1 IIUQE DWIBIT WIPES' ARE HNISHED AT SAN FRANCIS I
AND INSTALLATION X THE WMDt DISPLAY? BEG IN? I
ildit recent pholnnTaph of the main exhibit section of the great Panama-PaciUc International Exposition at Sari Francisco. The exposition opens on February 20 and closes December 4, 1915. Thirty-nine of tho world's great nations will participate on a vast scale,
BY HAMILTON WRIGHT.
NINE huge exhibit palaces have been com
pleted at the Panama-Pacific International
Exposition at San Francisco. Altogether
there will be thirteen main structures on
the Exposition grounds, and an Auditorium to sent
12.000 persons and to cost more than 1,300,000,
is under construction at the civic center of the city.
The result of the work fulfills every expecta
tion of the commission of famous architects to
vhom was entrusted the exposition design. To
blend and fit in with the impressive natural sur
roundings of the site At Harbor View, the great
hills that encircle the grounds on the south, east
and west, the harbor on the north, with its islands,
and beyond the Golden Gate, it was planned to
produce a single superb architectural design, and
the plan has been carried out.
The Exposition grounds, which face the harbor
for almost three miles, are occupied by three great
groups of buildings. In the center are the exhibit
palaces; upon the east is the amnsement section,
and on the west and nearest the Golden Gate is the
section devoted to the pavilions of the tbirty-six
nations that are to take part and of the states.
From the heights of Belvidere, four miles across
San Francisco harbor, the vast copper-green domes
of the main palaces, rising as high as the average
twelve-story city block, are seen to reach more
than half way to the first rims of the great en
circling hills at Harbor View. Glints of gold and
jade and sapphire are splashed over the buildings
in brilliant,, riotous colors that, in the distance, melt
together in a vast mosaic
Jo the center gronp eight of the exhibit palnces
are joined in a rectangle. Four of the buildings
face upon a 400 feet wide esplanade upon San
Francisco harbor and four face the South Gardens
between the main group of buildings and the Ex
position boundaries. The four buildings facing
the harbor from east to west are the palaces of
Mines and Metallurgy, Transportation, Agricul
ture and Food Products. To the south, completing
the group, are the palaces of Varied Industries,
Manufactures, Liberal Arts and Education. The
buildings are identical in height Their architec
ture as seen from afar is also similar, and it is
only when one gets close at hand and within the
courts that the divergences are are apparent
The dimensions and costs of the eight build
ings are:
Size, Floor Space,
Palace, Linear Ft Sq Ft Cost
Mines & Metallurgy. 451x579 252.000 $359,445
Transportation . .. 579x614 314,000 431,677
Agriculture 579x639 328,633 425,610
Food Products .... 424x579 286,690 342,551
Varied Industries . 414x541 219,000 312,691
Manufactures .... 475x552 284,000 841,069
Liberal Arts 475x585 251,500 844,180
Education 894x526 205,100 425,610
Flanking this group of eight structures upon
the east is the Palace of Machinery, costing more
than $600,000. This was tho first of the Exposi
tion palaces to be completed. Its interior arrange
ment consists of three north and south aisles, each
136 feet in height and 76 feet in width, extending
the entire length of the building, 967.8 feet Three
transverse aisles, each 126 feet long and 75 feet
wide, run east and west through the center, inter
secting the north and south aisles.
Flanking the group upon th3 west is the Palace of
Fine Arts, which is separated from the groups by a
lagoon which it partly envelops and which ia bordered
by flowers, shrubbery und trees, Riving the effect of a
forest lake in the tropics, fringed with rich shrubbery
and palms. Tha building describes an arc 950 feet ;n
lenjrtb and its area is 205,000 feet, or nearly five
acres. The Palace of Fine Arts is of steel and con
crete and is fire and burglar proof.
Opposite the Palaco of Education, in the South
Gardens, is the great Palace of Horticulture. This
huge structure covers approximately five acres and
in architecture is Saracenic. Its most prominent
feature is a steel dome 186 feet m diameter, covered
with wire netting glass. The dome is surmounted
by a half -globe, "the flower basket," 26 feet in height
and weighing twenty-eight tons. During the Ex
position the half-globe will be planted with flowers
of all kinds. At night the dome will become one of
the most spectacular features of the Exposition.
Kaleidoscopic lights from within will play upon the
glass, giving the giant sphere the effect of a huje
iridescent soap hobble. South of the Palace of
Varied Industries .nd also in the South Gardens,
Festival Hall, a rendezvous for conventions in 1915,
is under construction.
The eight exhibit palaces forming the rectangle
are divided by three avenues running north and
south and one east and west. At the intersection of
the east and west avenue with the north and south
avenue lie three great courts of honor, the walls of
the four building? surrounding each court being
identical to form the oval of the court. In the center
"of the group :s the great Court of the Universe; on
the west, paralleling the Court of the Universe, is
the Court of the Four Seasons, and on the east is
the Court of Abundance. Vast colonnades encircle
the courts, running from their openings on San
Francisco harbor hack to the courts themselves
From almost any 'point of view, the visitor while
traversing the courts will gain flashing glimpses of
the blue harhor between the lofty rolonnades.
The Court of the Universe is 750 feet in width by
900 feet long and resembles somewhat in shape the
great pla7n approaching the Church of St Peter at
Rome. The effect of the court is magnificent
Corinthian columns encircle it The walls of the
palaces hehind the columns are colored a burnt
sienna, while the vaults of the corridors are ultra
marine blue. The columns are the shade of the
exhibit palaces, a faint ivory vellcw, tho color of
imitation Travertine stone. The columns of the
Court of the Four Seasons are Roman Ionic, modi
fied with a touch of modern detail. This court is 840
feet square and opens to the north on San Fran
cisco harbor by a colonnaded avenue 4T3 feet long
and 173 feet in width Through i passage in a
great niche or half-dome at the south end of the
court it opens into the Court of the Palms.
The east court, or Court of Ahundaitce, is similar
in size and shape to the Court of the Four Seasons.
An arcade, dominated by a great Oriental tower, 270
feet in height, upon the north avenue of the court,
encircles the court Between the courts along the
intersecting cast and west avenue are great open
patios where the ornamentation o ih walls of the
palaces is very lavish. The patios are cut off from
the courts by huge colonnades, so that each presents
a distinctive schsme of color and decoration. The
prevailing decoration of these vast open aisles is
Pompeiian with shades of green and terra cotta, of
robin's egg blue and Venetian red, blending in mar
velous mosaics.
The outside walls of the central group of eight
palaces forms an almost continuous facade. Through
out its entire circuit of the group its circuit is un
broken save by the huge and highly decorated portals
and entrances to the exhibit palaces, by the openings
of the courts upon San Francisco harbor and by the
two other minor court;, that open out upon the South
Gardens
Throuehout the circuit of the vast encircling
facades there is regularity in the architecture. In
the walls of the stately palaces are green latticed
windows with a wealth of gold and terra cotta show
ing behind the network of the green. The windows
recall those of the great monasteries. Repeated
groups of statuary, lofty Corinthian and Ionic col
umns, stately portals and a profusion of ornamental
trees, some of them fifty feet in height, and shrubs
contrast with the prevailing ivory tint, tho walls
lending life and beauty to the ensemble.
And in this great shell, which is to house the ex
hibits of the world, wiP, the world's progress be
worthily exemplified. Italy, which has appropriated
$400,000 toward the exposition, was the last of the
foreign nations to dedicate its site. Signor Ernesto
Nathan, former Mayor of Rome, who visited San
Francisco as commissioner from Italy to the exposi
tion, promised that his country would make the finest
display ever presented by Italy at a foreign exposi
tion. "Argentina will make a representation unsur
passed among the nations." said His Excellency
Romulo S Naoitt when the Argentine dedicated its
site last fall. That Argentina's exhibit will be ex
tensive may be inferred from the fact that the great
South American republic has appropriated $1,300,000
gold for its participation. The exhibit will include a
vast live stock display in the live stock pavilions
and illustrative displays of Argentina's schools,
churches, theatres and educational methods. Canada
will make a huge exhibit of the argicultural re
sources of the Dominion. The great Canadian pa
vilion, to cost 5300,000, is structurally completed and
the finishing touches will be put on next fall. Canada
appropriated (800,000. France will expend $500,000.
The figures run high Thomas G. Stallsmith, one of
exposition commissioners to the Orient, has given jfl
out a list of the appropriations of the Oriental eoun- 'M
tries: China, $1,000,000; Philippine Islands, $600,- 'H
000; Japan, $600,000; Australia, $-100,000; Siam, ' iH
$250,000; Dutch East India, $250,000; New Zealand,
$200,000; Cochin China, $150,000.
Although Germany will not participate officially,
more than fourteen hundred of the leading manu
factures of Germany will be represented; $125,000 " jH
is devoted to an exhibit of a single manufacturing
industry, that of Potash, and the construction of the
potash building has begun. Six hundred cf the lead-V
nig industries of Great Britain will combine in a""""V-
collective display, despite the final refusal of the jH
government to participate. Here is a iist of the
participating nations: Argentine Republic, Australia, iH
Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, China, Costa Rica. Cuba,
Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, I'M
Guatemala, Haiti, Holland, Chile, Honduras, Italy,
Japan, Liberia, Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua,
Norway, Panama, Persia, Peru, Portugal, Salvador,
Spain, Sweden Turkey, Uruguay and Venezuela. IH
More than 230 great international congresses
and conventions, at which more than 500,000 acred- J
ited delegates will assemble, have voted to meet in
San Francisco in 1915. It is expected that fully 500
conventions will have decided to meet in San Fran
cisco by the time the exposition opens. The dele- jH
gates to these assemblages will come from every part
of the globe, and leaders in art, science, in lustry and
in the teaching of ethical propaganda, will Present in
standardized form the results of the world --hvJt-if H
efforts in recent vears. A resume of the conventions iH
that have voted to meet in San Francisco dis
closes the following activities: Agricultural socie- N-vfc.
ties, 25; business, 20, educational, 21; fraternal, 37; H
genealogical, 7; Greek letter fraternities, 23; govern- IH
mental and civic, 16; historical and literary, 5; in
dustrial, 15; labor, 9; professional, 15; religious 9; IH
scientific, 20; social service, 8. jB
One of the most interesting conventions will be B
the International Engineering Congress. The Engi- 'Hj
neers of the Pacific Coast have already raised a K&
large sum to finance tho congress and the five great Hi
national engineering bodies comprising the congress - .Ej
have also guaranteed to aid in defraying the ex- jE
penses of the meeting. An exhaustive discussion . WmP
will be given to the construction of the Panama H
Canal, among the subjects, and the proceedings of
the congress will be published in standardized form. ifl
Col. George W. Goethals has been tendered and hat tiM
accepted the chairmanship of the congress.
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