority of the chapters do.il with birds, Howcr3 and atmosphere. It is not scien tific In the least, but makes some small pretensions to being' philosophical. The writer seems to have absorbed some of the thought of the Concord transcendent alists, some of Th'oreau's nature-worship, and some of thef whimsical humor of Je rome Jercme, and he mixes them all up together in a way that makes good read ing for an Idle hour, and Is healtliy and refreshing In tone. Tho hook atlerts one like the desultory talk of a very bright and unconventional man. The text of tho book U on tho Very first page: American ought to lava a wholesome Iailnes preached to them, after .three centime of urx trg to gain and ork, and sereral patriotic clti Een make example ot thcimelires, for the poli tic benefit, by refraining from toil. I diouU not wonder it I could learn'to be one rnyeelf. Every p.iu conjoins some b;t cf humor or some careless epigram, droppeJ by ths wayside, us It were. Just as it happesei to fall into shape. Here aro a. lex of them: You know people, I'll he bouril, who would tie pink ribbons to tie elouil., if they could, and pin tidies to the breaVeri. Then they would ay, "There! Xovrthej'Te worth looking- at." If Secretes had lired at the Piraeus ard tad been obliged to catch the stage for Athene every, morning, and if Plato lad tailed hla steak while watLhing hi ilepsydra to u that he uaa not late at the cthee, ne should hire tad two rdiloso phen the let. In churrhTarda I often fanry that I ran read betwern ihe hnf4 of pral3n rraYtone?. state ments like thi;: "Jons Muilirein wanted to he a millionaire Cou'dn't. !ro ierc be It." If toil Utk woodcraft, mabe )otl think tlut animals lack streetcraft. Humph! Kver tr to lose a cat? A habit contracted eaiii in hf? of not having money enough has stuck h. me ever since. Thero Is an essay on the Great Ameri can Derert which contains a nasi worth Uollng. though It may not be new. It Is the Information placarded in a hotel In one ot the Western States. The hotel had two rooms, one the office and one the guest chamber. The placard read in part as follows: Corner front ro.uet up onlv one flight, for ererr gurrt, IlatlM, aav, hot and cold wale . tele graph, restaurant, fire alarm, barroom, billiard table. d2l!y-pai.ers. coupe, sewing machine, and grand piano in every room- jfeals every li.lnute. Waiters of any nationality and coIo- desired. Washing allowed in pems, and ladies giving an order to "Put me on a llatiron" will be put en. one A discreet waiter who bt'ongs to the Mascns. Knights of Pytbia, and was never tnown to even tell thc tune, has been empIord to carry milL punrhes tv !ad&' rooms. The office clerk can play poker, mate1! worsteds. shake for dunks, play billiard', waltz, amuse children, fort, room foity rcple In the best rocm. and answer que-tions in Uehrew, Creik. Choctaw, cr IrUh. rAoa fa-ar 4 - nfa Iv-tf 1a t . fr l1-t v-rAlt l-tr-a, """ou im .v-" iiiuivuiv "utj nt tti-c quality of the whimsical and rather flip pant humor of the book. hat the au thor can do In the line of serious writing may be shown In this paragraph: The day i tright and swett, and tLe iir, 33 vol! as the cittb, is teeming. oofct Here H a fellow that you know. Vcu hare already met this bee like fly wbo eta nils In the air before jou and inspects your buttons, wondering which of them has honey. Hr fs to me one of the mira cles. IIo does he do it? He stays in one ?pot, in.t tdvarcing or r-cLng, ruing cr felling, an ? ifi "I. " C?5J?A "LeJS denest creatures that crtr was. birds, except the hnmmlnfr bird, canint do this. They can open their wimrs and slide sublimely eagles can up agalnt a head wind, bat they cannot remain in thc air irr one place. As to men pocht Where is the acrobat who will run thirty sttps a second and keep on eaacUy the samp bit ot tt?pr! JlThere is the sSfimrnrr who will make wither headway nor leeway with n like frernry of action! But this rlr is in no frenzy lie W-o. calm outli. in spite of his quickness. I. imagine ho has judgment, l'robably lie has evolved this knack of running with all his might and -sticking to one spot while he is doins; it. as a result of havintr been trapped In the juice oi flowerb. IJy standing in the air just out-ide he can drink on the wing. And this: Art has tin adrantage over nature, that hard ly anybody cares to measure- it, weigh lt,Jtest it for acid and alkahescr nnll it to pieces to see what It is made of. Lire uith nature and lote it. j as if It wc-e art. Can't youf Kxact knowledge is a goou iKKsgrounu, our. it is sympathy that makes a subject lire. Take your opera glass with you to the roof, and your ej.es, too, but do not forget jour heart. "ight on the housetop frees the way to a soli tude that car be tcrrifting; and as your mind swims awaj- through the star frosted deeps, ycu check it. now and again, with a gasp, and bring it back to earth, just as "jou clutch thc slirub- Dery wnen sou look down into a Western canon, lest your bodj make excursions to Ihe bottom likewise. This earth Is a bubble of cooling Iara circling its parent run; tho (un is one luminous urop in a r.oci ot suns ttat we see as the MiilrV Way: that, again, is but an episode In the un thinkable vastnesses that extend beyond, be neath, around it. What then, are wef But be calm. ature is so. He at one with it. In the multitude of lights out there, not one is vary ing from its course, net one alters or hastens, seldc-n does one brighten or grow dullr therefore know- that we are sheltered and saved by law; that we are parts of an infinite order; and we dream that somenhero In the universe, who,e sun clouds roll about the throne oi it, dwell. Mind. This book is not a book that one cares to read more than pnee, unless it be to read it aloud to a friend. It Is a book to read In scraps to a friendly circle. In the long winter evenings or the drowsy sum mer afternoon. It is delightful for occa sional nibbles, and the very unevenness of the author's stjle gives it a certain piquancy. One never knows whether he is going to be flippant or bright, poetic or merely commonplace. On the whole the brightness outweighs the commonplace ness. (Philadelphia: J. B. Llppincott Company.) Minor Fiction. A phantom in a frog pond who after wards materializes as the heroine of the storj" and marries the hero; a collection of wild beasts floating In a deserted ship in mid-ocean under the command of an African lion, with a boa constrictor for mate and a monkey for lookout a verit able sea serpent, with a head like a dry goods box and a long, long tail, and a floating island, which appears to the ship wrecked hero and his sweetheart Just In time for them to discover an e!ghtj--ton schooner, new and fit and thoroughly pro visioned, waiting for them among the trees, are the novelties which Mr. Clark Russell offers iis readers in a late pro duction, which he calls "A Romance of a Midshipman." Of course, there are also the schoolboy who runs away to sea. and the dreamy lad who Is drowned, and the Stem ikipper, and the forward maiden and finally, after chapters of more or less Incoherent descriptive writing, the wreck, the reef, the tossing wares, the sea spume, the rum, the drunken sailors and the stanch quarter boat which performs the work of rescue but these things Mr. Russell's American readers have had over and over again in hl3 many previous w orks, so those who will buy the new one are advised to look out for the Hon. the phantom and the floating island. These should give them their monej-'s worth. It is a mistake to surjpose'or to say that Mr. Russell has written -himself out. He is simply writing himself all over again. (New Tork: Tt. F.enno &Co. JL23.) r. "The Scourge ot, Godj" by John Bloun delle Burton. Is what its subtitle Indicates, a romance of religious persecution. It is the storj- of a yoringj Englishman's ad ventures In France, whllher he has gone to secure an inheritance' He finds that the rightful heir has been driven out ot his position on account, of being a, Pro testant, and determines at all risks to Tlnd him and restorel'the money. This isv takes place at he beginning of the per secution of the Protestants at the insti gation of Madame do Maintenon. The in cidents arc taken from the history of that time, as are many of the characters. The story Is passably well told, but the dic tion of the author has one serious fault, which almost any schoolboy ought to be able to correct. He chops his sentences In two. leaving the last half without any predicate, and the effect Is far from pleas ing. One reads on page after page such writing as this: "It is incredible. Beyond all belief. "Vou do- not fear. Are content? "She was all I had to love. Almost the only thing on earth that lored me." Jlr. Burton would do well to study punc tuation. (New York: D. Appleton & Co ) "Grace O'Malley; Princess and Pirate." by Robert Machray, Is one of the histor ical novels which alt the hack-writers seem bound to be writings nowadays. It has one novelty about It; Jhe scene Is laid In Ireland In the Elizabethan age. the heroine being a sort of sea queen, daugh ter of an Irish chieftain. This material has not before been used, and it is use J with considerable skin. (New Yoikr Frederick A. Stokes Company.) "The Charming Sally" Is a. story for boys, by James Otis. It is laid In the year 1765. and has to do with the events Immediately preceding1 the Revolution, and particularly with the Stamp Act, Thc tale na mucn oi. miunnauun iwm mier- est and presents a stirring picture ot me sturdy American "Whigs standing for thetr rights against an unjust king. The booK Is well written and will pleae boys who like a tory. of adventure. (Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Washington: Brentano.) LITERARY NOTES. Current Literature for this month con tains a fine picture of Mrs. Julia.. Ward Howe ami several selections from her writings. The recent appearance of a book of po ems by Sam Walter Toss lias set people to inquiring who this clever newspaper poet may be. The Boston Transcript states that he was born In Candla, N. II., In 153S. and spent his buvhood days on a farm. He is a graduate of Brown University, and besides writing verses for the New York Sun. which has made his name known to the country at large, he has been an editorial writer on the Bos ton Globe, and also editor of tho Yankee Blade. It Is not a particularly easy thing to gain information abc-jt Mr. Foss, as he does not enjoy advertising hlmstSf, but these facta may be relied on. The career or the cheap novel during the last twenty-five jears. as recounted by Mr. John EUIerkln, Is worth attention. The Seaside Library, as many people will remember, began the publication of good novels 1 p.)per covers, magazine size, and generally very bad print. Then the Harpers took it up, and Issued thc Frank lin Square Library, pubtlrhlng Scott, Dickens, George Eliot and other stand ard authors in pamphlets of the same shape, but with excellent print and pa per. These sod for from 10 to S3 cents. and many readers of eager appetite for books but limited incomes began to feel that they really might have a library. It may be bjld without any hesitation that Harper's and Scrlbner's Magazines and the Franklin Square Library did more to raise the educational average in this countrj- from 1S73 to liw than all the colleges, un'iersltles and special training schools put together. They, wltn thc countrj- ncademj-, have made It possible, for the children ot thc farmer and the mechanic to know something of Mtera ture, art and science. The Franklin Square LCbrarj- was followed by other li braries of raper novels, and we have now the greatest reidlng public In America which has ever existed in the history of the world. M. F. Mansfield & Co. have a book in press-, by Robert Buchanan, called "The Reverend Annabel Lee: a Tale of Tomor row." It Is rather a tale of daj- after to morrow, for. It happens In the middle of tho twentj--flrst centurj". It is becoming so common for" writers who want to be original to date their novels two or three hundred jears ahead, that one is tempted to wish that there could be legislation on the subject. And, moreover, one can hardly expect originality from a man who cannot even Invent an unhackneyed name for his heroine. Dana, Estes & Co. have Just issued a biographj- of Charles Carleton Coffin, by William Elliot Griffi3, D. D. Ernest Seton Thompson has written a book entitled "Wild Animals I Have Known." published by Charles- Scrlbner's Sons. It is said to bo decidedly interest ing, and a refreshing change from the "Great Men I Have Known" publications. The Doubleday & McClure Company publish a new translation of a novel bj Maurus Jokal. The name of It Is "The Nameless Castle." It Is a story of the Hungarian army that was in the field against Napoleon In his campaign of 1S09. Guy Wetmore Carryl goes to Paris this month, ns the representative of Harper & Brothers. Rider Haggard seems to be going off on 'angents of late. His last book was about farming; and he has now written a storj on the vaccination question. Why can not Mr. Haggard go back to Africa and make his readers happy? lie might trj Australla, It Africa. Is worn out. "William Canton, author of "The Invisi ble Plajmate," has a new book- In press, "W. V.'s Golden Legend." Book Notes has been discussing the real meaning ot the word Philistine, as used in literary slang. The discussion Is apropos of that small periodical. The Philistine, whlcn was generallj- supposed to be a take-oft on the Chap Book, and tailed that contemporary, most dlsre-spectfullj-, the Chip Stunk. The te:ra comes, it appears, from Germans-, where the student calls the un-Bohemlan bur gher a "Phllisttr." But Jlr. Elb;rt Hub bard uses the term In the sense of rebel. He and his co-workers were pledged at the beginning to light the "tipstaffs ot letters" tooth and nail, and a'sssrt their own Individuality. There Is something quite lively and taking in this Idea. It appeals to most people, because almost all of us have been at some time in our lives rebels against the accepted scheme of things. But there Is one thing which some of the latter-day Philistines over look, and that is that, imperfect as the world may be, there is no need for them to kick over all the literary traditions at once. It is quite possible that every new writer has a message of his own to give to the world, and that It may conflict with some ot the established usages; but tliat is no sign that all the lawmakers of letters were wrong. The wiso youth will put into practice that good o'd American maxim: "Be sure j-qu are right, then go ahead." He will under stand that while he must thrash around somewhat madly In the waters ot, thought and expression before he learns to swim, and while he may develop an Individual stylo ot swimming in the proc ess, he must still be subject to certain great and Immutable laws. His head wilt always be heavier than his heels, and he will always get into trouble it he tries to fight the undertow. He wi'l be content to serve his apprenticeship, keeping his eyes and ears open to learn all he can of the -tricks of trade, and then he may, if tliere Is any originality In. him, really succeed In teaching his masters something-. He will find them at least as ready to learn as he was. for most old-timers in the world of work un derstand that there . are nlne-and-slxty ways of constructingtribal lays, or doln; anything else under the sun, from shoe making to preaching and every single one of them is right. CURRMT 7ERSE- To Inadore. Beneath the vine-clad earei. Whose r&adows fall before Thy lowly cottage door Under the lilac's tremulous leaves Within the snowy, clasped hand The purple flowers it bore Last ere, in dreams, I raw thee stand. Like queenly nymph from Fairyland, Enchantress of the flowery wand. Most beauteous-Jsadore! And when I bade the dream Upon thy spirit flee Thy violet eyes to4 me Upturned did orerflowkis seem With the deep, untold delight Of love's serenity; Thy tlas'ic brow like lilies white. And pale as the imperial N'lj-bt Upon her tirone with stars tx-diht, nthralld my soul to theel AM-Erer X behold Thy dwamy, nrrxionale eyes, Illue u the languid skies, ilucfr with tho sunsets irlnge of gold) How -str-irgtly clear tUas-Imige grow, And olden memories . Are started from their long repose. Like shadows on Ihe silent snows, hen suddenly the night wind blows Where quiet moonlight lies. Like music htard in ifreams, Lile strains ot harp unknown, Of birds fcreter flown Audible as the voice ot streams That murmurs in some, leafy dell, I bear tby gentlct tones; And slierce Cometh with her spell. Like that on which my tongue doth dwell, When tremulous in dreams I tell My love to thee alone. In every valley heard. Kloatirg from tree to tree. Lea. beautiful to me The muaic ot tse radiant bird. Than artless accents scch as thine, tthoce echoes never flee! Ah! htw for thy sweet voice I pine; For uttered in thy tones- lnign, (Enchantress!) this rude name of mine Doth seem a melody! Edgar Allan Toe. Before tlie- Hay. We walked at tie dawning, but we never saw the day; And we spoke our little prologue, but we never reached the plaj. Oh! our love was sweet and certain tdl gray Sorrow dropt the curtain. Ay, we v-atencd at thr dawning-, but we never miw the day. . There were Buds within our garden,, but they never came to flower; Tbere were birds among our bu'lies, but they only amr an hour. And we laughed to see the swallow, but the Summer did not follow; There were buds within our garden, but they never came to flower. "Ti a garment white ard silken, 'tis a while and misty veil; "Tjs a pair of little slir-pers O Jear love! so whue and f-aU. Is the manhood in my dying Hut I'm titt'cg here and crying 0r a garment and a lippr and a never-opened veil? Dear, the world is empty empty as the geidess gulden band. The token I had fingered and that never found your hand. They've been telling rce the story of an everlast ing glory; But you were the only preacher I co-ild ever un-der-tard. Ah, we wakened at the dawning,, but we never saw the day; -JTT-u And we spoke cur little prp"oguenI'-it we never reached the play. But our love was swett and ctttala till gray hcrrow dropt tLe curtain. Hark! a single belt is calling ... and this should have been the day. Chambers' Journal. MtHMIlintCK. He gave us all a good by cheerily At thc flrt dawn of day; We dropped him down thi side full drearily When the- light died away. It's a. dead dark watch that he's a-keepizg there. And a lorg, long night that lags a creeping there. Where the Trades and the tides roll over him. And the great ships go by. He's there alone, with green seas rocking- hira For a thousand miles around; lie's there atone, with dumb things mocking-him. And we're homeward bound. It's a long; lone watch that tie's a keeping tt're. And a dead, cold night that lags a-creepins there. While the months and the years roll over him. And the great ships go by. I wonder If the tramps come near enough. As they thrash to and fro. And thc battleship bells ring clear enough To bo hea-d down below; If through all the lone watch tlut he's keeping there. And the Ions, cold night that lags a creeping there, Thc voices of the sailor.mea shall ccmiort him. When thc great ships go by- Atlantic Monthly. Avatainn. Summer to me Is fairest in her death. When, thick the leaves fall on her quiet face. Xo inoie she langhsI with triumph in her breath Ucz spirit sighs in every wooded place. No more her sunshine mock3 my twilight day. The heavy rose Is withered at Irer breast. Uer scngs are sung, their echoes die away. Too far, too faint, to wake the old unrest. Summer and I are siters now at last. We have lived golden days and ,een them die. Xow all the sad oid lwies ore dreamed and nast We may close tired eyelids ,s)ie and L. Tet only half can Summer share ray sorrow. nave cer lcsteroay. ana not her morrow. Alice Herbert, in Literature. "enp Tide. Far eft is the sea and the land Is afar; The low banks reached at the sky. Seen hence, and are heavenward fau;b; Though light for the leap of a boy they are, And the far sea late was nigh. Thc fair wild fields and the circling downs. The bright sweet marches and meads All glorious with flower-hke weed4. Thc great gray churches, the sea-washed towns, Recede as a dream recedes. The world draws back, and the world's light wanes. As a dream dies down and is dead; And the clouds and the gleams overhead Change and change; and the sea remains; A Ehadow ol dream like dread. Wild, and woeful, and pale, and gray, A shadow cf sleepless fear, A corpse with the night for bier, Thc fairest thing that beholds the day Lies haggard and hopeless here. And the wind's wings, broken and spent, subsiJe; And the dumb, waste world Is hoar. And strange as the sea the hore: And shadows of shapeless dreams abide here life may abide no more. A sail to seaward, a sound from shoreward. And the spell were broken that eeema To- reign in a world of dreams Where vainly the dreamer's feet wake forward, And vainly the low sky gleams. The sea-forsaken forlorn deep-wrinkled .Salt slanting stretches of sand That slopes to the seaward hand. Were they tain of the ripples that flashed and twinkled And laughed as they struck tb: strand? As bells on the reins of the fafries ring The ripples that kissed them rang. The light from the sundawn sprang. And the sweetest of songs that the world may theirs when the full sea sang. Now no light is In heaven; and now Xot a note of the sea-wind's tune Rings hither; the bleak sky's, boom Crants hardly sight of a gray tun's brow A sun more sad than the moon.. More sad than a moon that clouds beleaguer And storm Is a scourge to smite. The sick sun's shadows-like 'tight Crows faint as the 'clouds and thc wares wax eager. And withers away from sight. The day's heart cowers, and the night's heart quickens; Full fain would today be dead And the stark night reign in bis stead; The sea falls dumb as the sea-tog thickens And the sunset dies for dread. Outside of the range of time, whoso breath Is keen as the manslayer's knife And his peace but a truce for strife. Who knows fs haply the shadow ot death Hay be not the light ot life? For thestorm and lhc rain and the darkness bor row But an hour from the suns to be. But a strange swift passage that -we Slay rejoice, who have mourned not today, U morrow, In thc sua and the wind and the sea. AlgernOD Charles Swinburne. NOTES kW QUERIES. What play of Shakespeare contains the "Seven Ages." S. IL "As j'ou Like It," Act 2. scsne 7. Who is the author of the phrase: "The un speakable Turk?" . T. B. B- Thomas Carlyle. The phrase is credit ed generally to Gladstone What did Cen. Joe Wheeler command at thf battles before Santiagor J. L L. General "Wheeler commanded the caval ry division, consisting- of two brigades. Please give me the nicknames of the different States ot the United States. J. II. K. We have answered this question a dozen times. It is as bad as the eternal desire to know who built and what became of the Great Eastern. Docs the war revenue law- put a tax on leaf tobacco in the hands of the predoccrsv or only on that held by dealers! SUB4CKI1SER. Sections III and IV. of the war revenue tax act, taxing tobacco, refer only to manufacturers and dealers in tobacco; not to rrowers. What is the-legal age for femalrs in the Dis trict of Columbia! i. What Is it in Virginia? J. B. 8. For the purpose of receiving personal estate from guardian, IS years, for acquiring- or disposing of real estate, zl j ears; for marriage, IS jears. 2. To ac quire or dispose of property, real or per sonal, or for marriage, H years. Is hyp&olism based on scientific principles? SKEKEH. Yes; in spite of the fact that most practlcers of It In this country, at ait events, are not scientific, but-are really humbugs, or showmen. In v ranee It Is studied sclentificallj-. and the so-called ".ancy School of Medicine" is occupied largelj' with It. There are- valuable books on the subject hy Frenchmen and Eng lishmen. How many admirals bar we In the navy now? J. A. K- "We have no full admirals; the highest flag rank in oar navj- being rear admi ral. Of rear admirals we have seven, as follows; Francis; S. Bunce, George De-wej', Frederick V. McNalr, John A. Howell. William T. Sampson, Winfield S. Schley and Henry L. Howison. Sampson and Schlej- have not been confirmed by the Senate, and Sampson should not be. Was the Velayo a fir.t-class battleship? i. Did $-pa!rr hire a first clas battieahip in, the war? T- The Pelayo was classed simply as a battleship. Her tonnage was 9.9CO. as compared with our 6 ay) Texas, and our KJMon Indiana and her slaters, z. The Pelajo might properly be considered as one. from a Spanish standpoint- Hiw many persons are en ihe pension rolls now fwr e vice in the civil war ' 2. How many men were engaged In tne Federal service during the war? C It. W On Juno SO, 1507. there were 9TSL014 pensioners on the rolls, to whom were paid ir,759ti S. Thc total number of enlistments during the civil war was JSa.ia: 2,lSS.iI"; claims for pensions of all kinds (widows, children, dependent parents, etc), had been tiled up to the end of 1S3T. What is the composition of the fluid burned by glas blowers' B E. L. If you mean the cas they burn, it is illuminating gas so burnd as4 to accom plish complete combustion. The composi tion of the flux varies with the kind of glass to be produced. Crown glass is made of these materials: purified sand, chalk or limestone, sulphate of soda, ami cullet or waste glass. Plate glass Is made of white quartzose sand, sodlc carbor.jte, slaked lime, manganese peroxide and cul let; flint gtas? 13 made of fine white sand, minium (red lead) retired potash nitre, and cullet. The proportions differ in al most every glass house. When o!ored glass is to be made, various other ingre dients are added to the flux. What railroad has the la-gest kcomoiiv. in the United stares! How Urge is it, c-pwtal'y how large are its cylinder? S The largest locomotive is said to be the one built recently by the Plttsounr Loco motive Works for the Union Railroad Company of Pittsburg, which is the name of the line connecting the Carnegie Company's works. It Is an eight-wheel engine, weighing 'ajS.ft.M pounds on the drivers, it3 cylinders are 3 by SI inches, and its boiler heatingr surface is X!S2 square feet. It is said to be able to draw a net weight of 3.375 tons, exclusive ot the cars holding this freight. Who commanded the gunboat Calhoun at the outbreak of the civil war? When and where did he die and who succeeded him' 2 "Aa there at any time a gtmbat or cnu'-er named "For-v four?" J O S Tho Calhoun was not built until 1E61. and on the Naval Register ot January, 1S63, appeared as attached to the "West Gulf Blockading Squadron; the name ot her commander was not given, as the register did not purport to be complete. In ISC the Calhoun was sold in New Or leans. 2. We think cot- Was not Andrew Johnson, after he became President, a friend of the South? z. Was he af terwards elected Senator? If so, when? Did he die in crSce? If so, when? E. F M. He wished to be, and opposed the "Re construction Acts" that were proposed in Congress as necessary to govern ths Southern States. 2. Yes; In January. 1S73. he was elected to the Senate from Ten nessee: buj he died on July 31 after hav ing held hU seat only a few months. Can a regular soldier vote at a national or State election? tf so, how does he t' a c. j He may vote at any election If te 1, stationed at or near his old restltn e so that he maj- go to the polls on e'tctloa daj-. The law does not forbid I Ira to vote; It slmplj sajs that he canno s -i a voting residence while on dut any more than he can lose his forme.- re;l dence. So If his duty will permit lm D get to the polls at the place whre ho used to vote, or where he was entitled to vote before he entered the army, h? tray vote as any other man. How are the naval officers of England cdu-ated? How appointed? 2. Can a student graduate at tha naval rchool at Portsmouth, X. IL, and be commissioned in the navy? Naval cadets in the British navy are appointed by the lords of the admiralty re ally, though nominally by the Queen, on the nomination of the lords ot the adml-raltj-. They so to sea as cadets, for two j-ears; then are promoted midshipmen, and continue at sea tor four j-cars, alter which time. If they can pass an exami nation and are nineteen jears old. they are commissioned as sub-llcutenants, and sent to the 'Roj-al Naval College at Greenwich, where the- staj- ab u: two jears and then go to sea again and ap pear for examination for the rank of 'full lieutenant. 2. No; the Portsmouth school, whatever It maj- be, is a pr.vate affair. The onlj- Governmental school is thc Naval Academy at Annapolis. now should 1 cure leaf tobacco for making cigars! SUBSCKIBER. The leaves are dried tn cur'113 bams especially- built, with b'lnds oc.npylng practically all thc sides ot the bul dl -g-. so that the air can be admitted on dry days! or kepf out on wet days "When the leaves are dried they are nllowtd to remain on the racks until moist weather comes, when CTiej- absorb moisture and become soft and pliable. Then thc I a 1.3 are removed from the stalks, sortel and done Into hands or bundles tf a few leavcs wrapped in a separate lent. 1 hen the bundles are piled up to ferment. This part of the process Is the moat dim ult, as the fcrmentat-on must not prrvrn.s too far. When thc fermintutloa U o.ir In from three to five wvtks th; l. v s are ot a uniform bro-i co or red he bundles-may lr rut -v? :v r H '. t care until th? r i ,- :. . , xt jy sweat rorrti '-'- S ; r - mcnl publisher a bouk o. t b c j t,.vl-vation. M,..L r "J- frit V.t5 .. I -95-JUiu"- T. &U r W-5 V r3eItLv ..' W &'S4?tZ&r& .. Jsrj6fcS&ftv'.l