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y ji?- ?**i,.y WWL1 ' HlJFUf 5 c: =: Sv ^ j ^7 The Common House Fly Grea on Account of DO yon romomlor fh" story of your fairy tain days about tho littlo tailor who was so proud Si his buccobr of killlncr seven files, til at one i<11 swoop, that ho made .'or himself n belt with the words upon it. "Seven at one blow"? This ^ was long before the days "f "Swat the-lly" campaigns, ho after all. tho little tailor did a greater thing than be realized. It was not r" very long ago th it the common house fly was held up as n pattern of harmlcgsness- hence the phrase, "He wouldn't hurt a fly." Now all this lias ! ? n changed. Health officers everywhere am doing everything i o slblo to make every one realize It is his imperative duty to kill every fly that conn within his reach A wai < : extermination has been declared against the house fly. Tins summer greater forci s than ever are being prepared to etorm tho trenches of this common enemy of mankind, and route him forever It is realised that it Is within the power of the house fly. apparently such a feeble creature, to Stay more human hemes than can the moat modern artillery of tho heaviest calibre! Year hv year tho war on tho houso fly Is mining in strencth. It started only a few years nco. when the vitalReviving th< THE ancient art of silhouette cutting. which Is of unknown antiquity. Is coming Into vogue .tly Magnified to Show Its Hairy A the Conformation of Its Mouth It ly Important mnttor of tho danKors of what Kccleslastos refers to as "the tly In the ointment*' was made plain. Prof. L. O Howard, chief of the bureau of entomology. United States department ot agriculture, has made an extensive study of files. The results of Prof. Howard's Investigations are given In n recently Issued government bulletin, which contains much valuable information that will enable communities to wage effective warfare on files. The Death-Bearing House Fly. "There nre several species of flies which are commonly found In houses." says Prof. Howard, "although but one of these should prop- 1 erly be called the house fly. This fly, which Ih found In nearly all parts of the world, is a medium-sized grayish fly. with Its mouth parts spread out nt the tip for sucking up liquid substances. On account of the conformation of its mouth parts, the house fly can not bite, yet no Impression Is stronger In tho minds of most people than that this insect does hlto. "Tho house fly lays its eggs upon nil kinds of tilth. Tho number of eggs laid by an Individual fly at ono time is undoubtedly large, probably averaging about 120, and a single female will lay at least two and possibly four such batches. Under the 5 Ancient Ai acnin. It was over a century a*o that the force and charm of this par- I ticular method of portraiture first ./ THE TELEGT 71 ' I natomy. It Is Declared That Cannot Bite. most favorable conditions of temperature and moisture the egg stnto may last hardly more than eight hours. The maggots whleh issue from the eggs are vet;, small and transparent. They mow rapidly. "As the larvae attain full size they gradually assume a creamy whito color. Just before pupation they become very restless and migrate from their feeding ground In search of a favorable place In which to pass the pupal stace. Thev will often ronsmv pate at the edges of lilies of flith near the ground or burrow Into the Poll beneath, or they crawl considerable distances away to pupate In the ground or In loose material under the edges or stones, hoards, etc. The pupae, or 'sleepers', are more or less barrel shaped and dark brown In color. In midsummer this stage lasts from throe to ten days, four to five days being the usual duration. How the Fly Sprendt Ditrtif. "The adult fly, upon emerging from the puparlmn. works Its way upward through the soil or 111th and upon reaching the air It crawls about while its wings expand and the body hardens and assumes Its normal coloration. In a very few days the female Is ready to deposit eggs. "The body of the house fly |s thickly covered with hairs and bristles of varying lengths, and this rt of Silhoue became generally known, although It received Its natno from its most famous exponent. Etlenne de Silhouette. who lived during the reign of l^ouls XV. of France o?? Inr silhoucttistH was August Kdouart, who was horn In 1788. Ills collection. which Included numbers of famous people. ?as said to have numbered fiO.Oo- examples of his art. many of the pictures having been cut In this country from 1S.19 to 1844, during which time he lived In Now [udson Maxim. LAM, CLAKKSBOim, \V. Star] of the k Prof. L. O. Hou United States Bure Leads the Way i The Fmit Fly. Eggs of the House F1 in especially truo of the lees. Thus, wlicn It crawls over Infected material It readily becomes loaded with germs. and subsequent visits to human foods result In their contamination When we realize that then feed Upon the most filthy substances the necessity and importance of housn fly control la rlmr "In army ramps, in mining camps and in great public works bringing together large numbers of men for a longer or shorter time, there ia not. always proper sanitation, and the carriage of typhoid germs to food by files is common and often results in epidemics of typhoid fever. And such carriage of typhoid Is by no means confined to temporary camps. In farmhouses. In small communities and even in badly cared for portions of large cities, typhoid germs are carried to food by flies "In the same way other Intestinal germ diseases are carried by flics. Asiatic cholera, dysentery and infantile diarrhoea are all no carried. Nor are tho disease-hearing possibilities of tho house fly limited to intestinal Kertn diseases. There Is strong circumstantial evidence that tuberculosis. anthrax, yaws. ophthalmia, smallpox. troplral sore and parasitic worms may he ami are so carried. "In the effort to destroy flies the use of sticky fly papers Is very common. Another way is to expose in shallow dishes a mixture of formaitte Portrait* York city. During the vogue of silhouette cutting many famous people tried their hands at It with more or less sucresf. among whom were Qoetho. Napoleon and Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of George III. of England. During the latter part of the reign of Queen Victoria the silhouette fad waned in its popularity, owing to the lack of skill shown among most of those who attempted It. The return to popularity of tho silhouette is due to the wonderful skill shown In this method of portraiture by Mrs. Kate Wlllsrd Parker of Philadelphia, who in flipping her way through life, catching the pro i Hies of men and women famous in art, literature, politics, music and * tbo drama on the points of her scis- i Kate Douglas Wiggin. ^ 4 VA., J OWE mm. Iou& Jard, Chief of the 'au of Entomology, to Warfare on the Death - Bearing Domestic Peril?How \ the House Fly Spreads Disease. y Greatly Magnified. lin and milk or water, sweetened with n little anpnr (one teaspoonful of commercial formalin i" one tea* cupful of water or milk). This I* moHt efToctlvo when no other liquids are accessible to the tlleH I'orutnlll* diluted In this manner Is not poison* oiih to man and will not Injuro fab* rlca. In this respect It 1b much safer than the fly poison* containing irHcnlc. Methods of Destroying thr Pest. "Iltirnlnc of fresh pyrothrum powder Is also effective in killing Ales in rooms. "Ply tiaps may he used to advuntnKo in decronslna th? numher of men a? n rule iho larger ones are tl?? more effort I ve. Thono should ho placed on the out Hide of houses, stores, stables, etc Bananas. mignr nnd vinegar, milk and beer will bo found to bo attractive* halts undor most circumstances. "The most logical mot hod of abat* Ing Iho flv nuisance Is the elimination or treat meat of all brooding placet*. It would appear from what wo know of tho lifo, history and bahltf* of tho common house fly that it It* perfectly fonalble for cltlps and to vvtif* to reduce the n inn hers of those annoying nnd dangerous Insects so greatly an to rondor them of comparatively alight account. "The hurenu of entomology linn for some yenrs advised thai all ire?Scissor norn Today Mrn. Parker's wonderful collection of xllhouetteH numbern over 10.000 portraits. He? work Is attracting much uttentlon. not only In America, but also In. Europe, where nhe ban spent a great deal of timo in nodal life. By her own peculiar methods of wielding her scissors Mrs. Pnrker secures likenesses which are photographic in their sharpness and at the stino time picturesque and artistic. She rnrcly makes a sllhouetto twice with Just tho same effect, for sho knows how to pose her subjects. "I color some of tho silhouettes." pnvn Mrs. Parker, "and add to others bosom bouquets and wreaths In thHr hair, odd imttt or head dreHsoa. Heat them In hiKhhacked chairs or Maud Adams. t Portrait of a i - 0 ivro. fcTrei >TJy retime and Alth In which flic* are likely to breed be kept In tlv light plln or bin* Thorn In no doubt a* to the eCroctlvono** of this root hod when the n(H0HK?ry precaution* ?m tnkcn. "Fly breeding In accumulation* of nilh can ho prevented hv lho u?o of rliomlcal aubat.iticr* which will kill tho egg* and mnggnt* ?>f tho hou*o fly. Wo have conducted a *crle* ?! experiment* during tho Innt iwo jro'TM in which a largo number of chemicals worn applied to Infi *tcd tnnnuro and ohaorvailon* mad-' on thoir efficiency In klIlliigthom?KRota Of lho nmnorotiH mil stance* tiled, tho ono which acorn* heat to fulfill thono condltlonn I* powdered hollo bore For the treatment of tunnum a water extract of the hollehoro la prepnrt d by adding one half pound of tho powder to every to gallona of water, and after mining It in allowed to stand 24 bourn. Edurftl itmitl Campaign Necrxmry " The ainiple and cffcotlvc stock tulxturo thus prepared Is sprinkled over tho manure at tho rate of 10 gallons to over> right luishol* (10 ruble fret) of mnnurr From tho reanlt of 12 experiment* with manure plloa treated under natural condition* It appear* thai such irr. 'inent res ilt* In the dent run Ion of fiom Ss lo 09 per cent, of the fl\ larvae. "Another chemical found lo ho ??Vt>n ?mi?m ii\t? tin ii inrvrniu in powdered borax. The boat i nulla arc obtained when the borax la nppiled In notation. or when wot or la aprlnkled ??n after the borax baa been acntten-d evenly over the flltli. Borax in not otll> effect Ire III killing the larvae of fllea. but when It cmoa In contact with the eggs It cxerta ii toxic action which prevent a them from hatching. "Antiny crnandea hare been very I 1 ??m Larvae or Maggots of the Con numerous in recent yours, ami hoiiio have been noteworthy iioih an to methods and result*. However. It Is not amiss now to emphasize the Importance of concerted. onuniMd effort on the part of whole commitnltles. not only cities, but suburban nnd rural neighhorhoodi as well. By the most painstaking care ooo may prevent nil fly breeding on his premlPictures of 1 demurely behind diamond paned window frames In fact. I study each subject to rco where I can accentuate the individuality so as to make the silhouette a striking portrait. Sometimes a crooked tooth will raise the Up to an unusual angle, or a tiptilted nose, a shaggy eyebrow or a refractory curl will give me a chance to make a truer and sharper portrait, but not a caricature, mind you. "I mount the pictures on old black silk or whlto brocade, cut from family heirlooms such as wedding gowns. ' court costumes and ball dresses, framing them appropriately. When .. . I I l_ I V. I.. Rinnnnr )l? nniHUVU III linn liiiuiiiui inn mi) black ani white picture makes a gift William M. Chase. Lady. '5 H ichss =_== Tho "Little House Fly." Tli Stable Fly or Biting House Fly. Tho Blue Bottlo Ply. I imon House Fly, Actual Size. PH. hut It will nvull htm lllllo If his nelsh'bors sro tint equally carefnL HH Soma sort of mi.nPrs. Inn is nvcessnry. One of tho tlrst nnd most- Important i-lomonts In nay untidy crusndn Is s vlKototis nutl continued 3duostlnniil rum pel an to hrliu tho pooplo to n ronllsntlon of the dntmprs iron dies iiml tho possibility of cot- B tint; rltl of thorn." the Famous. I full of (tout Intent. I Hometlmca paint the silhouettes on oval rIasb and em' Iiohb tliein in gold. Sometimes I put them on gold backgrounds made of ^ rrsl gold leaf, and again I cut there from black, white, red and buff pa* tiers and mount them fan-like on a neutral background which makea them stand out na strongly almost as a bas-relief." llorlnK *ltb a diamond drill coaU an average of (IS a foot. flue >lan low allowa a man to mar- ? rjr only four llmea. and be muat marry before (0 or not at all. l Edwin Markham. I