Peeresses Seeking Rights To Seats in House of Lords I
Lady Rhondda Likely
to Have Support of
Lloyd George in Pe
tition to Kin?: for
Seating Women as in
Days of Normans
uU r ir.l, my friend ths noble lady
I W MWirt the Roue that this
H measure will In no way affect
H the prerogatives and traditions of he rham-
BJ her of which she Ifl a member?"
jH Thi question anil others couched in slml-
Ifl lar phrnsrolnsy will he heard n Greal
H Britain's House of lords ami "my friend
the noble ladV will rlt held "mv friend
the noble lord should Kins. George :!vo
WM assent 'o the petition recently laid before
him by Viscountess Rhondda For woman
Is mw knocking nl the door of the upper
house of the Rrirish rarllament and demand
Ing entrance lust as she successfully rappee
recently at llie portal of the House of Com
mons nnd In the person of I-adv Nancy Astnr
Hi wop her right to n .sent and a voice in 'he
m deliberations "I the ""Mother ol P m
BB Although I he petition of Lady Rlinndd
prayed the King to order a writ Issued sum
jB monlhg her .as ;i peeress in her own rich:
BB to serve In Parliament as a member of the
Hfl House of Lords the sovereign will not act
wM without the counsel nnd assent of his Mln-
BH liters For while the crown, accord'ng to
BH precedents, has the right to refuse to issue
BB such a snmmona the King cannot .approve
BBJ nf and issue hucIi writ unless the nimmnn
bear the great seal of the I'plted Kingdom.
which mea ns that II must have had the ip
proval of Minister of th rrown who Is
IBB ' responsible as such to Pa r I In me-i : Tn this
KH connection It Is significant that Premier
Bj Lloyd Cenrce nt the lime 'iffra?re was ex
I tended lo Ihr women of ";rcaf F.rii.ain ex-
RP pressed his aympathv with Ihelr ambition
s 'o t.i..r - iri equ ii In thai assumed bv men
Ll In the affairs of the Government
BU Jt nsn must not he overlooked that for
personal reaon the Premie-- l llkclv to
BB rive support 'afid sympathv i Ladv
BBj Rhondda Innsmuch as he wa nnd-" e-e.a'
ohljgatlon tn her fnrher the fli-st V'scoun
BBJ Rhonddo who pood Controller In the
BH days ben Ftntrland'" ihnr'Sf o fnd "as
KBt one of the most vita onetlons the Cabine'
BBl had to fa ce In the prnseen'ion of fhe nrnr
iH put th rnnnlrv on a rationing r-; that
iH averted whni i'r'nil dlesteT Th" I Tr'
iH men both Wels'imen were close fi-eiid and
i the Prepaiei-'a ,-f'nii,,a Mon fo- the tot tic- e-
iR fended to the daughter, who ha hen d-
il scrlhed as a s'jpsijh,JSiln,ls woman To-da-
iH she Is th roai Oueep of Great Pritaln con.
iH trolllns with seven or ethf "coal lne- ''
iH erea bulk of thn Undori" ohtofit of whit
i noi" Is prh" h" mo neede-1 -ommo-'lfv
iH in t-'-irope fliel.
Would M r'" Reitre Old R "'t
mB Tf ma v ! comet Ii nr of a enrri' I 'O m i V
iH to Irarn that win' Iodr nfhrtd -
hasd on ive a'cu-nen' t''ii rent le"la.
IH tlon en-ia'tee f tt noltlon of tH evn
iHl hu' 'hr cf ri--i i 'nn nf ri..htc and n-'vl'eeaj
iH eniovor' hi "o.non tn n I r. n d In se
1 of tle Vnnni -nrt th Mb' P'a n " """ et
iW so thai eOU'l i (T-ase 'rr the OTe bn
iB ttn.i,t fn t tin i-e-v crpali els of 'h" no-
iH h"'- -- Ic not
iH W'ii 'bn oi'l-c rr T"nc'a-id n-rro fr in I
iH fa v'-l er1 ',n -., 1 in n
Wore dot -1 1 '
lH trlr pn-i-V-- nflnc I lio rnnrfton"i"v ' e
SJ the ont- TT"nc nf Par I -merf f it I ben
evio'nil r-t" . r- i-c I lio POtntv l-"-rwcr
and 'be rVI ITj . t Va rii rt ikc 1 I
iHl home -nct a l-."n-i '1 fir rtli-n nnrnv o
iHjj the .Cide f-enirtH'v r""'il'ed in t'" er-
iH liic"nn 'o- r rn"i"" nn nf tle ma' litis O
i In'di'" bnue TV cfi'inn and dnv4e n' 'be
PPPN ta'e nntSI'N i-Ar-iniyrt,! n ream- riri bv
PPPPn the a nne -1 -i 1 1 vc iTiT-pl-'ft In ' 1 1 r i In (
iH or hm tl'lp ati't ranV o fb elflnc' rli'ic'e--
iH a-',, fha l-de in'l r-ttiinrc n' rp a ' ' 'ani
i 'lle were 'lie nropei'fi- of n WOntn and a
l t r hi ' r1 I r.c i" nMn lime nn -" W.Sr-tf.
nBL ward In 'al l- f (bn'r ntaee nl ll... o.'r. n' 'r.
iH men. then f.irU iMi'imrc In Ihelr IJWO
Hi r,- t-i i. : r H in f -,. beirlnntnars of maW-
iK . I.i w In Fn?land
iyUg No Le"il P-rner
H The anthorltv and Influence of fbe re.
iM l!rfru erlere upon the people, hoi b hlch
JH1SJ atii1 Ion-, ear'v iver "-eeo-jnl7ef1 a: Taetnr
B hn mu.' ha tnVi:i"ed In fi.am'nc a:iy laws.
and the alibo'n ar.d nv-h-cp pncocaed the
H rlchl to It it ,t .ie jn dm tiro' na I I i i roent
I Here inn hads of the femin'ne rellaioiis
r rdr rm nnd ihe neerecno jn their rn r?lii
vr.oke and .-ofed on the tame V.cla ,i the
men P.ut with the ndvspee from 'he t .ml-tlx-'
corir'.flons of lawmskln anrl tfl de
velopmr-n' of a more etaMIht1 Arettinnv
and "utom In the mpMn: of the f.arlla
mert the peereKe a rid the ahhee ' jp hv
ten ret1nnui.be,1 their rlchl S In share i, the
lawmaking P.y the time ihe relcni of the
three first Edwards h:ul passed the women
had fallen Into the practice of smdlr? male
proxies, uaually a close relathe. to repret-ent
them In Ihe s.'Ltin?" nlim summon e I by the
crow-n
This practice. nt first optional fcnd with
out any parliamentary act eUlnc eSal as
sent to It. became so generally accepted that
within the space of a few relent women
disappeared from the sessions nf lbs nohle
' ard fhe people and surrendered th-rr rlshr
t' participate In the malting of laws and the
' execution of them. It became the Custom
thai a commoner marrvlng a peereM .11 her
own right became entitled to 0 writ --f sum
mons to the House of Lords us her repre
sentative and proxy.
Tn the official records of the kingdom
tl ei e is a clear acknon ledgmcnt of the le
gality of such subatltnUon, In lha rase of
dlcabath, Baronesx Talboys of Kim? In hr-r
own right It Is set forth in these r-i-onls
that upon the deaih uf Ihe Baronass lth
ou. bsue. her husband. Edward Wi.nhlBh,
who until then had noted as her fein-eenta-1ie
in the House of Lords and had norne
her title, was forbidden to make vij rf tho
latter any longer and was denied ir.y fut
iher permission to sit nnd vole In h. -ppr
cham ban
Am years passed, marking siiil further ihe
' Below are six of the peeresses who may be seated in the Hons" of Lords In lare oval at right is Lady Mackworth, Viscountess Rhondda.
whose petition to the King started the agitation In large oval to the left is the Baroness of Beaumont with a title dating to 1309. and with
her heir in her arms. In all. there arc twenty-four women who may gin seats.
;
r-r..,. . .i.. k,., vim . - ' Vi - - , CopyrlEht. Kt)itoM View.
Withdrawal cif women from the actual af
fairs of government, ttirir rich, to he repre
sented became mom and rnori, forgotten and
disregarded so that after i lie- Greut Queen
Rliziibet h had gone anrl the Stuarts Came
10 the throne thi representation! of these
peeresses in their own right was Abandoned.
There was no "Votes for Women" slogan
then abroad in the land!! no Pankhurts to
dmon;t ra re anrl hunger Strike, The repre
sentation of women was confined to a very
small class whir-h v as quite obliv ious to the
Opportunity Ihilt was slipping from the
hands of women of future generations
Politics had become In its practical appli
cation a man s game, and woman had found
that (here wore Other du'.cs more congenlnl
than law making F.es!d"s. n-asoned the
fen.lulne mind. 1 cm Influence legislation
without ioing to Parliament . This ni
oulte true of the class frr.m Which- he
peercssr"-- In their own right sprang. The
voire of the great mass of women was not
heard In the bind ir thosi days. They wer?
no ejcncoted W raise th.d eyes to the
he'-rlits of O'.vmpus.
The rlglit that women had poewed from
'he flral beginning! of law making In Eng
Ijind slipped from their grip because a g-n-errillv
accepred belief and OMU that
p vresses In their own right should he con
cideird i dlsoualjfled front elth'-r "Ittlng or
being represented ' ' proxv in the House of
J.crd": became nitntn. and custom became
tradition whloh bred precedents upon which
th exelualon of the sex from the upper
hoii'e I" hi -ed Tbl i the harrier Ladv
Rhnnddn wants removed
New ProK'em if Prinrc W-H Commoner.
It la Ohvloue. Iherefore. (hat the e-tora-
tron to peereeaei in 'heir own r.ght o whom
there are lwettt.V-fOU' I" the peerages of
Rngland and Scotland, of their ancient privl-
11 L-c of lltllii: and VOtlng in Ihe rTOIISC of
Lords doe-o not necessitate anv eb-mge In
tie constitution of the United Kingdom
Such l not the case, howeeep. sl.oulrl the
:-osip now rife In London that the Prince
c' Wales i likely to choose a hri ' I from
without the rlrr-le of be blond roval cry
lalll7e Into fact Thin ln;imaion was -nn-laltied
In an article which appeared In the
I nd'in "'rr. nrd which ba been wldelv
commerted upon, as the newspaper' con
trol led hv Lord N'orthellff' have heen noted
fnj ihelr method of anticipating the an
nouncement of decisions already arrived at
!v publishing r.rgumenta to sh9W that such
nr needful or. a the case may be. would
meet with fiopi.inr favor.
Should the Prince decide upon a hrlde
from other than lb roval families the re
peal of the Ftoyal Marrlagr Act of 1772 Is
an essential condition precedent. That meas
ure, which owe Its p'acc on the statute
bonlv solely to the dominating will of rieorce
TTL. who was Incensed hv the marriage of
M hrothers. the Puke of Cumberland and
the Puke rf Gloucester to ladles who were
not tn roval birth, was fiercely and persist-
ntlv fought and onlv carried through both
house" of Parliament bv the full fore of
the Kir--"' personal Influence.
The act prohibits anv descendant of Kin?
Ceorge II. except lhoe w'ho :ire the LSBUO
of prineesse' married Into forelffn houses,
frorn contracting marriage before tho ago
of L'5 witliout the assent of the King sig
nified under the Great Seal After that ace
they may many without the roynl assent,
hut only If thev have ajven notice of their
Intention t- the Privy Council twelve
months before the ceremonv. and If the
to houses of Parliament io not s!gn!fv
their disapprobation. All marriages con
tracted in defiance of th" act are null.
Pccree Who May Take Seat
But to return to the question of the peer
esses and the House of Lords 1 1 r-r Is the
list of those who would be eligible to take
their ueats In the august chamber after the
Lord Chancellor had taken hl seat on the
woolsack should Ladv Rhondda's petition
be granted:
The Duchess of Fife. Prfnccas Arthur nf
Ponnnught. daughter of' the first Puke of
Fife and the Princess Royal, daughter of
Kini; Edward.
Countess Roberta, daughter of ihe famous
Fbld Marshal, lovingly known to the Brit
ish army and public OS "Bobs." Tim onlv
soil nnd heir of the popular soldier was
killed in ihe Boer war when attempting to
recapture British pun'- taken by the Boers
in an engagement on the Tugela Itlv. r As
a mark of respect felt by the whole nation
the title hy fecial remainder passed to
his eldest daughter following his death while
'"' v?rm
. 4g?$Vi
..My-
JpjpjBjpjBSSJSjaM BlBVgSBVgaaBBgBWBBVlR
. - s
In c?ntre panel at top Th Duchesi of Fife. Princess Arthur of Con
naught. In centre oval, baroness Clifton. In the left panel The Duchess
of Norfolk; in right panel Tr.i. Countess of Cromartie.
on a visit to tho Expeditionary Force In
France in 1 f 1 1
Tlv Countess of Cromartie; daughter of
the second Karl of CromgrJ le. w-ho succeeded
to the title after clgliteen months Investi
gation hy a sperlal ctimmlssloti into the
clauses of limitation governing the succes
sion In the rcmale line She la the wife of
LleUL-Col Ivlvard Walter Blunt.
Viscountess Wolselev daughter of another
famous SOldler who died without a male
hlr atyl whose title passed to the femalr,
hue by special remainder in recognition of
Ill's cnjtl'.ary leadership. She Is tinmarrleil
and di-VOlea herself to agriculture and gar
dening. Viscountess Rhondda 'the double "d" pro
nounced as "th" In thu). who succeedfd by
special remainder :o the title upon the death
of her fsthar. David Alfred Thomas, created
Viscount Phondda of Llanwern In 1 01 R In
recognition nf his work as Food Controller
She married Sir Humphrey Mnckworth.
There Is no heir to the title
Baroness de Bos holds the oldest baronial
litis in the kingdom, being the tvvent y-Mf t a
In line anrl the daughter of the twenty-fourth
Baron who as Premier Baron of England
did homage for the bnrons at the coronation
of King I-Mvvurd Bobert de Ros. who took
a leading part against Henry III. and wa.i
a grandson of the twenty-fifth Baron ap
pointed to enforce the observance of tho
Magna Charta. was awarded the title by
Sir Simon de Montfort nnd it was allowed
by th- House of Lords in 1SH to stand us
from that date. She married the H:n
Anthony Lucius Pawson. son of the first
Karl of Part rev.
BaiOnSSS Purnlvall, daughter of the four
teenth Baron Petre. This title was rallei
out of sbeyance In 1013. She Is unmarried.
Baroness Zoachs of Haryngworth holds a
lllle that goes hack to 131$. She in the
Seventeenth in the lino and married Sir F.
W. F G. Frankland
Baroness Beaumont holds an old Normaa
title that dates back to 1300. She married
the Hon. Bernard Fitzalan-How.trd.
BaroneSS Parcy de Knayth In her own
right Is the Countess of Powls by her may.
rlage to the fourth Earl of that name Te
title was dormant from 177S until 1909
Baroness Berkeley holds n lltle that comes
down from 120.".. the first Raron havhig ac
companied Edward 1 In his Welsh wars
New Philanthropic Enterprise Puts
Young Musicians on Road to Success
MUSICAL Charities may not. .after a'l.
require great fortunes as their
foundation Often modest Basts'
ance proves genuinely valuable to the be
ginner in the difficult field of musical en
deavor The rnerence of one woman in
this city has proved that much may be done
In a .small wav that will gladden the heart of
the aspirant who has her eyes raited to the
stars of the musical world
Three years ago a young pianist arrived
here with the most modest wardrohe pos
sible to one whD had niude the voyage from
Germany to this1 country In wartime. She
v. 1 I of a ne I tea nation of this hemisphere,
but decided after she had been 'or two yean
in Bfrlln that it would he the part of wis
dom to come hack to this country if not to
her own. She had never made her debut
ahroad although she was entirely ready for
u public apptar ui. e Hers Ihe outlook was
not encouraging. It was finally arranged,
however, that she was to give a recital at
ono of the IochI concert halls, Her means
were naturally small, but she was to get
her opportunity
After everything else had been arranged
thvre SCOSa tho question of a gown. An
evening dress was necessary. Rut the purse
of her parent was already emply. It was
then that the newest musical churity came
i" rescue. Out of a number of evening
gowm -Id in reserve for Just, such an emer
gency . liable nnd even becoming one was
found fOi he vo ing musician. She appeared
with great success. Pw young women have
met with such success during their first sea
son But tho money did nut flow in with
proportionate rapidity. So for a whole year
tho young musician, praised and supported
by the critics and the public, was only able
to appear because she had the evening gowns
provided bv this philanthropic enterprise
And the enterprise Is entirely due to ono
New York woman, although he doe have
the support of her friends. There Is no or
ganizationonly a hint comes that this
voung singer or that aspiring pianist desires
a gown which r cannot pooatbly afford to
buy. So a bn.x goes to her or she Is able to
look- over the stock and find something ap
propriate. There are always new gowns ar
riving from the friends of this ladv. who are
anxious to help In her work Sometimes the
hnx travels on unopened, as there may he a
request for a dress when the contribution
arrives. So It proceeds on Its way to the
young woman who will put It on for her
debut.
"So many women have learned of the good
work that this altogeth'-r lnfoiniul charity
accomplishes," said one of the founder's
friends the other day. "Ihat many frocks
that huvo been scarcely worn aie sent to
her to be given to some struggling young
singer or planit who wants to make a good
appearance at her concert, but would never
he able lo do it unless there was .1 gown to
be had In some such way Altera. Ions are
easy, and it is possible to converty.an aban
doned dinner now.it into a most presentable
dress for the voung woman anxious to look
her best There have been in. my efforts on
the pnrt of women who could afford It to
Help Ins musicians over the rough parts of
their path None h.is been more appreciated
by th" young women than this means of
starting them out with at hast appropriate
dress,"
Cnprlcht. Kiton View.
She Is married to Lieut. -Col. Wlgram Foley
and Inherited the title from her mother.
BarOness Went WOrtb is the third woman
ill succession to hold this title, whicli sine
Its creation in l"i0 has more often been
l-ornc by females than males.
Baroness '"""lifton is of the famous parnley
family, being the daughter of the seventh
Earl of that name and also the sixteenth
Baron Clifton. She Is unmarried.
Baroness Lucas hoId- a title that hy a
patent admits of the succession of a female
In default of a maie. She married Malor
Howard Lister Cooper of the Royal Air
Force.
Baroness Macdonald of Earnstllffe was
clven this peerage in recognition of the ser
vices of her husband Sir John Alexander
Macdonald. one time Premier of Canada- It
will expire upon her death
Baroness Amherst of Hackney has hut re
cently been granted the title hy the King, it
) living been held for years hy the mother
of her husband. Capt. the Hon William Cecil,
who was killed in the battle of tho Alsno
In ion.
Baroness Burton succeeded to the peerage
bestowed upon-her father the first Boron,
by special grant of remainder She mar
ried ol. .lames E Bruce Balllle
Baroness Dorchester Is the first Rareness
of a new creation nnd the daughter of tho
third Baron of a former creation She mar
ried Major-Gen. Richard Langford Lelr
Baroness Strathcon.a and Mount Royal is
the daughter of that bardv Canadian
pioneer Ronald Alexander Smith the last
resident Govembr of Hudson Bay com
pany's Territory as a governing body She
married Bohert .Tared Bliss Howard M P
The following appear on the roll of the
Scottish peerage
roun'rss Seafleld. only daughter of the
eleventh Earl, and hut 16 years old.
P.arone-Ts Cray, who succeeded her uncle,
who also had the title of Earl of Moray
Baroness Herries. in her own right and
bv marriage the Duchess of Norfolk, she
having married the late Puke tn 100-1
Baroness KlnlOSS, daughter of the third
Puke of Bueklngham and Chandos (now
extinct) and succeeded on his death to the
only one of his titles which could descend
to a female.
Baroness Loess who also holds the title
nf Baroness Plngwall.
Viscountess Rhondda M. it Znrrpctic.
And now what sort of woman Is this
v Iscountcssj fthondds who has hegun a, bor
Ing from without to open a way for her sex
to enter the House of Lords-' Tn the first
place she 1 57 vears old and possesses the
' lear ev es healthy ' Olor and alert move
ments that come from an enerretic life
much of which has been spent in the open
She Is quick and active both mentally nnd
phyalcall She is "a live wire." to use the
expression advisedlv. on the hoard of dlrec
tr rs of some thirty important corporation.
She is deputy chnlrrac of two large Welsh
coal companies p which she Is the principal
owner, having inherited the control from
her fe.ther. who. the son of a mine owner,
built up the Cambrian coal combination
owning twsi)ty-tWO of the most valuable
mines )n South Wales.
Her great wealth extenils Into timber pro
duction, coil shipping, the manufacture of
drugs, pianos; sadn water. Insurance, raii-
wavs nnd In addition has lm-ge In vestment I
in Interests In Canada nnd the United States
The Cambrian combine alone of which she
Is practically sole owner has mor thnn
3o.nnn workmen. 0 capital approaching
JlO nOO.OOO .and a yearly output of more than
6.000.0OO tons of coal
When Lord Rhonddr. died he not onlv held
the position of Pood Controller but was en
gaged In the formation of the new Minlstr)
of Health In JiN work ho had the Invslu
able assistance of his daughter, who for
years had identified herself with various
movements for the improvement of condi
tions primarily affecting women She be
cgms prominent before the war through her
:.rdent advocacy of "votes for Women" and
was one of the militant suffragettes. sh
was sentenced to a term of imprisonment
Cm s. tting fire to Ihe contents of n mail box
which she had filled with para 111 no and
matches. She Old not serve otlt the sentence
as she was one of the first women 10 gain
a restoration of her liberty by going on a
hunger strike, it is not unlikely should she
l.ecome a member of the House of Lord'
thai s'he win exhibit the same determination
in dealing with what she considers matters
of principle, though hardly employing tho
same methods.
Lady Rhondda's grent work In connection
w ilh the formation of tho Ministry of Heaith
i
83 9
No Legal Barrier Arises
Since P r i v i 1 e e s
Lapsed Merely by
. Force of Custom---
Who's Who Anions 1
the Eligibles
mas in delecting the defect of the bill ere-
atmg the new fiov ernment dv p.irtment so H
for as It pertained to the interests of women 1
and in securirift Us rectification. As orlr- H
Inally drawn up the measure gave women s H
total!) inndeiiiate representation In ihe ad- H
ministration In thernv the Ministry of H
Ibalth relied on a representation of both
exes on the advisory councils. But In H
reality the women would have been ounmm-
hr red by the men tvventv to one. B
The very large number of women Intl
matcly COncennsd with health work In so
i ieties and on public bodies as health inspec-
tors, district nurses and teachers had no J
representation at all on anv of the councils H
The class of women who would have most J
to do with carrying bu'l ths regulations of H
the Ministry the wnmeu who as wives and H
mothers have become the natural guardians
of public health had no representation at H
nil Not only was Ibis unfortunately n fact. H
but there was no provision for anv one to J
act as an Interm'dlarv l.etweep them and the H
Minlstrj : no one to present public opinion H
ti the new department or to bring pressure H
for Tin ' srrylng out nf recommendations H
made In the Interest of public duly. J
It was largely due to the Indefatigable H
efforts of Lady Rhondda that a watching
council was formed made up of represents- H
lives from eightv different women'" organ- H
izations In the kingdom, to watch the Inter- H
Sets of women and Interests of the nation ss H
sren by women which during the passage of H
the bill made suggestions and offered plans
tn meet Irs deficiencies. The watchers ured H
the formation of a fourth advisory council
to bo composed entirely of women to act In H
concert with the three other advisory bod'es H
already named and to have the same recog-
nltinn and privileges of direct nceess to the
Chief authority This fourth council would
come into direct contnet with the women In H
their homes, would aln their confidence, and
from the accurate knowledge thus acquired
make effective rules for public health which
the Ministry might enforce.
In Brhalf of Women 'Varker.
As president of Die Women's Industrial
League of Great Britain. Lady Rhondda d'd
much to Improve the conditions under whlh
women labor, and put her vitality nnd energ-r
Into solving their problems DlSCUSSlng
after the wor prospects, she dep'.ored the be
lief that women could be put back into the
occupations nf laundry, sewing, housework
and other poorly paid trades after having
experienced a certain amount of financial In-
dependence combined with a knowledge of J
progress 'They will refuse to go backward. "
O.e said "and It mav result ultimately In
the standards of those trades being raised
and the coinpensaf loa increased "
As r,a ihe work of tbe Industrial Women's
League sbo said. "We want to prevent laws
r.nd regulations that will exclude tromn
from opnortunltv In the most skilled trades
v hlch they are competent to master and
r've them an equal ehance wPh men "
While Mie ser disqualification act has
equalised the positi.vi of the sexes (n regard
to public appointments, technically the sov-
erehrn rn refu-e to Issue such a summons
.as Ladv Phondda pravs In her petition.
harles TT is on record ns having declined
tn Issue s wrl' of summons to Edward Knot- "J
lvs the son of the wife of the first Earl of
Banbury although the Committee on Prlvl-
te-cs of the Rouse of Lo-ds which aMs as j
an advisory tribunal to ihe Crown in su"h
matters, had declared Edwnrd Knollys to be
the flrf Earl's son and lawful heir.
Privileges the Peers Hold j
Tf Viscountess Rhondda and her slstes
peeresses in their own right, duchesses.
ccnnlecses and baronesses secure ths
ishr to sit and vote in the House of Lord.
they will presumably have all the privilege!
enjoyed hy peers of that chamber As mem-h-rs
of the House of Lords, thev cannot b
arrested except for an indictable offence anS.
charges of felony or tienson can be tr!d
onlv bv that House, all the members of
which are rrr.moned to attend Each merr.
Ker delivers his verdict In the form "upon
my honor" a decision being arrived at bv the
ire n' the m.a lorltv The trial tn 1 f0 1 of
ffrri RtlSSell was hMd before some two bun
died members of Ihe peer" sptinr as bo'h
Irdges and .hm No similar "trial hefore
peers'1 had occurred for sitv vears K peer
Is not nut upon his oath when sitting 'n
ludgment In such proceedings nor In S
rhancerv ease, but if called as a witness
either In HtSfh Court of Parliament or In o
ordinary civil ease the oath is administered
to him as to others
Peers nre not liable to serve on Inries a
Pliftlege onlv re.-entlv extended io women In
Fi.gland and fthls will not nffect Ladv
rhondda 1 are entitled o keep their hats on
In courts of lustlce To tWrl baronies those
of Klnr.ale and Forester there is attached
the singular concession of keep'p" hats on
Ir 'he presence of he sovereign To assault
a neer for even his servant In the case of a
Peer of Parliaments or o spread a libel r
speetlne him (and likewise her if the won'-i
er.tT th T.ordsl s up nfrepee treated w'h
ei eniionai severity Snd Bnallv the mem
hsrs o' 'he noMe nrdr If sentenced to bs
banged 'av rl- sntlsfsetton of khAwIng
hat n silken eoprt renst be used In swlndg -t'-em
of Tlib rl'-lley wis clnlmed bv th
eiehtb T.ord Stourton and by the fourth Karl
Ferrers
Tc Snail nnd rhc Screw
IT is nr. doubt I rue that nearlv 11 human I
Invent I6hs have been suggested bv nat- I
, ural objects. Fremont of the French I
8 hool oi Mines points out an Interesting es B
ample in lite cusp of the scievv, 'he funda- I
mental idea Of which, he believes, was sur- I
ge.sied to primitive man by the spiral shape I
of the edible snail. I
It was not the shape of the shell that sug- I
gested the ICTftW, but the spiral motion I
which it Is necessary t give lo the body I
of the snail in order to withdraw it from I
the sh' U ThH if once showed that an ob- I
ject of a screw .shape embedded In a solid B
powerfully resisted attempts to withdraw I
It by a straight pull. I
' The hint was enough, and the screw be B
came one of the esrlleat of man's Inven I
lions. I
m I