The Sunday telegram. [volume], August 01, 1915, Image 31

About The Sunday telegram. [volume] (Clarksburg, W. Va.) 1914-1927

Image provided by: West Virginia University

                
What You Can Do
for CHILDREN Who
STUTTER and the
DANGER of DEL AY
By DR. LEONARD KEENE HIRSHBERG
A. B.. M. A., M. D. (Johns Hopkins University)
A CHILD usually begins to stut- trouble Is not noticed either by tho
ter at about the age of 4 suardian or the others In the house.
. The child of coursa Is entirely un
or 6 years. The alert parent. con5clou. of the unusual chopped-u?
grandparent or nurse at this delicate and jerky consonants.
time roust guard the pronunciation Often the careless relatives with
and enunciation of each and every their fatalistic notion about "things
syllable that falls from the child's a'way" com* rItht Jn the end'" *ave
their ears attracted sooner or later
tongue. It he hesitates and halts tQ the cH]Idr(l stuttering. Then they
over certain consonants, syllables or labor under the mistaken delusion
words, he must be told calmly and that the boy will "outgrow it."
pleasantly, with neither severity, an- No more harmful doctrine has ever
.. ^ , , been perpetuated than tho one con
ger, or suddenness that he roust think taJnc<J that -tocle -hrase As a
first and then speak slowly. matter of experience, specch troubles
I said "ha" with a clear conscience, nre not outgrown, they become in
because by a curious trick of inheri- grown. If not corrected at first, they
tance, stuttering, like color blindness. go frora bad to worse- So nrmI>r
^ rooted and ingrained into the child's
skips the feminine portion of a family hablts does Btuttering become, that
and flings like potato ivy to the vocal with every hour's growth the chance
muscles of the boys and men. for a cure becomes farther and far
Curiously enough, the origin of a ther removed.
child's staccato speech is clouded In Don't Scold I
mystery. I do not mean to say that Furthermore, be It borne well in
It cannot be traced to some heredlt- mind, that the parent, nurse, attend
ary factor or to some Infantile mal- ant or guardian that scolds or yells
ajy, such as scarlet fever. Perish at a stammering child, might as well
such a tboughtl Reference here is pour a withering acid upon a bloom
made to the first stuttering words, ing flower bed. The sensitive, nerv
Usually the defect appears so inslnu- ous nature of most children makes
atingly that the beginning of the them shrink in fear and excitement
Why SCIENCE Urges EARLY Treatment, and Why SLOW
? ?? i inn i ????
Bfiyjri*H?a>fcjr - .mini... . _
Correction Siaoula be Gentle anu by Methods Not Calculated
to Excite the Child.
from all harsh language. If, then, most any ono who deals cordially
the explosive temperaments that ac- and Intimately with him.
company the stuttering words of Children think so much more com
these children, are touched off by the pletely than their limited vocabufcry
fuse of a quick, sharp reprimand allows them to openly express: they
there need he little expectation of a teem so fully v.-ith scintillating and
cessation of the trouble. On the con- not always vain Imaginings, that they
trary. the very Irritation that the rep- are wont too Impetuously to try to
rimand produces, leaves an Indelible crowd a mass of thoughts and ex
impress on the boy's brain, which Dertence Into a few words and syl
stamps the sputtering firmly Into his lables. This only too often explains
tissues as a fixed habit. their anxious stuttering.
As soon as your attention Is ?*- It Is. therefore, of the utmost lm
tracted to the repetition of letters, portance to have children who are
syllables or words: wMenever you thinkers, who associate with broadly
notice words to be pronounced wrong- experienced elders, and who absorb a
ly. interrupt the child gently and wide number of experiences of their
sweetly and with an Ingratiating own. to learn to speak slowly and de
manner stop him from talking and Uberately without Impetuosity.
calmly show him how to" guard him- . _
self against the dangers of staccato ,,e mu on'
utterance. It is astonishing how wise The Impulsive, voluble boy who
and full of understanding the boy of rushes slap-dash-bang fashion Into
3 or 4 yean really is. He learns very the dining room and tries between
easily tfnd will co-operate with al- gulps of porridge, soup and other
and QUIET Methods Are the Best
t : ~ ?
Humiliation from tae Infirmity of Stammering Increases as
the Victim Grows Older.
victuals to tell you about the day's lessons In recitation and klndergar
<ioinps. Is the very child that must ten songs should bo given,
be cautioned to hold up. to stop a Thouph not common before 8 or <
moment, and to speak very slowly, years of age, thereafter stammering
This Is the boy who must 'learn to and stuttering increases among chll
take a long, deep breath before he dren from Imitation, association and
starts to talk. Have him breathe faulty methods In elementary school
deeply and count ton before he begins teaching.
any little narrative. Perhaps there Is no greater omls
Short periods of "silence" must be slon In the whole pilblic school currl
malntained. especially when he Is In cuium than that which concerns
nn excessively voluble mood. He methods of enunciation and precision
may be taught Mother Goose rhymes of speech in children. Voices hare
and other simple melodies. Little been raised in the wilderness of prl
speeches, stories, and fairy tales told mary education for years, speeches
him only to hear him slowly repeat have been delivered, school boards
them, will help In a measure. Gym- have been besieged, but In vain,
nastic activities in a small way. and Youn* children acquire more bad
habits vt ch >?w I ?? ?* ?!?>
csa grammar, rhetoric. ?r pronun
ciation??t school than the bewt pa-;
rents In the world can counteract <*
neutralise.
D?a|?n u?l Aid*.
Several instances of stammering
have come under my professional ob
servation that were picked up by ???
conscious imitation of an association
with other children la the schoolroom
and playground. 1U? should not he
so; Indeed, some one I* de^enct when
It occurs. You might as Well put a
hungry welt m a sheepfold as to al
low a stammering teacher or ehlM t?
mingle with children in school.
Breathing exercises, singsong meth
ods or learning school lessons, recita
tions tn rhythm or with the whispered
voice at first and the loud voice after
wards are all helpful. Whenever any
signs of trouble present themselves,
three or four deep breaths should be
taken, practice with the troutyeaom*
vowels and consonants should be car
ried out, and single powerful ex
piration should be msde before any
syllable or word Is pronounced.
Every mistake should be at once
slowly and carefully corrected by a
proper repetition. Perseverance In
these exercises, watchfulness and
patience as well as detailed instruc
tion with a pleasant guardian will go
a great way in eradicating the defect.
In young men and adults a hearty co
operation upon their part usually
means a fairly complete curie. After
all. the cure is more a matter of the
Individual himself and those In Inti
mate contact with him, than of doc
tors, drugs or dogmas.
Why It Is IMPORTANT That BREAD Should Be WRAPPED
A CONSIDERABLE amount of dltlon and weight of both wrapped hour after baking?It retains suffl- Another contribution to this sub
recent literature has been de- end unwrapped bread. cleQt heat and moisture to favor the Jcct la by Barnard and Bishop, deal
. . ?. . ? , . ^ . . . growth of organisms, especially when lng with the effect of wrapping
voted to the subject of wrap- For breads whose crusts are to be * ^ paper6 ,s used ?he cru8t of Tlpon the chomlcal composition
ping bread. An elaborate chcm!cal kept dry and firm, such as Vienna joaf as it leaves the oven is of the loaf. It was found that wrap
and bacteriological Investigation of and French breads, porous paper Is practically sterile. ping In either semi-porous waxed or
the subject was reported some time better than waxed paper. Bread The same writers examined a raraffln paper prevents the cscape
ago by Jacobs Leclerc and Mason. reachea the temperature of the room large number of samples of both of moisture and tends to preserve
rrTi a . . ' . . . tibout three hours after baklnsr. and wrapped and unwrapped bread bought the colloidal condition and piiyslco
es nvest ga ors sougnt to ae- tjljg Jg best time to wrap It. In retail stores. Of the unwrapped chemical equilibrium, the destruc
termlne the kind of paper most suit- further delay entails the danger of loaves 62 per cent, showed organ- tlon of which produces stateness,
able for wrapping, the length of time contamination with bacteria and Isms of the B. coif type, as com- The effects of wrapping vary con
after baking that bread should be molds. pared with only 7 per cent, of the slderably for different kinds of
?wrapped, and th* bacteriological con- If wrapped too soon?tay. one wrapped loaves. Lrcad.
SCIENCE'S Newest Theory of How LIFE Really BEGAN
THE origin of life, and tho part
probably played by sunlight In
this process, formed the subject
of a paper by Prof. Benjamin Moore.
F. R. S.. and Mr. Arthur Webster,
presented at the laat meeting of th-s
British Association, Jn which too au
thors reported the results of exten
sive laboratory experiments which
appear to have a bearing on the ques
tion.
They first pointed out that the
whole world of living plants hjm 1 ani
mals. as we know It, depends for Its
continuance upon the synthes'3 of or
ganic compounds from inorganic: by
the green coloring matter of the plant
acting as a transformer of light ener
gy Into chemical energy.
However, chlorophyll, which acts as
tho transformer. Is one of the most
complex of known organic substances,
and therefore represents an advanced
stage of evolution.
Starting from a. purely in irganlc
world, without a trace of organic
matter, what Is the first step In the
production of the latter? asks tiie
Scientific American. The authors find
that when dilute solutions of colloidal
ferrlij hydroxide, or the correspond
ing compound of uranium, ?ro ex
posed to strong sunlight, or the li^ht
of a mercury arc, there are synthe
sized the some organic compounds
that are at present formed as the first
stage in the process of organic syn
thesis by the green plant, viz., for
maldehyde and formic arid.
As a planot cools down, first only
elements would be present, then
binary compounds, and next slmplo
crystalloid salts. Then, by the union
of slnsle molecules into groups of 50
or 60. colloidal aggregates would ap
pear.
As these colloidal agfjregates In
crease In complexity, they also be
come more delicately balanced In
structure, and are metastabie or
labile, i. e., they are easily destroyed
by sudden changes In environment.
but ure peculiarly sensitive to energy
changes, and can take up energy in
one form and transform it to an
other.
These labile colloids take up water
and carbon dioxide, and. under the
action of sunlight. produce the
simplest organic structures. The lat
ter, reacting with themselves and with
nitrogenous inorganic matter, con
tinue to build up more and more com
plex. and more labile, organic col
loids. until ultimately these acQuire
tho property of transforming light
enerpy into chemical energy.
Thus life lias orlgnated. and prob
ably still originates, by the "law of
molecular complexity."
Using "MAGNETIC WAVES" for Treatment
TUB Inventor, Bachelet, who3e war, Is the originator ot a magnetic lines of force, unlike electricity, re
magnetic railroad device made wave generator that Is being widely quire no conductors, cannot be in
such a sensation in England used by physicians. The Invention sulated. but to the contrary, permeate
not long prior to the beginning of the rests on new principles. Magnetic all subatances.
? ? 1
How the Magnetic Lines of Force Travel in the Bachelet Magnetic Wave Generator.
of the BODY
The aJectrlc current, as employed
heretofore, in medical vork, lias been
of very high voltage and low amper
age, tUc human body being use'.! as a
conductor, while the Bachelet Idea
Is to uso magnetic Hnes of force to
set up, by induction, a powerful cir
rent of Tow voltage and high amper
age, which uses the buman organism
as an accumulator.
It Is claimed that In this form the
application of electricity produces
neither shock nor unpleasant sensa
tion. tho magnetic lines of force pass
ing. through the body with an even,
undulating motion, agitating all cells
equally, %and reaching directly any
affected organ, no matter how deeply
seated.
It Is contended that while electric
ity simply passes over a conductor,
whether It bo wire or body, the mag
netic waves are absorbed and irara
formed Into vital energy. It is point
ed out that if disease is accompanied
by or caused by a lowered vitality,
an Increase In vital force gives
greater power of resistance. This
action and the "normalizing" influ
ence of these magnetic waves upon
chemical reactions, circulation and
all physico-chemical functions of the
body, are said to give this Instru
ment a wide range of therapeutic
usefulness. Bachelet himself at one
time lived in Brooklyn, N. Y? where
the laboratories arc now situated.
IFc wi^p regarded as a dreafer and
eccentric, ar.d the furore his inven
tions occasioned In Europe was a
matter of some astonishment to his
old neighbors.
Strange EAGLES That Kill and Eat MONKEYS
- i
BEHOLD an Interesting contrast
In eagles, wherein conscious
pride and power are shown on
the one hand and a baleful melan
choly and dejection on the other.
True, the birds may not feel this
way; but they look it to a very large
degree. The fushlonable one is the
harpy eagle, one of the most powerful
birds of prey; the other la the mon
key-eating eagle of the Philippines.
The harpy Is a native of South
America, and Its odd headdress and
neck feathering makes It resemble
some of the odd designs that fashion
sometimes decrees for tha wear of
women. The hood 1b not at all Inar
tistic, and the decoration on tUe crest
further carries out the semblance to
human mode.
The harpy can fly like a dart, and,
though it cannot be said to be as
dangerous a creature as the harpy
of Greek mythology ? the "snatch
er," the personification of -4hc whirl
winds, according to Homer?It Is.
nevertheless, an aerial terror. It has
enormous strength of pinion and one
may judge what a blow might be de
livered by the claws by studying their
size and the needle-like points. The
harpy Is somewhat longer than tho
golden eagle and halls from South
America. "It looks for all tho world
like a woman," remarked a Now Eng
land sea captain who beheld one for
the fiVst time: and the fact that the
skipper was a conflrmied bachelor
should not affect the value of his im
pression. .
Travellers who have dined on
broiled monkey declare that the dish
Is not unlike chicken In flavor and
fibre. Indeed, there have been some
tropical eplcuros^who have been loud
ly enthusiastic "over simian grille
and simian cn casserole; and yet nat
urally wo have lacked vy testimony
to show how uncooked monkey ap
peals to the palate. And lacking this,
then, we must take the silent testi
mony of the eagle. 'With the bird It
Is probably a necessary but "not *
particularly engaging dleh.
Perhaps if tho eagle had tho bene
fits of modern cooking Its expression
might bo different. "Think of being
condemned to eating raw monkeys
nil of Its llfel" comments the same
skipper. "Xo wonder he Idoks tho
rlcture of woe and Indigestion!"
Bringing the monkey-eater to a
Amazing Masses of STARS
BC studying thu distribution of
stars In the globular masses, E.
Pickering has- deduced, from
observation, the apparent density, i. e.,
the number of stars per unit of sur
face at different distances from the
centre of the mass; he concludcs that
the distribution is the same for bright
stars as for feeble ones, and also that
the law of distribution Is the same
from one mass to another. H
H. von Zelpel has endeavored to de
duce. from the apparent density on
the celestial sphere, the true density
In space, with partially satisfactory
results. The distribution of stars near
the centro xfas represented In a sat
isfactory manner, but the density at
the boundaries is less than that re
quired by the theory.
In a new memoir he arrives at a
novel conclusion. Each of thelse
masses is a gigantic system contain
ing about a million stars; the number
of stars visible on a plate Is not the
hundredth part of the total number.
7^v
The Harpy of South America,
Known as tho "Snatcher,"
One of the Most Powerful '
Birds of Prey.
western zoo offers a little problem
that the naturalists have, however,
happily- overcome. Monkeys are too
vnluablo to furnish as food. and.
besides, g-ood taste would prompt tho
The Monk
Donkey-Eating Eagle of
the Philippines.
authorities to restrain the Phillip la*
pirate from dlntng On Its fellow-ex
hibits. So it is furnished with a re -
past of rabbits. "But." suggests
Newljerry O. Norwood, "this bird
would look equally as miserable if It
were dining on angel oake and wal
nut sundaes."
Cooling DRINKS for SUMMER
COOLING and nonalcoholic
drinks are always In order at
this season of the year, and It is
well, especially it we have a comfort
able porch and a lot of friends, to
have some reliable old recipes from
which to make them.
With distilled water, suear, lemons
and other fruits many are possible
with little trouble, and require only
a few minutes In preparation. Many
housewives-make a syrup of the sugar
and water?not too thick?and keep
it in tho Icebox. It blends with the
fruit Juices quickly and saves time
In the making.
Pineapple Water?Chop fine one blK
pineapple. Four over it one pint of
boiling syrup made of three-quarters
of a pound of sugar, boiled in a pint
ot water. Add to this the strained
juice of one lemon; stir all togotber
and cover. Let stand for two hours,
then strain through a fine sieve and
add a quart of spring water. Put the
pineapple pulp into a cheese-cloth bag
and squeeze it into the drink, so that
nothing is wasted. Serve in glasses
half filled with chopped ice and drop
in one chqrry in each.
Orangeade?Peel three oranges
thinly, putting the peel Into one pint
of syrup made by boiling three-quar
ters ot a pound of sugar in one pint
of water. Squeeze tho Juice at 12
oranges and strain it into a pitcher.
Add the "syrup and three -plats of
?spring water; chill and servo.
Claret Qranito?Make an orange
ade the same as the above recipe, but
add to it a bottle of good French
claret. Put on the Ice until very cold,
or place It in the freezer with salt
and Ice around it, and frappe.
Currant Water?Wash and stem
one pound of ripe currants, and add
to them a half a pound of raspberries
and a half-pint or water. Bruise all
together with a wooden spoon; put
all in a preserving kettle with three
quarters of a pound of sugar. 8tll
over the fire until the mixture Just
about simmers; then filter It through
a fine sieve and add throe gills of the
syrup, made aa above, and IVi pints
of water. Let It cool and settle; then
decant, like wine, for use.
Mint Julep?Peel thinly the find ot
half an orange; put it in a glass with
a little crushed ice and a teaspoon Of
sifted sugar. Strain in the Juice of
the orange; put in two sprays of
mint; fill up the glass with food
whiskey. A dash of glnxer Me may
be added if desired.
Iiaapberry STirub?This Is the way
to make the shrub, which has to be
bottled and kept In a dry, cool plnoe.
A quarter of a glass, with cracked lea
and spring or sparkling water, makes
a delightful drink: Fotir quarts of
red raspberries and one quart Ot vin
egar. Let them stand four da}s, stir
ring occasionally; then strain, and to
each pint of Juice add one pound ot
sugar. Boll 20 minutes, skim, bottle
and seal.
Orange Cup?Pare an orange,
squeeze the Juice of half into a glass
of cracked ice and slice the rest In.
Add a tablespoon of sugar and a few
drops of essenec of cloves and the
Juice of half a lemon. As the Ice
melts the drink Increases.
Tea Punch?Pour one quart of boll-,
lng water over three tablespoons of
Ceylon tea. Steep five minutes, strain,
and while . cooling add four table
spoons of sugar, three slices of lemon,
two cloves and four Maraschino cher
ries. Pour In tall glasses half full ?t
shaved ice and add a dash of Jamaica
rum to each glass.