Cooper's Clarksburg register. [volume], December 10, 1851, Image 3

About Cooper's Clarksburg register. [volume] (Clarksburg, Va. [W. Va.]) 1851-1861

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hew tcrritor 18 dally adding to tho num
ber of H-1?-engaged 'n 'bat vocation.?
Justj'- Rn^ sound policy, therefore, alike
,-o^uire that the Government should use
nil the means authorized by tho Constitu
tion to promote the interests and welfare
of that important elasss of our fellow-cit
izens. And yet it is a singular fact that,
whilst the manufacturing and commercial
interests have engaged the attention of
Congress during a largo portion of every
session, and our statutes abound in pro
visions for their protection and encourage
ment, little has yet been done directly for
the advancement of agriculture. It is
time that this reproach to our legislation
should be removed ; and I sincerely hope
that the present Congress will not cloj-c
their labors without adopting efficient
means i" supply the omissions of those
who have proceeded them.
An Agricutural Bureau, charged with
ibe duty vf collecting and disseminating
correct Information as to tho best modes
wt' cultivation, and of the most effectual
means of preserving and restoring the
fertility of. the soil, and of procuring and
distributing seeds and plants and other
vegetable productions, with instructions
in regard to the soil, climate, and treat
ment best adapted to their growth, could
not fail to bo, in the language of Wash
ington, in his last annual message to Con-'
a " very cheap instrument of im- [
mense national benefit."
Regarding the act of Congress appro
ved '-!Uth September, 1850, granting boun
iv lands to persons who had been enga
ged in the military service of the country,
as a great measure of national justice and
munificence, an anxious desire has been
t'elt by the officers entrusted with its im
mediate execution, to give prompt effect!
to its provisions. All the means within
their control were, therefore, brought in
to fequisiuon to expedite the adjudication'
of claims, and 1 am gratified to be able I
to state that near one hundred thousand I
applications have been considered, and |
-about seventy thousand warrants issued
xv ithin tho short space of nine months.?- J
If adequate provision be made by law to!
awry into oflect tho recommendation of :
tlit- Department, .it is confidently expected |
that, before the close of the next fiscal
year, all who are entitled to the bone
lits of the act will have received theirj
v arrants.
The Secretary of the Interior has sug
gested in his .report, various amendments
of the laws nil a ting to pensions and botin
tv hinds, for the purpose of more effectu
ally guarding against abuses and frauds
i u the Ctovernmnnt, to all of which 1 in
v5 e vi.uir particular attention.
The largo accessions to our Indian pop
ulation consequent upon the acquisition of:
.New Mexico and California, and the ex
tension of our settlements into Utah and j
Oiegon. have give a increased interest and
importance to our relations with the abo
rij.i lal race.
No material change has taken place,
within the hist year, in the condition and
pro-j e ? s of ;lie lirlii'.n tribes w ho reside
in tin! North-\vc-:ern Territory and west
of j lie Mississsippi river. We are at peace
with all of them; and it will be a source
of pleasure lo you to learn that they are
;;r idiially advancing in civilization and
tlio pur id's of social life.
Along the Mexican frontier, nnuin Cal
ifornia, and Oregon, there have been oc
casional manifestations of unfriendly feel
ing, and some depredations committed.?
I am satisfied, however that they resulted
more from lite destitute and starving con
dition of the Indians than from any set
tled hostility toward the whites. As the
settlements of our citizens progress to
ward- them, tin- ginio upon which they
mainly re Iy tor subsistence is driven oil or
?Trsii". i. ii?. oidv alternative left to
them is starvation or plunder. It be
comes us to consider, in vciw of this con
dition o!'thing . whether jnstico ami hu
manit v, as well as an enlightened econ
oniv, do not reijuire, that instead of seek- ;
ing to punish them tor ollences which are
tin result of our own policy towards them,
we should not provide for their immediate
wants and entourage them to engage in;
agriculture, and to rely on their labor, in- j
stead of,the ch:e*e, for the means of sup
port.
Y urioii-important treaties have been I
negotiated with different tribes during
the year, by which their title to large and
valuable tracts of country has been ex
tinguished, all of which will, at the prop
er time, be submitted to the Senate for
ratification.
The joint commission under the treaty
of "Guadalupe Hidalgo has been actively
engaged in running and marking the
boundary line between the United States
and Mexico. It was stated, in the last
annua I'report of the Secretary of the Inte
rior, thiil the initial point on the Pacific
and the point of junction of the Gila with
the Colorado river had been determined,
and thji (intervening lino, about one hun
dred nittifly miles in length, run and
mat ked by temporary monuments. Since
that time a nn lament of marble has been
erected at the initial point, and perma
nent landmark- of iron have been placed
at suitable distances along the line.
The Initial |? tint on the ltio llrande has
also been fixed by the commissioners at
latitude 32 de^'. 22 mill., and at the date
of the last communication the survey of
the Hue had bion made thence westward
about one hundred and fifty miles to the
neighborhood >f the copper mines.
'I fee com mi- ion on our part was at first '
Tganizod on i scale which experience1
proved to be u:\vieldy and attended with'
\u"".<.(.Rsary expense. Orders have, thcre
'orc, bv.< u tssuid for the reduction of the
aiumoer ??f persons employed within the
smallest hunts, consistent with the safety
of those en?aj., ,i jn lj10 serviCCt an(j the
prompt and fctWiont execution of their
important duties.
Returns hav, been received from all
the officers engaged in taking the census
Uk the States and Territories, except Cal
ifornia. The superintendent employed
to make the enumeration in that State
has not vet made his full report, from
'causes, as he alleges, beyond his control.
I Ids failure is much to be regretted, as it
has prevented tho Secretary of the Inte
rior from Vnaking the decennial appoint
ment of representatives among the States
as required by the act approved May 23,
lOoO. It is honed, however, that the re
turns will soon be received, and no time
will then be lost in making the necessary
apportionment, and in transmitting the
certificates required by law.
The Superintendent of the Seventh Cen
sus is diligently employed, under the di
rcotion of tho Secretary of the Interior, in
classifying and arranging, in tabular form
nil the statistical information derived from
tlio returns of tho marshals, and it is be
lieved that when the work shall be com
pleted it will exhibit a more perfect view
of tho population, wealth, occupations,
and social condition of a great country,
than has ever beenpresented'tothe world. (
The value of such a work, as the basis of
enlightened legislation, can hardly be
over-estimated; and I earnestly hope that
Congress will lose no time in making the
appropriations nccessary to complete the
classifications, and to publish the results
in a style worthy of the subject and of our
national character.
The want of a uniform fee bill, prescri
bing the compensation to be allowed dis
trict attorneys, clerks, marshals, and
commissioners in civil and criminal cases,
is the cause of much vexation, injustice,
and complaint. I would recommend a
thorough revision of the laws on the whole
subject, and the adoption of a tariff' of*
fees, which as far as practicable, should
be uniform, and prescribe a specific com-j
pensation for every service which the of-:
ticer may be required to perform. This
subject will be fully presented in the re-1
port of the Secretary of the Interior.
In my last annual message I gave brief-'
ly mv reasons for believing that you pos-1
sessed the constitutional power to improve '
the harbors of our great lakes nnd sea-;
coast, nnd the navigation of our principal'
rivers, nnd recommended that nppropria-!
tiotis should be made for completing such j
works as had already been commenced, I
and for commencing such others as might
seem to the wisdom of Congress to be of
public and general importance. Without
repeating the reasons then urged, I deem
it my duty again to call your attention to
this important subject. The works 011
many of the harbors were left in an unfin
ished state, and consequently exposed to
the action of the elements, which is fast
destroying them. Great numbers of lives
and vast amounts of property are annu
ally lost for want of safe anci convenient
harbors on the lakes. Nemo but those
who have been exposed (o that dangerous
navigation, can fully appreciate the im
portance of this subject. The whole j
north-west appeals to you for relief, and
I trust their appeals will receive due con
sideration at your hands.
The same is in a measure true in regard
to some of the harbors and inlets on the j
seneoa'st.
The unobstructed navigation of our
large rivers is of equal importance. Our
settlements are now extending to the.sour
ces of the great rivers which empty into,
And form a part of the Mis t, and the
value of the public lands regions
would be greatly enhanet ('i"g the
navigation of those waters obstruc
tions. In view, therefore, lis great;
interest, I deem it my duty again to urge
upon Congress to make such appropria
tions for these improvements as they may ,
deem necessary.
The survey of the Delta of the Missis-,
sippi, with a view to the prevention of
the overflows that have proved so disas-!
trous to that region of country., lave been
nearly completed, am1 the rfjitpts there
of are now in course of and
will shortly be laid before yjMin
The protection of our western j
frontier, and of the adjacent Mexican :
States, against the Indian tribes within j
our border, has claimed my earnest and j
constant attention. Congress ha ving fail
ed at last session, to adopt my recommen
dation that an additional regiment of
mounted men specially adapted to that ser
vice should be raised, all that remained to|
be done was to make the best use of the
means at mv disposal. Accordingly, all
the troops adapted to that service that
could properly be spared from other qu;y
ters have been concentrated on that fron
tier, and officers of high reputation se
lected to command them. A new ar
rangement of the military j osts has also
been made, whereby the troops are
brought nearer to the Mexican frontier
and to the tribes they arc intended to
overawe.
Sufficient time has not yot elapsed to
realize all the benefits that are expected '
to result from these arrangements, but I
have every reason to hope that they will
effectually check their marauding expe
ditions. The nature of the country,
which furnishes little for the support of an
army, and abounds in places of refuge and
concealment, is remarkably well adapted
to this predatory warfare ; and we can
scarcely hope that any military force,
combined with the greatest vigilance, can
entirely suppress it.
By the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
we are bound to protect the territory of
Mexico against the incursions of the sav
age tribes within our border " with equal
diligence and energy" as if the same were
made within our territory or against our
citizens. 1 have endeavored to comply,
as far as possible, with this provision of
the treaty, Orders have been given to
the officers commanding on that frontier
to consider the Mexican territory and its
inhabitants as equally with our own enti
tled to their protection ; and to make all
their plans and arrangements with a view
to the attainment of this object. Instruc
tions have also been given to the Indian
commissioners and agents among these
tribes, in all treaties, to make the claus
es designed for the protection of our own
citizens apply also to those of Mexico. 1
have no reason to doubt that these in
structions have been fully carried into ef
fect. Nevertheless, it is probable, that
in spite of all our efforts, some of the
neighboring States of Mexico may have
suQercdt as our own have, from depreda
tions by the Indians.
To the difficulties of defending out
own territory, as above mentioned, arc
superadded, in defending that of Mexioo,
those that arise from its remoteness, from
the fact that we have no right to station
our troops within her limits, and that
there is no efficient military force on the
Mexican side to co-operate with our own.
So long as this shall continue to be the
case, the number and activity of our
troops will rather increase than diminish
the evil, Rs the Indians will naturally turn
towards that-country where they encoun
ter the least resistance. Yet these troops
are necessary to subdue the 111, and to
compel them to make and observe trea
ties. Until this shall have been done,
neither country will enjoy any security
from their attacks.
The Indians in California, who had
previously appeared of a peaceable char
acter, and disposed to cultivate the friend
ship of the whites, have recently commit
ted several acts of hostility. As a large
portion of the reinforcements sent to the
Mexican frontier were drawn from the
Pacific, the military force now stationed
there is considered entirely inadequate to
its defence. It cannot be increased, how
ever, without an increase of the. army ;
and I again rccommend that measure as
indispensable to the protection of the
frontier.
I invite your attention to the suggestions on this
subject, and on others connected with his Depart
ment, in the report of the Secretary of War.
The appropriations for the support of the army
during the current fiscal year ending 80th June
next, were r^luced farhelow the estimate submit
ted by the Dcpartmeut. The consequence of this
reduction is a considerable deficiency, to which I
invite your early attention.
The expenditures of that Department, for the
year ending 30th June last, were $9,060,268 58.
The estimates for the year commencing 1st July
next and ending June 30.1863 are $7,898,775 83;
showing a reduction of $1,161,492 75.
The Board of Commissioners, to whom the man
agement of the affairs of the Military Asylum cre
ated by the act of 3d March last was entrusted,
have selected a site for ths establishment of an
Asylum in the vicinity of tliiseity, which has been
approved bv me, subject to the production of a
satisfactory title.
The report of the Secretary of the Navy will ex
hibit the condition of the public service under the
supervision of thijt Department. Our naval force
afloat during ths present year has been actively
and usefully employed in giving pjotcction to our
widely extended and increasing commerce and
interests in the various quarters of the globe, and
our flag has everywhere afforded the secCritv and
received the respect inspired by the justice aii'l
liberality of our intercourse, and the dignity and'
power of the nation.
The expedition commanded -by Lieutenant De
Haven, despatbhed in search of the British com
mander, Sir John Franklin, and his companions
in the Arctic Seas, returned to New York in the
month of October, after l.
peril and suti'cts changed?a beautiful vil
tterous navigafear the spot of our confer
climatc withop grass of the church-yard is
the objects of the grave of the old hunter,
tions to scienci is fixed upon my mind, and
quontcil polnufomel, only burns deeper the ^
tho expcJiti^jon it, comes up before me
servive, J>v' * .. . J wlmco '
tho entire approbation of the Government, it is
suggested, as an act of grace and generosity, that
the same allowances of extra pay and emoluments
bo extended to them that were made to the offi
cers and men of like rating in the late exploring
expedition to the South Seas.
1 enrncstly recommend to your atten
tion the necessity of re-organizing the
Naval Establishment, apportioning and
fixing the number of officers in each
tirade, providing some mode of promo
tion to the higher grades of the navy,
having reference to merit and capacity,
rather than seniority or date of entry into
the service, and for retiring from the ef
fective list upon reduced pay those who
may be incompetent to the performance
of active duty. As a measure of econo
my as well as of efficiency in this arm of
the service, the provision last mentioned
is eminently worthy of your considera
tion.
The determination of the questions of
relative rank between the sea officers and
civil officers of the navy, and between
officers of the army and navy, in the
various grades of each, will also merit
your attention. The failure to provide
any substitute, when cdVporal punishment
was abolished for offences in the uavy,
has occasioned the convening of numer
ous court-martial upon the arrival of ves
sels in port, and is believed to have had
an injurious effect upon the discipline and
efficiency of the service. To moderate
punishment from one grade to another if
among the humane reforms of the age ;
hut to abolish one of severity, which ap
plied so generally to offences on ship
board, and provide nothing in its stead,
is to suppose a progress of improvement
in every individual among seamen which
is not assumed by the Legislature in re
spect to any other class of men. It is
hoped that Congress, in the ample op
portunity afforded by the present session,
will thoroughly investigate this important
subject, and established such modes of
determining guilt, and such gradations
of punishment as are consistent with hu
manity and the personal rights of indi
viduals, and at the same time shall ensure
the most energetic and efficient perfor
mance of duty and the suppression of
crime in our ships ot war.
The stone dock in the navy yard at
New York, which was ten years in pro
cess of construction, has been so far fin
ished as to be surrendered up to the au
thorities of the yard. The dry dock at
Philadelphia is reported as completed,
and is expected soon to be tested and de
livered over to the agents of the Govern-1
ment. That at Portsmouth, New Hamp
shire, is also nearly ready for delivery ;
and a contract has been concluded,
agreeably to the act ef Congress at its
last session, for a floating sectional dock
on the Bay of San Francisco. I invite
your attention to the recommendation of
the Department, touching the establish
ment of a navy yard in conjunction with
this dock on the Pacific. Such a station
is highly necessary to the convenience.
and effectiveness of our fleet in that ocean,!
which must be expected to increase with
the growth'of commerce, and the rapid
extension of our whale fisheries over its
waters.
The Naval Academy at Annapolis, un
der a revised and improved system of reg
ulations, now affords opportunities of ed
ucation and instruction to the pupils quite
equal it is believed, for professional im
provement to those enjoyed by the cadets
in the Military Academy. A large class
of acting midshipmen was received at the
commencement of the last academic
term, and a practice ship has been attach
ed to the institution, to afford the amplest
means for regular instruction in seaman
ship, as well as for cruises during tBe va
cations of three or four months In each
year.
The advantages of science in naxitical
affairs have rarely been more strikingly
illustrated than in the fact stated in the
report of the Navy Department, that, by
means of the wind and current charts,
1 projected and prepared by Maury, the
Superintendent of the Naval Observato
! ry, the passage from the Atlantic to the
Pacific ports of our country has been
shortened by about forty days.
The estimates for the support of the
1 Navy and Marine Corps the ensuing fis
\ cal year will be found to be $5,856,472
19, the estimates for the current year be
ing $5,900,621.
I The estimates for special objects under
'?the control of this Department amount to
* . yj ? ' I'-"- ? ?
$8,684,220 89, against $2,210,980 for
the present year, the increase being oc
casioned by the additional mail service on
the Pacific coast and the construction of
the dock in California, authorized at the
last session of Congress, and some slight
additions under the head of improvements
and repairs in navy yards, buildings and
machinery.
1 deem it of much importance to a just
! economy, and a correct understanding of
naval expenditures, that there shoula be
i an entire separation of the appropriations
for the support of the naval service proper
from those for permanent improvements
at navy yards and stations, and from
ocean steam mail service, and other spe
cial objects assigned to the supervision of
this Department.
The report of the Postmaster General,
communicated, presents an interesting
j view of the progress, operations, and con
dition of his Department.
At the close of the fiscal year, the
length of mail routes within the United
States was 196,290 miles; the annual
transportation thereon 53,272,252 miles;
j and the annual cost of such transporta
tion $3,421,754.
The length of tho foreign mail routes is estima
ted (it 13,349 miles; and the annual transportation
thereon at 615-200 miles. The annual cost of
this service is $1,472,137, of which $44S,937 is
i paid by the Post Office Department, and $1,023,
230 is paid through the Navy Department.
The annual transportation within the United
States (excluding tho service in California and
j Oregon, which is now for tho first time, reported
and embraced in the tabular statements of the
Department) exceeds that of the proceeding year
8,1<52,SS5 miles, at an increased cost of $347,110.
The whole number of post offices in the United
States, on the 30th day of June last, was 19.796.
There'were 1.69? post offices established, and 250
discontinued, during the year.
The gross revenues of the Department for the
fiscal year including tho appropriations for the
? franked matter of Congress, of tho Departments,
and officers of Government, and excluding tho
foreign postages, collected for and payable to tho
British post office, amounted to $0,737,?66 73.
Tlio expenditures for the same period (excluding
j20.599 49, paid under an award of the Auditor,
I pursuance of a resolution of the last Congress
for mail service on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers
in 1532 and 1S33, and the amount paid to the Brit
ish post office for foreign postages collected for
and papable to that office) amounted to $6,024,
500 79; leaving a balance of revenuo over the
proper expenditures of the year of $703,299 99.
The receipts for postages, during tho year (ex
cluding tho foreign postages collected for and pay
able to the British post office) amounted to $6,
345,747 21, being an increase of $997,610 79, or
IS. 65-100 per cent, over the like receipts for tho
preceding year.
Tho reduction of postage, under tho act of
March last, did not take efl'cet until the commence
ment of the present fiscal year. The accounts for
the first quarter, under the operation of tho re
duced rates, will not be settled before January
next; and no reliable estimate of the receipts for
the present year can yet bo made. It is believed
however, that they will fall far short oftliose of
the last year. The surplus of tho revenues now
on hand is, however, so large that no further ap
propriation from tho treasury, in aid of tho rev
enues of the Department, is required for the cur
rent fiscal year; but an additional appropriation
for the year ending 30th June 1843, will probably
be found necessary when the receipts of the first
two quarters of the fiscal year arc fully ascertain
ed.
Ill Ids last annual report the Postmaster Gene
ral recommended a reduction of postage to rates
which he deemed as low as could be prudently
adopted, unless Congress was prepared to appro
priate from tlie treasury, for the support of the
Department, a sum more than equivalent to tlie
mail services performed by it for the Government.
The recommendations of the Postmaster General,
in respect to letter postage, except ou letters from
and to California and Oregon, were substantially
adopted by the lust Congress. lie now rceom
ii.wudo ?Jl.oroiioo fco tL. And
advises against a further reduction until justified :
by the revenue of the Department.
lie tilso rceommends that the rates of postage
on printed matter be so revised as to render them
more simple, and more uniform in tlioir opera
tions upon all classes of printed matter. I sub
mit the recommendations of the report to your
favorable consideration.
The public statutes of the United States have
now been accumulating for more than sixty years,
and, interspersed with private acts, are scattered
through numerous volumes, and. from the cost of
the whole, have become almost inaccessible to the
(treat mass of the community. They also exhib
it much of the incongruity and imperfection of
hasty legislation.
As it seems to be generally conceded that there
is no " common law" of the United States to sup
ply the defects of their legislation, it is most im
portant that that legislation should be as perfect
as possible, defining every power to be conferred,
every crime intended to be mode punishable, and
prescribing the punishment to be inflicted. In
addition to some particular cases spoken of more
at length, tho whole criminal code is now lamen
tably defective. Rome offences arc imperfectly
described, and others are entirely omitted; so that|
flagrant crimcs may he committed with impuni
ty. The scale of punishment is not in all cases
graduated accordiugto the nature of the offence;
and is often rendered more unequal by tho different
modes of imprisonment, or penitentiary confine
ment, in the different States.
Many laws of b permanent character have
been introduced into appropriation bills, and it is
often difficult to determine whether the particular
clause expires with tho temporary act of which it [
is a part, or continues in force. Is has also fre
quently happened that enactments and provi
sions of law have been iutroduced into bills, with
tho title or general subject of which they have
little or no connexion or relation. In this mode
of legislation so many enactments have been
heaped upon each other, and often with but little
consideration, that, in many instances, it is diffi
cult to search out and determine what is the
law.
The government of the United States is empha
tically a government of written laws. The stat
utes should, therefore, as far os practicable, not
only be made accessible to all, but be expressed in
language so plain and simple as to be understood
by all, and arranged In such method a, to give
perspicuity to every subject. Many of the States
have revised their public acts with great and man
ifest benefit; and I recommend that provision be
made by law for the appointment of a commission
to revise the public st itnte, of the United States,
arranging them in order, supplying the deficien
cies. correcting incongruities, simplifying their
language, and reporting them to Congress for its
action.
An act of Congress approved 30th September,
1650, containing a provision for the extension of
the Capitol, according to such plan as might be
approved by the President, and appropriated one
hundred thousand dollars to be expended under
his direction, by such architect as he should ap
point to exccute the same. On examining the va
rious plans which had been submitted by differ
ent architects, in pursuance of an advertisement
by a committee of the Senate, no one was faund
, to be entirely satisfactory, and it was therefore
deemed advisable to combine and adopt the advan
; tages of several.
The great object to be accomplished was to make
' such an addition as would effort! amnio and con*
venient halls for the deliberations of toe two Hou
ses of Congress, with sufficient accommodations
for spectators, and snitible apartmefate for the
. _
committee* and officers of the two !>ranche? of the
Legislature. It mi aUo deeirabie not to mar the
harmony and beauty of the preeont structure,
which, a* a specimen of architecture, is so uni
versally admired. Keeping these objects in view,
I concluded to moke the addition by wings, detach- |
ed from the present budding, yet connected with
it by corridors. This mode of enlargement will ?
leare the present Capitol uninjured, and afford
great advantages for ventilation and tho admission
of light, and will enable the work to progress
without Interrupting the deliberations of Congress.
To carry this plan into effect, I hare appointed
an experienced and competent architect. The
corner stone was laid on the 4th of July last, with
suitable ceremonies, since which time the work
has advanced with commendable rapidity, and
the foundations of both wings are now nearly
complete.
I again commend to your favorable regard the :
interests of the District of Columbia, and deem it |
only necessary to remind you, that although its !
inhabitants have no voice in the ohoice of repre- .
scntatircs in Congress, they are not the less enti- ,
tied to a just and liberal consideration In your le- !
gislation. My opinions on this subject were more !
fully expressed in my last annual communica
tion.
Other subjects were brought to the attention of |
Congress in iny last annual message, to which I
would respectfully refer. But there was one of
more than ordinary interest, to which I again in- !
vite your special attention. I allude to tho re
commendation for the appointment of a commis- {
sion to settle private claims against the United
States. Justice to individuals ns well as to the
Government imperatively demands that some more
convenient and expeditious mode than an appeal
to Congress should be adopted.
It is deeply to be regretted that in several In
stances officers of the Government, in attempting
to exccute the law for tho return of fugitives from
labor, have been openly resisted, and their efforts
frustrated and defeated by lawless and violent
mobs; that in one case such resistance resulted in
the death of an estimable citizen, and in others se
rious injury ensued to those officers and to indi
viduals who were U5ing their endeavors to sustain
tho laws. Prosecutions have been instituted
against the alledged offenders, so far as they could
be identified, and are still pending. I have regar
ded it as my duty in these cas?s, to give all uld,
legally in my power, to tho enforcement of the
laws, and I shall continue to do so wherever and
whenever their execution may bo resisted.
The act of Congress for the return of fugitives
from labor, is one required and demanded by the
express words of the constitution.
The constitution declares, "That no person held
to labor or service in one State, underthe laws
thereof, escaping into another, shall, In conse
quence of any law or regulation therein, be dis
charged from such service or labor, but shall be
delivered tip on claim of the party to whom such
s?rvlce or labor may bo due." This constitution
al provision is equally obligatory upon the Legis
lative, tho Executivo and Judicial Departments of
the Govermnont, and upon every citizen of the
United States.
Congress, however, must of necessity, first act
upon the subject, by prescribing the proceedings
necessary to ascertain that the person is a fugi
tive, and the means to be used for his restoration
to the claimant. This was done by an act passed
during the first term of President Washington,
which was amended by that enacted by tho last
Congress, and It now romains for the Executive
and Judicial Departments to take cnrO that these
laws be faithfully executed. This injunction of
the constitution is as peremptory and as binding
as any other; it stands exactly on tho same foun
dation as that clause which "roviiles for the re
turn of fugitives from justice, or that which de
clares that no bill of attainder or cx jiost facto law
shall bo passed, or that which provides for an
equality of taxation, according to tho census, or
the clause declaring that all tile duties shall bo
uniform throughout the United Stat??, or the im
portant provision that tho trial of all crimes shall ,
be by jury. These several articles and clauses of :
Ihe constitution, all resting on tho same authorl- ,
ty, must stand or fall together. Some objections 1
liavc been urged against tho details of the act for .
the return of fugitives from labor; but it is wor
thy of remark that the main opposition is aimed
.against the constitution itself, and proceeds from
persons and classes, of persons, many of whom
declore their wish to see that constitutiq;, over
turned. They avow their hostility- to any law
which shall give full and practical effect to this
requirement of the constitution. Fortunately,
the number of these persons is comparatively
small, and is believed to be daily diminishing, but
tho issue which they present is one which Invol
ves the supremacy and even the existence of tho
Constitution.
Crises have heretofore arisen in which individu
als have denied the binding authority of acts of
Congress, and even States have proposed to nul- \
lify such acts, upon the ground that the constitu- ]
tion was the supreme law of the land, and that
thoao acts of Congress were repugnant to tlmt in- i
strument, hut nullification was now aimed, not
so much against particular laws as being incon- j
sist^nt with the constitution, as against the con
stitution itielf; nnd it is not to lie disguised tiiat
a spirit exists and has i?een actively tit work to \
rend asunder this Union, which is our cherishod
inheritance from our revolutionary fathers.
In iny last annual message, I stated that I con
sidered (ho series of measures, which had been
adopted at the previous session, in reference to the
agitation growing out of the Territorial and sla
very questions, ns a final settlement in principle
and substance of the dangerous and exciting sub
jects which they embraced; and I recommended
adherence to the adjustment established by those
measures, until time and expcrienco should de
monstrate the necessity of further legislation to
guard against evasion or abuse. I was not indu
ced to make this recommendation because I
thought those moasurcs perfect, for no human le
gislation can bo perfect. Wide differences and
jarring opinions can only be reconciled by yield
ing something on all sides, and this result had
been reached after an angry conflict of many I
months, in which ono part of the country was ar
rayed against another, and violent convulsion )
seemed to be imminent. Looking at the interests
of the whole country, I felt it to be my duty to
seize upon this compromise as the best that could
be obtained amid conflicting interest*, and to in- :
sist upon it as a final settlement, to bo adhered to 1
by all who value the peace and welfare of the coun
try. A year has now elapsed since that recom
mendation was made. To that recommendation
I still adhere, and I congratulate vou and the
?country upon the general acquiescence in these
measures of peace, which has been exhibited in all
parts of the Republic. And not only Is there
this general acquiescence in these measures, but
the spirit of conciliation which has been ma llfes
ted in regard to them in all parts of the country,
has removed doubts and uncertainties in the minds
of thousands of good men, concerning the dura
bility of our popular institutions, and given re
newed assurance that our Liberty and our Union 1
may subsist together for the benefit of this and all '
succ?"ding generations,
MILLARD FILLMORE.
Washington, Dec. 2,1831.
(Coopers Clarksburg Register
"Equal Right* nnd Kqnal taws!"
CLARKSBURG .WEDNESDAY, DEC. 10, lf-51
Wanted.
At this office, an intelligent, active boy about
15 years old, to learu the printing business. He
must be industrious and steady. To such an one ;
a good opportunity is offered to learn the business,
and none others need apply.
Congress.?Congress met on Monday the 1st
inst., and organized by electing Hon. Linn Boyd,
of Kentucky,Speaker, and J.W. Forney, Esq., the
able editor of the Pennsylvania!!, Clerk.
The President's Messig- was sent in on Tues
day, and will be found in oar columns to-day.?
Its extreme length has crowded out our usual va
riety, and left ns scarcely room for any thing else.
Nothing of importance has aa yet transpired in
! Congress. We intend keeping oar readers in
formed of all transactions of general interest which
may occur during the session.
????? /
Piety commands esteem.
Election Return*.
We giro below, the complete retarns from this
county, and the reported returns from those ad
jacent. Whig* In Halle.
governor.
Johnaon, 423
Summers, 322
ueut. cot;
Leake, 38S
Watt., 336
ATT'*, oo.
Bococh, 396
Baxter, 33^i
Bassel, 537
Kincheloo, l l'J
133 151 172
114 54 34
26 695
64 386
Johnaon'* majority, 307
127 134 172 27 848
105 52 33 63 509
Loake's majority, 259
127 136 170 28 857
33 CI 579
DELXOATEl.
Levis,
Moon,
Vnncc,
Hoiden,
330
459
381
204
105
Gl
175
210
109
30
120
43
Bocock'a majority, 278
131 185 71 985
50 15 13 402
Bomb's majority, 583
127
71
27
170
1?3
38
153
43
81
74
11
13
400
951
751
C07
550
ma
Johnaon Is reported to havo received
jority In Marion county. Kldwell and Arncttare
elected Delegate*. J. S. Woit, Dem., is reported
to have been elected to the Senate, over Martin
Dom.
Johnson's reported majority in Upshur Is 23.
Summers is said to hare a majority of 4G in
Taylor county. Burdett, \Y hig is elected Delegate
in Taylor, over Johnson by about 115 majority.
Lewis Cotott.?A friend linm sent us the fitll
vote of Lewis county, by which wo learn that
Johnson has 212, Leake 213 and Bocock 221 ma
jority. Lort-nti, Wliig, 231 majority for Senate,
and J. M. Bennett, Dom., 580 maj. for Delegate.
The Srccciira on Monday.?The morning of
the day of election was devoted by Iho different
candidates to defining their positions in public
speeches. We did not hear them, but understand
llmt they acquitted themselves very well. We
I are Informed that Mr. A. S. Holdm, a candidate
for Delegate, during his remarks, took us to task
for not anuounclng him as a candidate in the Re
gister. Wc aro surprised at this* inasmuch os
neither he nor any of his frieuds uuthorlrod us to
do so, which is the Invariable custom. It m?y
be that Mr. Ilolden wns ignorant of this usage,
if so, we advise him to Inform himself iu future
before making himself ridiculous. Hn is freely
forgiven by us, us the vote he received shows the
estimation In which he is held, and his powers
to do us harm.
Gau. Samuel Watts, the Whig candidate for
Lieutenant Governor, visited our place on Thurs
day I 1st and made a sprweh, iu which he said that ,
the Whig party had thrown aside the old party I
issue;:, and that there was now little difference of j
opinion In regard to them, between Iho Whigs {
and Democrats. He, boivi'ver. deelored his own
feelings to bo as Urongly iu favor of the old dis
carded mejsures, n? ever. lie claimed for the
Whig porty exclusive friendship for the Union?
the now rallying cry of Iho party. This was
very odvisible, considering Iho fact that ill every
election held in tho free states this fall, the Whig
havo coalesced which tho nbolitiJiiists, and have
tn'ltf'rally bc-en bealon.
Mr. Watts was replied toby John S.Carlile, Esq.,
who clearly exposed tho hypocrisy of tho no-par
ty professions of tha Whigs, mid succoasfully re
futed their pretensions to lie the CNpocial guardi
ans of the Union. It Is tho general opinion thut
Mr. Watts cameolT second best in the encounter.
SrcciAi. Court.?A Bpeeial term of tho Circuit
Court of Marion county, will commence on the
Sth of January next, at which Judge Fry will pre
side. Parties litigant in that Court can prepare
for trial.
Dsatii or IJenj. Uray Wilson.?We copy be
low from the Lexington ( Mo.) Chronicle, of the
Sth ult., nn article on the death of Bcnj. Bray
Wilson, formerly of this place. Ho was hurled
?n the ith ult. Ills death was caused, we bcliove,
by eating custard into which <'roton oil had been
put, in mistake for oil of cinnamon.
" Most deeply do we regret the palntul duty
which is devolved upon us, of recording the death )
of our esteemed young friend, Benjamin Dray '
Wilson. He breathed his last, in this place, on
Thursday evening, after a lingoring illness of se
veral weeks. During the short time wo have been
a resident of Lexington, there have boon few with
whom our associations wore more intimate, or for
whom our friendly attachments have been stron
ger. His many sterling and manly virtues had
drawn around him a list of friends that few of his
age could boast; and while his death will fall i
most heavily upon his parents and kindred, yet
numbers of others will mingle the tear-drop of i
sorrow with theirs, as they contemplate the un
timely fate of their friend; and long, long uftor
the first burst of grief shall have passed away, in .
the hidden recesses of many a heart, will bo cl?
rished the' memory of his virtues. In the very i
prime of his youth, with prospects of a bright fti- 1
lure before him, either in his professional enroer
or in the preferment of his friends, with talents j
and intogiity which would ha-.o sustained with
honor in any position, he is cut off, and the dark, j
gloomy mantle of death enshrouds them all! Oh,
Death! relentless Death! can no plea avert thy
fatal shaft t Must auction's bleeding chord*, the
pride of manhood and its glowing hoj.es, the no
Meet virtues of our race, the heart-warm prayers
and tears of loved ones, that hang like holy in
cense round the throne of God,?must all these
be plead in vain i A'lta, yes
" ' Leaves have their time to fall,
And flowers to wither at the north wind's breath,
And stars to set?but thou host all.
All seasons for thine own. Oh. Death!' "
THE MAILS.
The Eastekx Mail arrives at Clarkshnrg on
Sundays. Wednesdavs and Fridays, at 6 o'clock.
I'. M . and departs. TucJays, Thursday* Mid Sat
urdays at 5 o clock. A M.
The Wirrtns Mail arrivacn Mondays. Thurs
days and Saturdavs, at * o'clock A. M.. and de
parts. Sundays, Wednesdays and Fridays, at .
o'clock. P. M*. _ I
The I' viostomi Mail arrives daily atlo'clock,'
P. M.. Mondays excepted, and depart* daily at if
o'clock, A. M.?, Sunday*, eiceptad. !
The Westo* Mail arrives on Mondays, Wed
nesday* and Fridavs, at 4 o'clock. P. >1., ond de
parU.'Tue^lays, Thursday* tutf Saturday*, at 10
o'clock. A. M.
The BrcKHA>vo> Majl arrive* on Tuesday of
each week, at ? o'clock, P. M . and depart* on
Wednesday at ? o'clock, A. M.
The Biveblt Mail arrives on Monday of each
week, at 4 o'clock, P. M.. and depart* on Fridays
at 7 o'clock, A.M.
The Suimnston Mail arrives on Saturday of each
week, at 11 o'clock. A. M.. and depart* at IS
o'clock. M., of same day.
t^r- The post OCR e i* open from 8 o'clock A.
M., till 9 o'clock, P. M., every day except Sunday,
when it is open from > to lo o'clock. A. M., and
one hour after th* arrival of ea.h mail.
E. BKl'EN, P. M.
THE MARKETS.
[cOMtSCTSD VIIIIT TO? TH*
Baitucu. Dec. t, 1W1.
Bur Cattle.?The offerings at the on
Monday, reached *00 head. <30 of whlcbwere
I driven to PkllmdslphU, and the bala
at pricea ranging tenatXM to M. 3 100 ft*,
on the hoof, oqtal UttS&TJP ??*. awofjng
**H6<it^Ws qooM at tan S* to *,46.
siSTI.' ass
Cor*, <-tVt Psad.
DO.KWlSC
/"CARLES uu ? ? i *. i m ?*_ :
public that ho ba* re-opeu.<!
the room nearly opposite llir WDcrao
log office, third door obore Barnes' Drt?& Store,
where ho haa inat received hi* Hew sttppl> ol
Winter Goods, ?o which ho InviU* the atten
tion of hla former frkirfi and customers and the
public generally. Hi* *tofck constat*, In .part, of
the following: .
Prints from 3 to <4?enta*
Cashmeres, Alpaccas, DeLalnca, very cheap
Woollen and Cashmcro Sliftwls.
Black 811k, I.adtca' Flannel Shirt*.
Black French Twilled and fancy colored Cloth*.
JSatln, fancy colored 811k and other Vesting*.
Men'a Flannell Shtrta and Drawer*.
Cottort Yarn, Brown A BlraeluMICMtonsA. rtrtlllns"
A large assortment of BOOTO and SHOES.
Fine Cloth, Plush and Glared Caps.
A variety of Slik, Moleskin, Ancoftf and Wool
HATS, very low. With tho usual oMOTlment of
Gaocnusa, Hsaint-a*K, QDCCNtwan, Davos and
Medicines, Books, StatIoxcht, &e., &c<
He Invites the public to examine his stack
which will be found as low as any it^the coun
try.
All kltuia of produce taken in Mchange for
roods.
N. B.?Thostf Indebted to him wfl( please call
and If possible p*y ltUu?by so doing they wilt
confer a lasting furor.
December 3, 1W1?ly.
IN'. W. Vn. Railroad Co.
AN Instalment ef Three Dollars on each share
ot the stock of this company, is required to
bo paid to the Treasurer, at their office In Pnrkers
burg, on or before the 1 Oth day of December nest.
Stockholder* residing in or near Lewia county,
may pay their Instalments to Jonathan M. Ben
nett, Esq., and those In or near Harrison county
to Burton Despard, Esq., who will deliver to thmi
the official receipts of the undotslgned, counter
signed by themselves.
Bv order of the Board,
P. G. VAN WINKLE. Treas.
Parkersburg, Nov. 90,1851.?3t
New Clothing Store.
The subscriber hat just opened
at his storo-rooin in Clarksburg,
immediately opposite " Mr fckriif
district," a 'lorgo nnd fashionable
assortment of Rendv-Made Clo
th! ug, which he plodgna himself
to sell at auch iiorjuiuy low pri
ces, that those who call, cannot
fall to go their way rejoicing In
f bargains never before nbtuTui
lis stoi
i-cry descvip
very cheap; Drawers, Flannel nnd Cottou Under
shirts, Cravats, Gloves, vVc., &.e.
Also, a large assortment of Roots, Shoes, Hnts
t]ie possession of bargains never before obtained
In this place. Ills stock consists principally of
Coats of every description, Vests, Vanta, Shirts,
Xa.
if which will bo aold at prices hur?'
ivn to
"If00 .
constantly recelvlug from the cities of Now York
P11
tofore unknown to tho people of Clnrksburg and
tho surrounding country. Always on liana, nnd
and Philadelphia, n new and complete DSKortine'U
of Winter Clothing, to supply the present demand.
Thoso who wish to save rtiolr money,can do ao
by calling upon the subscriber, at hi* store, ou?
door west of the law office of J. 8. Carlisle, Esq.,
formerly occupied bv Col. O. D. Camden.
MYER SONNE HORN.
Clarksburg, Nov. 36, lEil.?3t
,\t"H Fall A. Winter Goods.
Philadelphia. iluliiinoru un.l Pittsburg, my Fall
and Winter Uoodn, of all kinds, to wit:
Clothes Ciwslmeros nnd Satluets, of all color*
mid styles.
I'lne Silk* of *11 colors and style. Also, late
style of tt v.I'.Sn Goods for Ladies Diesse*.
Calicoes from S to l'l eU.. of superiorstvls.
Alpaea*. Muslins, Cashmeres, Ac.
Hath and t^Ars of the latest stylu.
IIoxm.ts ; Silk, Uraid un.l I'uurl.
(iRocBniks ; Superior V. II. Tea, Hlncli do., flu
j>orior Coffee at IS') cts.
Boots & Huoi.s ; a superior stook of all kiudt fur
Lndioe, Gentlemen and Boy*.
yrtr.s? ??b? ; a good assortment.
Cotton V*">' I all No*., Batting, Ao.
Iron ?fe Nails , also, a good lot of Iron and
Nails.
Haiiii wjiki ; a pood assortment.
Also a line assortment of HsnDLrar.
All of wlileh 1 w ill soil Cheap for Cash or coun
try produce.
R. F0WKB8.
Not. 14th. 1661.
Take Notice?Those who hav* standing ac
counts and notes unsettled will please call with
out delay and setttle them, or by the lat ofJau
tiary next, without regard to personal and those
who fsil to settle by that tluie their actonnt*
w ill be trsusforred to meet mv debts.
K. FOWKES.
Nov. 19th, ISM.
N. B. All kinds of grain will bs received on
debts or for (roods. It. F.
,\cw Hup|>1> of Wry
'Pllli boat baTgalna can be hnd at R. Dnepard,
JL jr'e. new eatabllahinent; whohaa juet rocelv
??(I a very Urge and general ntaorlment of gooda,
fine, good tiia clicMi, which |m offen to aell oii
l>fr<niln|; terina for (>*h, Produce, or lo prompt
dealera on time. lila aim-It conalata In part of
Cloth*, Caitlmtri, TirrrtU, SatinetU, Heady mad*
Clothing, routiiting of Fint elm* and Otrr C0.1I1,
I'ttti, I'antt, 8kiru, Ac., SiUtl, Alpatnt, Df
taint, 4*cm Collcara, of every kind, nnd quality,
Shawl*, brown, oud bleached Cotton*, Drilling*,
Flannels, IJnttyt, and n thouaandand one other
urlkloa in the dry gooila lino. Ilia (lock olio
comnrlaea Orocerlee, Queciuwarn, Hardware,
Huddlnry, Uuuka And Stationary, Hoola and Hhoea,
Hula, Capa nnd Bontiela. In abort, ha baa ate
rythiug kept In A country aloro. lie cauDot toll
ynn nil, but come and eee for yonraelvea, and yo*
will cry with tli? Qneeti of Shaba, (who whilom
did vlalt Solomon) tbat tha half run not !>?*?
told you. He will alaoglve you a practleaj de
monatratloii of nnotber fact, atafed In aaerod wilt,
which in, that old thlnga are done away, and
nil thlnga hnve become new.
Clurkaburg, Not. IQtli, lHM-tf.
TO THE Pi;BMC J '
WndpSaaof
friondf and promptne-ui of a portion of mycue
toniura, I have been enabled lo aiiliaUMta rny
Toola, Miv hninery. Blork, Which wera de
(troyod by lira on tho 27th of May, ]aat. My Ma
chinery ianow new, of tba vert liTtw mrion*
m>'i, ami not inferior to any in oaf. With theae
faellitlea I ran manufacture TIN, W)FPEB,
fiHEKT-JKOK and HKAM WARE lower than
hua ever been done in tba Weak All klnda of
JOB-WORK wiU l>a done vary promptly and
at greatly reduced prkea. Ilotaa-Hrorn** of
overy kind at tha ahoerteet notloe?tha common
?Uc of wliich will be made at eta. per tooU?
In ahort I will afty that Mo*i.r ran an aa\bE it
DLALirio wrra uc; and tbat fa^t can be eaiabUah
od by trying me owe*, and If aatiofWrtiin
ia not given, I will not aak a return. Thlaia
no huiubiiggcrv I will no what J oat.
I hereby tender my thunka f. thla people for
their Ion? and liberal en" uragetnent, a?d am un
der many obliiraiione to tboMofmy cuaUtaara
who have ao ravMCTLT entiled tbolr tlalina aii.ui
the fire. And ft? I ye' ffroufly need money, would
re^ueet all tbora knowing tneiaaclvee doe mn V>
make payment at tbeir a * k 1.1 tar cvnvauienr*.
Tliia ?ill more effectually enable uie to ovry out
mr oetirmihatio* 10 ?ri.i, low for prompt pay.
1 have removed my Shop fr.m lite Coart-Jli/aaa
yard, to the north uud of Llaapard'a bl
the croaa-ntreet V.-adin# from liarMott
Kinetxdoe'a orrntr ; where I will be glad loaee tha
rrorL?. 1 however will, between tbla aa<earing,
)m> upon the old fT'rjud opj oaiu U?t C
OarViVrarjr, Not. 12, 1*51,?ly
H
0. Tr
ey
lulernational Magazine
,F LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND ART.
1 Til la " 1'arageo of flie MonthTlae," Comprl
are the apirit of tba Enrltah Rnflewl and Joor
nala; tranaUtiona from the Kranch, German, iic-1
tha moat popular Heftil Komancea and Take; no
tlceaof tU? principal evartla In Lltoratutc and Art;
the general h'iatory of ewh month; obttuerlea af
em loan t peraona; fineat pnnru of naw worka,
&o. Each number eontalna T4-1 c+tavo pogea. In
doultle columna, Kith fin< ly engraved Portraite of
I pabtir rbsractxra, llluairationa of avenla, die., and
carefully prepared notice of foalilona. Tha three
epkndid volnnwe preaeutodin a ringle year, will
contain la tbfe agrragato 9000 Ian* and admirably
priated ahd embelliahed pagea. The fifth voiuaso
ieanunencca w Ith the Dec^nbar 4ujnber.
Taw?*3 a year, 25 cerita a nntnber. Vol
amea bound In mualin 'comprtalng four monthly
itumbera.) tl i&. Back votomea from tba com
mencement (Aoguat, i860) can aiwayabeauppli
ed. Addrcaa
HTRINGER it T0WN8END,
Not. 96,48M. OB Broadway, Now York.
cTTcXie
A((oruie?
ci