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I 1 1 mOGDEN STANDARD: OGDEN, UTAH, -il-j 1 , I I! Louis Bcnnlson, star In John Cort's New York Criterion thoatcr bucccss, j M( j; "Johnny Get Your Gun." Orpheum Theater, Wednesday, January 30. ' I i - r IS H' Wfo Jtmtel l . I , Entered as Second-Class Matter at tho ' J ; Fostofflce. Option, Utah. I : A ESTABLISHED 1870. ' ' ! ' An Independent Newspaper, publlsned i 1 i,' ' every evening except Sunday, without a -i y-r muzzle cr a club. i , S 1 1 MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATED 'Miif PRESS ' y,' t, The Associated Press Is exclusively cn- I'rJ i 1 titled to tho use for republication of all 1 i'i) news credited to It or not otherwise i III credited In this paper and also the local 1 neWS Publlncd hcrcln- I'F- SHALE AS A SOURCE 1 " OF OIL, ,' ? For years the Scotch have been cx- ' f P trading oil from shale, and the ques- , ' J jj' tion often has been asked why the pro- ( 'J, f cess employed thero could not be ap- !? 1 k plied to the great oil bearing shales J. of the western part of the United j i", I States.' ' f : One reason the shales in this part i " of tho country have not been devel- I ' oped has been the cheapness of pctrol- i'i ifi eum, Including gasoline, but during I J the high prices of war, a shale body, ' 1 J" : i unprofitable in peaco times, might bo 1 r made to yield rich returns. ft At present the oil shales of Elko, i ' i Nevada, arc being exploited, and much V ( Utah money Is going into the building I j j. Z of a plant at Elko for the extraction of '', , the oil. t j 1 It is generally recognized that if the ' ' 4 L Nevada oil shales prove profitable, j 'If- there is a vast field in Utah for this U 'l " i new industry, as tho oil-bearing shales II j :h . i nf eastern and southeastern Utah are II ' i t classed by the government as un- 'T'j , equaled in oil content ! j The progress made at Elko will be ' watched with interest. If laboratory 1 1 ' ! tests are confirmed, and, if in practice, . - the retorts give off the same results ''Ijij 1 obtained in an experimental way, jj j J. I there will be a new field opened in the M V ' Ititermountain country to investors, i j , j But, as wiUi all new enterprises, cau- ' i I tion is necessary. SECRETARY BAKER'S f U: DEFENSE. Mi f ' , i At least one man should feel tho 1 ' :'f;i 1 flush of 'humiliation, as he contem- j', plates Secretary Baker's words of ex- U planation, and that man Is Senator I nx'jTV Chamberlain who brought himself into , ( k I the limelight as a sensationalist last t 1 1 m ' week, in an effort to reflect on tho i u war department, j ' Ut ' Secretary Baker has so completely ' ; j!t answered his criticis as to leave them ji'l'' without a toot to stand on. I As The Standard predicted, it has i j li been shown that whatever abuse has j ''IjJ arisen in tho army has been Individ- J ( 1 ua neglects or incompetency some- 1 1 j;, ,f ' thing which will be unavoidable until n ' Gabriel blows his horn. Senator Borah, , J I : strong partisan as he Is, In'an address I' 'il i' n Baltimore last night, touching on I , tue "wl criticisms" by some men j.lf, 'ORPHEUM THEATRE j j j I j WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 30 Hh,, , i I j Fresh from its long run at the Crl- H M'llj I terion Theater, Ncv York. H' Ijl'h i JOHN CORT'S LAUGHING RIOT ;S Your Gee9 K ill With Louis Bcnnison and the same Ht u 1 Ml splendid cast that rocked New York liii nil witi1 ,au3'itcr n" iast year H'i !n' llll ' "The treat of the season. If Hljj )jrl tnc visiting stockmen don't like H H 111 (HI tn's snow hey can't be pleased." H A iMLjl Denver News, Monday, Jan. 21. i llll ' . SEAT SALE TODAY who could not forget partisanship, said: "The process of transformation is a big one, and in order for no mistakes to have been made, tho administra tion would have to be divino." Senator Chamberlain's tear-stained reference to the body of a soldier sent home In a winding sheet, Is shown to have been based on a peculiar cir cumstance. An English army officer was in charge of the aviation camp, and followed the British method of shipping the dead. Had Senator Chamberlain, instead of reserving his letters for dramatic effect, quietly stepped over to the war department, he could have been In formed and reassured, but, it would socm as though ho sought to pose as the savior of his country, regardless of whether thorewas justification for his sensational utterances. Secretary Baker, as we have said, must have had the advice anclt coun sel of the brightest military minds in the United Slates, and, if he has blun dered, the fault is a divided one and primarily traceable to our military es tablishment, an institution of long standing and supposed to be equal to any emergency. Neither Secretary Baker, nor any other man, can do the impossible. In this tremendous effort of ours, to pass from an unarmed to an armed nation, disappointments will arise and un looked for setbacks occur, for the task is too intricate and mighty to be han dled without serious upsets. This investigation will add greatly to Secretary Baker's prestige. oo WHAT WORRIES GERMANY . Secretary Baker continues to pre dict a great German offensive on the western front, accompanied by a sub marine 'attack of Increased violence. This i accepted as Germany's su preme effort to gain a military mas tery, but an American authority says no apprehension is caused among the allies, who appear confident of holding their ground., Meanwhile our own ef forts are being probed with all pos sible speed In order that an American army of considerable sizo may be able to take the field In tho spring. One of the German Socialists warned his country on last Saturday that, oven though tho German troops should break through to Calais and overcome England through submarine attacks, the war would not end; that Germany would still have tho United States to fight, and tho conflict would go on. Over in Germany they are Just be ginning to realize that America is a mighty forco to be reckoned with, re gardless of what happens on the con tinent of Europe. oo NAVAL ATTACK TO BE EXPECTED. Having called in many of her U hoats, Germany Is supposed to be re pairing and re-equipping the subma rines for a tremendous drive on ship ping when the armies facing the al lies In Flanders, Franco and Italy are ordered to break through at all cost. Wo may look for the reappearance of the German fleet at the time the U-boats start their new offensive, and there will be repeated air raids over London. Germany, in a desperate effort to weaken tho inoralo of the allies, will movo every available force on land, sea and air, and then, if unable to make an impressive advance, will fall back with spent effort and collapse. Where will the German army attack on tho west front? If tho time Is postponed until late spring, wo ex- Comf ort Your ItcMngf Skin Witli Cuticura Soap 23c Ointment 23 andOOc. j poet to seo a mighty attempt mado first in Italy, with pressure applied at every point from Vordun to tho sand dunes of tho Belgian coast. Somo exports have said tho heaviest blow will be struck near Cambral, but our opinion is the strategists of tho German army will not select any part of the front whore tho French and British, if defeated on their first lines, could fall back to half a dozen prepared positions lakon from tho Germans in tho past three years. Undoubtedly thero will bo another effort mado to reach Calais, and there Is a great possibility of the Prussians socking to striko at Rheim3 or near Solsson. oo THE NEXT LIBERTY LOAN "There is more or less expectancy regarding the rate to be paid on the next Liberty loan." says a Now York financial writer. "Tho expectation Is foiya -lVi per cent rate, although on the other hand views aro expressed favoring a 4 per cent rate with special privileges' or exemptions to stimulate distribution. Or why is not this an opportune time to put out a 365 three year treasury note bearing interest at the rale of 1 cent a day; such notes being of easy calculation and convert ible into 4 per cent bonds at maturity? Such a note would generally bo recog nized as money drawing IntoresL" At present tho thrift stamps are most popular, but it requires a great stream of those stamps to approximate tho money obtained from ono Liberty loan. ' oo MORE THAN ONE GLACIAL EPOCH. Our geological survey, in a study of glacial action, has discovered that it is a mistako to speak of tho "glacial epoch" or "ice age," for there have been many of them. "It is now known," says tho geo logical survey," that even this latost or Pleistocene glacial epoch had sev eral important subdivisions, and it ap pears that in the Rocky mountain re gion the time between tho glacial suh opochs was so long as to permit great changes in the form and height of the mountains, due to a wearing down by erosion. More than 50 years ago Eng lish geologists recognized the fact that certain massos of gravel and, breccia and certain planed and grooved rock surfaces in rocks of Permian age in India indicates a glacial epoch vastly older than that of tho North American ice sheets, but only within tho last 30 years have geologists learned that gla cial conditions have recurred at many different times in tho earth's history. The evidence of this fact has been found in all continents In Europe, Af rica, Asia, Australia, South America and North Amorica. Great ice sheets wore formed at different periods in tho . larger divisions of geological time back to tho Proterozoic that is, to tho ago of the oldest known sedimentary rocks, a great many million years ago. "One of the most recent discoveries of old glacial deposits is that made by Prof. W. W. Atwood, of the United States gelogical survey, department of the' interior, near Ridgeway, in south western Colorado. Prof. Atwood there found typical glacial "till," containing pebbles and boulders showing well preserved scratches and other mark ings, lying beneath Tertiary lavas of the San Juan mountains and resting upon Upper Cretaceous beds. Tho conditions of the occurrence show that theso gravels are of early Eoccno age." uu FOREIGN-BORN SHOULD j DOTHEiRPART At the head of ono of our big insti tutions is an American of tho aggres sive type who says we should not tolerate that which makes for disloy alty or a shirking of responsibility on the part of young men of foreign birth. In a statement to Tho Standard, he declares: "Why docs the young man of for eign birth, who has spent the great er portion of his life in thlB country and has enjoyed the benefits of all Its institutions, claim exemption from military service as a resident alien? "TTin nnnitinn is rather a tratric one. for his action brands him. as an in grate and frequently results in social ostracism, loss of employment, or for feiture of business connections. Prior to June 5 he offered every promise of developing into a useful citizen and the process of assimilating him was proceeding along normal lines. Sud denly his loyalty to his adopted land was put to the test and was found lack ing. "Three possible explanations pre sent themselves: disloyalty, coward ice, or poor advice from false friends whose own loyalty might bo open to question. "It Is difficult to believe that many of these men who claimed exemption as resident aliens are actively disloyal to this country, which has been their adopted land for tho greater portion of their lives; it is difficult lo believe that many of them are tho victims of miskuided or even Intentionally mali cious advice. If this is the case, the penalties which society Imposes upou these young men should more properly fall upon the heads of those who do ctive or mislead them by encouraging tions they owe to their adopted coun try. There are many such men in this country today, men who work by in sidious and subtle means to advance the interests of enemy countries and who find u fertile field for their efforts in corrupting the minds of young men just upon the threshold of life, whose natural tendencies and inclinations would make them thoroughly loyal cit izens of tho United States. "Every man who is ongaged in dls sunding young men of . foreign birth from thoir normal courao, which is to become citizens of this country and assumo their obligations as sufch, should at least bo mado to feel the heavy weight of public disapproval and moro drastic measures should be adopted where possible. Every loyal citizen should regard it as his duty to report the names or such men to the proper authorities and to give the fullest possible publicity to their nefar ious activities." Every man caught laboring to dis suade young men of foreign birth to do their part In this war, should be in terned and otherwise treated as an avowed enemy. nn . I ' Charming Ethel Clayton in 'The Dormant Power" and two-reel Keystone Comedy, New Utah today and tomor row. 00 Secretary of War Refutes Charges of Chamberlain (Continued from pago 1.) so-called ro-chambered Enfield rifle was reached late one night of his of fico at a conference attended by Gen eral Pershing, who was preparing to go lo France; General Scott, chief of staff; Gonoral Bliss, assistant chief; General Crozicr, chief of ordnance, and General Kuhn, then head of the war college and several other staff officers "experts in rifles." It was late In May or early in June. Springfield Rifle the Best. Tho American Springfield rifle, Secretary Baker said, "was admittedly tho best military rifle developed by any country," when this decision was reached. Thero were In stock about 600,000 or them. It was not then known, Secretary Baker contended, whether American troops would fight beside the British or tho French. The British used a rim cartridge rifle of one caliber and tho French a rim cartridge gun of an other caliber. The British government had been prepared to re-arm tho en tire British army with tho Enfield when the war broko out in 1911. Tiro excellence of tho Amorican weapon was so well known that tho British decided to remodel their guns, but the suddenness of tho war prevented them making the. change. Decision Unanimously P1ade. "That decision mado that night," Mr. Baker added, "referring to the conferenco held at which it was decid ed to change the American rifle, "had tho unanimous consent of every man at Ihqi conference." Wood Advocates Large Army. After America entered the war, Sec retary Baker said, Major General Wood came to his office and advo cated the necessity of calling a large army. Secretary Baker said thero wore not the clothing nor the arms, but General Wood replied he knew that, but contended the men needed to livo together for "preliminary train ing." He told General Wood ho agreed that the army should bo assembled as rapidlv as possible but it was tho in tention to build up the regular army and the national guard first and then the national army. Concluding his statement regarding the decision to call many men early, Secretary Baker said: "So, the determination ultimately was upon an attempt to meet the need ior training. i. io '"u put men into camp to learn camp liv ing and essentials of a soldier's life, a little in advance before they could be fully supplied with arms." Motley Rifle Collection. Regarding Senator Chamborlaln's statement that rifles originally sent to camp were "a motley collection," Sec rotary Baker said he did not object to the term, but that tho facts were that "we had about G00.000 Springfield rifles and something over 100,000 Krags." "The Gorman army, best prepared in the world," ho added, "furnish an obsolete rifle for practice until men learn to take care of a better weapon." "I do not mean to say, ho added, "that the question was decided Infalli bly It might havo been better to have used the English Enfield. But I do mean to say that it was decided .con scion tiously and that now every man in this country, intended to carry a rifle has one and a rifle of better quality than if we had adopted the existing type at the time. Every Man Hao Rifle. "And" he continued, "although ho havo sent soldiers to Europe much more rapidly than wo ever thought wo would or could, every soldier has not only a modern rifle but has had prac tice with it. That also is true of every soldier who will go to Europe." Turning to the machiho gun ques tion, Mr- Baker said that up to last April the Lewis gun had 'not . been Satisfactorily ICSIUU wim jiuiumxm ammunition, although widely used by England. Tho French, he said, never took the Lewis gun in any large num bers. Defending the lack of Lewis machine guns. Secretary Baker reiterated that General Pershing does not want Lewis guns Tor the ground forces, but only for aviation. Declaring that by securing artillery from Franco, Mr. Baker said it also would sa.vo ships. Ships Are Crux of Situation. "I am telling no secret when I say that ships are the crux of our prob lem," he said. Secretary Baker said all foreign representatives and also tho war council participants, headed by Colonel House, declared that secur ing ordnance from England and France will not tqke supplies thoy need, but will help them. Board Never Delayed Tests. Tho board, he said, referring to tho boafd ho appointed in the fall of 1916 to test machine guns, "never delayed, for one second tho procurement of ad ditional machino guns." Ho told of the navy's test of tho Lewis gun last April with an army of i i CASTOR I A Far Infants and Children In Ose For Over 30 Years Always bears -J? -fcnaww of .C$Tm i , SIMMON'S QUALITY . r These beds are of the highest grade, and selected from our large ' ! line of staple patterns. They are perfect goods and excellent J, I values at the regular prices. At the sale prices they are unusual : I! bargains. $92 50' value in square post, Adam de- $32.50 satin finish brass bed; a good, sifm, brass bed. A very handsome substantial bed, 2 1-2 inch post, five s ' 1-mch fillers pattern Sale Price $60.10 Sale Price' $2475 , . , . i i -j P . t, $21-50 full size satin finish brass bed; $57-50 4-rnch post brass bed, 6-mch cdlent value brass caps, satm finish . 0 n th) (Me Sale Price, M7.b0 Sale Price, S45c0O 1 . $15-50 brass bed, satin finish, full $42.50 brass bed, satin finish, 3-inch . sizej 4.5 in. by 6-6 in., 2 1-2 inch posts, continuous posts, five 1-inch fillers in 3-inch caps, five filling rods in head head and foot and foot Sale Price, S32.85 Sale Price, $12.40 fleer present, and added: "s a result or immediate test an order was given to the Savage Arms company for Lewis guns. Large orders for Lewis guns have' been given. We aie advised, however, by General Per shing that he does not desire Lewis guns for use on land. General Persh ing and his staff desire them only for aircraft. "In the meantime," said Mr. Baker, "the French government is able to supply us with light French guns and heavy Hotchkiss guns for the troops that are abroad and that will be sent for tho present. "We have ordered all tho Lewis guns we could get and have encouraged the company to extend its plant for In creased production. It has not yet be gun to expand to the extent wo would like. Our army abroad is provided with the guns it has elected as adapt ed for its use, and our supply Is to supplement that." Obviously, he said, there were not as many machine guns for camp train ing as was to be desired, but he read a table showing that on November 1 each camp or cantonment had been shipped thirty Colt, sixty-five Lewis nnd forty-five Chauchat guns and, In addition, each regular cavalry regiment had been supplied with ten Lewis guns and each infantry regiment with ten Chauchat guns. "Practically all of these were ship ped before the troops wero ready for them; that is before November 1," Mr. Baker said. Senator Heed asked if "before tho troops were ready for them," meant that the men needed preliminary train ing, or before they had been mobilized. Ranges Not Completed. Secretary Bakor said he believed that it meant that tho ranges had not been completed and also that prelimi nary training was necessary. Senator Kirby asked why Lewis guns had been sent to the camps when it had been decided not to use them with the land forces'. Secretary Baker said it was so the men might learn tho complicated -mechanisms of as many types as possible. Big Gun Problem. On the question of big guns, Secre tary Baker recalled that General Cro zler, chief of ordinance, had urged con gress and the various secretaries of war continuously for larger programs because of the time it took to make the guns. The record served, ho thought, to show that General Crozier had realized the delay that must be faced and sought to prepare in ad vance. Reading from a letter from M. Tar dieu. French high commissioner, Sec retary Baker showed that France en tered the war with moro than 6000 pieces of heavy artillery but only 140 quick flrers. Great offort was made, M. Hardieu said, to get the slow firing guns from the fortresses Into service for the field, and this policy proved to bo xi mistake as quick flrers wero needed for flold work. Orders For Heavy Artillery. An appended list of orders for heavy artillery placed by France, tho secre tary said, showed that "it did not ho in tbo imagination of any one to rea lize what the ordnanco program of tho war would become not even France, tbo very seat of the conflict, with the enemy at her throat." Thirty-two Divisions Ready. "There are now in tho United States sixteen national guard camps and six teen national army camps (thirty-two divisions .of troops) filled with men rcadv to go," said Secretary Baker. "i"do not know how fast it may bo necessary to send them to France," he said. "I know how fast wo havo sent them and how fast wo plan to send them. What wo tried to do was to get tho men out as rnpidly as wo could estimate on the productive capacity of the country being able to euro for thorn." . ... "We had a limited amount o artil , lery and our first stop," tho secretary said, "was to speed up that already or dered and in process of manufacture." British and French theory of artil lery usage differs from ours, ho said, adding: "We had to decide for ourselves v.hnt we should use." Experts Sent Abroad. Army experts were sent abroad to study the question. Early in Juno it was intimated that France had so far accelerated her Industrial program that tho wastage of industry would not fully occupy her resources and that sho could supply artillery for Ameri can forces then going to France with out curtailing her own forces. Cap tain Tardleu opened the subject. Agreement With Franco. "On July 13 to 14," Mr. Baker con tinued, "an agreement was made by which tho French trovernment acroed to supply the principal pieces of 75 milllmeter field guns and 155-Imllll-metcr rapld-flro howitzers needed for the American forces being sent abroad. Tho American government wished to adopt the quickest solution to got the largest supply in tho shortest possible lime- At that time, although we woro sending troops to France, it was not in any largo numbers a matter some what for tho remote future." Using French Factories. "You thought it better to use the French factories instead of waiting on our own?" asked Senator Iteed. "Exactly," the secretary roplied. "Also it saved tonnage and I'm tolling no secrets when I say that ships aro tho crux of this problem and every time wo can use French industrial re sources instead of making and send ing our own products wre are doing it." "Is that a disadvantage to France?" asked Senator Beckham. "Categorically, I answer no," said Mr. Baker, positively. "It has boon a very great advantage to France." Telegram From Bliss. Secretary Baker then produced a telegram from Major-General Bliss, chief of staff, when the war council was abroad, reciting tho unanimous agreement of me inter-Allied repre sentatives for American forces to se cure artillery from England and Franco for all Amorican forces sent abroad this year and as long there after as possible. Referring to Colonel House's mili tary aides. Secretary Baker rivM: America's Prime Question. "It was thoir task to And out from tho British, French and Italian repre sentatives the answer to this ques tion: 'How can America contrlbuto most to the early winning of this war?' "One of the answers was for tho moro rapid expedition of American forces to Europe. It was agreod thai both England and Franco havo sur plus ordnance, ordnance, ammunition and manufacturing capacity." General Bliss' Report. .Genqral Bliss' report as read by Sec retary Biker In part follows "It was agreed by representatives of i Great Britain and France that their production of ordnanco is now catab lishod on so largo a scale that they aro able to equip all American troops arriving In 1917 with ordnance of the bo3t types. "It Is recommended that thoy be supplied In 1918 and as long afterward as is found convenient from British , and French gun factories, ! "I have seen in the newspapers," Mr. , Baker continued, "that this Is putting a burden on France. I say to you, gen tlemen, that Marshal Joffre and hi9 as sociates, General Bridge and all his associates of Great Britain and in fact all persons of commissions that havo como to this country with any know- . ledge of conditions all bring me the confidence and positive assurance that we aro not taking irom ngiium uu France the things that thoy need, but , are helping their Industrial processes nnd saving tonnage making proper co ordinate military efforts with our Al lies. Statistics in this country of manu- ; facture of artillery were given by the ; secretary, somo publicly and somo to the committee in confidence. He said, for example, that the first anll-alrcrafi gun was delivered this month and that 'J its production is "rising steadily" to an J estimate of 300 per month. f "In recapitulating, I think It Is fair ill to say (and if thero is a possibility f Uiat I am wrong I want it called to 1 my attention) that the American army . in France, large as It Is and the Amer ican army to bo sent there, large as that is are and will bo provided wltn artillery of the type thoy want as rap- , idly as they can uso it and that a steady stream of munitions to supple- -ment this is in progrcss wth deliver) of pieces rising steadily." Output of Gunc In France. ( Referring to a letter from Captain Tardieu to General ,Crozier dated m- i ceraber 21. last, Secretary Baker rcao tho statement that the output or oi guns in France did not become i ade- j quale until 1916. Captain Tardieu ex I pressed the belief that tho Unite 1 States would mako faster progress j than his own country. ,,, , Tho total of British munition con tracts placed In tbo United States over a period of three years Secretary Bab er then showed was over a billion w lars while the United States has : greater orders in the market dunni, a period of seven months. , "it Is fair to assume," ho stated In comparing tho figures, "that Britain was getting at least the major portion of what wo could When we camo into tho field v, e founa it in part pre-empted iX- , Our necessity was to intrude , our pr -gram without displacing that J J Allies. Tho ordnanco bureau i averaged twenty contracts a da s j wo went Into tho war. I j l REAL ECONOMY "SAFE-TEA FIRST" 1 Means the 1 ; Better Quality you get I for the same money I j when you buy yns I l I 4 cups for a Cent 1 1 Try a 10c Tin jj Full SadsfactionrouronefundeJ j I 1 i