SAVE WASTE WATER BY
1NSTALLINGP0WER PLANTS
By R. M. Wlnans.
The only Obei ruction to universally
installed Individual Water-power plants
on the fnrm Ik that not every farm Is
Messed with i tinning water to furnish
the power, lint there are thousands of
rilll.is In the lulled States which
have i mining water that ran be har
nessed and made to work.
The government has beta taklm-
census of ttM available water power
I t i" HW union, and a report will he Is
sued In the course of a few months
Bhowtni thai there Is at present going
to waste something over .10,000.000
horse power that Bight he developed
from the streams and fields of the
country, exclusive of Niagara. Some
of this, of course, Is avallahle to the
farms that are near the streams eater
Ing Into the calculations, but little. If
the timbers and cover the planking, to
protect from decay. In some sections
where small timber Is available and
In some cases desirable in remove
from the land, the dam may be built
of logs very cheaply and substantially.
The gasoline engine was probably
the "pioneer In furnishing light power
for the farm; yet It has been conclu
sively moved by rami water power
plants recently Installed that When
small, even very small, water powers
are available, the gasoline engine Is
not to be compared to them In the
matter of economy, practicability and
perfect convenience, to sny nothing of
the matter of care and operation of
the engine, or the facility with which
the electric power from the turbine
dynamo may be transmitted to varl-
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Fig. 1. Ground Plan of Plant.
Hi, account Is taken of the mi
itreams, the babbling brooks and rap-d-flowlng
creeks that run through
housands of farms unlntercepted on
their Idle way to the sea.
It does not require the thunderous
'ush and swirl of a Niagara to drive a
turbine large enough to furnish power
'or the use of a farm. The most innocent-looking,
spring-led brooklet hav
ing tho proper fall will be ample to
serve the purpose of meeting every
power requirement of the average
farm, providing, of course, that it cun
be suitably dammed and a sufficient
head given to the penned-up water In
the reservoir. From three to six feet
will give a working head of water to
drive a turbine that will furnish
an electrical generator.
On hundreds of farms with which
the writer Is acquainted in a number
of states of uneven topography there
are many streams with volume and
fall sufficient to drive a turbine of from
B0 to 200 horse power, and where the
power plants could he installed at rel
atlvely small expense. And the first
expense Is pructlcally the only ex-
ous buildings and points on the farm
for use at the same time.
Fig. 1 shows the ground plan of a
plant located near the dam and con
nected with an open wooden flume
and with a vertical turbine. This Is
an excellent plan where the fall Is
from three to six feet with a good sup
ply of water. With this type of tur
bine the generator or dynamo niuy
be placed overhead and driven by a
bevel gear. The foundation of the
power house should he of stone or
concrete, with heavy timber bases for
the turbine and dynnmo, to insure
steady tunning without Jar or vibra
tion. A breakwater must be built at the
power house to prevent ice and debris
gathering or lodging across the outlet
or tall race. The dam should have
KB apron of concrete or planks pro
tected with concrete, to prevent wear
ing and washing by the How over the
spillway. A heavy boom is placed
across the entrance to the racks, to
guard against floating rubbish, and
dose haired racks must be built at
the entrunce to the Hume, to catch
WATER ,
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i " On XvVvO-r-5" I J7TJe,Yf"
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Fig. ?. Water Power Plant with Good Head of Water.
pense In generations to come, except
one counts the cost of oil for the bear
" Ings and the renewal of brushes
(which are cheap) on tho generator
once a year.
The main expense, where the work
Is done by contract or by specially
hired labor, Is that of grading, of ex
cavatlng and filling; and the tanner is
at an advantage In this, that he often
, has idle teams and labor thut could
not be bolter employed during (be
"alack" seasons, When most, if not all,
of this work muy be done. The MJB
of concrete for (he dum may be largely
eliminated by the use of timbers and
plank In its construction, merely using
enough concrete in which to embed
leaves and small stuff that might clog
the wheel. A heavy gate or stop log
is set inside the racks, to regulate the
flow of water or to cut it off entirely
Where there is the opportunity to
get a good head of water, the plant
and connection may be cheaply built,
as shown in Fig. 'I. The flume in thlti
case may bo of sewer pipe of the
proper size, or a square wooden Hume
heavily boated with some wood pre
servatlve may be used instead. This
di awing shows a vertical turbine with
a direct belt drive, which is cheaper
than the bevel gear. Willi the closed
Hume arrangement the power house
may be located ut any reasonable dis
tance from the dam ur heud at water.
FdDir (tDne SttreeH
The first coBtume is both smart and useful and Is a style well-suited to
serge. Our model Is In navy blue. The plaited skirt Is cut in comfortable
walking length, and has the plaits stitched down about halfway. White cloth
I.-, used for the waistcoat fastened down the center by small buttons and but
tonholes. The fronts of coat are cut away and semi-fitting, fine braiding com
pletely edges coat, while buttons and cords add further trimming. The sleeves
are elbow length and quite looBe, they are trimmed to match. Hat of stretched
satin, trimmed with beads and feathers
Materials required: 8 yards Berge 48 inohes wide, 3 dozen buttons, 1 dozen
yards cord, 4 yards coat lining.
The second is a princess shape; cloth or serge might either bo used,
Btraps of material trim the front of skirt part, two box-plaits are arranged
under the strap In front Hraidlng trims the back and sides of bodice part,
also tho revers and cuffs, which are of some light cloth, the buttons are of
the same. Hat of light felt trimmed with ribbon and roses.
Materials required: 6 yards cloth, 46 Inches wide, 4 buttons, 4 yards lin
ing, 1 dozen yards braid.
HIGH COLLARS ARE HARMFUL
Permanent Dark Mark Made If the
Neck Garniture Is Worn
Too High.
The fad of wearing extremely high
collars will have a hurtful effect upon
the flesh of the throat unless special
care is given to prevent It. because
through Btoppage of circulation, a con
dition brought about by high collars,
a permanent dark mark comes, and
some remedy to obviate the trouble
niUBt be employed. It Is not expected
that a girl will select a neck dressing
that is a misfit. Hut she may tgke the
happy medium of one I ii.it is not too
close to her throat. For example, if
Ml is the usual size, it Is the part of
wisdom to take 13 when the height
of the linen Is excessive. It Is pre
cisely the same theory that causes ono
to wear longer boots when the toes are
excessively pointed
In order to preserve Its roundness
and softness the throat must have
some air and freedom of movement.
Undoubtedly an aid to freshness is
occasionally to change the style of
collar woru and for a day to use one
that Is not extreme. This relaxes and
tones muscles that may have become
cramped.
SUITABLE IN MANY MATERIALS
Cashmere, serge or any cloth, as
long as It Is the same as used for
skirt, would make up well for the over
bodice. Three tucks are made on each
shoulder both back and front; they are
stitched down a few inches. A mate
rial strap stitched at each edge and
trimmed with embroidered spots edges
the opening an. I is also taken down
the front over the lastenlngs. The
oversleeve is trimmed in the same
wa.
Materials required: 1 yards 46
Inohes wide, 2 buttons.
Even the Veils Have Fringe.
The craze for fringe has reached
veils, and all the big new ones are
heavily bordered, sometimes with one
row and sometimes with two. if the
veil Is of the changeable chiffon a
stunning effect in color is produced by
the border of fringe having precisely
the same hues On the frailer net
veils, which cover a wide range in col
or, the fringe matches in shade.
ALTERING ANJVENING GOWN.
Scheme Very Much In Faahlon and
One That la Quite Easy to
Carry Out.
If the sir! who indulged In a scanty,
slimly cut sheath gown last winter
wants to change It a bit to give more
of the classic suggestion, she can do
this by using two veiU as drapery.
The Idea Is very much In fashlor
and Is easy to carry out. The veil
themselves are often used by hlg
priced dressmakers InBtead of buying
chiffon cloth and hemming it. The
veils have a selvage which makoa
them quite effective.
One of the attractive ways of
draping them Is to catch one at each
shoulder, drawing it up under the
arm and fastening on top with a paste
buckle. The edges lower down may
be lightly caught together over tho
urm a little above the elbow. This
gives filmy but straight drapery from
shoulder to hem which puts one In the
picture this season.
Again, an extra long veil Is drooped
across the back and caught at the
back of each shoulder with a buckle
and the ends left to hang straight.
SKIRTS WIDER AT THE HEM.
Are a Distinct Improvement on the
Tight Garment That Ex
tremists Favored.
The absurdly narrow skirt that one
could hardly step in and that was only
worn by the extremists, fashionable or
otherwise, has had its day. All the
new skirts have width at the hem.
Even the street ones are three and four
yards wide, and the house ones are
from six to seven yards at the hem.
They are not lined or stiffened or
worn over petticoats, but they have a
graceful fullness. They are not held
back by elastics, and give no appear
ance of the grotesque.
They are quite ample, easy to walk
in and more graceful on every figure
than the extra tight onea.
There are all sorts of rumors that
the new skirt at tho Paris races will
be ten yards wide, but If one listened
to all rumors these days no one would
buy a gown with any feeling of security.
Linen and Canvaa for Book Cover.
Attractive adjuncts to the living
room -axe magazine covers made from
heavy linens and craftsman's canvas.
For the postcard albums the latter tub.
rlc Is preferred. Both materials can
be had in a variety of colors, and an
applique of cretonne is a popular form
of decoration.
Hook covers in a cool gray linen,
adorned with . a spray of purple or
chids cut from cretonne, are pretty,
and so are those In terra cotta crafts
man's canvas, displaying a swastika
cross cut from cretonne In dull ori
ental colorings.
To Keep Rugs Flat.
Girls who have a habit of shuffling
their feet, thereby incurring frequent
scoldings for kicking up rugs, will find
life pleasanter If they cut triangles of
medium weight cardboard, and sew
them on the under side of rugs at each
corner.
A LITTLE K188ING REVIVAL.
A little kissing
Hon '"id t h n.
Is why we have t
Tin1 innrrl. d BOfl
Birmingham Ag. -1 1' ' al'L
A little kissing'
Tm. of course.
la why we have
Tin1 quick divorce.
Chicago Record. Herald.
A lltle kissing'!
I.ots of fun
If you an kiss
The proper one
Cleveland Lewder.
A heap of kissing
Is Just an kii.uI
For those wbo like
That sort of food.
Nashville American.
A little kissing'
Not enough;
A lot of kissing
That's the stuff!
Boston Herald.
Out of His Line.
timid morning." said Lardl Ixing
sox, entering l lie studio of Dauber,
the famous portrait painter. "I wish
to engage you to pnlnt my portrait."
"I shall be delighted, madam," was
the answer.
"I want it painted with my new hat
on," said Lardl.
"Pardon me, madam," came the
quiet reply, "but I am not a landscape
artist!"
OH1 VERY WELL!
Traveler (to booking clerk) You
gave me the wrong change Just now.
Hooking Clerk Very sorry, sir, I
can't recognize It now. You should
have said so at the time.
Traveler Well. 1 don't mind much,
for you gave me 2 too much.
Masculine Ignorance.
Mrs. Ferguson (l tying on another
spring hat) (Jeorge, what do you
think of this one? You didn't like
the other.
Mr. Ferguson Well, if you are I'm
lied to two styles, the inverted waste
basket and the inverted coal scuttle,
my choice would be the coal scuttle.
We need another one at home, anyway.
THE BEST OF REASON8.
Tourist Ten dollars a week for
boa -d ! My dear madam, apartments
aren't scarce about here.
Landlady No, but boarders are.
A Familiar View.
"How do you want your bedroom
celling decorated?" asked the archi
tect. "Like the bottom of a touring car,'
answered the motorist. "Then It will
Been natural when 1 awuko in the
morning.'"
Tit for Tat.
Jones - Well, you and I won't be
neighbors much longer. I'm going to
live In a better locality.
Smith -So am I.
Jones What! Aro you going to
move too?
Smith--No: I'm going to stay here.
THE ROAD.
It's a long rond. n hard road. H
Tile lend we have to travel,
And tangled "re the xclicuics of lite M
.' mortals must unravel.
Hut hope In heart will wonders work yH
And blithely keep un going;, M
Though storms an breaking overhead M
And adverse winds are blowing. M
It's n InnK rond. n hard road M
And perilous the journey, M
Each day that dawns new foes are met, PH
New battles fought in tourney. M
Hut love will alld the way with light M
And keep the koiiI before us, ,
A smile to fellow every nigh BH
And heaven bending o'er ua! "H
STRAORDINARY. M
"1 was talking to your wife to-day." e M
"How did that happen?" M
"What happen?" H
"That you were doing the talking." M
Knew Which Waa Which. H
When Uncle Boffin was a kid, hla M
mother on one occasion gave him two H
pennies, one for candies, the other H
for the Sunday school collection. H
Light-hearted, he was tossing the H
coins In the air on liis way to tho H
church, when suddenly one eluded his H
grasp and disappeared through a eel- H
laW grating. Down on lib; knees he H
pe. red into the dark pit, only to real- H
l.e bis loss. Then, looking thought- H
fully first into his hand, next at the H
place where the d. had disappeared, H
he remarked philosophically: H
"Well, there goes the Lord's H
A TIGHT H
Hotel Clerk What made all that LH
racket in your room last night?
Guest I hud on combination under- H
wear and lost the combination.
A Recommendation. H
"I am looking for a place," said the
stranger, "In which I can bring up
my girls to good ail vantage. What in- L
ducements does this town offer In that LLH
"Well," the old settler answered, "It
strikes me as bein' a purty good town H
for your purpose. We've got a but- H
ton fact'ry here, and If your girls can't
all find jobs In It we git calls from the LLH
city nearly every day ror glrla that H
people want there to do housework." H
eaaaaal
Mm! oci j i H
Schoolteacher - I in you know tho
meaning of that letter on your hat?
Hoy Yes, sir. Father saya it e H
morning he taut find his collar stud LLLLV