The Ogden standard. [volume], July 05, 1916, 4 P.M. CITY EDITION, Page 4, Image 4

About The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1913-1920

Image provided by: University of Utah, Marriott Library

                
H , 4 THE OGDEN STANDARD: OGDEN. UTAH, WEDNESDAY, JULY 5, 79To.
H ESTABLISHED 1870.
BBBBBl
H As. Independent Newspaper, puo
H hlahed every evening except Sunday,
1 without a muzzle or a club.
1 1
H ROOSEVELT AND HIS
H FIGHTING RECORD.
H There is one mnn in the United
fetates whose voice is always for war
B knd the gentleman Is none other than
P Theodore Roosevelt, hero of San Juau
H But Theodore, in actual war, some-
: times Is a quitter. He started a wag
Hi on the Standpatters of his party and
H the Standpatters administered a little
Hj. tflattery. Then the man from Oyster
HJ iBay gave up.
H Had Roosevelt genuine fighting
H) iblood, he never would have surrend-
H ered to the Old Guard at Chicago. The
H very men he so bitterly assailed in
Hj 1912, were in control of the last Chicago
R convention, named the ticket and dic-
B tated the entire proceedings, but Theo-
H dore accepted their dominancy without
Hi a word of indignation.
H Yesterday at Oyster Bay, Mr. Roose-
Hj velt once more became strenuous,
j Addressing his Tellow villagers, he
H asserted that he preferred war to the
BBBW peace that tbe united maces is ai
H present having with Mexico. Not
H long ago, he was restless over the
H peace tills country maintained with
H Europe. If Theodore were president
H today, this nation would be in war.
H Looking back, it is evldentlhe United
B States escaped war during his term in
H office by reason of the fact that no
B plausible excuse for a call to arms
H could be invented.
H SHOULD AVOID THE
H OLD MISTAKES.
H Reviewing army conditions as they
Hj existed during the Spanish-American
Hj -war, the Butte Miner says:
H "While this country is sadly lack-
H Jng in the kind of preparedness it
i should have, it nevertheless is a fact
H that considerable improvement has
Hj been made In that regard since the
H outbreak of the Spanish-American
H war. The arrangements for the trans-
H portatlon of troops then were inade-
Hj quate. Camp conditions were notor-
H iously bad. Supplies were very lavly
Hj handled. There was woeful lack of
Hj organization and co-ordination in some
B of the most important departments
H having to do with the soldiers. The
H eyes of the nation certainly were op-
Hj cned to the army management defici-
H encles. That is not to say that there
H was anything the matter with the
H lightlngabillty or bravery of the sol-
H dlors. On the contrary, the soldiers
H of this nation then did themselves
1 proud, and that against most adverse
H' conditions.
H "The navy did splendid work, com- :
H ing right up to expectations. It was
fl a good thing, however, that Spain did ,
BwH Tint visvn anv more fleets than it did '
M or this country might have had much
M trouble coping with them all at the
H same time."
H The army camps were mismanaged
H and the transport service was poor.
B Scandals occurred, one of which plac-
H ed Alger in disgrace. Embalmed beef
i caused a nation-wide sensation.
H Let us hope that in the present
Hi movement of troops, the disgraceful
' events of 1898 will not be repeated.
H DEMAND AN IMMEDIATE
H INDEMNITY.
B Carranza's reply to President Wil-
H son's note is conciliatory, but far from
K answering. Out of it the President
H can pick the good or the bad, and face
B in the direction of peace or war, just
H as he sees fit. The average American,
H who feels that the Mexicans are due
H for a spanking, hopes the President
H will throw the Carranza message
B aside, and more positively insist on a
H statement as to whether American
M troops are to be harassed, if they
B move out of a line marked by Mexican.
H authorities. Until the United StateB
m troops went In to Mexico and pene-
m trated to Parral in pursuit of bandit
H forces, there was no security to life
H or property along toe border. In their
H search for tbe marauders, the Ameri
can soldiers found much evidence ol
collusion between bandits and de facte
troops. Bands of cutthroats, pursued
to the south, have disappeared through
tho lines of regulars. There has been
no strong proof of a desire on the
: part of the Mexican soldiers to help
the Americans capture such notorious
raiders as Villa,
Our soldiers did not go over tho
border until the outrages committed
by Mexicans became unbearably fre
quent. They are entitled to remain
so long as there is any danger of a
repetition of the border crimes.
Before our troops come out of the
country south of the Rio Grande, they
should establish their superiority.
The Parral and Carrizal affairs are
accepted by the common natives as
demonstrating that, in a test of armed
strength, Mexico would be at least
equal to the United States. If that
conceit is allowed to develop, the
(Mexican border will bo the scene of
many more atrocities and eventually
the task of undeceiving the ignorant
masses 'of Mexico will have to be
undertaken.
While the National Guards are on
the border, the Mexican government
should be called on to make imme
diate reparation to all Americans who
i nave sunereu, ana me nature ui uiu
: reparation should bo so onerous that
s all Mexicans would be stung under tho
. realization that they were being bur
dened to help expiate a series of
crimes against the dignity of the
United States. The effect would be
sobering, while conveying a sense of
national humiliation, of which tho
Mexicans as a whole are sorely in
need.
nn
SAFETY-FIRST TRAIN
IN OGDEN.
About August 1, the government's
"safetj' first" special train will arrive
in Ogden, for tho purpose of showing
the life-saving, and property-saving ac
tivities of the government in behalf
of the people of the United States,
The public will be invited to visit
the train and inspect the various ex
hibits. This is a commendable enterprise
on the part of the federal authorities.
The history of the train, briefly out
lined, follows:
At various expositions and world's
fairs that have been held in the
United States, government's activities
along the lines of life saving and
property saving have been explained
to those who were fortunate enough
to attend those great educational af
fairs. Persons who have visited tho
nation's' capital also have had oppor
tunity to know 'what the government
is doing in these lines; but the great
majority of persons have little knowl
edge of the vast organization effect
ed to protect the people In peace as
well as in war. The United States
government, therefore, intends to
show this to the people who have not
had the opportunity of seeing it. The
train is made up of twelve steel cars,
in nine of which are exhibits.
The coast guard service exhibit a
modern, full size, self-bailing surf
boat, beach apparatus wagon, rapid
firing gun for throwing life lines to
ships in distress, breeches buoy for
life" saving at sea,
Tho public health service, the
branch of the government that is
charged with the responsibility of
keeping epidemics of dread disease
away from the shores of the United
States, and of assisting in stamping
out epidemics that occur within its
borders, show by models and charts
what this service is accomplishing for
the health of the people.
Both the war department and the
navy department have cars devoted
exclusively to display of apparatus
and models of -instruments used by
those departments.
The navy department show models
of the great guns that are on the
battleships, and have men from the
I I "" I?7 rars der one a I
I Lmm continuous management.
I EXPERIENCE
B People naturally have confidence in
m an old-established, well-known insti- J
M tution which has proven its stability i
H by its past record. i
bH v Je &den State Bank was estab- i
H hshed in 1 889, and since that time has I
H conducted a successful and growing
H . business along the most conservative I
H lines. I
We place our experience and facili- I
m ties at your disposal. ' 1
I OGDEN STATE BANK
CAPITAL SURPLUS 296,000.00r
I I Ay interest compounded
I- " Quarterly on Savings
! navy to explain their working. There
is a modern machine gun similar to
those now being used in the Euro
pean war; also a rapid fire Hotchkiss
gun of the type formerly used by the
navy. A 6-pound gun of the latest de
sign used on ships is also exhibited.
Perhaps the most interesting feature
Is a torpedo, the type of instrument
that has caused so much death and
destruction In the European war. The
navy men will explain that each tor
pedo costs from $4000 to $S000 and
that many of them have been used In
the present war. Tho navy has ob
tained from one of its submarines a
portable wireless outfit, which will be
carried with the train, and will be in
working order at all stopping places.
Messages will be received and sent
daily and visitors will be permitted
to witness the actual working condi
tions. The bureau of mines looks after the
safety of more than a million of miners.
It is engaged in teaching them first
aid to the injured; and over 30,000
miners are especially trained and well
equipped to render aid as members of I
any hospital corps.
The exhibit includes the various ap-
paratus for the having of life In
mines, Inventions permitting wearers
3 io enter piaces iniea wnn poisonous
t gaseB, having telephone connections
with the outside world, life-saving ca
- nary birds, oxygen pumps and cylin
! ders, safety lamps, aneroid barome
s ters, psychrometers, anemometers,
) galvanometers, radium signs, a gram
! of radium salt, and innumerable de
. vices used in mining operations.
The reclamation service, the home
making bureau of the national gov
ernment, shows its methods of re
claiming the desert wastes and pro
paring them for the habitatlou of man.
It is estimated that the Great Amer
ican desert contains forty million
acres, which, if reclaimed, could make
homes for twenty million persons and
add four billion dollars to taxable j
property, and one billion dollars in
annual crop returns.
The national park service presents 1
a picture gallery of the magnificent
scenery of the Yellowstone, Yosemite, j
Mt. Rainier, Crater Lake, Glacier and j
others of our fourteen national parks; j
scenery that In quality and variety far I
exceeds that of the Alps. The pic- 1
tures are enlargements from photo- K
graphs and are beautifully colored.
The forest service exhibit Is design- I
ed to show the conservation of life 1
and property, and how it prevents, de- I
tects, and suppresses forest fires, de-JW
stroylng scores of human lives andlH
millions of dollars' worth of finest
timber. m
The weather bureau shows the intri- i
cate apparatus It uses in determining
the weather conditions and the ap
proach of storms and floods. .
An elaborate exhibit is prepared by
this department which shows all the
isafety appliances approved by the
United States government for trans
portation service. The exhibit in
cludes various designs of hand brakes,
car couplers, uncoupling levers, sill
steps, ladders, hand holds, running
boards, signals, block signals, etc. In
the exhibit is a miniature locomotive
complete and built to scale. A locomo
tive boiler under steam, with glass
openings, will illustrate the circulation
of water under working conditions.
The first aid division, American Red
Cross, is operated under the direction
of officers of the Medical Corps of the
United States army, and has. a staff
of physicians and a He saving expert.
WATER ON MEXICAN
BORDER.
Writing on the scarcity of water
as a part of the Mexican border prob
lem the United States army must face,
a well informed traveler says:
w "While the water question is a ser
LUt v e ,throuehout a wide zone on
both banks of the 1,100 mile Rio
Grande boundary, it Is vastly more
Important along the 700-mile line ex
tending from El Paso to the Pacific.
Throughout the latter section the av
erage rainfall does not exceed eight
inches a year, while in some parts of
the Yuma desert there have been
droughts when the aggregate rainfall
for twelve months has been less than
three-fourths of an Inch.
."Throughout this region there are
two so-called 'rainy seasons.' tho mnro
important being that which extends
from the first of July to the middle of
September.
"For the next two months our bord
er soldiers will witness a remarkable
growth of vegetation, the moisture
and the intense heat combining to
cause grass, grain, fruits and flowers
to spring to life and maturity as if
quickened by some magic of a wiz
ard's wand. All growing things of the
soil will experience spring, summer
and autumn in tho space of three
months. Then leaves and grass, shrubs
and vines will shrivel as the clouds
disappear and a brazen sky once more
canopies a region of 'silence, solitude
and sunshine.'
"Between the Rio Grande and the
Pacific Coast the international boun
dary line crosses only five running
streams, the first of these in the west
ward journey being in the San Ber
nardlno valley, 192 miles -from b'
Paso, where thousands of cattle find
excellent pasturage. Just south of the
line, along the Bernardino Creek, a
tributary of the Yaqul River, are the
ruins of an adobe fort, a relic of an
extensive settlement in the days of
Spanish dominion in the New World
"Even where running water Is found
along this frontier it Is not always
conveniently available for irrigation
purposes. For example, the San Pedro
River, which crosses the boundary
midway between Douglas and NogaIe3
Arizona, has cut bo deeply into the
soil that the bed of the 15-foot stream
is now far below the surrounding land
making gravity Irrigation Impossible.
"Tho Santa Cruz River, fFlher
west, crosses the boundary twice, ris
lng north of the line, flowing south for
Does this announcement thrill you? Then it must be that you have I
never attended a Burt Store Remnant Sale. There is nothing about this sale I
1 except the name to liken it unto the old-fashioned Remnant Sale which only j
included the tiny short lengths of piece goods. j I
Every Department in this Entire Store Takes Part in this Great Remnant Sale 1 j
No matter how new the silk if there is a dress or waist length only, it j ;
j goes into the Remnant Sale at a remnant price.- A brand new suit arrived two j
I daVS aPO lUSt UP fine lllcP it qn if ffnPS intri hllP Remnant ala of ci vamnont S !
I price and so on throughout every department. I' j
I ON REMNANT DAYS ALL THE SALE GOODS I !
'" WILL BE TICKETED WITH EXACT YARDAGE Si
AND OLD PRICE AND REMNANT PRICE. j i
EVERY POSSIBLE CONVENIENCE HAS BEEN 1
f ARRANGED TO FACILITATE PROMPT SER- Vi: ' I
I ir- VICE. '' v , I
I This will be the greatest sale of the season beyond a doubt There j
are thousands and thousands of opportunities. ' . I j
' SALE OPEN AT 9 A. M. FRIDAY, JULY 7TH '' j
NO TELEPHONE ORDERS-NO C 0. D.'S ; j j
H -ruinwiwHii" in mil i h hi in tutmmssmr;xMm,i n rTTr-jD i 111 1 n iimwjliiiml ' 1
a distance of 15 miles into Mexico, re
turning to Arizona and finally disap
pearing In the sands of Tucson, about
75 miles from the border.
"Beyond, the Santa Cruz the bound
ary line crosses a desert region where
the intelligent, peace-loving Papagos
Indians lead a strange existence, con
centrating all their agricultural activi
ties in the three or four rainy-season
months when the land becomes an
intensive-culture garden of great fer
tility. With the first clouds of June
the natives rush to their 'temporales,'
small tracts of land In the vicinity of
natural or artificial water holes,
where shallow irrigation ditches are
dug and where quickly-maturing
beans, pumpkins, melons, and Indian
corn are planted. One of the chief
articles of food in this region is the
fruit of a giant cactus, which ripens
in June and July It is eaten fresh,
is dried for winter, boiled and pre
served, and made into a syrup, while
a considerable portion of the annual
yield is converted into a much-prized
intoxicating beverage. After the sum
mer harvest the Papagos migrate to
the mountains where they gather
acorns for food. In lean years they
subsist largely on mesqulte beans and
certain varieties of grass seed.
"These Indians are constantly sus
tained in their hard battle for ex
istence by the belief that their Mes
siah, whom they call 'Moctezuma,'
will come some day to correct all
abuses and make the desert his garden
of paradise. The entrance to their
adobe huts face the east so that the
great benefactor will find all doors
open when he comes with the rising
sun.
"Tho heat in the desert regions dur
ing the summer months Is overpower
ing. Government surveying parties
have had to endure 118 degrees, Fah
renheit, in the shade, while the grada
tions nf thp nrrllnarv thftrmnmpter nrp
not sufficiently high to record tho
terrific heat in the sun, which has
been known to reach 150 degrees.
"On the eastern slope of the Sierra
de Tinajas Altas, three miles north
of the boundary line, there Is an ex
tensive semi-circular amphitheater in
the midst of which is a series of cur
ious reservoirs. Here seven great na
tural tanks have been carved from the
rocks In the course of centuries by
water tumbling down a narrow gorge
during tho rainy season. These tank3
have a capacity of from 15,000 to 20,
000 gallons and the water which they
catch each summer is protected from
evaporation by overhanging cliffs.
"Some of these tanks can be reach
ed only after a difficult climb, and
the imaginative traveler can readily
picture the many Tantalus tragedies
which occurred here during the great
gold rushes of the ''fifties' and the 'six
ties.' Numerous crosses of stone iu
the vicinity mark the graves of those
perishing prospectors who reached the
great reservoirs but who had not suf
ficient reserve strength to scale the
rocks and place their parched lips to
the rim of these giant beakers of life
giving water.
"The heat and dryness of the atmos
phere In this desert land Induce such
profuso perspiration that both men
and horses require an abnormal quan- ;
tity of water, the average for men be- i
ing seven quarts a day and for mules
and horses 20 gallons." i
nn
"Graft," last episode, and
"Peg O' the Ring," at the ;
Lyceum tomorrow. i
HP'S MARKETS
New York, July 5. Stocks respond
ed to the more favorable develop
ments in the Mexican situation and
other hopeful auguries with a series
of substantial gains at the opening of
today's market. Specialties like Stu
debaker, Baldwin, Crucible and Mexi
can Petroleum advanced 1 to 2 points
with similar gains in the shipping
sares. United States Steel was the
only issue to register a "wide" open
ing, a single block of 4000 shares
changing hands at 86 3-4 to 86 7-8c,
against Monday's closing price of 86
l-4c. Important rails were strong, Ca
nadian Pacific gaining 1 l-2c. Texas
company rose 3 points and Maxwell
second preferred 4.
Profit taking of a general character
and pressure against Reading and In
dustrial Alcohol impaired prices soon
after the opening. There was an ad
vance later, however, on publication
of the conciliatory Mexican note.
Steel advanced to S7 1-S, with further
gains in Canadian and some of the
granger and coal issues. Petroleum
made an extra gain of 3 and other
Mexicans as well as. Texas company
augmented initial gains with improve
ment in metals and coppers. Bonds
were firm.
Omaha Livestock.
Omaha, Neb., July 5. Hogs Re
ceipts 7500; lower. Heavy, $9.55
9.S5; light, $9.459.65j pigs, S8.00
9.00; bulk of sales, ?9.509.60.
Cattle Receipts 4700; slow. Na
tive steers, $7.5010.50; cows and
heifers, $6.508.50; western steers,
?7.259.00; Texas steers. $7.008.00;
stockers and feeders, $6.258.50.
Sheep Receipts 8500; steady. Year
lings, $7.008.00; wethers, $6.50
7.50; lambs, 8.25(5)10.15.
Chicago Hog Market.
Chicago, July 5. Hogs Receipts
40,000; weak, 10c under Monday's av
erage. Bulk" of sales, $9.759.95;
light, $9.509.95; mixed, $9 5510.05;
heavy, $9.5010.07 1-2; rough, $9.50
9.65; pigs, $S,009.40.
Sugar.
New York, July 5. Raw sugar,
steady; centrifugal, 6.40c; molasses,
5.63c; refined, steady; cut loaf, 8.80c;
crushed, S.65c; mould A, 8.15c; cubes,
8.15c; xxxxpowdered, 7.80c; powdered,
7.75c; fine granulated, 7.65c; diamond
A, 7,65c; confectioners' A, 7.55o; No.
1, 7.50c.
Sugar futures at noon showed little
change from Saturday's closing.
Chicago Grain
Chicago. July 5. Wheat rose In
value today owing to an advance at
Liverpool and as a result of bullish
foreign statistics. Cable reported that
demand was broadening and that Eu
ropean advices wero becoming less
and less favorable. A consequent rush
of buying hero ran into selling that
was headed by one of the largest
firms on change. Opening prices,
which ranged from l-25-S to 1 3-Sc
net higher, with July, $1.04 to 1.04 1-4
ind September at $1.06 to $1.06 3-4,
tvas followed by a moderate general
reaction. 3
Scarcity of offerings gave the corn
market strength. Signs pointed to
continued demand from the seaboard
after opening 1-4 to 3-4c higher, prices
though underwent something of a set
back. Oats were relatively lower. The
reason was that conditions promised
fairly well for a big crop.
The smallness of the decrease in
the United States visible wheat sup
ply total acted later as a weight on
prices, and so too did bearish esti
mates of the domestic 1916 crop. Quo
tations closed nervous at 1-8 to 1-8
l-4c net advance, with July $1.03 3-8
and September, $1.05 5-8.
Ideal weather tended later to ease
the corn market. The close was un
settled at an advance of l-43-S to
3-4c net.
UTAH STOCKS
Summary of the Local Market.
July 5, 1916. Tintlc Standard was
Tintic Standard was the only stock
among all the issues that showed up
particularly strong on the opening ses
sion after a four day recess. This is
sue closed strong at 15 1-2 cents.
American Con. Copper was active
around 21, Big Four Exploration sold
down to $1.35, New Qulncy brought
23 cents, Sells dropped back to 27 1-2
cents, Yankee sold, from 30 to 34,
closing with the last sale at 30 cents.
Quotations funiished over the pri
vate wire of J. A. Hogle & Co., 2438
Washington avenue.
Sales Morning session:
Alta Con., 120040c.
Albion, 60014c. 3
American Con Copper, 50020c; 500
21 l-2c; 50021c.
"'b auui, uuty$j..au; J. UU (!. 1.30.
Cedar Talisman, 500 7 l-2c.
Crown Point, 10005c.
Earl Eagle, 500026c; 50026 l-2c
Howell, 10524c.
Iron Blossom. 500$1.70.
Moscow, 50012 l-2c; 50014c; 500
13 l-2c.
New Quincj', 170023c.
Opohongo, 10001 3-4c.
Prince Con., 500$1.37 1-2.
Ploche Bristol, 70003 l-4c.
Silver Shield, 10046c; 20045c;
10044c.
SellB, 200028c; 100027 l-2c.
Tar Baby, 1000 6c.
Tintic Standard, 250015c; 500
15 l-2c.
Yankee, 50030c; 600g32c; 600
32 l-2c; 20033c; 150034c: 100
33c; 100031c.
Open Board.
Alta Con., 70040c.
Albion, 200014c. , )
Big Cottonwood, 30003 l-2c
Big Four, 100$1.S5.
Emma Copper, 50044o.
King William, 1000lc.
May Day, 1000 14c.
Mineral Flat, 5005 l-2c.
Rico Argentine, 40006 l-2c 1
South Hecla, 500$2.75. I
South Hecla ExL, 200019c I
Tintic Standard, 100015c" bid- 1
15 l-2c asked. '
Wilbert, 30008 l-2c. i
Yankee, 50030c.
Bank Stocks.
Commercial National. $400 bid
Deseret National, $307.50 bid: '$315
Desert Savings, $1000 bid.
Farmer & Stockgrowers, $83 bid
8o asked. ' k
First National, Ogden, $420 bid. JL
First National. Brigham, $300 bid, 1
McCornick & Co., $287 bid. I
Merchants, $90 bid; $95 asked. f
National City bank, $139 bid 'i
Ogden Savings bank, $420 bid.
Ogden SUite bank, $432 bid. (
State Bank Brigham City, $225 bid l
Security State, $140 bid; $145 asked.
Salt Lake Security and Trust, $118 i
asked. I
Thatcher Bros , Logan, $170 bid. 1
Utah State National, $212 bid; $216
asked.
Utah Savings & Trust, $95 asked. :;
Walker Bros., $212. t
Zion's Savings Bank & Trust, $42.1 )
Barnes Banking, $200 bid.
Davis County, $2.90 bid.
First National, Layton, $150 bid. i'
Industrial Stocks. J,
Amalgamated Sugar, $200 asked. ?j
Beneficial Life, $19S bid. T
Cement Securities, $96.50 bid; $93
asked
Con. Wagon, $106.25 bid; $108 asked
Con Life Ins., $97 bid.
Ever Fresh Food Co., $10 asked
Guardian C. & G. Co., $15.55 bid. ;
Home Fire Ins., $307 bid; $310 ask
ed. H. J. Grant & Co., $27.25 bid '
Hotel Utah Op. Co., $125 bid. I
Inland Crystal Salt, $95 bid.
Intermountain Life, $13.55 bid
Layton Sugar, $180 bid.
Mountain States Telephone, $111
bid; $112 asked.
?a!l iru Clay' $71 bid'' $72 asked,
asked SUgar' $19'50 bfd; $19,75 :
z- C. M. I., $390 bid; $395 asked. i
Utah Power & Light, $101 asked. ?
Utah Cereal, $95 asked. I
Lion Coal, $69 bid; $72 asked. I
oo
NATURE'S INQUISITION
Officer Why did von nHor .
prisoner to sit down here? !
SoldierCos. o the thistles, sir. Ex- '
change. ij
. r
' : t
f ASK FOR and GET ""
HORLICK'S
, THE ORIGINAL I
MALTED RffllLK I
Cheap substitutes cost YOU nam piiu '. B
J. A. M0GLE & CO. I i
I BROKERS. H ft
I BUY AND SELL ALL 1
I LOCAL, INDUSTRIAL! I
I AND BANK STOCKS. I
i LISTED MINING 1 f
I STOCKS. B I
I CALL US UP FOR ANY E I '
I INFORMATION. 1 ;f
I 2438 Wash Ave. Q
I Phone 322. R K
HORSES sold or bought at any I ' W
time Auction July 10, 11 and 12. IB
OGDEN SALE CO. I
W. D. WEATHERS, Mgr. ( H
Tel. 211 p. o. Box 900 , K
J' V
r
.A .