The daily telegram. [volume], November 28, 1916, Page PAGE 9, Image 23

About The daily telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1901-1926

Image provided by: West Virginia University

                
INDUSTRIAL NUMBER
FROM
EGYPT'S K
USED TI
|t RECLA
The pump as a means of ra
machines known to'man. Long
man emerged from the age of hun
it necessary to provide means of
herds in places where no pure \va
Following the age of the she
demand for an apparatus was ev
ing he now cared for a tract to s
ily, and if there was not a sufficien
for irrigation from lower strean
,crease.
Following this came that of t
tion and comfort necessitated su;
higher source by gravity to sprinj
ural springs. These latter two ar
in this country and the Old World.
Modern civilization now demanded*!1
more, as pumping machinery had been ,
improved, and today unlimited supply
is found not only in cities, hut isolated
farms having their individual plant,
supplying water to each room in sufficl'Gf
fiimntiliiW nl?n ihn n?wl
, ... HIV I '?V II Uiivt
H other places. In crowded cities large .
Quantities of water under heavy presI
DIAGRAM PLAN
I OF OPERATIONS
I IN COALMINES
Science Aids in Recovery of
I Pillars Without Hazard to
the Miners.
I ROOM CENTERS INCREASED
Early Dimension of Twenty
Five Feet Enlarged Up to
One Hundred.
I^_ Uij' t-'iarK, Jr., <ien. Supt. Harry |
B, Coal & Coke Co. and Ifiu iy
B. Coal Co.)
The mining of coal is not a new industry,
but it has been only during the
last few years that it has been carried
on scientifically.
The old idea in opening a mine was
to realize on the investment without
waiting for proper development, and
without regard for the future welfare
of the mine. Such matters as ventillation,
drainage and haulage have had
the study of the coal mining people
for many years and in recent years the
matter of proper explosives and the
scientific shooting of coal as a part of
proper preparation has received quite
a lot of attention.
The question of proper and scientific
recovery of pillar coal has been
given more study and has made more
rapid strides toward perfection than
perhaps any other phase of coal mining.
The old plan was to drive rooms
on narrow centers, practically disre
I garding the coal left in the partition
pillars between rooms, the operator
probably being satisfied with seventy"
five per cent recovery.
Room centers have been gradually
increased from twenty-five to forty,
sixty, eighty and now under heavy
cover in some mines to one hundred
feet.
The old method of driving rooms
up as the heading advanced and pulling
the pillars back to a heading pillar.
then starting at the end of heading
and trying to draw room pillars,
partition and barrier pillars back with
the vertical weight and the gob or
latteral weight on both sides was not
very successful and as a whole is not
successful in this region unless one
has the weight relieved on both sides
before starting back with the pillars.
The use of one hundred foot centers
for rooms is one of the safest
ways of developing a mine and a sure
way of getting a good recovery if
properly carried out. -Large barrier
? pillars should be left to protect all
haulways. air courses and manways.
1^^ so if you have any unforseen difficulties
in bringing back your pillar work
your headings, haulways and air
courses in no way will be jeopardized.
Of course there are a lot of local conditions
to be taken into consideration,
such as drainage, top, bottom and
haulage conditions which must govern
themselves, but as a whole large
barrier pillars, one hundred room centers
and a pillar line at an angle of
about forty-five degrees with the rooms
driven through the gob gives
one the proper vertical weight without
the disadvantage of the gob-weight.
The accompanying drawing illustrates
the statement set forth in the
above article.
& 1 > ' ; ' " ' . J 1 " ' ' ' .1 1
1 ' - '1 1 . _
THE CLARK
ANCS
INGS 1
iEM TO
IM LANDS ;
i i
ising water is one of the oldest j
before the Christian era. when
ter to that of shepherd, he found
raising water for his (locks and j
ter was obtainable.
i-Vi r 1
t
pherd to that of the farmer the;
en greater; in place of wander-j
upply his flocks, herds and famt
supply, he had to lift the water
is so that there could be an indie
townsman, where for protec-j
pplying water either from some:
?s, hand pump from well or nat-j
e still found in some of the cities I
i
1 h -< ' V,I- 1,1 ' ! ''I'*
i
sure is ready at a moment's notice fot
lire protection.
In Old Kprypt.
From the original crude design ofj
the pump until the present day the j
same effective ideas can still he traced!
ill hough in a modified form. Among]
the earliest types of pumps were those j
I MAP TO ILLU
GENERAL METRO
IN
FAIRMONT ]
WEST VIR
Eng. Dep-x., W.Va.Di
1311.
Scale or e
II' 1J J.ll.l.U 111 I II,
o ioo ;
n //
11 :JU7
liOODQl
|| [
I
Iti'pue i Web
ir ^
:SBUBG DAILY TELEGRA
im pi
if the Noria. found in China and also
ggj*l>t. Tliis machine raised the water
by moans of huokots attached to a
ivhool operated hy tho stream or some
ininnil power. Some of tho pumps
tsoil in this country arc along this
doa.
Another is the Shadoof, being com
11011 in Egypt, and is the ordinary vol"
sweep sometimes seen on farms in
.his country. The Mental. Katweh ami ,
Doon arc other old types. The Tympanum
was employed in Egypt. A'
WlHMlrffiTi>'T^MF- M
i Sfl
\V<?rkiiiir Fnc.' in (Viitral >Vc
ST RATE
D OF MINING
REGION
GINIA /T //
v.THE C.C.CO. ^ yj^ffl
tSSSS3 essa bto?
?; i
8
1
li ^ ^ ^ IL^
HMODDnL
1,1
U Lr
.flu
Note.
Rooms ?0 1
Headings I1
Main Wrw
Oiaiance b
Distance ic
^AIR-shaft
^=er^<=i c=3^==:
?""^?^1"" 7/ I C
^$=5l_ Id
Main Slope , , ,0
IMIItll!l!l'llllltlll!lIIHllll1tlll'l -^TZZ': ' L~
HHZH Z
\SZD ZDi n . >ir i
j; j\r>y.%\',*y ? ' >." j' - ' *;f-5i t x^ijaiv:'
? : : -
M?TUESDAY. NOYBXBE
JMPSl
int'ttl tube attached to the face of the
wheel driven by the current. with the
end of the lube at the huh open, allows
the water to he gradually lifted
to the hub and thenee passed to the ;
trough for irrigation servtro. The
Archituedinn screw was another prin
eiple employed in raising water.
Steam Succeeds Animals.
In 100,1 the use of steam pressure
was suggested by Delia Porto in an
arrangement in which the boiler and,
puinp were separate. The principle
st Virginia Coal .Mine.
^driBc
<kmmi
^MB'Biara nPirir
WM#U'1>U'U'L
cMMMtuisa tesmsa i i ? |?1
nlrt
innDOODui,
lOD-DflflOflflL
ZH w HTZ y* __H ?
fc&L \
M 19 ifil 17 it r , \
. LALaLJ L L 11 n?Lri_\n i
i rC h HH M
t. -wide and bO <1. center to center.
0 ft wtde and ?5 ft. center to center, eTcepf
ays and(Hau\wAv& a 2S ft. of 30 ft. p\Uar Vs
etYieen .tjutt Headings 300 to 3b0 tt.
wtween Face Heading tSOO to tSOO <t.
. ^ ^ MM 1-^
Main South Atwway;
MAN wav \
\^.majn hmi^ways
" '.' 'v "-' * I !'!?' "J ifV'i'^Xr ! .. ' ? *". r' rffri ? ' ' ' J '">'!. Uj 1?J -'y- o.: '
: 4'ip v$'i;!'!v'!i"1 j|. !'||^ > -i 7^-^
.' '. v- - -I '.- ' ' - ." - ' ';. _
i! 28.
roMO
uf raising water by suction and the-:
itso of valves and (lie syphon were h
known ahoui the time of the Chris-'
iian era. loti not until ltMl was there
:inv tleviee perfected with their uso. i
In Itl.lS Savory patented an engine;
for freeing the mines of Cornwall J'
from water, to do away with the use j
of animal power to operate the pumps, j
which was very expensive and had '
reached their capacity, there being as i:
many as f?t)0 horses employed in one (
mine 10 handle the water. L<nek of i
t
snllleient steam |? return re prevented
their use in deep mines.
Pistons lor moving the water were
suggested and used by means of op- '
e rating by some inerhanieal power. '
Neweoinen's engine used steam for
operating the water tiiston of a ditTerent
size than the steam piston and al- '
lowed the mines tit he made deeper.
The engine heing driven hv the a linos- '
!i
phere and operated hv steam at a low;
; " <; ji|
pressure it was styled "the atmosphere ;
engine."
Itov Is Imeiiinr.
i
11 umphrey Potter. in 17115. as a hoy
who operated the valves on an engine
of this kind; arranged a plan of atilo- (
mnticaUy eont rolling 11>?> shut I ing off ,
of the water and steam l?> Iteams ami ,
catches itiui done away with an at- |
tendant. Tliis was later improved by
using :i walking heain with pins to op- ,
erale the valve Itandle its it was ,
raised a ml lowered. Those were made
of different sizes, one having a six
IQUUoQljL,
IDDBIPBILl
lbllbllci
=r-t=K==><^=^?-cz k==z
No. 6 Butt Hiadi
No. S Butt Heaoinc
r t ri n n. . ji ri f 7 fl f ~l
zhzzh jf h
No.4 Butt Heac
vx>+\1%
\ xb
f x?\c
^ ^i fi ri ^^^
No. j\butt hcaoino j
f ^ (0
\ D
No. 2. Butt Hcadinb
fc
be\ween \
C
?
No. I Butt Heaoinb
V> ] ' '
I
I 11 11 T \c ' i
h
I \C==1\" Id II=f
3) IC=x
I.. *1''
PAGE 9
DERN
root stroke tind t w en t y- th roe- Inch
diameter.
Nowcohu;n's engine was hnprbvod,
thai of $mcnt6u wan made loitger
stroke ami. using different slice pistons,
was able to got nimbi higher speed.
Those engines were soon used to a
large extent in the eoal mines of Coventry
ami New Castle ami the tin ami
roppor mines of Cornwall. As a result
the mines were of greater depth,
cost of pumping was out down and
enabled supplying towns.
James Watt Contributes.
The invention of the steam engine
hy James Walt about this time forms
iin interesting event in the history of
i'ivili/.utiou which every engineer
should lie familiar with. His Inventions
greatly improved pumping 0011:l
it ions. With Itoulton. Watt took out
:i number of patents for various purposes.
la 177 1 their IVrst engine was
built. Consideralde dillleuity was met
In getting men and machines to build
the engines and this demand gave
much incentive to developing the trade
of machinists. Watt used the term
'horsepower," now so common today.
A much simpler engine was brought
>ut In 17!tS known as (ho Hull-Cornish
iMiKinc, and was found to ho hot (op
adapted for mi no sorvioo and In uso
[onKOr.
Tho Cornish pump. as it war. com- $1
I
manly known in this oountry, was
n.sod in tliis rojtion in tho oarly oinht(Continuod
on Jhijxo 111
opt
n fl 1
Dli U
I
y
h
J1
U- ^
] Vx
k
1. s V