'fli
V I
I THE OGOEN STANDARD-EXAMINER
' . " 1 1 -JiU J
Remarkable Head oi ihe Fast Roman Emperor Found Among the Ruins of .
Ancient Tibur, Showing a Strangely H
e-i-rHn official Gov- U;' t-v n f P . T .
p ernment archao gs 1 Dii rerent Expression trom me
;'L'rt & & Famous Vatican Statue
Emperor Augustus I
Immense Interest, be- k'. . jN . I
cause it is a contem- 5 vf'' i j-
ii ids at a certain 1 I I
period. The world ' " ,. ?, .. "
ha- been chiefly mado WV J I
familiar with hi? appearance from tho Vj'.' ''V'v'r 'fv. v ' jfiV' ' -
majestic statue of him in armor now stand- ft"- ' ' " ,.. ffljri . " 5"; " c"
ing in the Vatican trallery- ., ' ' ' V I
The Vatican statue shows him at the vF. y r . H
hci::ht of his military career and of hi? , f I
n , str igl The newly found statue H
BboWs him a middle-aged man, bowed down t; - y Jr V'
with years of statecraft and struggle, worn i
with ill-health and perhaps excesres, al- f. , V
though Augustus was regarded as a dis- I . '.i' . ' '- i ' - . J
cr.'et ruler. The:- art several other t'NlCy " ifkCQlti&WtTTi iff ( $ -H
and heads of Augustus, but 85' "' '-Stoa V '"' ' .fl I 'ft V m iShBI3h t&HBBKi ljfiW JS1"' ?i fl
that shows the same expression as this TSt s&y.;-pffy ' .? ' ';.. '' (.. f 'H
the founder of the empire in a sense, and Ffrk.;- '" B fV
the grand-nephew of Julius Caesar Tho . iHBB i
will recall, by the kimes of Bi-utus and bis fiffi, I -' .'" v . ' J
& friends, because of a suspicion that ho "' .'- ; - Y1- ' V-- ig id , , . ' V . S I
Rt planned to be emperor. H
The archaeologists were recently improv- j'r ."'j v'. ,...7 W'' ' , 1
A ing the drainage of the excavated Mens i -fl
kA P DderariuVi the ancient Roman office of ,i " " ' ,
i " at Tibur A work- V 1 ; '.-
man -lipped down a hole, and when the V F
qthers dug down to him they found him 'Ifei' );'''-. -A B P i ' - . I I
standing on a v.onderful marble inlaid t . I -tfl7ni.J.W,t-.,:vJ km
pavement. ;n I t!:en. upun tin, I'ii 1 1 ! c i . d -" -V .- f"" ' W ' r "I . . - 5 yr . "t u
J up the perfectly preserved marble head of j Mark Antony Going to Meet . .r. Her -
I ,,r jj' Barge. From the Painting by
I The remainder of the statue was soon fc Gustave Werthcimer. JH
f; recovered icnt proved to be t . fl
that of a temple probably erected in honor ' W,
IjH of Augustus, or perhaps older It faces Jr ! v Ml
on what is now cr.lled the PiaUM del 'Olmo, '" J- tJiir
l where the Cathedral stands. It Is believed .' afl
j' that this Hot was the centre of ancient - I
T. Tibur and known as the Curia Tiburtina
jfcjQv Ou Investigation ihe statue was proved , Pl "
'' "tl i.. tiot rf Litfriietne l'.ii--nr II v. s in R. - i
iB decipheied an in- ggSk&' ' ' 1 'jjflffi C It' -
tjB scriptton reading: V'S Statue of
B "pro salute et B99HM; l j -vj4'' Augutu Caoai
I M,dc When H
August! Caesaris." ' 'i ." ' " Wai in tlx
(Than1; uilcnng f-r tpfflgm . ' ,f, ' , Prime of Life
I'l and 1 numph.
il return of our iurd IHftv 'J
I Augustu? I 1 -Hi Tho wil
1 corn the ' J
! Hf tune
:S 1 1 represents him t . fif''" ti'
l in expression and j -'uflH I:,a'''
I tBBMl The water whloh
they beat to fol-
.- t . Ill- pj'i-,, '; ..-.v. ' l"V. I a, -r.
f gira A'- M) 1 "
j If town of Tibur. and --SBBB : ea
evidently, from the , , for h 0 r owa
f in ..,.,,,:, Tr,n The Bunt of Augutu Cactar, Junt Found
9 inscription, recently I( beggar'd ail de-
cured of some severe at Anc.ent Tibur. U Particularly In- :;crlption.
Un, ii tcrcting Bccnuir It Show the
The age Of the Em- Aged, Weary Feature of Aujustuj, UDDOl
gl peror when this' Mat- A. Contracted v.th the V,Corou, Wither her. no.
ue was made is bo- Faco of lhe vt'" Statue. ,Ipr Mnt
! lieved to have been lioty."
about forl. It was made some years after
the battle of Acllum. fought In 31 B. C. w hen
Augustus defeated Mark Antony and Clco
IH patra and droe them to suicide, a Vlctoi i
that led to Augustus's assumption of the
9m title of Emperor. He was born in 63 B. C
hH Why does the great Iimperor look petu-
!anl? Is it because he regrets having pur
JB nied the fascinating Cleopatra toher death,
or Is it. perhaps because he regrets not
IH having caught her and exhibited her in
chains, which would have pleased the Ro
,JH man populace immensely? Certainly the
' il relenl ursuit of Cleopatra was one of
j-j the most strikintr features of Augustus's
JflH long and varied life.
J Soon after the murder of Julius Caesar
the young Augustus combined with Mark
Antony and Pompey to rule the Roman
world. Augustus and Mark Antony then
combined to eliminate Pompey. After that
JM Augustus proceeded to eliminate Antony.
As a girl Cleopatra had fascinated the
H great Julius Caesar, and that rankled in
the soul of hia nephew Augustus and other
Romans. Now the famous Mark Antony
fi ll under her domination. Antony aecom
'. panied her through the streets of Alexan-
H dria dressed as Osiris and in other fautas-
H Shakespeare baa told us how Cleopatra
looked when she first captivated the sus
3H ceptlbje Antony:
''The biirge she sat in, like a burulsh'd
Bum'd on the water; the poop was beaten
Purple the sails, and so perfumed that
Antony hr.d beeu married to Octavis
the sister of Augutu. and w In r. In' n l')i- t
nl this noblo lady and folhowed the Egyp
tian siren it angered the young Caesar and
helped hiy ambitions. When Augustus led
hia army against Antony he .-aid to bin
soldiers:
"It Is not against Antony, tho Roman
soldier, that we are going to fight, but
.".gainst this woman, who in the delirium of
her hopes and the intoxication of her good
fortune dreams of the fall of the Capitol
aiid the ruin of the Empire,"
Augustus met the forces of Antony and
Cleopatra near Aciium on the Ionian Sea.
Antony would have fought on land, as he
was the most popular Roman general but
Cleopatra persuaded him. in spite of the
advice of his soldiers, to meet Augustus at
sea, because she wished her large fleet to
Shajfl In the glory of the battle. Antony
then put most of his army on the ships.
Augustus, by skilful manoeuvring, threw
the hostile fleet into confusion The battle
was by no meaus lost, howover, when
Cleopatra was struck by panic and sailed
away at the head of her fleet. Antony could
not stay away from his charmer, and for
getting the men who were dying for him
ho took his swiftest galley and followed
the Queen's ship with tho purple sails.
Augustus then completely scattered the
force.-! df Antony. Cleopatra returned to
Alexandria, where she plundered the
temples, and desiring the friendship of
the Medos sent them the head of her pris
oner, tin; King of Armenia, as a gift. There
are ninny little-known details of this early
romance of world politic i,
1
. - 1 - p ' ' ' -, MHi
A Marine Theatre of the Roman Period Among the Ruins at
Tibur the Modern Tivoli.
a
After wandering through Asia Antony
rejoined the Queen in Egypt. They planned
to escape to several parts of the world,
but Augustus cut them' off. Antony, in
despair, shut himself up for a time In a
tower at the end of a pier and said he
would spend his life there alone, but, tbo
historian Duruy tells us, he could not stay
away from Cleopatra.
They founded a new society, called "Tho
Inseparable in Death," whose members aM
planned to pass their days in wild orgL
and end their lives by suicide. Cleopatra
collected all Ihe poisons known and studied
their effects upon living persons. She also
tried venomous reptiles, and decided that
the asp. which produced a uulef death
whereby the features were not disturbed,
was the most desirable.
Cleopatra and Antony offered certain
terms of submission to Augustus. At the
sume time sheseeretly invited the latter to
shore her throne. Tho crafty Augustus sent a
message giving her hope and encouraging
her to keep Antony alive so that he might
grace the conqueror's triumph in Rome.
Tho Queen sent word to Augustus that
he would llnd a private meeting with her
agreeable. Recalling how she had fascf
uated his great uncle, she believed she
could charm the nephow. She was thou
thlrty-niue. but her beauty had always
been less seductive than her Intellect,
grace and charm. Augustus remained
cold - -
Antony killed himself, as everybody
knows. Cleopatra was then In despair of
finding anybody to help her. Augustus ad
vanced at the head of his army and en
tered Alexandria.
Augustus came once to see her. She
surrounded herself with mementoes of his
uncle. Julius Caesar, and used every trlcli
she knew to arouse his plU
The conqueror listened to her in Silew S
with hip eyes Uxcd on the grouud. Then
he said, "Bo of good courage, lady," and
V ' . e-jiwwfc H'jrf Mr ,-jit My
(C) Iotcnutlooal l.jturc Sorrlco. Inr. '
Trr-f
coldly askod her for a list of her Jewels,
treasures and valuablo possessions.
Cleopatra learned from a young Roman
nobleman, whom she had ensnared, that
Augustus was planning to take her to
Rome to graco a great triumphal proces
sion. When she heard this she said: "I will
not be dragged along in a triumph." The
next, day she was found dead on a golden
bed, clad lu her royal robes, with two
women lying lifeless at her feet.
Thoro is no certainty how she died. Au
gustus, by displaying at his triumph in
Rome a statue of Cleopatra with a serpent
on her arm, confirmed the report that she
had caused herself to bo stung to death
by an asp. Augustus put to death her son,
Cacsarlon, who might have claimed to be
the heir of Julius Caesar.
Augustus became tho llr.jt Roman Em
peror a few years after this. Ho died in
14 A. D., when he was seventy-seven years
old, a great age for that time. The Saviour
was born In his reign, Latin literuturo
reached its highest development and this
was In many ways one of the greatest
epochs In the history of the world.
This Is the man whose face has now
been revealed to us by a statue as he
looked after the period of his greatest
struggles nud triumphs. Critics say that
the statue was made with high artistic
skill. It tells the story of cares and anx
ieties, advancing age and bodily heaviness
and lnllrmity. The flesh on the lace sags
down somewhat, which it does not do iu
the Vatican statuo.
The Emperor is nof now concerned with
winning battle as much as with holding
on to the enormous possessions he has se
cured. This he succeeded in doing for
many years. It Is not suggested that there
Is any lack of vigor In tho face at this
age.
The resemblance between Augustus and
his grand uncle, Julius Caesar, is striking.
There ls tho same aqulliue nose, broad
Gnat IJrluto R!ghl KrreO.
1
Ruins of the Period of Augustus at Tibur, Near Rome, Where the
New Statue of the Emperor Has Been Found. Wk
forehead, slightly wrinkled, small mouth,
wide-set eyes and curly hair.
The stutuo when in Its original condition
represented the Emperor seated with his
rieht forearm posed on his right kneo ami
the left arm raised, with the hand half
closed.
A graceful drapery covered the lower
part of the body, leaving the shoulders
nude. With the use of a little plaster it
would ba possible t i put the three parts
together and restore the statue to nearly
perfect condition. This work Is now prob
ably completed.
Tho temple found at tho same time as
the statue was of oblong form, with a beau
tiful pavement formed xt marble bricks of
different colors arranged in a mosaic de
sign. At one end was an apse, the back wall
of which was frescoed in rid with garlands
of laurels.
The other discoveries iu tire vicinity are
of great interest The "Ponderarluni." or
office of weights and measures, is still tho
subject of investigation, although it was
discovered several years ago. This Roman
off ice is the only one of its kind yet did Tk
covered. fM
It contains two marble counters where
twenty centuries ago the people of Tibur
brought i oil, wine and other liquids
to be measured.
Rome during the time of Vugustas. Il was
if V
his time, lie and other Roman poets en
celebrated Maecenas at this resort, it
lias been coxiji t tnred from internal evl- H
1 ii .i " after i to 1
Tibur and tho erection of the temple. Hi