I New Ordnance Marvels Attest Uncle Sam's Awakening II
9 1 1
&B9 Christie anl; shown at second annual meeting t ' ' s i , Reconnaissance car, run on a rubber belt. -one of the novelties recently ex-
the Army Ordnance Assoc. ation . -.. hibiled at Aberdeen, Md
rar Department, vf
of Great Mobility
6Ji2fti r I ' ! 1 p ' was 0,1 "r,:i' lesson which the
H I United States learned from the
M A war Tiiai sson was that armies
B may be Improvised and irodned quickly, hut
H i hp creation bf materiel requires i!me tf.ot
H only tvss It learned (hit time Is reunit e I
H lo perfect materiel, hi.r preliminary training
B, is the necessary accompaniment of the pro-
H Auction of the machinery of war.
in the great war America raised Immense1
HB armies' and transported them with remark -
H able celerity Army cantonments were built
B rapidly and successful!) nm it was in the
H perfection nf ordnance (hat the forces of
Ba th- Republl i ! I --1
V i the close of the war this country was
B Just getting into its ntrlde, Much ilmV hid
H been lost, much money had been wasted and
BUB nn Immense depol ,ol supplies a bulldlns
raOa up behind the armies, out it did not rem
H the oiher side. American airplanes
H lacking, heavj ordnance was lacltlni: even
H 'he necessary equipment of rifles was ab-
BBBBBBB .1 WHS po-i' to In'innnrl t-nnp"iieain.c
1 I he nation hid he I rained to transport
H 'hony.inds ol nasaencers it wa possible
HH huiiii cantonments because m rlea he'd
I'ulldirtg houses, and was familiar with ihe
job But the treat enginery "f warfare; th
IH necessary eq lipmenl or modem amnio failed
B to put in i's appearanee on the tloer side
HHJ Tb lesson hn been t.--.kn to hesl and
l ' ever.' effort of 'lie War Department 1 now
H being expended t( h did i,- materiel and it
Bh l being assisted by some of the leadlna in-
BBj dual rial aplrits of thp counlr) who o-o keep-
itic up th sam enihusid-tlr oritlon to
1 service of th-:r couhtry thoy displayed In
BJH tho
A littlr tfrmv o' dollar a vrar ni"!!. headed
by Benedict Crowell, former Assistant Sec
I retary ol War. has mobilised Itself Under h-
;'if ):amr- or Vrmy i i Inanci Vssoctti
EBHP ior I's iilnalilo tinv- lo I ho count
I out r-os'in? tlip Oovemment a .sin'p cent.
BBJ Results are already beajlhnlna m show
IBfl from t'l combined civilian and army effort.
BBffl New and effect I v 'pieces nf ordnance are
BBB hems: produced, many of which would have
BBi been tremendously effective on the firing
EH line In Kurop. They were tried oul al the
HH Aberdeen (Md.) provlra croundj last wr-eic
BBa upHt dramatic ir.'1 imstaics
BBJ There is tactical straleajy In the pro-
BBB arammc or bulldjns Iheaie dcatb dealing
HH rnsinps The object In view i to obtain
B create r mobility in manouvrinK ami In the
Wm ordnance ahown al Aberdeen it waa proved
conc'.nsh elv that to-day America leads the
nHI world in this rospect.
BBJ The ncrompllshments so far altiinvl are
HBJ romparativaly few in number the- Govern-
BHi ment not haine raached the point where It
fefjfl feel" iustifled In ulldlnc ip a larjre supply
.r ..rdnance material What Is now be1n
done Is to perfect types which" will furnish
models and Inspiration for future develop
ment Maximum of Mobility.
HB08 The object of greater mobility in manu-
Hwfia vrlnp Is bein? attained to a highly gratify-
In? decree. Guns are bclns perfected upon
BB j movable currUses In a manner that will
r' c i jtionlze artillery practice of the future
Bj "s 1" aplte of the fact that in supplying ord-
HBJ name to the armies on the French front the
TVer American War Department fell down, and
JH notwithstanding the slowing up of interest
and the necessity for ec-or.omy jrhlch fol
B lower! the armistice the Aberdeen c.prl-
ments ptove that the United States In mak-
lur virile contribution to the world's artil
!j lerv u'llpnient.
Bj I it I- tbis desire to keep abreast of tlie
B I ' r'liv performances In ordnance that bos
B l i nptOd the War Department to nslt for
W , , increoied appropriation next year. The
k Department's appropriation last year waa
f, 1 The estimates for thla year call
it for an appropilatlon of apprbxlmatelj JN
J I 00P.OO0 -more than twice as much
I 1 After the rmlstlot wan algnod the army
P: took stock ot the reasons Whj It was not
I :ihlc to prepare and transport ordnance to
Bl t lie fiont. The conclusion reached was that
B a American Industry was not trained (or the
l iillulnc or ordnance, with the result that
BAJ1 army officers indulged In the one scntlmen".
(hat the country must never be caught in
HB the ome predlcamenf.
Bj It wad Bl this point that the civilian group
organized the Artn Ordnance Association
n
The ilii fii-ealdeni is BeiicdJct Crw Hi Th
c.-thcr mcmixis art Wlllhun Wheeler 1 'oil
man, president at the B.ueyrus Oorpprinj "t
South MihvnuUi-e. Wl9.: Charles Klllot Wur
ren. past president of the American Bank
ers Amso hit 'nr. Rnlph Crews, uf the law
firm of Blfrrmsn S Sterling, New Vork city
tiu tCaatman Tripp, chairman ot the boar1
of dlrertors or the Westlngbouse Company:
S3nnae MdKoberts of the National City
Jauk or cw Vbrk: Kaldo rjajrln Hryant.
presldenl of the Hvant I-Jlectrfc '"ompany:
'rnnk Auuustus Scon rormei cbaltman of
l h War Industries Hoard; Robert P. i-i-mont.
jresiii it u the American Steel Foun
dries n Chicago, arfd c L Horrlson of the
Klrsi National Hank ol Cinelnnali.
The HfW Idea of this Civilian group, whose
Pictures taken at Aberdeen. Md.. Proving Ground during the recent Ordnance Association conven I
uon. The boy is loolcng through a 14 inch armor plate after a 14 inch shell hit it. The mount of the I
highly elevated machine gun is the special novelty shown in the other picture J
proffer of assistance wis accepted by t-Ui-
Y;m Department. w:,s '" build up a cl-vilfnn
re.-etv. It was proposed m Interest ri'o
schools and caflegea or the country, nhl
wlic-tcver pusshtle courses In ordnance and
in the science of ballistics have been ln
Stalled, The plan provides that .students in
colleges and unlversiilea may Rnd propei
mental training nml a proper application of
their mathematical knowledge lii studying
ballistics. These students are listed so 'hat
In the . vent ol war the Qovornment will
know where to reach oui for them and appl
the training: they has,- received.
In i:.- attempt to build up ordnance during
the wu. great effort was spent In building
the proper mavhi: ery. "itch of Ihis ma
chlner. Including Special Utiles for the ptir
pose or turning OUl Shells and cannon, has
beet dlslrlh'ited anions the scientific si bonis
n, th, nation like the Boston School of
Technology, where the students are trained
how to use it. Vhe various manufacturers
ol tha country have also been enlisted In this
T rOi ien-s.Torld Council Fights Against Var
By MRS FHILIF N M )ORH
President National Council U S. A.
V TATION.M. Councils of Women hove
1 been formed h twenty-eight cbuh
tiies. from Kusaia b Mexico, from
Sou'h America 10 the Scandinavian couh
trles, imni AuHraliR to Canada. Ir..ludli)g
the United St. es This w is ihs flrat 10 be
formed In 1SSS. i.n i.1 half as lain- in
point of numbers as all the councils
together Twenty-I've 'if these councils
were represented at Chrlstlonla by women
irolti the tun best ends 01 Ihe earth, many
uf them ol note not only In their own Coun
tries but inieriiailunallv. .-p'-.ikiii- possiJIy
twenty different languages yet uniting on
thiee well known and widely spoken lan
guages. bSjigllsh, French and Germuti
The fjerman women held aloof. "Till Ger
many is admitted to the League Ol Nations. "
they wrote 'We cannot send delegates,
though uur council win continue to worli for
1 1 1 1 r alma and metboda." The Btitiab dele
gation moved lhat an expression nf regrei
at the decision of the Germ in council be
- nt th pi evident. This was seconded by the
French delegation am' 1 arrled with approval
An lntere-tlnp point w;is that the Get man
1 ouncii sent b aeroplane papers printed by
the Lyceum Club of I'.erlln containing a full
account of the oiicnlng. aiMO news from the
United Stotos party while In lJatls.
It wus clearl the case thai some of tho
war stricken countries had been obliged to
devote, all their energies toward serious war
needs of men mi wall as of women. The
delegates however showed their determina
tion to do all in their power toward better
understanding and fuller knowledge of con
ditions and needs of all countries.
The personnel of the convention was very
Interesting from the gracious presiding offi
cer. Lady Aberdeen who had gained
through these years the confidence respect
and lava of every country, through the ofll;
rial group fiom France, Denmark and Tas
mania 1 -j Norway, Holland England and
Canada: the presidents or 'heir chosen rep
resentatives from th' councils showing the
fine womanhood of ihelr countries, and the
conveners of commit ter-s. who were experts
in the direction of laws concerning women
and children, and general child welfare of
I-.cjual Moral Standards, Public Health edu
cation. Immigration and Immigration, and
Trades- and Professions
The Government of Norway recognised
Ihe value of its woman power, giving not only
60,000 kronen toward expense, but the use
of Us parliamentary buildings the storthing.
1. 'i all sessions and committee rooms. King
iiagkon VII, and Queen Blaud received the
delegates a? die royal palace In most demo
cratic faBhlon. the Foreign Minister gave a
formul reception; the pnunlclpalltj gnve a
luncheon at the favorite resort. Frofrner
K'.eteren. where speeches and toasts were
mads and responded to from all aides
Fourteen nations responded to tho rcQueat
for oltlclnl delegates to the Intern.it'ional
Council, amon? them the United States, this
last In response to the request of the N'or-
Qi esttons important to women and to the races were discussea by repre
sentative women from iweaty-etght countries, who held their I ntcrnn'.wnal '.oun
cii at Christians. Norway, in September Child welfare, health conditions, a gen
une league against war and the project of holding in the near fjtuie an ,r.ter
nation,:! conference of immigration officials were considered profitably While
the delegates speak twenty lr-nuages it vas found thai the maotity ol the
women were able to spea': English French and German.
Cuming to more particular subiects the council adopted a resolution to enable
women to retain their nationality it they wished on marriage with an alien A
Swiss woman was elected president . as it was judged expedient to keep the presi
dency in j neutral nation Lady Ab-rdeen wes made honorary president.
No -all report was mr.de of the proceedings of the I nternational Council ot
Vorrxn which vs held in Christiana. Norway, in Septcmbet and on the return
of the American delegatr- to this country the president of the American National
Conncil who attended the conference, was asked to remedy lhat omission The
topics discussed at the Council were of two kinds those of general interest am!
some of particular value only to women.
1 . j
tveglan Government, presented ihrough the
Korrregian Minister to the United states.
Lady Aberdeen's report was that ot Hue
achievement. In part she said: The world
wails to see what use women will make or
their new powers The demand for political
suffrage Was bused on the pica that nol nn'-,
would pi, ice be done to half of the human
race, but that a great spiritual force would
he released for the world's service through
the Influence of women whose Instinctive
desire Is to create and protect ,ife "
Every resolution discussed had for its ob
ject a higher standard of life, education,
health or the removal of some abuse in law
and custom A large number of resolutions
were considered and many passed, forming
the Immediate and future policy of the
crunell.
Naturally, those connected with tho League
of Nations took a prominent place; because
nearly all the council were from countries
which were members of the league
The United States could speak only from
fhe standpoint of its women for the prlncl
pld of the lcujue. but Individually there was
From Coal Digger to Professor
From n coal digger in the mountains
of Tennessee and Kentucky to a pro
fesporgblp oi edu.-ational psychology
In Columbia University within ten years Is
the record of Dr. William A. McCall
A 1 Ir.e itge of Dr. McCall has not only
tho distim tioo of being a member of the
Columbia faculty but has won a considera
ble -cputntion as a lecturer in experiments
In educational psychology Ha alio is tho
author of a hook on educational measure
ments that represents pioneer rescari h work
in educational psychology
William a Mi Call was born at Wellsvllle,
Tenn., January V. 18!U The first seven
year- of his llf- were spent on a farm,
but thereafter, until he was 1.1, he was In
Die ,-o;i mine, of P.ed -sh. Ky. One win
ter tho family lived in a one room loj; house.
William worked With his father In tlv mines
part of the time and spent the real of his
time as a trapper at fifty or sixty cents a
day, its father's roving spirit kept the
family on the move. Knun Ibd Ash they
went to WOOl ridge, then to the Indian
Mountain mines, tn a Country home near
.lelllco and then back j I'ed ABh. embrac
ing !n all about tWf years. William attend'
ed trut'lous schools for brief periods as op
port i.nltv arose, but for the most part
worked in the tnit as His mother died In
1104. His younge; brother ihe only oiher
one llvln. In a family of four, went to live
with another near WeKlVllle.
' 1 ijias3PSBsssaaesii
A ;Vw months later William was among
strangers at Red As'.i. He obtained a place
With a mine foreman, went to school and
paid his board by doing chores. A J cur later
his father morrled again, and the family
was ur.lted once more at Red Ash. William
then went to Williamsburg Institute for
nearly a year. Poor health prevented con
tinuation of his work there. A few months
later the family moved to a place near l'lne
ville, Ky
Entering Highland College in 1906. he paid,
his way through the year by doing .lanhor
work. In the summer of 190" he earned
enough by dlggit g coal to return to Hlah
land', which that year was merg -i! with
Williamsburg Institute. He w is graduated
from the united schools in 1911 with a B. S.
degicp
Up to this time he had been president of
ihe V M. C. A and literary society, a win
ner if a oehatei-'r; medal the editor in chief
of the college magazine, a member of the
tennis team and vaicdlctorian of the senior
class.
In the fall of 191 1 he entered Iincoln Me
morial University as an Instructor in pa -cholopy
and held this post two ycais. Por
the advanced study which he did in addi
tion to his work as teacher he received the
bachelor 61 arts degree.
This relationship with Lincoln Memorial
and his old teacher; Dr. George A. Hubboll,
brought him In touch with Columbia. University.
in. hesitation in expressing regret Ihat'we
could not join with tin- others In many discussion-
as to details..
c ine resolution asked that the mcmbcrhip
01 the league should be extended as rapidly
as possible to all self-governing countries.
Another urged governments memhers of the
league to send a woman as one of the three
delegates to the first Assemhly of the league
in November.
Another de Isipn was In regard to a special
woman's commission under the league that
men and women should cooperate In the dis-
ussioh of all (inestions coming hefore the
I. ague The one central thought was liie
speedy evolution or -i genuine and power
ful league nation".- throughout the coun
cil meetings it became clear that this was
Hie burning ililestion
The discussion turned on whether the
women of the would could induce ihe lea cue
to reccmni.re the ppwer of this International
Council in all matters pertaining to women
and children.
The convention decided that an effort
should be made in the various countries -'
enaMe women o retain their nationality, if
they wished, op marriage with an alien
A cablegram was reCfrTtVo from the 1 -pa
I tment of Labor at Washington -xpress-11
c appreciation of the support which the
International Council had pledged at Rome
In 1914 to the suggestion or the United
Slates Department of Labor, to arrange an
International conference of immigration nfll
clola; that, lines the war had prevented ac
t'on. It was hoped the pledge might now be
c.rrled out and that the councils and offl
, r- newl appointed should cooperate This
was approved,
Kcsolutlons concerning child welfare
showed such complex opinions and methods
In different countries that a special com
mittee was asked to arrange and recom
mend action for the next executive com
mittee. The officers elected represented different
actively working countries. Much as all
wlshcl in retain the president. Lady Aber
deen, she refused to consider reelection, say
ing wisely lhat in Ihe present trying time
II, reconstruction after the war the presi
dency should be held In a neutral nation.
The following officers were elected for the
next quinquennial period; President. Mme.
Chapponnlere-Chalx, Qhemln Dumss is, Ge
iii 1 ii. Switzerland; Honorary President the
Mac hioness of Aberdeen and Tcmalr, Aber
deen Scotland: 'Ice-Presidents Mrs. i;ril-
la Cordon. White I,odj?e, 34 Abbey road.
London N W . 8. Mine. Avrll de talnte
Crolx, 1 Avenue Malukoff. Paris; Froken
Henni l"orc hhammer Ingemannsvel :t it
Copenhagen: Dr Phil Alice Salomon. Luit
poldstrasse ; Kerlln W 10. Mrs Henry
Dobson. Klboden place. Hobart Tasmania:
Mrs Philip North Moore. 3125 Lnfayelte
avenue, Bt. Louis. L. 8 A.
Kei-ordlng Secretaries: Miss Klsie Zlm-
aiern, Nursery Training School. Weligarth
mud Hjmpsteud. N W.. 'A Miss L v. hi
Leg ben Hulaa Aardenburg Doom. The
Netherdands Corresponding Secretary
I'm. Anna backer, Villa Sana. Kredi Ihsiud.
Norway; Treasurer: Mia. W. K. Sanford.
Wesanfotd. Hamilton. Canada
Civilian Experts Gie !
Their Services and f
Technical Schools I
Cooperate V i t h
Government Ehgi- 1
neers to Build Up Ijj
Vital Branch of De- 1
fensn e Forces I
programme or preparedness which Is with- H
out arallel In the history of this coitn(r- H
The interest and nlfntion which is heln
paid to ihe development of ordnanc? Is the H
or knowledge gained from the world
war. All forms of artillery tm-n the Die
RerthS to venty-flve mm gun pruv H
lhs effe ilveness of this arm of the ervce. H
As an example of the extent to which the
Of 'artillery developed during the Kuro- J
l ean war ii is railed lhat at the battle
of flettysbura; the Union army expended onlv J
7S1 rounds of artillery ammunition. yt H
Battle of hi Somme the British ftred
4 OOO.OOQ rounds of ar'lllery ammunition.
The Union army in '.he , Ivll war during th
vear ISG-I exoended 1 050 00. ' rounds of artll- SaLH
lery ammunition, while In the year 1 91 R of
the world war the French Brad 1 070 000
In tlie experiments at the Aberdeen prnv- H
ir: t round fhe object of Increased mobilltv
or heavy ordnance sras hlghh eempllfle1
In on - case ihe Ordnance Depai lirnt has
developed a sixteen !nch pun mounted on n
railway carriage in such manner that the
Klin can be elevated ilmost nerpendicularl v.
This gives he weapon the advantage of 'he
howitzer During In- war it was nos)hl
to -llrect thes puns only In one direction.
The American am Is mounter, on two rare
with a bridge- between circular tumUhle
track Is built beneath the 1 ridge so that the
gun carriage can b- turned ar.d the gun
pointed in every possible direction.
ThA Ordnan c Department bas also devel-
oped a combined wheel and caterpillar mount
for heavy and light artlllerv Tanks ar
equipped in the amc manner. This liiven-
lion makes It possible when running on
smooth roads m fold back the caterpillar
traction so that the lank can run on wheels.
giving it the speed of .in ordinary automo-
bile When npprnachlnx rough ground (he J
eater pi bar traction is quick l readjusted so
the machine - an negotiate any kind of rough
Conceals the Location.
The mounting of heavy gun in this man
ner on their own self-propehed mounts is J
of the blgheat mllltare importance. Military
- Inn-e ins so far developed that the l"i i
tloii of a gun can be determined by instru
mc-nlS prepared to catch the sound waves.
The result was that during the war heavy
guns soon after taking up their positions
would be located by the enemy and destroyed
by counter artillery fire.
With the new movable carriages propel! "
by gasolme povtcr these guns can be move.
about after firing a few shot. The result Is
that shells dropped on the position located
by sound waves will have nothing but empty
to deal with
The tanks com Prd with a combined wheel
and caterpillar traction have solved th
question of mobility so far as that weapon
Is concerned and have increased the effec
tivones of the lank a hundredfold
The artillery periscop? is another war de
vies whose high development was shown at
the Aberdeen experiments, This mechanism
makes It possible for tie- observer to remain
in his dugout underneath the ground and
Inspect terrain with all the advantages of
high elevation.
Secret Devices Perfected.
Other arms of the ordnance service havs
been developed concern! which cons'der
a I le secrecy It, hclng observed.
The Ordnance Department Is now conduct
ins intensely . i teres ting cxpe''msnts In the
development .r liigher grades of powder than
were ever u,i Smokeleis powder now
make- it Impoasll o. to observe the dlscliarge
nihil. -i-v i ile dav!i.-iu Government
nnii private chemists are no.r working In an
eff.nt lo develop ;i f1ashles powder which
will make the discharge of artillery non-
nt
The whole scheme and purpose of the
experiments that ic being conducted is :o
build up the highest possible form of
weapons of w Book .if that Is t!ie monlll
Ration of blghlj trained persons In the
technique of artillery practice and the plan
to mobilise the Industrial interests of the
country from manager down (o the hum' 'est
workman so thai at a moment's notice And
i ii given woid llie-wlrle countr can be
turned into a plant for t a manufacture of
all forms 'f armv ordnance,
it ,s th purpoit of (heaa pstribtJc in-
dlvldunls in the army and out of it to
tcf it that I hi country wl!l never ,01111
caught in tin- helpless position in which It
found itself at tl Itbreak of the world war
because of lb. lack or preparedness foi Jimi
a
I I
II 1
I I sgj i ssaajaair - u ssai gggggggggggmm1iM
uSuiHflHl HpsasBBasBSBBBeHsawsHBBaaasBSBs