The Ogden standard. [volume], November 14, 1918, LAST EDITION - 3:30 P.M., Image 14

About The Ogden standard. [volume] (Ogden City, Utah) 1913-1920

Image provided by: University of Utah, Marriott Library

                
I Wonderful Results In Train:
ing War Cripples for Use-1
fuf llorf Two Hundred
Occupations Are Listed-'
Reconstruction Is Along'
Mental As Well As Phys-'.
ical Lines
Copyright 191S. by Tue Internntloual
Syndicate.
"i IJMONG THE marvolousconstruc
Asll live developments of the pres
11 ent war, nono perhaps has been
J? H more epochal, and certainly .
hone has been more striking, than the'
stimulus that has been Riven to live
scientific conversion of human wreck
Into normally functioning human be
The aftermath of past wars has
been a pltuful army of useless, lielp-t
less cripples, each of them an eco-1
riomlc liability, an- object of charity. !
The cripples of the present war, ever
so many of them, are cripples only
for a time, each of tihcm converted
from an economic liability into an
economic asset, wlih a chanco to come
back into the world of action as a
helpful and constructive unit In so
Human reconstruction, as It Is be
ins: practiced In the war hospitals of
France and England, and in Canada
and in this country, docs not deal with
fhe restoration of the body alone. It
is more than material. An Important
element is psychological moulding;
the wounded man's thoughts and out
look on life at the same lime that
h's maimed body Is being educated
to function under radically changed
conditions.
The Importenec of this co-ordinated
reconstruction of the mind with the
body was the subject of a recent state
ment from the ofTlcc of the Surgeon
General in "Washington, to the effect
that many well Intcntloncd individ
uals have offered to take crippled sol
diers into their service as watchmen,
messengers . and -in positions of sim
ilar character. While, the spirit in
which these offers are made Is ap
preciated, said the statement, they
conflict with the policy of the med
ical department of tho army.
Work Starts At Once
From the time a wounded soldier is
taken to the field hospital he is en
couraged to understand that the ser
iousness of his wounds will not ren
der him worthless for useful work.
The work of reconstructing 'him both
physically aiyl mentally is carried on
simultaneously.
At the present time there are many
soldiers in the army hospitals In this
country who havo been crippled In
the course of duty. In many cases
Cliche men arc receiving the prelimi
nary, training which will be finished
by civil boards aulhorlzod to continue
he work begun by the Surgeon-Gen-
: l'
oral. It is hoped that business men
In general will accept these tralnod
men on an equal footing wilhr mon
who have not boon crippled. These
men will receive a training which will
make them competent In the trade
or profession which they 'elect to fol
low. According to the vocational reha
bilitation act recently enacted by
Congress, those disabled In the mili
tary and naval forces of tho United
States havo been placed under tho
Joint authority of the Surgeon-General
of the Army and tho Federal Board
for- Vocational Education. The Surgeon-General
has jurisdiction from the
time the person is Injured until ho
is restored to good physical . condi
tion, when he receives his honorable
discharge from the service. The Fed
eral Board then offers him vocational
ro-educatlon and training which will
enable him to return to useful active
employment, and the United Stales
Employment Service Department; will
find him a job.
Discouragement
When a man is returned from the
battle line disabled, with one" or both
feet or hands gone, or blinded, life Is
likely to look to him like an ultcrly
hopeless thing. Before he entered
the service he lived a complete existence,-and
no matter what was his
I station in life he had' the full, un
hampered use of a normal and com
I plcle body.
1 Upon becoming a part of the war
machine, life became more thnn ever
'an affair of action strenuous artion.
i in which ho was constantly wearing'
'himself to utter weariness, and thenll
'glorying In tho added strength that J
jcame as the first fatigue wore off. (
;He was subjected to trainings of which . i
; physical perfection w;is an ideal. '
;When he got to tho line.' he had
! come fairly close to that Ideal Ho j t
j bordered on tho superman. u
J And then tH crash.- He became,-1'
lt seemed to him, nothing, or worse j!
I than norhlng; a mangrled body with i
jits spark of life, a body trained to kt
the point of mastery, but now a pltl- t
ful, helpless body that ho could not,
j mastoi-. ' '
s Awaken Hope ' . ' i
Not only was the glorious strenuous
life of tho fljfhtlng man over.' but tho
evenly-ordered, in lid-mannered life of ;
the, normal civillau was likewise for- i
bidden to him, -IIq could not work'.' he i
could not ply he could not. pcr-l
haps, read, he. could not move except' i
with difficulty. Then rose before hlm M
i the vision of a blank existence ass a I
crossing watchman or a pencil ven- f
dor. While the body lived on. the soul .i
was deadened. Ambition was klllod. 1
For how can ihTe be ambition when l
thero is no hope. I
The fir;l stop In Iho work of ro-
construction, then, Is to awaken the
liopc that arouses ambition.
A potent factor lh getting the best
it the disabled men's discouragement
s Informing them of the nfany in
stances where men. seemingly totally
md hopelessly disabled, have refused
10 be downed by fato. have surmount
id.the obstacles imposed, and have
'come back." As tho work Qf recon
struction goes on, there, are more and
more of these cases to -cite as 'an In
iplratlon to men who have just beer.
;rippled in "battle.
Choice 6r Enul.e . '
The choice of a trade to be learned
lepends not only on tho nature of the
disability of the man, and on what
physical faculties he still retains, but
just as mucli on his temperament
and. hi, natural Inclinations. A line
at; activity Is not decided .on unless
It is. APJParent that It 'will bo' con
S'entttlr and sort-of work to which
Hie man In question is temperamcn
Lally suited.
The prospect of steady employment
Is also seriously considered. Disabled'
men ate discouraged from faking up j
Iradcs that -for the moment are boom
ing, but th-it will, In normal times.
fn 11 off 111 waeri or in the matter of i
demand for help.
When possible, a man who Is pre
vented by his Injuries from contin
uing his former pursuit Is encouraged
to select a now occupation which Is
in soino way related to It, so that he
will bo able to ajlply to his new work
the knowledge and experience of the
past. So it will be seen that ihc
choice of occupation is not made in
a haphazard or arbitrary manner. E.v
port vocational counselors advise tho
men according to the circumstances
of each Individual case.
.Many Opportunities
Thero really Is almost no dnd to
the opportunllles-opcn to a man who
has boon, by tho fortuno of war. be
reft of the complete use of his body.
Boundless encouragement Is Indicated
in this list, for instance, of agricul
tural occupations which may be pur
sued successfully by certa.in typos of
war cripples. It was prepared by the
director of sm agricultural- school in
Franco. The twenty-six occupations
are:
Overseer (proprietor; farmer, work
or on share system); small farming
on tho share jQ'stcni .(labor) ;. agricul
tural superintendent: gamekeeper:
caretaker of properties; gardener:
driver of agricultural--machines: -contractor
"for agricultural machinery,
mechanician: vine-grower;' nursery
man anil seedsman; 1 roc ' cultivator;
cultivation Of wfllow for 'basket-making
Industry; grazier (herd raising):
cowherd; dalr employe; butter mak
er; cheese maker; sleeper' and strip
per of flax -and Jicmp: cider maker:
sheep raising expert; hos raising and
fattening specialist; silk-worm tnd'i--try:
small live stock raising; rauMt
raising; fish culture; bee culture.
And this Is but one of the many
fields open 10 war-mutilated men !n
this r vast opportunity for. 'vocation.
rr-eduraiion.
In f'nnnilrt 'ho w nr): Hint !. j-;sf
! getting fairly well under way 'n our i
Jown country has long been In mic- i
I cossful prosecution.
Canadian experience, a member of
the" military hospitals commission said i
recdntly, shows that of tho wounded
and disabled returned to Canada, only '
about ten per cent, .vlll bo urablc To
return to their fo.-mer occupation..
The percentage of totally blind is ;
small. 1
Two Jlundrcd Occupations '
They arc training their men there ;
for about two hundred different oc
cupations. Technical schools and In
stltut!on3' are being used, and. more
over, through the co-operation of
manufacturers and cmployors. a great
many men arc being' trained In tha '
industries themselves. Thoso In charge
of the work In Canada have notT found
any evidence of a desire on the part
of tho manufacturers to exploit the
men, and they have received, one of
their number has said, splendid co
operation from tho labor men. Their
whole aim Is so to train the men that
they will hold the jobs because of
their cfilclenoy. and not because of
any compassion for them.
An aim of our general work of re
construction is to fit men, disabled by
war, for existing and standard Indusr
tries, rather than to dcvolopo special
trades, devices and machinery. A
man who has had this (raining should
,be able to go out and get a job tn
tho same way that any. other man
'would, fitting into normal demands. '
j using regular tools and machines, get-
j ting ahead by his own ability. 1
Special concessions are not expect-1
jCd. or desired. The object is to mako j
ia man normal again. If he receives
j special consideration, the purpose of
the work will be defeated, tfvery map
or woman who gives alms but not op
portunity to tho disabled man be he
soldier, sailor or civilian is an'enciiiy,
of roconslruction. one of our own I
army officers sak) recently. One gift
of money I hat is not actually earned j
may utterly stifle the ambition of a
handicapped man.
A Chance, Xot Charity
"They don't want your charity
'hoy demand their chance." Is 'he
way thit ,i maKaz'no writer ha we!!!
put It. "We, the stay-at-homes, Iru 1
brothers and sons of scarred and J
marred men sacrificing their person
ivrlthlng in agony for our s.iKas w
must be reconstructed, too muj'. re
construct our Impulses must lose the f
l'arpclan Rock attitude toward the :
crlpplod must learn to mcasury the '
worth of a fellow by his entcrprNq
and capacity and givo him the pref
erence at every post and in every en
gagement if he can deliver thp goods.
X civilization that won't do its duty
by its defenders isn't worth fighting
for prepare .to prove that this 0110 !
is."
Avenues of tisefulness open up in
llw mosL unexpected directions. Be
sides training mon who have lost on?
or both legs in such pursuits as ste
nography, telegraphy and oihcr usual
occupations Involving manual dexter
ity, less well-known vocations arc be
ing pursued with gratifying success.
At Waller Heed Hospital, in Wash- '
tngton, for instance, returned soldier?
arc making rugs, by the methods used
by nomadic'lrlbcs of Asia. The beauty
of the hand-made Oriental rug h.is '
nevor boon attained with modern ma
chines, so the secrets of making Per
sian and Turkish rugs are being
taught to ex-boilcrmakcrs. carpenters,
trainmen, bricklayers, men of count
less former trades, who have given
their best on tho battlefields of France
and are now applying that same en
thusiasm In cheating the war devil.
All reconstructed soldiers are not
to be returned immediately to chil
life as soon as they arc restored. Some
will have a chance to get back Into
tho war organization. Some Injured
soldiers will be able lo go back to
full duly and return to iheir unit?,
after getting special training. Others
who can only be fitted for limited
service, will be trained to act ns in
structors hi hospitals, typist . book
keepers and In similar vocation?.
Special vocational training for
men no longer fit for military ser
vice. But no soldiers, will be dis
charged from the sorvice. It has been
announced, even though they arc un
fit for further military duty, until
they have attained a complete recov
ery, according to the nature of their
wounds. ;
Iff Intricate Fashioning of j
H ji Our big Machines That
I j! Are To Win the War
Hjj Copyright JOlS. bjyriic International
Vll ' Sj&UB M0ST raPld evolution of any
H llH ' :iPency of warfare is the alr
H 1'? i Plane. A generation ago it was
I ill! ' regarded as a dream of some lm-
H1li practicable visionary and not much
Kltli more than a dor.en years ago It was an
HI ill II oxpcrlment and many locked upon irs
Hl II seftilncss with a great deal 'of- sleep-
H J I i Aclsm. But In tho veo' few years
HjjU'rj which havo prtsscd since then It has
Hjt made more progress than any other
Hjlli Implement of -warfare employed for
Hj ffi military purposes, . Necessity abso-
HliP llite nccessSli' '3 the cause of this and
Blnil no armv l'10 present day can ac-
m compllsh anything without the requls-
iff 'tc nu,nDcr aeroplanes. Besides an
HilHi army would be an easy prey to the
Hlrli fnemy equipped with planes unless
llilfl !t was sullabl' fitted out with aircraft
HilllS for offensive and defensive operations.
Bjltl Our aircraft production has been
H! K nnder way for more than a year, and
Hftf although not as much has been ac-
Hflf compllshod as many had hoped, the
Hlll task was no easy one. There was
Htllj much discussion In reference to tho
Hiji building and some llttlo scandal propt
V "n" cn t R cvr spies were dlscov-
Hllj ered In a factory cutting wires. Hap-
Hrlll y these difficulties have been ovcr-
Hf como and theaeroplane work Is going
Hltl forward with a rush,
HiK .-A-3 an automobile had a similar type
Hjjx of engine, tho government 'turned lo
Hljfg the manufacturers of these machines
HIIl for assistance with tho result that the
jnS "Liberty Motor was brought to .the
j front and Is now being manufactured
In large quantities Ip both- the eight
and twelve cylinder types. It Is the
result of the dlfforenl parts of several
of our best automobile engines com
bined and with tho knowledge of sev
eral engineers added. For a long time
writers romanced about It while the
government kept the kuowledge of its
make up under cover and finally,
when Its description was given out a
short time ago, it was so technical
that only an engineer could under
stand it. However, those who know
all about aeronautics declare that it Is
the most perfect of all engines for a
plane and will be oven better yet when
It has undergone a few changes as to
lightness and speed.
on ,
This great motor needed a lubricant
and It was necessary to dovelope a new
kind. It Is well known that a largo
amount of oil must be used ln all air
planes and while somo engineers in
sisted on using castor oil mixed with
mineral oil, others asked for mineral
olj alone. At that tlmo about 5,000,
000 gallons of castor oil alono was
'used which cost about three dollars
per gallon.
When the Liberty Motor was de
signed a new problem of lubrication
arose and Captain May. of Chicago,
one of the first lubrication experts, be
gan making tests. He ran a C5.-hour
test without stop, standing watch un
til his work was completed and alhhls
data recorded. The strain on his vi
tality was too great and he died In
May-of this year another martyr to
science and to his country. His ex
periments made possible the securing
of a suitable aerojdanc oil at about
one-fourth of tho price of the castor
oil, saving the - government perhaps
$1 1,000,000. Kcclamatlon of used oil
Is also practical now, and at least
fifty per cent. Is used again where
previously it was thrown away. This
also saves millions of dollars for the
government. An airplane firm is also
turning out a remarkable engine
which is being used in flying boats
and I3 entiroly different from the Lib
erty motor.
The manufacture of airplanes cn
countcred no little difficulty in ob
taining somo of the material needed
as much of it comes from various
parts of the world. Skilled Jabpr Is
required for many "parts especially in
tho assembling and although high
wages were offered It was next to Im
possible to secure the required ; num
ber of mechanics.
Spruce Used
"VYhon' It comes lo the making of an
airplane apart from the motor, spruce
is the lumber used. This generally
comes from Alaska and the far West
and consists of Sitka' spruce, white
Spruce and red spruce. This makes
the frames of the wngs, alllpron.'
Cmovlng flaps attached to, the. trailing
t:s ' .' v-v.-..; : :'.
edge of each plane) fins, rudders, ele
vators, stabilizer, struts, landing gear,
fuselage (.body) flooring, engine bed
and seats. Spruce is used because it ,
Is the toughest of .the soft woods for j
Us weight and possesses tremendous
absorbing qualities. j
About three hundred aud fifty pieces j
of tho wood are used In a single air-!
plane. j
Nearly all of the available spruce i'
Is in Alaska, the west coast of British ,
Columbia, 'and' oIqso to the Cascade I
range m the Stales of Washington ;
and Oregon. The Lumberjack is the;
first laborer on- the 'aeroplane when!
ho cuts down these great pine trccys-!
old patriarchs which run up over 150
feet without a branch, and. transports
them to the big Spruce Division Saw
rihllls. . This mljl cost tho Government
?200,'00;o '"end is located-"at" the -Van-1
. ' " . . ' ' t
' .x ' r
couvcr barrltcks in the State of Wash
ington. It has twelve log carriages
for conveying spruce -to twelvo head
saws back of which arc complete sets
of cut off saws and other machinery
necessary to convert the vood into a
finished product for aeroplane produc
tion. There Is a regiment of 1,940
men of the Second Provisional Jtegl
mcnt who are working at this mill In
;-hroc shifts of eight hours .each. The
wood must be seasoned -by a kiln dry
ing .process, which has boon worked
out" at the. U. S. Forestry laboratory,
locatod at the same place. Although
perhaps fifty per cent, of tho wood is
thrown 'out here as unfit and another
seven and one-half per rent, lost In
kiln shrinkage, this process saves the
weight of shipping by sending tho
dried, wood to the factory. Tho pro
duction ofsj,)ruce and fir "is" nearly, up
' to the amount needed. Including the
72.S 00,000 feet sent to the Allies,
j Making Propellers
Twenty-five experienced American
manufacturers are now producing a
total of from 350 lo -500 highest qual
' Ity aeroplane propellers per day for
j the air- service. The bullolng of this
' part of the machine Is interesting for
U requires perfection ns to the dimcn
j sions. The double blaclcd propeller is
built up from boards about one-inch in 1
thickness and ruit Out to the rough '
shape of the finished product. The
I wood must bo freo of all defects, with i
I a straight grain running tho entire 1
j iength of tho piece. The boards are '
assembled and placed In a hot box
(preparatory lo the glueing together :
j which is done rapidly and the glued j
.blocks left In clamps or presses foi;!
j twenty-four hours. The blocks arc j I
.next cut clown by carving machines, j "
lathes, shapcrs, etc., to within about
one-fourth of an inch of the final
completed size and shape' and In tha:'
state arc hung for two weeks In a
conditioning room before being it
worked to the final finish. The latter
Is donc'by what Is called bench work h
where tho propeller Is completed and.i
ready for the varnish. .Everything 1
here must be accurate and conform a
exactly to Ihc pitch and shape and i
the two blades must be in exact align- r
mcht and track. The propeller acting n
as a fly wheel, for the air motor must T
bo perfectly balanced. When the pro- 7
poller is finished in the white it is
ready for inspection of Joints, after a
wlvlch it Is gjven five coats of spar f
varnish and rebalanced. The four- s
bladed propeller Is more often used C
than the three-blade, becauso of its h
-simpler, stronger construction fca-
lures The .two-bladed ono Is even a
more cfilclQiil than cither 'of the. si
others and would .d'hvavs be-used "if ' b
the arrangement of the engine permit'
led.
The laying of. the keel (as the tit
ling of the wing spars and ribs or
crpss pieces is known) is done h"
expert mechanics and Is most Inter
esting. The making, or rather cov
ering, of the wings is done by women
and linen is used becauso It 5s the
only fabric that will not rip as do
other materials when struck by bill
letsi The greater part of this linen
comes from Kngland. Covering the
wings is dcllcato work. The wonicr
who do this work use a thrce-lncl
needle In the sewing and are mo
careful. After they have fi.nlshcd. the J
wing is covered with three coats of ;
chemical cellulose preparation, about I
fifty gallons being used to every plane.
It is known a3 "doping" the wlns
!A final application of 'varnish Is ap- f
j plied and the wing becomes a strong V
j wind-resisting watoVproof part. ,
Thousands Of Xnlls And Screws
It Is then ready to be assembled
' with tho engine, propeller, fuselage. i
J etc.. which has been prepared by an
i other set of men and women who have
worked over the body with com
pressed air tools smoothing out the
aluminum part of the fuselage, etc
The whole, thing Is a mass of nails
andtscrews, for in one of tho French r
planes that has downed so many Ger-
mans more than 23.000 screws and
nails were used to hold It together.
Even the simpler- planes require over
7.000 nails and screws, ;
Kccently the mark on our planes
abroad had to be changed, due to the
fact that Ihc star. Its Insignia. vas
sometimes mistaken for the German
Cross when the machlno was at a
high altitude or at a certain angle
with another aeroplane. So we have
adopted the design of the Allies " i
simple, .bull's .cy..e of "rcd whito an t j
blue.
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