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TOD A Y MARKS THE ?irr. M? i . - i Germany's Declaration of War against Russia Made Ju?t f' One Year Ago. , The second year of the European war opens today. On August 1. 1914, Germany declared war against Rus sia and the last chance vanished of localizing the ALiBtro-Serblan war, de clared three days previously by Aus tria Hungary All the great powers of Europe were Urawn into a struggle the like of which history baB not heretofore re corded. Eleven nations are at war and 'almost all lands are affected, di rectly or indirectly. Millions of men have been killed, wounded or carried to captivity in hostile countries. Bil lions of dollars "have been expended. Thousands of square miles of terri tory have been devastated and hun dreds of cities and towns laid waste. Half the world is in mourning for the dead. And although the war has been 'tn progress with unexampled fury iur ' a year, the result may be summar ized in one brief sentence: No de cisive results have been achieved and the end is not ib sight. So Signs of Pace. Determination to pursue the war to 'a decisive ending has been expressed by high officials of all the belligerent nations, preparations are being made for next winter's campaign, and, in j fact, indications from Europe are that it is more likely to Increase In size rather than decrease. It is still an open question whether 'Bulgaria. Rumania or Greece will be drawn in. In view of the immensity of the struggle, previous standards count for Uttl.e in considering the price the world is paying. The figures involved are So vast as to convey little mean^ lng. The nations at -war have poured out their treasures of men and gold without limit. The usual standards of life have been subordinated or dis regarded, and in some cases social, industrial and political activities have been virtually reorganized on a mil itaristic basis, to make all contribute to the supreme necessities of war. It Is impossible to obtain accurate sMtistlcs of the number of men en grged, the casualties and the cost. Ftor obvious reasons the size of the various armies is kept secret. Most of the nations do not consider it ex pedient to reveal the number of cas ualties; in fact. Great Britain is the only one which has given out official totals. As to the money expended, there are available only partial sta tistics. More than half the population of the -world lives in the countries at war.. The population of the warring countries is estimated roughly at 947,<X>0,0G2, and of the countries at peace at 797,000.000. The population of the entente nations is perhaps five times as great as that of their oppon ents, The number of men under arms has been estimated variously, usually in the neighborhood of 20, 000,000. William Michaelis, writing recently in a Berlin magazine put the number of soldiers at war at 21,770, 000; for the allies 12,3^0,000 for Ger many, Austria-Hungary' and Turkey 8,930.000. Great Loss of Life. No previous war lias approached tne present one In wholesale destruction of life. This is due not only to the number of men involved, but to the terrible efficiency of modern weap ons. Trench warfare on a great scale, with its deadly charges, min ing operations and extensive use of artillery and hand grenades, has con tributed to this end. Whereas in the part H has been calculated that the proportion of killed to total casual ties runs 1 to S or 1- to J.O, the pro portion in trench warfare, as indi cated by official British statistics, is about 1 to 5. The battles on the plains of Flan ders, on the Warsaw front, in the Austro-German advance through uu llfcla and in the Carpathians were at tended by frightful slaughter. Rus sian losses in the arpathians alone were estimated unofficially at 500,000. Along the battlefields from Arras, in northwestern Prance, to the Belgian coast whole fields have been covered with corpses, and at the time of the German attempt to reach the English channel the Yser canal was choked with the dead. According to official British statistics, the British army alone lias been losing of late, in killed and wounded and missing 2,000 a day. On June 9 Premier Asquith announced that British casualties, since the be ginning of the war (excluding naval losses of 13,549 up to May 31) amount ed to 258,069, of which the total of killed waw 60,542. The losses of Germany, France and Russia, by reason of their larger ar mies, have been far greater. The Hecr und Polltlk of Berlin early in June estimated that more than 6,000. 000 soldiers of the countries at war ?with Germany and her allies have been killed, wounded or captured. Hallatre. Belloc, the English military writer, said Germany's potential man hood for actual fighting probably bad diminished from all causes by nearly one-half in the first year of the war, afid asserted a conservative estimate was .that Germany had jnuch nearer 4,000.000 than 3,000,000 men perma nently out of the field. Estimates of the total casualties run from 6,000.000 to 8,000,000 with the former figure probably conservative. Great Cost. The cost In money runs to a sim ilarly huge total. Great Britain is now spending about $15,000,000 a day on the war, according to Premier As quith. Albert tfetln. general budget reporter of the French chamber of deputies, calculates the war Is cost ing France $10,000 a minute, or $1-4. 400,000 a day. William Michaclls re cently estimated the daily cost to Germany at* $8,200,000. saying forty days of this war cost as much as th.e ?wfcole Franco-Prussian war of 187<W-1. In March Dr. Karl Helfferieb. secre tary of the imperial treasury of Ger many, said the war was costing all belligerents $375,000,000 a week. - . On the basis of Dr. Helfferich's es timate, the first year of the war cost the stupendous sum of $11,590,000,000. xMr. Michaelis puts the figure at fifteen billions of dollars, not including Italy's expenditures; a sum more than flrty per cent greater than the gold production of the world during the last 600 years. Other estimates run still higher to twenty billion dollars or more. In addition to the money expended dlrectfy on the war, the loss in de struction of property on land and sea has run high into the millions. Great losses are being occasioned by the cessation or curtailment of many forms of productive industry. The energies of the world have been large ly diverted to making war. Factor ies of all sorts have been turned over to the making of war munitions, men taken from mill and field, to be re placed by women, old men and chil dren. Economists assert that for gen erations to come the world will feel the effect of the huge losses, in the burden of taxation and otherwise, and sociologists make conflicting predic i tions as to its moral, physical and psychological effect on generations living and to come. Neutrals Affected. Neutrals as well as belligerents j have been affected. The financial I stringency which followed the out break of war was world wide. The United States, in common with other i neutrals has been confronted with the threatened abridgement of its rights, particularly at sea. and has sent notes of remonstrance to England and Ger many, the complications with the lat ter country following the sinking of the Liusltania giving especial concern. The war has been attended with many unexpected features, one of which is its protraction. It had been believed that such a struggle would bo or comparatively short duration, on account of the cost and loss of life it would entail. At the outset It was commonly said that within less than a year the nations involved would be compelled to seek peace through financial exhaustion, if for no other reason. W/hile each side has won iis victories, no final results have been reached in any of the cam paigns, with a few minor exceptions, of the lesser operations in distant colonies. Over the greater part of the Franco-Belgian front the oppos ing millions are facing each other in the same positions as last September. Movements on the eastern front hav? been wider, but with no signs of an approaching deoislon. The German plan is generally^ as sumed to have been t/> deal first with France, in the early weeks of the war before the Russian army, slower to mobilize, was able to present a ser ious menace;^ and then to iurn on Russia. The fierce resistance of Bel gium and the unexpectedly quick mo bilization of both the French and Rus sian armies prevented the full fruit ion of this plan. Nevertheless Ger many has been able to hold her own on both the eastern and western fronts. Separate Wars. In reality the struggle of the elev en nations is divided into a number of ^separate wars, related to each other in only a general way. The whole field of military operations may be summarized as follows: In France and Belgium, Germany is battling wifu^Great Britain, France and Belgium. In August. Germany in vaded Belgium and France, pushing southward almost to the gates or Paris. Following the battle of the Marne. perhaps the most important contest of the war thus far, the Ger mans were compelled to retreat and have since held an entrenched line from the Belgium coast to Alsace, re taining possession of northwestern France and most of Belgium. In this theater the war has been so even that the capturo ox a group of houses of a ; few yards of trenches has been con I sldered a victory worthy of mention in the official reports. The German attempt to break through to the Eng lish channel: the British victory at Neuve Chapelle. the German triumph at Soissons, while calling forth su I prime efforts, did not materially i change the relative positions of the antagonists along the front of nearly 300 miles. On the eastern front Russia faces German and Austria Hungary. Rus sian armies invaded Galicia and Buko wina. capturing moat of the former province, but lost the greater part of this territory as a result of Field Marshal von Mackensen's great drive from Cracow. The Germans Invaded Russian Poland, and their attempts to capture Warsaw led to some of the deadliest fighting of the war. In time the struggle here settled down to trench warfare, much as In the west, with Germany retaining a largo part of Russian Poland. Russian invas ions of East Prussia resulted in dis astrous defeats. Further north, the [Germans swept into the Baltic prov inces of Russia, capturing Libau, on ithe sea. The unprecedented extension | of buttle lines which this war has witnessed reached its most remark able exemplification in this campaign, In which the front has been drawn ; out more than 600 miles, from the Baltic to Bukowina. Italian Campaign. Italy, after ten months of uncer \ talnty, began war with Austria Hun i gary, in May. and has occupied a ; fringe of Austrian territory in the j mountainous region to the north. Trl est and Trent are the objectives of the j Italian campaigm. Owing to the dlf-, flcult nature of the ground neither of 'he antagonists has made much head way. i Only the Gallipol! peninsula in the, Dardanelles and In the Bosphorus, j Turkey, aided by her Teutonic allies,' is at war with France, Great Britain and Russia with possession of Con ; stantlnople as the great stake. Fol ! lowing the failure of the naval as sault on the Dardanelles by an Anglo | French fleet, troops were landed on i i the peninsula. Few details of this campaign are available, and little Is known beyond the fact that the fight- ] lng has been particularly severe. ?end that the allies have occuplcd and re tained the tip of the peninsula. Serbia and Mon?enegro, the former assisted by British troops, arc at war j with Austria Hungary. The Austrian Invasion of Serbia ended in failure, j On the 'Montenegrin front there has j I been only desultory fighting. Both j \ Serbia and Montenegro have recently invaded Albania, with the object of obtaining ports on the sea. On Asiatic,soil .Russia is at war with Turkey in the Slack Sea region. Neither side has employed large num bers of troops in this campaign. There has been lighting in the Caucasus and Persia,, with no . great accomplish ments. Further south, in Mesopotamia, there has been sporadic fighting be tween Turkish and British troops. Turkey sent an army to attack ttie Suez canal, but the main body of troops failed to reach Its objective. In Africa French and British troops occupied Togoland and part of tho Kamerun, German possession. A Brit ish attack on German East Africa was defeated. The insular possessions of Germany in the Pacific were captured by Great Britain and Japan. Tsing-tau, the German fortress In China, was captured by the Japanese, aided by a British contingent. >"o Great Sea Battles. On the seas there have been no great battles. Great Britain's suprem acy. owing to the overwhelming slza of her fleet, has not been disputed to the ultimate issue, the main German fleet having remained in home -wat ers. Two German cruisers which were in the Meditteranean when war be gan went to tbe Dardanelles, and were acquired by Turkey. A few German cruisers and converted mer-1 chantmen, including the famous Em den, and the Karlsruhe. Kronprinz Wilhelm and Prinz Eltel Frederich, [raided shipping of the allies for a time, but were eventually sunk or forced to intern in neutral ports. The Austro Hungarian fleet has remained in the Adriatic and the Turkish fleet has been kept from the Aegean. Ger many's merchant marine has been swept from the seas. i There have been#several naval bat- ( ties of importance, however. In the' first month, of the war Rear Admiral Beatty's Hcuuadron dashed into Helgo land Bight, near the great German naval station, and sank three Ger man cruisers and two torpedo boat de stroyers. In January occurred a bat tle in tlie North sea between British warships and a German squadron which presumably was attempting a raid on the English co&st. In this battle (he German cruiser Bluecher was sunk. English Coast Attacked. The German Far East squadron de feated Vice Admiral Cradock's Brit ish squadron of the Chilean coast on November 1, sinking the Good Hope and Monmouth. The British obtain ed their revenge in December when, off the Falkland islands, a powerful British squadron defeated the Ger mans, sinking the Scharnhorst, Leip zig. Gneisenau and Nuernberg. German squadrons have twice at tacked the English coast, causing some loss of life and damage to prop erty. English towns including Lon don have also been attacked by Ger man aircraft, which have made sev eral successful trips across the North sea, raiding points on the east coast. (Methods of fighting have been al tered radically in consequence of the lessons learned in the first year of the ! war. It. has been pre-eminently a! war of machines. The resources af- i forded by modern scientific develop- ( ment have been taxed to devise new I instruments of death and destruction more potent than ever had been em ployed. ? It has been also a war of surprises. New problems have aris en, necessitating reconstruction of the theory of war. Plans and meth ods heretofore approved by authori ties on piilitary affairs were discard ed. and the staffs of the various ar- j mies wore compelled to grapple with j situations for which there was no pre- j cedent. 1 The first great surprise or the war was the German forty-two centimeter (sixteen and one-half inch) gun, which hurls for some fifteen miles a shell weighing almost a ton. The great fortifications which were the pride of Belgium, and believed to be almost impregnable, were battered into ruins by these guns in a comparatively short time. Two of these guns, sta tioned ten miles from Antwerp, wrecked Its elaborate defense works. Liege and Xamur fell similarly. The use of artillery and machine guns, In fact, has been one of the principal features of the war. Great execution was done by the new ICrupp eleven inch howitzer, weighing nearly forty tons, with a six mile radius. The Austrian twelve inch howitzer also lias proved exceptionally effic ient. The French seventy-five milli meter gun is regarded as one of the most effective field pieces. Artillery Very Effective On all the European battlefields ar tillery has be<y the main reliance of the various irmies. Trenches bristle with machine guns, which military men say, bid fair to relegate the rifle to a secondary place. It was with ar tillery that the Austro-German forces blasted their way across Galicia a few weeks ago, making what was said to be the greatest concentration | of heavy and light field pieces ever seen. "With artillery the British won at Xeuve Chapelle. the Germans at Soissons. Every considerable move ment of infantry is preceded by a heavy artillery bombardment, and fre quently the infantry has little more to do than occupy the positions of the enemy made untenable by artillery fire. ^ The deadliness of Oiachine guns ne cessitated racou^se to trenches, for no troops In exposed positions could live within range of the rapid flrers. | Consequently trench warfare has de ; veloped to an extent never before ' seen. Whole armies moved into un derground quarters, with elaborate labyrinths of passages and subterra nean living and sleeping quarters. The result of machine warfare was : the use of ammunition on a scale for ; which the world was unprepared. England recognized It had her great est problem, and made David Lloyd George minister of munitions, with power to mobilize the nation's -workers for the production of war munition? on * colossal scale. Prance took slm , Mar measures. Italy, which had ten [months to prepare for war. found it I neecssary after two months of flght We offer a discount of 10 per ceht on all scholarships purchased before August 20th, 1915. If you -wish you may purchase yo,ur scholarship now and use same at a fu ture date. This will be your last oj- portunity topurcha a scholarship in the West Virginia Business College it this extremely low rate. Complete information will be gladly furnished. Write or phone. REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD ATTEND THE WEST VIRGINIA BUSINESS COLLEGE. . Largest business college in West Virginia. " Largest faculty of teachers?both ladies and gentle men. . " \ Places-more graduates in^positions than any similar school in the state. Teaches Gregg Shorthand, 20th Century Bookkeep in, Rational Typewriting. ? Uses all standard typewriters, including Underwood, Remington, Monarch, L. C. Smith. - In addition to regular courses teaches Advertising and Salesmanship. ^^^^Best^fjuigged^chooH^West^Vixginia^^^^^^^ J. B. CATLETT, President, Clarksburg, W. Va. Without cost send me catalog and complete informa tion regarding your school. Name Address Town OUR NEW 5 STORY BUILDING WILL BE THE FINEST IN AMERICA. ing to appoint by royal decree a su preme committee to increase .th^ .gru doCtlon of munitions. The battle of Xeuve Chapelle alone is said to have cost the British the expenditure of more powder than the entire Boer war. Cavalry Eclipsed. One result of the development of this form of warfare is tlie eclipse of cavalry as one of the principal arms of tlie service. Cavalry is still used to a small extent on the eastern itont but its employment in Prance vir tually has been abandoned. The cav alrymen have been dismounted and placed in the trenches. Almost as conspicuous j8 the <*? ve'Ujpment of submarine warfare. ;3"he remarkable exploits of submarines have proved tLeir efficiency so thor oughly that already the supremacy of battleships has been challenged. Ger many, compelled to rely cl>iefly on these craft for her marine activities, has gained the greatest success vith them. Their first large achievement was the torpedoing arid sinking by one submarine within an hour of the Brit ish cruisers Cressy, Aboulfir and Hogue in the Xorth sea in September. Since that time hundreds of vessels, warships and merchantmen, have been sent to the bottom, in the xorth gea, the Baltic and the English channel, the Adriatic and at the Dardanelles. .From all causes more than so>0 vessels have been destroyed. England iiac been the greatest sufrerer, by reason of her preponderance of shipping and also on account of the Gentian gov ernment's attempt to blockade that country following the declaration of a war zone around the British isles last ^February. in size, speed and cruising radiu3 the new type of submarines fat- ex ceeds the earlier small vessels, de signed primarily for coast defense. Germany's new submarines are aSj long as a good sized cruiser. Cap tain Otto Hersing took tiie U-Sl about 4,(WK> miles from Willieimshaven past Gibraltar, through the Mediterra nean and to the Dardanelles, \vhere it torpedoed the .British battleships Tri umph and Majestic, and Proceeded to Constantinople. The voyage from Wilhelmshaven to the Dardanelles re-1 quired one month. War in the Air The aeroplane, almost an unKn0wn quantity at tie beginning ^of the war so far as its military -value ^-as con cerned, has provod its practicability so thoroughly that It must be rated with the submarine and the Heavy gun aa one of the great features of the war. In fact, it has exerted aj dominating influence over land opera-' tlons, and to it3 use perhaps more than any other single factor tnay be ascribed the deadlock month after month in the principal fields of bat tle. It has rendered priceless service in reconnoltering. taking the place of cavalry. It has caused a revision of the tactics and, strategy of war. Aer ial observers, flying over the opposing lines, are able to discover movements of any large 'bodies of troops, render ing that form of strategy hased Dn surprise attacks of quick movements in force impossible. Aeroplane? als<J have been of great value In locating enemy positions^ enabling the artil lery to get the range and flre accur ately on the unseen foe. Dirigible balloons also are employ ed. but to a much less extent, although Germany still is constructing 55eppe 1'ns and has"used them effectively Tof. long distance raids they are general ly regarded as less valuable than the aeroplanes. Automobiles are used t? an ?rior-' mous extent, all private machines be ing requisitioned In some of the coun. tries at war. . In some instances great numbers of automobiles have b?en utilized for rapid transportation 0? troops Their main service, ao*'evor. is in : the handling of 'food impPlies and ammunition. Armored automo biles, armed with _machit>e guns or light field pieces also have be?u util ized. , \ Many new weaoons of w?r have boon tested with, varying degrees 0f ; success. Poisonous gases. Projected 'from tanks In tne trenche*. %re re ported to have enabled tl'elr users to capture oppoing positions in sev eraJ.minor engagements. Steel darts and incendiary bombs dropped from aeroplanes, and new types of band grenades also have been employed, while % in France both sides are said to hive made use of apparatus for spraying burning oil. The political Effects of the waSr, tre meddtius as they ifiuat be. cannot yet' be gauged. The principal' result thus far is the definite rupture of the tra ditional alignment, which divided Eu rope for two years into two alliances with a theoretical balance of power; .CrYeat "Britain, France and "Rusia, forming the triple entente and Ger many. Austria Hungary and Italy, con stituting the triple alliance. How They Lined Up. From-the day Austria Hungary be came involved in serious difficulties with Serbia there wa^ little doubt Germany would support lier ally ..in case Russia adhered to her traditional policy of defending her Slavic kins men in the Bainans. The entrance in the war of France- followed as a nat ural sequence tor ier alliance with Russia and Great Britain joined in af ter Germany's invasion or Belgium. Italy was thus the only one^-of the six nations Concerned in the/two al liances which was not involved-at the outset. Proclaiming - her' neutrality, she utilized the opportunity to seek from Austria the territory to the north of her border which she bas long de sired. Palling to obtain full satisfac tion of her demands she denounced the triple alliance and Joined the al lies. __ The triple entente was thus converted into the quadruple entente, as it is sojnetimes called now. Germany and Austria FIlingarT wert strengthened by the adiiersion of Tur key to the informal alliance with Germany which had sprung up in re cent years and in November, Turkey entered the war. Montenegro took-up arms with the Serbs, and Belgium^ on being invaded, joined the alltes. Japan Great Britain's ally in the East. openJ ed -war on Germany followng Berlin's refusal to surrender Tsing-tau.. There are thus eleven nations now it "war, of which eight form wbat are known as the allies. political Turmoil. Historians are agreed mai tue as sassination of the Austrian archduke. Francis Ferdinand. In. Sarajevo, Bos nia on June 28, 1914 while the immed iate cause ot the war was not the determining influence. Europe had ; tieen on the edge of the precipice for a decade. Perhaps the chief under- ] lying factor was the development or the national idea, demanding that po- j litical divisions should he made to correspond with the territory inhab- j ited by the various peoples of Eu-j rope; that each people, with common! language and customs, should have political independence and a "place in j the sun." The struggle fo attain this end kept Europe in political turmoil. France aspired for Alsace and Lor- j raine, Italy for Trlest and the Tren tino populated largely by Italians; Serbia for Bosnia, Rouroania' for Transylvania and Bessarabia. Aus-! tria Hungary, \vithin whose bpundary Ib & complexity3 of races "wldj vary-' lng claims and aspirations, -was par ticularly menaced by the growth of j this idea, and it was one phase of this agitation?Serbia's desire for Bosnia - ?which brought on the crisis. The same motive br^mglit. In .-.Montegro ! and Italy, and influenced Russia and France to go to war, . ?. The growth of the national idea was attended by the growth of mili tarism as a. mean* for securing these desires. The greatest s^fitMjg armies in /history wore built up, compulsory military service became-.widespread and enormous navies ~*efe construct ed. Bbs*" " .?><{??&??. Out-of it all with .t&e mu'tuU sui^: piclfln engendered, grtw the e&Jiat(o$. whlcTht-kept Suroi>e.':i In few" of^'wari Armed to excess, the. nation a*ait?J( the war which flnaW came. f;. ? v " ? * W. C. MOORMAN Chiropodist - ... WAtBO SOTEL ' "Will be out of {he city Aug ust 1 to 15th. . Reseed, Fertilize and Water Says Federal Department of Agriculture. WASHINGTON,' <July ' SI ?The improvement- ot an old -lawn Is a very much itiorp difficult problem than" establishing A new one. In many cases It i&iimpracUcable to at tempt ttfe Improvement ,:Qt an old, lawn that is 'ii&bad condition, say the specialists of the United States department of agriculture. How ever, it -a, reasonably good turf ob tains, it is Possible ta ib^tter it. ma terially by re-Seeding, fertilizing, an^ watering.' Trh the majority of cases Improvement is desired in th>i spring, since at this season many bare spots are in evidence as the result of the preceding winter. If the areas,to be improved are small, they can be handworked and re seeded with little difficulty. If they are large, it is usually advisable to spade them up, work thoroughly, and seed, as in the case of starting a new lawn. In any event, reseeding should be done early in the spring with a liberal quantity of the mix ture before described. When Grass Thin. When' the stand of grass is thin over the entire lawn or a greater portion of- It, a special seeder equip ped with small discs has been found very satisfactory Tor cutting the seed into the sod and thereby producing favorable conditions for germination and subsequent growth. In the early spring, however, the soil is usually loose as a result of the freezing and thawing and is in sufficiently open condition to permit the seed to be covered with little difficulty. After seeding, if the" ground has become quite dry, rolling is* usually bene ficial. Care should be taken wh^n mowing or -watering the newly seeded areas to avoid disturbing the young grass. This caution always applies inia measure to fall seeding, although there is not so much dan ger of damage- in the case of the latter. * ?* The management of the lawn after it is once established is an extremely important matter, and there are ? few general practices that should be followed carefully. Beginning in the early spring, the first thing to do Is to remove with a rake the top dress ing that ihas been applied the fall befere. After removing this it is usually advisable to apply some fer tilizer, even though the soil is al ready reasonably fertile. Fertilising. One of the very best fertilizers for the lawn In the spring is nitrate of soda, but on account of its* quick ac tion and its caustic effect, extreme caution should be used in its appli cation. -Five pounds of nitrate or soda are sufficient for 1.000 square feet ot lawn, and if applied in 60ln tion with the wat&lOC; pot and the grass' then thoroughly* Watered with a hose, there is little danger of scald ing. Bone meal is probably the best commercial fertilizer #to use on a lawn, considering" the danger from the misuse of nitrate of soda. Bone meal can .be JMfd- withonf taking any special caption in i ts-a.ppl 1(=*tion? ** used should be applied ln used to,advantage ever? month dur ing the growing season, fine haps. Jnly and August. FertHizlng through the aeasonj la especially beneficial in keeping the grass stimu lated at times wh?n it would other wise be more or less Inactive,' Pul verized limestone an'a top dressing is very helpful, and an application of this substance can be made either in the fall, winter or spring. Linie corrects the acidity of the surface soil and is useful In cheeking the growth of moss and various other plants that are detrimental to th* grass. LOSES WEIGHT To the Extent of Forty Pounds and Gives a Party in > ? Celebration. ?j GLiEN'DALiE. Cal., July 31'?In honor of her .birthday anniversary and be cause she had succeeded in losing forty pounds as the result of a strict diet system Mrs. Mattie Wood served a dinner to seventy-live of her friends recently the dinner being arranged on the scale of calories. v Each gue3t drew a number corres ponding to a certain dWh on the table. Each dish measured exactly 100 calories. Conseaugntly, some if guests drew half a dozen beans, some a diminutive piece of pie, others a huge tray of Jettuce. The meal wa? a replica of those which Mrs. Wood was allowed when on her diet, and is absolutely guar anteed to take off superfluous avoir dupois. Some of the guetts were seen hurrying around..to restaurants <an? Ice cream parlors when the party broke up and all adzolt that they lost weight. : *' I Used for Gun Stocks and Kan sas Forests May Soon Be Depleted. LEAVE.VWORTH. Kan.. July ?U? If the European war keeps up muck longer all the walnut trees In Leaven worth county and tills part of KanSat will be cut down. Three gangs of men are at wobk In ;thlB lection cat ting and sawing the- trees and ship ping the timber to the Bast. "5 \ The walnut timber is wanted tor' gun stocks and a big price is paid tor it. It is all sawed lnt6 short length* and rushed to the gun manutacturan in the East by fast Jreight. A Kansas City firm Is buying the walnut trses and getting out the lumber. All tree< six inches in diameter are <afcen. Those selling the trees' have not been told for which. country they are bp" ing purchased. One manufacturing company in ffe* East is reported to have received an ordet'Tor 1,000,000 rlttes to be shipped to the allies as soon as possible. Th^se guns require a stock of hlack walnut, the wood that is fohnd to be nttpt ! suitable for the purpose. This addi tional demand coming Just at a time when black walnut is coming into ft ror again for furnltin'e and for Inter ior finish is likely ttrsend the pries to unexampled heights. Itinera-.* log buyers are likely to be along at alrqps-t'any time now picking out black walafrt for'Shipment to the mills. . Nowand then" a grove*of flm tree* is fo"?vd to be worth almost as much as the farm.'unless the buyers take advantage of the land owner's Ignorance. It is not improtM&le that other woods, will be substituted for walnut before the war' 1s -over, but for the present the specifications al most invariably call tor this mater ial.