The Ogden standard. [volume], August 22, 1914, 4 P.M. City Edition, MAGAZINE SECTION, Image 18

About The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1913-1920

Image provided by: University of Utah, Marriott Library

                
I I ) -. - HHi B "jessa "
B THE STANDARD MAGAZINE SECTION QGDEN, UTAfl, AUGUST - C'
I' High Cost ot Gunpowder and Its Growing .
4 Uselessness Against Modern Armor Plate, SHML. I
Hi The cowing cost of war Is rorc-
H tng Inventors to discover cheaper
Hj ihethoda or fighting. Gunpowder
is too expansive. The deadly lethal
H, is to lake Its place in the future,
Judging from present indications.
In place of the giant guns which
Hj fire away thousands of dollars
minute, the cheaper lethal will be
discharged from suns like those
ti.-od by Mahomet when he captured
Constantinople In 1453,
History Is vague concerning; the
terrible lire Mahomet turned loose
on the capital of the Greece of the
Middle Agea Ali that is known Is
that the Mofitm hordes burned the
elcaguered citizens in their homes
They shot the cross from the roof
or the Church of St. Sophia and
when they rode up (he streets of
the city of Constantino the Great
they nnnihllated the soldiers of the
cross wh dared stand in their ivni.
Greek lire used to combat them
was of no avail, it was little mom
effective than a skyrocket of the
present time would be, Fired from
hand grenades and from catapults
the ammunition of the Moslems
Withered the guardians of the clY
ilization of the Hast and conquered
the only protection (or the mar
chants of Genoa attempting tQ gain
a to
Since that lime war has under
Rone remarkable changes. It has
((rown nfore costly all the time and
has become more closely organized.
The man without money is jtist ad
good a tighter as the man with
money because the government
criuips him. It costs more than a
million dollars a day to" maintain
en a small navy In time of war.
should ;, battleship go into action
It would shoot away more than
million dollars' worth of ammuni
t ion in le than an hour Flying
machines are adding to the cost of
Now comes lethal to solve the
problem. Experiments, made in
England show that lethaj bombs
thrown by hand ure more deadly
than gun powder bombs. They c.
plode without great precusslon and
onsequeotlj do not bury them-"".-Ives
deep in the soil before ex
plodlng None of the force Is
lost. They an be discharged with
hand grenade. riHe Kicnades or
With the catapults Mahomet used,
and still be more effective than the
weapons Uncle Sam came, in era
n.'B Armor has no effect against the
onslaughts of lethal bombs Ai
mor has become more and nmrn
expensive since tin days of the uai-
v j lle r lhe Monitor anu Uerrima
in
In sriite of this expensive armor
however. It is ineffective agalnM
.yJi ,h" Onslaught of gunpowder, A ni w
and deadlier weapon is needed and
the lethal bombs supplies the need.
War has ceased to be the occupa-
5gK tion "r 'he highly hero;. formerly
w- BWore lh- dawn of lhe age
KjjMl "f gunpowder the knights rushed
to !uttle where they fought gal-
Egv9 lantly auainst ea. h other hand to
gti harid- ThaI kind or fighting look
HfgjB nervfc Toda we lire si the enemy
Seal :,ri' r measuring his location with
BpHBI mathematical accuracy; Present
day ways of fighting hai. don
awaj with the oj style close ror
BS9 matldn Of armies We hare had to
H scatter out.
M; When lethal is perfected w will
ha.e to scatter out still more
Hal MtMoi: u,r, B I7SEX.ESS
jPBM roo EXPENSIVE.
Armor will be iumJoss and a-o
oo expensive. a battleship ran
H M-M"' an8t this wonderful
n-rent. Men will have to St.a,le,.
BIB '"it more than ever and if they are
IfQU '" Protected with armor or
breastworks, the breastworks will
H nae to be constructed on such
they will cdSI so much
HH 11,0 nations cannot afford them.
BBB Hand to hand fighting .vjll return
HHl Again we hear of
H dividual heroism, so rare in the'"
lays of fighting. An army of men
BHl barging In irh elo.se forma tin;;
H will be wiped out lethal
H her- John Paul Jones, the first
H Amerlran Admiral, scoured the
H ' 1 be 'ii-t ships with their decks
UHJ ov'cred With men. A different sight
H pcots the ee a? sea now. In time
H f battle or even In tipie of target
ira,ctlce the battleship seems '
H trangolv deserted and bare, for its
fl decks are denuded of mf-n. while
BH ill rails and other upstanding ln-
HK ?t)itibranccs have been laid Hat on
H 'I be gun turrets, five of them, are
H trained around with the long, lean
BBBBsi
, "
muzzles ot tr..-ir twin weapons
pointing out over the sea. and every
now and then one of the guns
twitches ever so slightly or a fur
ret revolves a little, as the gunlay-m-
keej) their sights aligned on the
distant target
The ten bi- rifles the ship car
ries are powerful weaj.ons. Pach
one of them is over fifty feet long
and weighs close on eighty tone,
while Iholr liSou-pound shells .an
be hurled to a distance nf over 1 1 f -
teen mile.. The enormous proje' -tiles,
too. leaA'Q. th" mn.bs at the
rate of 1.800 miles an hour, ami can
penetrate the thlokeat armor .itfoat
at a range of five thousand yards.
Hut now as the ship moves on
through th w.iier with tt sharp
bow sending up two little oascados
of spray on either side of tlv stem
it look- like a great mastodon un
controlled by man. There are no
aijens of life on hoard nothing ex
cept th.- twitching gnu turrets ami
the black smoke rolling from the
.iuai funnelai which tells or the
men laboring below. But every
man on board Is a) the station he
would occupy in action, and before
lonj; the uproar ol lhe guns will
have begun.
In the conning tower, with Its
12-Inch armor, stands the aptain.
his navigating Officer, a Junior of
ficer or two, and several other men.
The small, circular erection, bire
ly ten feet in dl.imat' i. icarnt i i y
cramped for all It has to contain.
Above lhe conning lower Is an
other armored ere tion. containing
a range finder, ami inside this Is the
gnnnerv lieutenant. with half a
t)OZen more nlfi. i is ahd men. He Is
surrounded by strange looking In
struments, while the man at the
range Under, with his eyes at lis
rubber eyepieces, is monotonously
hanting out the distance the ap
proaching target.
TAm.PT LOOKS SMM.I,
IX THE DISTANT E,
To the naked eye the target it
self a great, lattice work struc
ture, towed by another battleship
looks ahsourdly small and insig
nificant at its six-mile range. Rut
the gunlayers In the turrets are
provided with telescopic sights, and
these, with their powerful lenses,
serve to counteract the difficulty
Inside the turrets themselves the
expectant men are grouped round
their guns. The great projectiles
ami the . orditc i barges behind them
have already been pushed home by
the hydraulic rammers, and, since
their weapons are thus fully load
i 'I the un's erews are idle for the
time being.
Rut the gunlayers the men who
8 i" and lue the guns and the
trainers those who keep them
pointing In the right direction are
anxiously keeping the sights on the
target; ahd every now and then, as
they move their small brass handles,
there is a wheezing of machinery,
and the great breeches rise and fall
ever so slightly, while the whole ar
mored structure containing them
revolves an Inch or so at a time to
kei i t he sights on.
minute or tWO later, after nn
order has come from the control
)" sitloh, the lieutenant in charge
of the foremost turret suddenly
raps out the order. '"Rrlng both
guns to the reads !"
The men standing by the breeches
Hick over their small levers, "night
gun ready! Left gun ready!" they
report in rapid succession.
The range, meanwhile is decreas
ing rapldlj and about ten seconds
later there cornea the strident rat
ii ng of an elei trie bell.
It is the signal to open fire The
gunlayer holds his breath, sees the
cross wires of his telescope cutting
the lattice work of the target and
then presses an innocent looking
brass thumbplece. As he does so,
. there is a roar, and with a bla7e of
orange flame and a pall of brow n
smoke, a projectile weighing more
than half a ton Is sailing through
the air on Its wav towards the
target
Outside the turret the concussion
Is terrible, but Inside It Is barely
felt and the only means the gun's
crew has of knowing I heir weapon
has gone off is by the rocking of the
turret and the recoil of the gun.
The men, meanwhile, are work
ing like demons. Someone, by
moving a small lever has opened
the breach. A cloud of acrid cor
dite smoke (Ills the turret; but an
other man, turning a tap. sends a
Jet of water spouting into the
chamher to extinguish any still
burning fragments.
Rverythlng seems chaos. but
everyone knows what to do thov
have done it time after time, and
In less than thirty seconds we hear
a Sharp order: 'Right gun load"'
A man moves an upright lever,
and a miniature lift climbs Into
view through the floor. It has come
"l from the shellroom below laden
with the new barge and projectile,
and stops dead in the rear of the
gun.
Reposing In a tray Is tin shot It
self. Another lever Is worked, and
a flexible chain hydraulic rammer,
looking like a snake darts out of Its
resting place and pushes the shot
before it Into the breech of the gun.
It Is drlvt-n home with a dull
thud. The rammer Is withdrawn.
I
--yr yr - Mwsssi -1 pijsw3 - -
another handle is pujjed, and two
tam cylinder, of Cq
"Ite fall info the tray Just V;l.
' '" Projectile. They, too
are rammed home, and, before we
weapon Is ready for firing.
In the lire control position tne
gnnnery lieutenant has seen o
target, and promptly whispers on
order , o a man a, hi, side, ThelaT
tet moves a small h..ji
thirty iecohdsterre
UPPER left An Ameii
can marine at Vera
Cruz fighting snipers. Up
per ri,e;ht One of our
dreadnaughts. Center The
fleet we have to maintain
for 'fuel only. Below The
effect of lethal weapons,
showing the effectiveness ol. jj
hand grenades, rifle gren
ades and howitzer grenades.
Drawings show some of the
old-fashioned weapons of
the days of Mahomet.
another discharge.
In about ten minutes It is all over.
and the ship Is approaching the
target to see the rer.ult of Its shoot
ing. The structure Is badly bat
tered, but most of 'he lai'.ice work
I- still standing, and Is riddle i with
holes.
The captain and gunnery lieuten
ant are both on the bridge with
telescopes to their eyest
"Very good shooting:" murmurs
the former.
"Not so bad, sir, ' agrees his
junior
Oil From Tomato SoedL
Government experts who arc in
terested in agricultural by-products
and the utilization of waste are fol
lowing closely reports which come
to this conntr;. of the new tomato
seed oil industry Which Is growing
up In Italy. Experts of the Depart
ment of Agriculture believe that
process will soon be Introduced sue-.
issfully in this i ountry.
The making of oil from tomato
seeds Is comparatively a new indus
try In Italy, and was started at
Parma In 1910 The seeds "are tak
, en from the tomato refuse from rat-
sup and canning factories, and ths
..ii extracted from the seeds is used
extensively in tho manufacture of
soap. The Italians are now con
ducting experiments looking to the
manufacture of an edible oil from
the crude- tomato seed oil. and hls
oil. it is expected, will become a
cheap substitute for olive oil in the
preparation of food.
The tomato seed oil industry was
BUC c!-sful in Italy from the first
yeajrk and at the present time be
tween 6.000 and S.000 tons of wet
tomato refuse are worked out id
the industry In this way each eyar.
It i estimated that the 8.000 tonJs
of wet tomato refuse will yield ap
proximately L',400 tons of dried resi
due, which In turn, yields 2 4 0 tons,
or nearly 65,000 gallons, of tomato
seed oil. Besides the oil yielded
from 8.000 tons of tomato refuse, it
is estimated that 1.300 tons of oil
cake Is produced as a by-product,
and this has taken an important
place as a stock food In Italy. There
about about S00 tons of toniato peel
in each 8.000 Ions of wet refuse
front canning factories. and al
though no particular use has been
found for the peel up to the pres- gU
enl lime, the Italians are making &
xperlmenta with the object of find- !
Ing out Its value as a fertilizer.
The establishment of the tomato
seed oil Industry in Italy has given
nn added source of Income to the
tomato preserving and catsup fac
tories from the sales of the refuse
material which was formerly thrown
away The seeds from the tomato
preserving factories sell for slightly
more than 14 cents per 100 pounds,
and the wet refuse just as it comes
from the factory sells from 4 Ji. to
B cents per 100 pounds. It is nee
easary to collect the wet refu
dally, as it ferments within fort"
eight hours If allowed to stand Al
though it will always be Impossible
to produce large enough quantity
of tomato seed oil to make it rlvil
therthe ..live oil or cottons ed n$
experts of the Department of w,
culture bMleve that the TndurtryvS
yield product which win k 7
rjady market at air UmZ nd"lfl
BTlve to the tomato producW tJl
e-ts and manufact Jiei wit
OWC of income from a " 71
by-product,