The Ogden standard. [volume], January 02, 1915, 4 P.M. City Edition, MAGAZINE SECTION, Image 16

About The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1913-1920

Image provided by: University of Utah, Marriott Library

                
. Ill
H THE STANDARD MAGAZINE SECTION QGPEN, UTXH, JANUARY 2, 1915.
One of the Important d tails of
the modern military arrangement
Bll is to have plenty o( watchmen on
hand to guard the bridges in lime
I of war. Every bridge In Germany
is careful guarded. rJ Ik same lo
I ; true uf Hi- bridges in England, Rus
BL ,md Frame. H these i
HI were not guarded spies could dyna-
II mite the bridges and tie up troop
l' movements.
H It takes days to rebuild bridges,
fl and in the meantime battles ean be
But in this land of peace there
A are even now whole companies of
men guarding the bridges. The
business of keeping the bridges in
repair and watching them costs
H millions in money annually. On
0
represent a cost to the 5lty of
scores of millions i f dollars. Tlv ir
maintenance occupier the time and
thought of a small army of men.
Mu h of their work is of an cx
rcedincl) dangerous --ha racier.
The huge masses which make u,
a bridge sway and swing in Un
wind, and bend and glv under a
heavy load, as if they were steel
hammocks. They contract on a
cold winter's day and expand n a
hot summer! day Their height
above the water varies as much as
four Eeet between the two season.;.
Stone and steel towers a'iko bend
and buckle under every stress and
strain in a way that would terrify
the uninitiated if he knew the d -gree
to Which this occurs. But ru.-t
is the hief concern of the com
missioner. Keep the metal well
covered with paint and the burdi n
fit " ' '
n l
B every big bridge there are inspec-
H tors and watchmen Cor day and
H nigbt Work. Spanning our great
H central waterway, the Mississippi
B River, there arc many bug bridges
H which require much ait'.ntion. Bui
B these bridges are only pari
B of The great bridge work of the
B country. All through the Rocky
Mountain regions and all through
B the East there are Immense bridge
B structures, wtiti h require constant
B attention. In time of storm and In
time of calm, these bridges need
constant watching.
New York "ity, with her forty
Bf five big bridges, has the most coin-
B, plete system of Inspection in the
b Some years ago something gave
B way on Brooklyn Bridge. Tam-
man) Hall nd th bridge's thou-.
H sand of patrons got a bad scare.
'j-he fright vvas caused by what the
B break signified it was not alto-
-ether that a piece of metal had
B nuit performing its dlitj Vhc in-
spectlon service was so poor that
1 th danger had not been discovered
H until something actually let go. Tin
QU V l8 '",S UhUl'' - U "' "
H ture honeycombed with rut and
undiscovered fractures"' fCobqdy
H knew That WAS what scared Tam-
H many Hall and the public. Tara-
many Hall officiate were In charge
B f the structure.
B The bridge has never suffered for
lack of laint or In8DStlon oc
The present bridge commissioner,
Frederick H- Krucke. is a greater
believer in the free application of
Dslnt and of preventive mcMUfM
than any of his predecessors fca
ther Knickerbocker has entrusted
B forty-five bridges to his care, lhey
of the department is lightened Im
measurably. 860,(MF0 TO PAINT
IlKOUKLW BRIDGE.
Fainting the bridges is not a
task ici be undertaken Lightly by
the unadvised. It involves dan
gers not to be found in interior
decorating. The bridges require a
i bating of this preservative as
often is onCe In trom three to five
years. Jl is a job that every cum-
misslbnei tnusl onsidat at least
. ri in the course Ot his term of
office! Commissioner Kracke is
now completing the $60,000 JoB of
painting the old Brooklyn Bridge.
The painters are scrambling all
o've'r the structure, now up on the
cables -40 feet above the water,
now on narrow foot walks between
the vertical girders Inclosing the
elevated tracks and the third rail,
trains passing at minute intervals
within elbow reach; and now on
8; a i folds suspended beneath the
bridge with nothing but a plank
separating them frum the waters
of the East River l'0 feet below,
and the masthead of a ra?slns
schooner threatening lo tear their
foOthbld from Ihe structure.
It is said that the human body
is prietically renewed once every
Meven vears Particle by particle
the old, worn out tissues are re
placed by fresh. In this respect
a steel bridge, especially one of
the suspension type, is like the
human body: lis Innumerable
members are constantly being re
placed. The riveter, like the in
spector, is always on the Job The.
swaying due to passing trains and
the wind, and ihe expansion and
contraction due to changes in tem
perature, even changes due to the
position of 'he sun In the course of
(he flay, all tend tu cut off rivets
and loosen bolts.
This last factor in the wear and
(ear on the fabric of a bridge is
more important than most per
sons would think. In this latitude
the sun is always south. Should
a' bridge run east and west, one
side (Luring tho period of daylight
would be continually subjected to
the direct rays of the sui. The op
posite side rarely, if ever. The
sunny side of the bridge will be
appreciably longer than the shady
side, due io the fact that the heat
ot ihe sun's ras expands the
metal work This condition Is
actually found in the three sus
pension bridges over the K.ist
Bher The Brooklyn and Wil
liamsburg bridges run almost duo
east and west. On those struc
tures the steel work on the suuth
side la always expanded more in
ihe middle of the day than the
north. ri the ease of the former
bridge little trouble results, ow
ing to the lightness of the struc
ture, but on the latter, suspended,
as it is. by the main span only,
' l here is an eccentric movement of
the steel members. As a result 11
became necessan to cqt oft the
Qanges on the floor girders There
as danger that thej would chafe
against the suspenders and per
haps cut them off. as with a saw.
It was, also necessary lo remove
the Manges of Ihe les of the main
towers In order to eliminate the
danger due to the landward pres
sure of the massive chords of tho
trusses. The expansion was so
great hat it threatened to push
the towers toward tho shore. In
this bridge there is an almost con-
UPPER LEFT Brooklyn
Bridge, and a painter
at work on a railing. Upper
right Manhattan Bridge
afire. In circle Eads
Bridge, photographed trom
the wirtg of an aeroplane.
Lower left Mckinley
Bridge across the Missis
sippi. Lower right Anoth
er bridge across the Missis
sippi in course of construction.
slant excess of length op the south
side over tho north side of about
three inches.
Just at present a sang ed thirty
five riveters- are laying ;i steel curb
alon-r the roadway of the Brook
lyn Bridge,
sl'lll l) RETARDED
TO PRRVEN I J Alt.
In order to protect the bridges
everything feasible Is done to save
them from unnecessary jar-, shocks
and other nerve-racking exper
iences. This means that as far a
possible the railroad companies and
th traveling public using the
bridges shall not be permitted,
through the employment of defec
tive eqiilptrient, to Injure or over
strain the structures. Too high
speed, Hal wheels, Budden stopping
and starting of trains and arious
other forms of carelessness on the
pari of the operating ornpanles may
have a very serious effect on the
condition and safet) of the fabrics
The routine of an avoraue day s
maintenance work on one of tin- big
Eat(t River bridge? calls for carpen
ters, steel workers, painters, clean
ers and men to mak' ordinary nn
specialized repairs. The maintenance-
also includes the can ol l)i
properties under the bridges and
that taken for the protection of the
brld gcs.
Incidentally, it may be added
the roadways of the East River
bridges present an Interesting and
vexing pioblem. The Brooklyn
Bridge, for Instance, will not bear
the weight of stone paving, and in
consequence wood paving of some
sort has to be employed; The road
ways require hundreds of thousands
of square feet of spruce planking.
sW"'" "lJV "V" '.ps;' pipu
Large ans? of men are constantly
oc upied keeping this In repair.
i"ie experimental pavements of
wood blocks are beins tested out
6h ihe north roadway on the
Brooklyn tower, in the hope of dis
covering a more economical and
better wearing pavement. The
way on the' Williamsburg Bridge
was laid on 8 series of steel beams.
The concrete In places has buckled,
forming waves In tho surface. The
promenade was laid on a specially
'Alaska la a land of opportunity
especially for women. A woman
ran go anywhere alone, whether
through the wilderness drlvlwg her
dog sledse or in the sturdy voung
cities like Fairbanks and Noma
Women and men pal together
out in the big Northwest. They are
friends, not commercial rival.- or
:- x antagonists, as so often h.i"p ns
in Eastern civilization. Chaperons
are unknown and unnced.
"As for romance'" Mrs. Picrson
i
devised layer of cork, which rested
on an iron tlooi Ing. Water has ac
cumulated in the cork layer and
tho dread enemy, rust, has eaten
away the iron base.
All in all, there is enough to keep
the bridge commissioner busy, even
if no new bridges are in process of
onstructlon.
Alaska's Need.
According to a certain slender,
brown-eyed little woman Just
ba k from Alaska s wilderness,
New York has loo much civilisation,
too many chaperons. and not
nough romance
The first loads us with useless
customs and Ineffectual laws. The
seconel robs us of 'palahip" between
the sexes. The third causes a fe
verlSh rushing ahout after an and
every diversion which momentarily
feeds the soul and senses.
Now. out Yukon way, it's differ
i at People live only in the thu srs
that count courage, work. Love,
human sympathy. And there is lots
of it gping begging, specially love.
"Send us worthy women," says
Alaska, "and we will show them
what love and appreciation lntvn'"
Mrs. Robert II Pierson. wife of
.1 captain of the medical porps,
United Slates Army, has just re
turned lo eastern civilisation ait r
two years spent at Fort Gibbon.
This pot Is so near the- Arctic
Circle thai vou have to wear a bit
of rabbit skin on your nose to Keep
it from Freezing. And Uicn you put
a pan of boiling water on Ihe floor
for the puppy dog to drink it Is
solid he before he has taken three
laps of It.
' It sounds frightsome," laughed
Mrs Plerson, "but Alaska has so
much to recommend that a triile
like 60 degrees below zero can bo
forgiven.
"In the two years I was there I
met more real people and learned
more of the M", fundamental
things that make life worth living
than in all the rest of my exist
ence put together.
closed both eyes and raised her
hands toward the oeiliug in an ex
presslve gesture of superiat: cness.
"One cannot keep a housemaid
She remains a housemaid onlv lon-
'nough to be spied by some lonely
claimstake r. After that, as the
" laimstaker s wife sin- liecomes an
employer of housemaids, who in
turn become mine owners' wives,
who in torn employ more- house
maids, wljo in turn marry more
mine owner.- and so on and so on
and so on!
I used to invite school chums (o
visit me, and before I had had a
chance to show them around they
informed me they had met their
ideal man and were going io be
married right off.
"I never saw such an active mat
rimonial market. And I cannot
too positively that ih- Alaskan nun
are the most worth while of any in
the world. They have to be fine
men physically and morally to
overcome the hardships of Alaska's
wilds."
liout Poland.
The National Geographic Society
of Washington has given out the
following Information about Gaii
cla: Most of old Poland which sur
vives, In race and in political con
sciousness. In typical culture and
in folk character, survives in tho
Austrian crown bind of Gallcia.
Under the more sternly repressive
rule of Russian and German over
lordship, the Poles iii Russia and
Germany have been driven little by
little from their stronghold of na
tional fceliiih' They arc becoming
half-hearted Russians and Ger
mans, for Russia and German have
lone all In their power to assimilate
the well-nigh unaasimilable Poio
Tn Gallcia, however, with a consti
tution of their own, under a per
plexed and lenient central govern
ment, a consciousness of old Poland
remains and has grown in intensity
in recent times.
Hemmed in by Russia on tho
' 1 issj i
by sr. at land owners in estates of
more than 1,400 acres, and one-half
are held in blocks of 14 acres or
less. Gallcia I.? agricultural. It hag
little mineral wealth nnd less indus
trj Much of its "0.H21 squarsJ
miles are mOrasS, sand or forest
I mds, and all el--c Is given over to
farming. True. In the Carpathian?
arc found the richest oil fields In
Kurope, and etooiI Tine mines and
rock salt quarries are worked. Still,
j!s mineral wealth has small slgnifl-
P
cance. The forests, which arc esti
mated to cover one-quarter of tho S
whole surface of Gallcia. contributa
to a large lumber trade with Ger-
many.
I 1
Bolivian Ruins. N
The Bolivian Government has re
centlj enacted a law winch forbids
the carrying oft or wilful destrue-
Hon of that portion of the ruins oC
the ancient city of Tiahuanacu
which vandal hands have left In
tac ll-Ti- once stood a larcc and
populous city, but it has lain in ruin.1
so long that even the legendary loro it
of the Incas, who traced an unbrok- ( ,
en line of kings back to the elev
enth century, is dumb concerning
the people who built it Tt lies not w
far from the southern end of Lake
Titlcaca its ruins covering mi area ,
or aboul a s.ii;ire mile. The ruins &)i
themselves include the remnants of
temples palaces and other great
structures. The ruins are located
13.000 feet above the level of tho
sea on a vn.st plateau where tho
constant cold prevents the maturing
of cum or ,,thf.r --rain. At present
potatoes, oca and some other clible 0,
roots are grown, but the region sus
taini only a scantv mountain popu- ' .
latlon. The city once covered a
large area, the great structures were
built by Skilled masons. One stone
Is :h feet long by 7 feet wide and
weighs 170 tons another Is L'OxlG, of
and i feet thick. Only the nmno
lnhs of ancient Egypt equal those
found in Tiahuanacu. The move- J 5
tnent and placing of such monoliths "rtA
point to a dense population, lo an 2Ss
organized government, and eon?e-
qui nils to a large agricultural area
with means of I ra nsnortation from
Various directions. Theonh tenahlo
explanation is that at, the time when
Tiahuanacu nourished the Andes
were from 2.000 to .,ooo feet lowT
than at present. Ct
,,;
Clc-aring the Way.
Newrich So she now Ion;,-; for- 1
ward to a perfectly happy life? . J
Mrs. Newrich Yes. She has"
snubbed the last of the old friends
who knew her In the early day
when she was poor. Town Topics.
J
sj iflMfl