The San Francisco call. [volume], August 16, 1896, Page 29, Image 29

About The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913

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FRESH MARVELES OF SCIENCE
Possibility TKat a Person's Thoughts May
Yet Be Photographed
Within the few months last past stu
dents of psychic science have been stimu
lated by the startling announcement that
the thoughts of an individual may be ren
dered visible through the mediumshlpof
photography.
Theosophy has always taught that
thoughts afe real, tangible tbines, visible
at all times to the one whose psychic de
velopment was sufficiently advanced.
Now comes the statement that it is not at
ali necessary that one should possess
"mediumistic" ability in order to visually
perceive the thoughts of another; and
that it is but an exceedingly simple matter
to secure a lasting image of the thought.
The announcement comes simulta
neously from France and lowa that
thought impressions have been success
fully photographed. Dr. Baraduc of Paris
has recently presented to th« Academy of
Medicine a statement that he had obtained
photographs of thought impressions; and,
furthermore, thai he had "photographed
a soul." Just what tnfc pictures looked like,
or the mode of their production, is not
stated in the brief newspaper mention of
the event
Dr. Clarke of lowa announces a some
what similar achievement, which, while
not claiming to produce an image of an
actual thought, does present pictures
which are the direct result of brain force
exerted upon a photographic plate. The
Braingraph of an Inventor.
result of Dr. Clarke's experiments, al
though nut so astounding as those alleged
by Dr. Baraduc, are nevertheless more in
teresting, as the means employed are very
simple and are within the reach of many
among the readers of Th« Call. They
are also fuiiy described.
As a matter of fact the subject of
thought photography has received a great
deal of attention among those scientific
men whose tastes led to the investigation
of the psychic side of life. The marvel
ous revelations of the X-ray, startling in
character as they are, pale to insignificance
beside the more marvelous disclosures
that pure science has in store for the com-
ing century. Already a few advanced stu
dents possess the knowledge of discoveries
of tbe most profound And vital impor
tance. Yet, the pnblicity of the informa
tion is withheld because of the opinions
entertained by the discoverers that the
Braingraph of an Eminent Lawyer.
time is not yet come for the presentation
of the matters.
One of the best known men of science,
whose name is of world-wide repute, is the
possessor of a discovery in physics that
would, if it were known, enable a nation
possessing it to lay the balance of the
world under servile tribute. In a conver
sation had last autumn, he said to me:
'I am not yet ready to make public the
results of my forty years of investigation.
No great discovery should be immaturely
Punched upon an unfitted public The
great things in nature rest upon simple
but mighty causes, that demand an intel
ligence immensely above the ordinary to
understand. Unfortunately, the majority
of the people comprising what we term
the 'public' are not only unthinking, they
are positively ignorant, and by their
ignorance totally unfitted to pass upon
matters requiring knowledge. Yet, when
some great truth is placed before these
untboughtfui people, they at once sit in
judgment and rush Into expressions of
opinion. The discoverer of the truth is
consigned to contemptuous obscurity, the
value of the truth is clouded, and its bene
ficent action retarded. The first is not
important, but the second — the retarda
tion of the truth's benefit — is a serious
matter. So I have concluded, wisely or
not, to wait and let the public acquire, lit
tle by little, some fragmentary knowledge,
so that when the discovery l have made
made shall be presented, people may be
able to accept understandingly, and profit
by the disclosure."
I am not prepared to say that he is
wrong.
The combined philosophy and study
culled science is rapidly arriving at the
conclusion that vibration is the universal
law; that every manifestation which our
senses are capable of contacting is a phase
of vibration, the different manifestations
being only differentiated modes of vibra
tory force. Light, sound, heat, cold, mag
netism, electricity are each but different
rates of vibration of the same primal sub
stance that, as yet, is wanting a
name.
As chemistry becomes better understood
the chemist is led to ask: Is there really
more than one element? Is it not the
fact tbat the different so-called "elements"
are but different forms of the sole, primal
element?
As between soul and body, or, if you
choose other terms, spirit and matter,
there is no difference save in vibration.
They are one and the same thing when
you come to the tiaal analysis. The one
is physical, the other psychical. Now if
we can produce a physical expression of
a psychic law we have demonstrated the
identity of the two.
Lay a coin upon the C string of a piano
and then with a violin or other musical
instrument sound the note C. Instantly
the coiu will jump from the piano-string.
Why did it jump? Because the piano
string vibrated. Why did it vibrate? Be
cause the law of sympathy forced it to do
so when you sounded the same musical
note a? the string was tuned to. Place
two metal wire 3 side by side, but carefully
insulated one from the other, and then
causa an electric current to flow over one
wire. Instantly an electric current ap
pears on the other wire. Why? Because
the law of sympathy called the second
current into being. In these two cases we
have a clear illustration of the physical
expression of a psychic law.
We know as yet but very little about
vibration, but enough to warrant the state
ment that it is the universal law. Sound
and light are now recognized as being vi
brations of— something. We are able to
mechanically demonstrate that sound is a
succession of vibrations, the highest sound
appreciable to the human ear being com
posed of 36,850 vibrations per second. The
next highest speed of vibration cognizant
to the senses of man is that of red light,
which is placed at 458 trillions vibrations
per second. There is a gap, a great gap.
between 36,850 and 458 trillions in the same
unit of time. These two manifestations
sound and light — are as yet the only ones
whose rates of vibration are known, but in
the light of the wondrous illumination
shed by scientific research during the past
few years it is not assuming too much to
say that the knowledge of other rates of
Vibration is within our grasp.
But a little while ago it was discovered
that if the brains of two indiviauals were
connected by a metallic conductor under
proper magnetic conditions, then the one
individual would become instantly cogni
zant of the thoughts of the other. The ap
paratus was an arrangement of wires con
nected to metallic bands which clasped
the heads of th 6 parties to the experiment,
a system of electro-magnets being intro
duced in the circuit of the wires. I say,
the one individual would become cogni
zant of the thoughts of the other. In
some cases this was actually so; in nearly
every case the one individual was cogni
zant of the emotions of the other, and it
Braingraph of a Lunatic.
was found that the human brain was
clearly cognizant of the feelings of anirer,
joy or fear excited in a dog^whose cranium
was encircled by one of the metal
bands.
What was the character of the "some
thing" transmitted over the wires? Who
is the savant who ehall demonstrate that
it is not a form of so-called electrical
energy?
Thought photography ia the physical
expression of a psychic law.
Through the kindness of Dr. Clarke, I
am permitted to lay before the readers of
The Call a description of the apparatus
employed by him, and also four photo
graphs, "braingraphs." taken by him,
showing the peculiar lines and figurations
of the brain force of four different in
dividuals. While tbese pictures'are in no
sense thought photosrraphs, they do much
to establish the claim that the terms
Braingraph of a Poetess.
"mind" and "matter" are but distinctions
without a difference.
The apparatus of Dr. Clarke consists of
an induction coil capable of producing an
exceedingly high-tension current. The
wires carrying the induction, or secondary
current, are connected by one terminal to
a metal plate held in position at the base
of the brain, and the other terminal, by
means of branching wires, to three metal
plates placed one over tho center of the
frontal bone and the other two placed on
opposite sides of the forehead, as shown
in the cut. A sensitive photographic plate
is placed between two sheets of silver foil
and inclosed in a plate holder, the wire of
the secondary circuit being led in through
the sides of the plate holder so that its ends
touch the silver foil on each side of the
sensitized plate. The apparatus is ad
justed upon the head of the subject, and
all electrical connections made before the
primary current is turned on. An ex
posure of a few seconds is sufficient. It is
found that all subjects are not good sub
jects. Another peculiarity of tbe process
points to the fact that terrestrial magnet
ism is in some way connected with th<j
phenomenon. The sansitiva plate must
be placed at right angles to the line of ter
restrial magnetic declination at the place
of operation. The experiment succeeds
best during dry weather; the presence of
moisture in the atmosphere exerts a de
terrent influence.
Naturally enough whenever an an
nouncement like that now made is laid
before the public there will be found two
classes of opinion. One will pooh-pooh
tbe matter and dismiss it from considera
tion without investigation, mainly because
of their inability to comprehend that there
THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SUNDAY, AUGUST 16, 1896.
may exist anything not mentioned in
textbooks. The other will withhold judg
ment until the opportunity has been
afforded and availed of to make full and
complete examination of the whole
matter. It is the latter who by their labor
make useful each newly found power of
nature. There is no little diversity of
opinion as to the merits of phrenology.
By some it is held to be an exact science,
by others to be a vagary. By most men of
science it is believed that phrenology
possesses, in a general sense, some truths,
which, while falling far short of all the
claims put forth by the votaries of the
cult, do have some value in assisting the
determination of the general character of
the subject-individual.
The results of Dr. Clarke's investiga
tions seem to establish a fact: that it is
possible to learn by the means herein de
scribed something of helpful value in de
termining the character of a brain. This
is a great step forward on the road to in
tellectual progress. How many children
have been educated to trades and profes
sions for which they have proved unfitted ?
We are all familiar with examples of mis
placed education. The boy is sent to col
lege and large sums of money spent in the
attempt to make of him a lawyer or a
preacher, and the expense has proved
wasted, the labor a failure. It will now be
possible, with the development of the dis
covery made by Dr. Clarke, to ascertain
the natural brain force of the child and its
tendencies, and so be able to develop a
peculiar talent along natural lines; to
assist nature instead of thwarting her.
The braingraph must be of value in crimi
nal jurisprudence, as by its use the idiot
may be infallibly distinguished from the
responsible criminal.
In his letter to me Dr. Clarke states his
hopefulness in being able to produce the
braingraph without the presence of the
conducting wires. He expects to obtain a
braingraph of an individual without that
individual being cognizant of the opera
tion. If he is successful in this we may
look forward to a revolution in our opin
ions of individuals. The candidate for
public office will find that his cerebral
activities and mental predilections have
been infallibly pictured and any obliquity
disclosed. The employer "^vill take the
braingraph of the applicant fora confiden
tial clerkship, and the coming woman will
undoubtedly secure at the earliest moment
a braingraph of the coming man. .
FOOT - PROPELLED WAGON.
This last addition to the possessions of
science is but one of many discoveries
that have been made within the past few
years and which mavk the close of the
century as the richest period in history.
I Never, within so brief a time, has there I
come to the knowledge of the world so
many disclosures of the possibilities of
nature. We are rapidly reaching the
apex of intelligence, and it is possible
that within the liver of those now living
man will be able to determine in advance
the physical and mental status of his
progeny; will be able to huld converse
with his fellows at a distance without the
aid of wires or apparatus; will be able to
see his distant conversationalist, and not
be limited to the little globe we live upon,
but be able to reach out to other members
of the family of the Sun.
F. M. Close, D. Sc
Natural Gas Failure.
The review of natural gas production in
the United States in 1895. made in ths re
port of the United States Geological Sur
vey, just issued, shows its value last year
to have been $13,006,650. as against $13 -
954,400 in 1894. The value of tbe natural
product consumed in 1895 was $7,920,187;
the total of pipe laid was 43,830,241 feetj
and the number of producing wells opened
3326. The most noticeable feature of the
year was the decreasing pressure in all of
the natural gas wells of the country. The
estimated life of the well 3 has also been
greatly reduced. The value of the con
sumption of natural gas in the United
States during the ien years from lSßti to
j 1895 was greatest in 1888, when it was
j $242,129,875. From that time until 1891
the decrease was rapid, and in the past
four years there has been a gradual de
cline.
Experimenting With Car Wheels.
It is known that chilled cast iron wheels,
commonly used for freight cars, are liable
to be cracked from the heating of the
tread when a long-continued application
of the brake occurs, and several accidents
having occurred on heavy grades owing
to wheel failures, an experiment was sug
gested. The wheels to bs tested were
placed horizontally in a mold of sand with
an open space of a half inch or so around
tbe rim. Then molten metal was poured
into this space, heating the rim quite sud
denly, and of three wheels tried one
cracked in forty seconds, a second one in
two minutes, while the third wheel
showed no signs of failure. The latter
wheel was made at the Altoona shops, and
that it stood this test would seem to guar
antee it absolutely from ever giving out
on account of heating by brake friction.
As to the conditions secured in this ex
periment they must be considered to have
APPARATUS FOR MENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY.
been not a reproduction of the conditions
to be investigated but an exaggeration of
one of them. The heating by contact of
molten metal was more sudden than the
heatine by brake friction could be, and in
that respect the exaggeration may have
been preferable rather than otherwise;
while the other conditions which have to
do with the breaking of carwheels in use,
the severe and changing pressures and He
sudden shocks, were entirely absent. Ex
periments such as these, of course, have
their value and are to be encouraged, but
they should not be taken to prove too
much.
Electrolytic Welsbach Mantles.
A new and cheap process for the manu
facture of the incandescent mantles em
ployed in the Welsbach burner has been
patented in Germany. It consists in mix
ing with the nitrates or sulphates of the
earthy metals used the salts of their
bases, thus forming an electrolyte, through
which a current is passed into a skeleton
of fine-woven platinum wire, shaped like
a mantle. On this framework the metals
are electrolytically deposited and subse
quently calcined, after which the plati
num sKeletons are removed. Mantles
made in this manner are claimed to be
stronger than mantles made in the ordi
nary way, and further, the cost of manu
facture according to present methods ia
considerably reduced.
Electric Cloth Pressing.
In pressing woolen fabrics in order to
give them a smooth, fine appearance,
both a uniform pressure and a unitorra
heat are required. By a recently devel
oped system the heating is done electric
ally, the fabric being placed between the
metallic plates through which sufficient
current is passed while under hydraulic
pressure to heat them to slightly more
than the temperature of boiling water.
One dynamo of fifty volts and 700 amperes
will suffice tor five presses having 120 piles
to be heated ; the cost of heating for one
press for a period of half an hour and for
seventy plates is about 21 cents.
Foot-Propellei Wagon.
George G. J. Millar of Columbus, Ohio,
has invented a wagon intended to carry
several people and large loads, but capable
of being propelled by the foot power of
one person.
This end is accomplished by making
use of several well-known lever principles.
The operator sits In the rear of the wagon,
and by pressing his foot on a certain
lever causes another lever to rise and en
gage with a sort of cam. This produces
i fjreat power, so that the cam shaft is
I made to revolve. The power is then com
-1 municated to the axle of ths vehicle by
! cogwheels. The idea is that the great
power generated by the cam attachment
will cause the vehicle to run several feet
by the impetus thus. imparted. It will be
seen tbat the driving motion is not a
positive one, and of course the vehicle
would be a slow hill-climber, but on a
good road it should develop considerable
speed.
Cotton-Picking Machine.
A few years ago a committee of scien
tific men, after a conference, decided that
one of the gieat industrial needs of the
time was a cotton-pickin« machine. They
further declared that there was a fortune
in store for the person who would irjvent
one. There have been numerous attempts
made in that direction, but all have been
failures for some reason.
Wbodbury K. Dana of Westbrook, Me.,
APPARATUS FOR HARVESTING COTTON.
has just patented a machine that is con
structed on the most simple but novel
principles, and, as far as can be judged,
from the theoretical construction of it,
ought to work. The principle made use
of is suction and the method of applying
it is the same as the pneumatic cash
carriers in use in 6tores all over the
country.
There are two parts to tbe machine,
mounted upon separate trucks. One truck
contains an engine and boiler and a centri
fugal airpump driven by same. The other
truck carries the picking machine, which is
connected to the air pump by a flexible
tube. The picking machine is nothing more
than a tank closed on all sides and with a
screen extending through a section of it a
few inches from the top. From different
sides of the tank hose pipes are attached
that have end pieces intended to fit over
the ball of growing cotton.
By setting the centrifugal pump in oper
ation the air is exhausted from the tank
and of course the air from the outside
rushes in through the hose pipes. It then
follows that if the end of 'the hose be
placed over the ball of growing cotton the
fiber will be torn loose and follow the air
into the tank.
The screen across the tank prevents the
cotton from passing into the pump.
Ffgbtin? From M dair.
A balloon which it is said, can be pro
pelled around a circle if necessary without
respect to the wind, has been devised by
A. R. Reed of Hot Springs, Ark. His de
vice has been submitted to some Cuban
sympathizers in this country, and it may.
be adopted in the war now raging on the
little island.
The gas bag is cigar-shaped. The usual
car or basket hangs underneath, and at
tached rigidly to the bottom of the car is
an air tube or magazine somewhat larger
than the basket, say thirty 01 thirty-six
inches in diameter. At one end is at
tached a rudder, to work partly inside and
partly outside of the tube. At the middle
of the tube there is a strong fan wheel,
similar to the electric fan?. This is
driven by a small gasoline engine of about
two horsepower, made of aluminum.
This engine goes in the basket immedi
ately over the circular fan, and the latter
is run by an ordinary belt running through
the bottom of the basket from the engine.
The rudder is managed by ropes. The
gas bag is covered with the usual rope net
ting to support the car and entire ma
chinery. The carrying machinery will de
pend entirely upon the size of the gas bag.
Inside of thirty days can be made a bal
loon which will carry 2000 pounds of dyna
mite in bombs and the necessary appa
ratus to fire them with precision, and with
this steering gear, the inventor says, he
can direct a balloon in any direction and
make it run around in a circle.
Production of Copper.
Acoording to the Engineering and Min
ing Jonrnal the production and export of
copper for tbe first six months of this year
makes a very satisfactory showing. The
total increase in the United States in pro
duction was 11,668 long tons, or 14.6 per
cent, and the increase of export, far in
excess of tbe increase of production,
amounted to 74.1 per cent On the 30th of
June the stocks in sight in England and
France were estimated at 30.729 tons and
the quantity from Chile 5550, making a
total of 36,279, as against 36,901 tons on
May 31. These figures show a decrease of
more than 600 tons during the month.
The decrease as compared with July 1,
1895. is 22.236 tons.
Telephoning: in the Rockies.
Telephone construction in the Rocky
Mountains is attended with a great deal of
hardship. The line built from Leadville to
Aspen several years ago is a case in point.
It took two months to cover the entire
length, forty-eight miles. In ordinary con
struction, the poles would ba set forty-two
to the mile, but at certain points, where
sharp turns weie necessary, the number
sometimes increased to seventy-five to the
mile. The members of the construction
gang had to be as expert as ax men as they
were as linemen, for when timber was en
countered a path of 200 feet on each side
of the line had to be cleared in order that
wires might not be broken when trees
were blown over by the terrific blasts
which at times prevail in that region.
A great deal of the comparative slowness
of the installation was owing to the inabil
ity of the workmen to labor in such a rare
ified atmosphere. At one point the wires
were strung at an elevation of 12,000 feet
above the level of the sea. In snch an alti
tude the lineman soon became completely
tired; after he has climbed two or three
poles he has to take a rest to recuperate
his energies. The preparation of tbe holes
for poles, which would have been tedious
in similar ground even in an ordinary at
mosphere, was an especially slow and fa
tiguing operation. It was often necessary
to blast a hole for the pole by the use of
giant powder, and an ex-miner, who had
bad an extensive experience with explo
sives, was assigned to the job.
The digging of one pole hole would
sometimes occupy him a whole day,
working honestly. Over 300 pounds
of powder were used on the line
for this purpose. When the conti-
nental divide was reached the poles had
to be abandoned and the wires placed
in a cable, which was buried in a two-foot
trench for a distance of 7600 feet. The ad
visability of abandoning aerial construction
at this point was demonstrated by the ex
perience of the company that maintains
the Denver and Leadville line. At one
point on that line, Mosquito Pass, the
poles were originally set seventy feet
apart As the wires were covered with
sleet they snapped and the line was use
less. Double the number of poles was
used, with tbe same result. Tbe space be
tween the poles was then reduced to
twenty-five feet, but when the sleet came
the line was swept down flat. Eventually
an underground cable was laid for two and
a half miles and there has been no trouble
since.— Denver Field and Farm.
NEW ELECTRIC ELEVATOR
A Sarv Franciscan IrWents Or\e TKat Neither
Jerks Nor Jars
Ever since elevators have been in gen
eral use inventors have been at work try
ing to overcome that "jerkiness" so mani
fest when the machinery starts or stops
which is so unpleasant to the passengers.
The most elaborate machinery has been
constructed to this end, but there was
little improvement until E. M. Fraser of
this City thought of a new principle.
That was some time ago and he now has
a complete machine in operation in the
new brick building near the corner 01
Main and Mission streets. A Call repre
sentative rode in it a few days ago and
found all of the objectionable features in
the old elevators entirely overcome. It
swung between the floors with the ease of
a bird in flight in midair. Up to the top
and then back without apparently stop
ping at all. It could be stopped or
sturted. anywhere without the slightest
jar. With such ease does the Fraser ma
chine work that it seems surprising and
it is really a pleasure to ride in it.
How has this been accomplished? will
be asked. And it can be answered, by an
Elevator Diagram..
entire departure from old principles. In
the old machines, hydraulic, electric and
steam, the start of the elevator-car was
made from a "dead" machine. As a con
sequence, there was considerable lost mo
tion to be taken up before the momentum
was communicated to the car.
Mr. Fraser has overcome this by using
electric motors ana keeping them running
all the time during the hours the elevator
is to be used. The accompanying diagram
will explain the principle of the machine,
although no attempt has been made to
follow the details or proportions of the
working apparatus. Briefly, the principle
is that of the differential pulley-block,
but accomplished by changing the speeds
of the pulleys instead of having them of
different sizes.
AA represents the electric motors run
ning in opposite directions; Bl B2 the
pulleys coniv cted to the motors by an
endless rope; C the winze around which
the rope passes several times, that con
nects the two lock pulleys; E the ele
vator-car, suspended by a rope that passes
over a pulley and is connected to the same
shaft (D) as the winze.
If both of the motors are running at the
same speed it follows that the rope will
travel over the pulleys (81, B2) without
changing their positions. But should the
speed of the lower motor be increased and
the upper motor decreased there will be a
pull on the descending rope from pulley
Bl that will cause it to descend. This will
cause the winze to revolve and raise the
pulley 82. Power is thus communicated
to the shaft (D), and the elevator de
scends. Reversing the movement causes
the elevator to ascend.
The changing of the speeds of the
motor 3is accomplished by the U3e of an
ordinary resistance coil. The electric
current is simply turned out of one field
into another. As the motors are running
all the time, it follows that there can be
no jerk, no matter how suddenly the
change from one field to the other is
made. All practical machinists who have
seen the Fraser elevator pronounce it the
simplest and most practical machine built,
aside from the fact that the cars are the
most comfortable to ride in. The cars can
be made to run at the rate of 500 feet a
minute if de.-ired.
Turning Silver Into God.
Dr. Stephen H. Emmens, the inventor
of the fearful explosive, "Emmensite,"'
and a scientist of recognized ability, has
made public a discovery that, if true, is
the most wonderful of the century.
He declares on his reputation as a prize
man of Kings College, London, and a
pupil of the celebrated chemist, J3loxam,
that he has discovered a method of chang
ing silver into sold. He further asserts
that a laboratory ia about to be erected in
the vicinity of New York in which the
process will be carried on in a commercial
way.
Dr. Emmens will not as yet make known
any details of the discovery. All he will
say is tbat the relations of the two metals
to each other, chemically, and their con
stant association in nature, has long made
it probable that they were bat different
forms of the same substance, just as char
coal and the diamond are allotropic forms
of carbon.
Working on this line, he says that it
has been found that neither of the metals
is an elemental body. On page 431 of the
last edition of Bloxam's chemistry there
iri a statement of recent discovery made by
the scientist Cary Lea of Philadelphia,
which Dr. Emmens says is the key to the
problem of the relation of silver to gold.
Working along these lines he says it
has been found possible to dissolve gold
as easily as sugar in water, just as Lea
says he dissolved silver. The color and
action of the resultant solutions are the
same, and on aggregating the particles of
the silver solution a substance has been
secured which has all the characteristic
reactions of gold. . The problem of making
this transmutation of commercial value he
asserts has also practically been worked
out.
Dr. Emmens has records to ahow tbat
thirty years ago he produced artificial dia
monds from a carbon solution, and he has
been at wort ever since on the problem of
the divisibility of the so-called elemen
tary substances. He is not alone in these
experiments, but does not care to give the
names of his associates.
Be says that the present announcement
is made somewhat before it otherwise
would have been, because he thinks that
it is his duty as a citizen to make known
a discovery that will of necessity settle
forever the warfare between silver and
gold in the financial world.
He further says that be is aware of the
sensation that the announcement will
make, and that he is prepared to stand by
it before the scientific world, which is
alone able to pass judgment upon it.
The Submarine Naval Boat.
The New York people who are interested
in the submarine boat being built for the
navy in Baltimore are concerned whether
the Navy Department will authorize the
construction of another craft of like type.
This, from present indications, does not
seem probable, although the matter de
pends entirely on the results obtained by
the boat now under way.
Most naval officers have little faith in
this type of war craft Perhaps this oomes
from their lack of precise knowledge of
such boats, and it may spring also from
tbe natural distrust of a boat the chief
functions of which must be carried on
under the water. The builders must, under
their contract, demonstrate to the Gov
ernment the reliability of the new boat;
they must operate it in all the numerous
ways called for under the specifications,
and if they are able to do all that is re
quired of them, and ever come to the sur
face again, there will probably be estab
lished a confidence in the boat which does
not at present exist.
The foreign submarine boats operate
without much accident, and there is no
reason, theoretically, why the American
craft, an admittedly superior boat of its
type, should not be a success. Whether
it will have the tactical value claimed for
it by the inventor remains to be seen. It
is reasonable, however, to suppose that a
boat navigating under the water, out of
sight of an enemy, would be capable of
doing more damage than a much more
powerful boat, the movements of which
were known to an alert antagonist.
The latest naval appropriation act al
lows the Secretary of the Navy to have
built two more submarine boats if the
Baltimore craft proves satisfactory. It is
yet too early to determine tbe practicabil
ity of the first boat of this type, but this
does not prevent naval officers from as
suming the disadvantages of the boat.
They admit the possibility of its value,
and they appreciate the varied offices
which the inventor believes may be per
formed by his mechanism. They have,
notwithstanding, a feeling that the boat
will not be duplicated. If it shall succeed
in meeting all the requirements, which
are numerous and severe, the navy will
have a valuable craft and the battle fleet
an important ally. — New York Times.
According to • the Ceylon Observer a
very interesting experiment on the culti
vation of Para rubber is being made on
one of the estates in that country. About
a year ago some 50,000 plants were pur
chased and planted on the estate, and the
trees are now said to show a surprising
growth, as do also those on the Govern
ment's experimental plantation in the
same district. As is well known, the de
mand for good rubber is now in excess of
the supply. During the years 1894-95 the
value of the rubber exported from Para
was upward of 37,000,000 milreis, being
rather more than double the value of the
exported rubber for the year 1890-91.
It appears from the report of the foreign
trade of China for the year 1895, recently
issued by the China Imperial Maritime
Customs, that in connection with the silk
industry of China the steps initiated by
the Inspector-General to implant in China
the Pasieur system of detecting and erad
icating disease in silkworms have suc
ceeded in the Kwangtung province.
The Caspian Sea is 650 feet below the
level of the ocean.
NEW TO-DAX".
Tram V.S. Jourm' />/ Mcdirin*.
Fg Prof.W. H.
A m -^ who makes a special-
■Hi r^ty of Epilepsy, has
I 1 '.'^ without doubt treat-
l JL JL Qr^bJ^d and cured more
, J ;. cases than any living
C~M Physician;
I -, , Ljimf^ jf. \ h' s success
1 1 ■ fj^iu isastonisn -
V 111 CU" WCave
, / heard of
cases of 20 years' standing cured by
"; him. ; f He publishes a valuable work
:; on this disease, ' which ;, he sends
. with a large bottle ; of his absolute
| - cure,. free to any sufferer who may
i send their P.O. and Express address.
We x advise anyone wishing a cure
.to address .- . . . "'• ' ' .
9rof.W.H.PEEKE,F.D.,4CedarSt,N.Y.
SVITAUTYrnMENf
l/^Bosioredi
\£f i w- Foiling Sexual^
©'-sSw/l • -3- X X Strength in Old . orOU ;
■»/*ffl/MC'Suak~ _V Young; Sen can be^^
42*. ?• 'Mf/J^t^^V. quickly and ferma-^SS
• s*. yj'/w» !5^"o quickly cured by meßHf
~J 'T7/Mf*^^\ -^ -jr kentlt cared by me^p
®* ar %fMj'-3(Si&4%L^^ i to a healthy, vigorous 3s
QPh "^tS^S^jJ&f^ state. Sufferers frora^p
S JsMsm\ Nervous •
•Wm& Debilit y •
2 V#r Weakness £k
W ire» . , Varicocele . g
• X ' 'iK\Y*J and all wasting diseases,^B
' i^B' ; ' ' ■ '; li',/3L fi|T should write to me for »dTlt*.^g
• I have been a clow jß^^tosM^F I?
, •Btudentformanyyeara l*Ss!¥f%dp£. ~ '>£ J
of thaßubjoct of vreafc. r^^B^B^aff^ *~ v»j Efl
ncsa in men, the f act **i39*r**&\? *r -** '
•is, I was a sufferer my- j >«tj^ >JWF. /g%
self. Too biishful to /fj^^V^/VK. Vfl
. —seek the aid of older /w-iSv/Mi^ C ] .
«%menorreputsblpphy- <*is{ju2^/^!v//\ SB
■ Wsicians,l investigated. ymp^l/iSWQ\
<f&\\'^JW//m,9 Jtefh JB|
; HBdiscovered n simple W^:tj^<i(MSji V
2Cbut most remarkably KSf/J^.rTjSkSrff.'
auocessful • Hemedy S;^J&oiiW///)j72\ MB
©that completely cured --: \ _^U<sMKA. X-
Am«, and fully enlarged me W^Y/W'i^ ■■
shrunken, stunted fffm^v^Y-6nff/7//h
©condition to natural «ize v V/J9\n fr X/^ 4H»
and strength. I wanterery ' P/^T 11 /I ■ Bfl
__ young or old man to know ' f/Af - \\l j
1 strlaboutit. old man to know SYR VI \ \
about it. I tako aptrsonal v^ via K3j
j. Vy interest in ench cases, and V-. . y I [|i| : . '% w '
' •no one i need hesitate to f-jl kj . /C|
write me, as nllcomnuni- «e^* «4 v^S
' *Sl cations are held . strictly ;- - . ■ •• - j-b,
JBBconfldent.ial . I send ho recipe of this remedyJßJ
" i^'^abgolutely free of cost. Do not put it off, but^^ ■
a^ write me fully at once, you will always bleu|3&
<Q^the da? you did so. dress, Iff
i A * ■* -:.-;. THOMAS SLATER, Boat 2383 ' • J9|
BjPSblpper olUmona iulastuo Celery, KaUaaioo, Mleh-Bfl
29