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2 "She was a schoolteacher," I admitted. "Ah! 1 thought so. You see, the Govern ment will employ no one who does not swear allegiance- Even the schoolteachers— women, you know— must take the oath. Why, take a p ivate business firm. If a native goes into a store and asks for a clerk's place, if he wants work—no matter what kind— if he will swear to be loyal to this Government (a -Government which he hates, which he has had no voice in making, which he hopes to see overthrown) he can get work. If not, he must do without He cannot get work. He cannot vote, fcvervthing is closed against him. Think of it. Isn't it a great, a wonderful sacrifice by a whole people for the sake of principle?" "But how long will the natives holdout? How long can they ?" "Forever. Living is easy in Hawaii. No one starves here. The natives will never change/ ' "How about the exceptions? Do you others resent a man's swearing allegiance?" "No. It— it isn't quite the same— our feeling for him— as it was before. But they aie to be pitied, these poor people, who are given such a hard choice. And besides — " She paused. ■ "Ye-?" Mrs. Camp'rell leaned forward now. She had been lying lazily back in the large cane rocking-chair. "This. In their hearts they do not swear allegiance. In their hearts they are with us. Do you think that the present Government could rely upon the, native police if it came to ing against their own people?" It wasn't a question. Mrs. Campbell's voice and manner had become almost energetic. 1 turned back after 1 had gone down the stairs rind over the long cobble-stone walk, to look back at her. She was standing at the door in her cool, loose white gown, the orange leis on her haughty head and about her ; c a gorgeous string of d?ep flower ing topaz; her large, soft brown hands were dispeo. and her sleepy, dark eyes were lit up in a smiling farewell. * * * The Portuguese driver was waiting at the gate, and as soon as 1 was seated in the car . he turned roi nd : : nJ said: "'Well, what Ma'am think of the country?" Ma'am thought the country was unspeak ably lovely, and she proceeded to expatiate upon its beauties. The boy listened with a patience that was uncomplimentary. Evidently scenic de;crip;ion bored him. he shrugged his MISS MIRIAM MICHELSON, Special Correspondent of "The Call" at Honolulu. s hou!ders. Every nationality h»s the trick of some o'her nation in this mince-pie or peoples. "Yez — I know," he said at last. "But what ma'am think going to come of the coun try? I guess they're" — he nodded toward the hotel where some United States Congressmen had been delivering speeches to all Hilo — " I guess they're going to take this country. An' ma'am (he turned squarely around now whiie the horse plunged along through the muddy town), what ma'am think 'bout these natives? I'm sorry these poor natives. They got. no money. They got no land. They can' do nothing. 1 like see this country belong the natives— it their country. What ma'am think ?" But ma'am had come 2000 miles to find out other people's opinions ; not to express her own. * . * • The most interesting native Hawaiian I met on the islands is John Richardson, a law yer. He came on the Claudine at Wailuku, when the little steamer was on the return trip from Hilo, whither she had gone specially so that Uncle Sam's representatives might see the volcano, the plantations— in short, all the sights, in a short time. Mr. Richardson is of medium height, heavily built. He is very dark, and his black side whiskers are slightly gray. His eyes meet one squarely, his chin is strong and decided, his English is excellent and his manner is serious and courteous. He is quick at getting the drift of one's questions, and my short talk with him, while we were sailing away from Maui and past Moiokai, interestei me more than any other interview 1 had (for busintss purposes) on the islands. "I met a man, Mr. Richardson, a native Hawaiian, at Kalului, 1 think it was. It was something beginning with a "k," anyway. He was in favor of annexation." "Judge Kalua, a Circuit Judge," Mr. Richardson said, promptly. "Yes." "The native Hawaiians who favor annex ation are of two classes: Those who are in the Government's employ and dare not do other wise, and those who have some personal grudge against the former Government; those who ex pected more than they got. I believe you Americans call them soreheads." We both laughed at this and then I asked him if he intended to sign the anti-annexation petition. "Certainly," he answered. "And how do the lower classes of the na tives feel about it?" "Oh, they're more obstinate than those who are better informed," he said smiling. "They'll never change." "And do you think your petition will be heeded?: 1 "It should be. The United States can make no pretense to friendliness for the native Hawaiian, no pretense to honesty or fairness if we are disregarded." "Of course," I said, "legally the present Government has the right to turn over the republic—" "The republic ! A strange republic where a handful of men are absolute and the great mass of people are disfranchised : where soldiers are on guard before the executive building and the guns stand ready in the basement to be trained upon the people." "What is the sentiment of the natives on Mauir" "What is it all over the islands? No na tive not in the Government employ is reconciled to annexation. And if the United States cared'enough to have a secret ballot taken to find out the sentiment of the Hawaiians, not twenty natives would vote for annexation." * ♦ * At Honolulu I met Mr. James Kaulia, the president or the Hawaiian League. Mr. Kauiia is a thoughtful-looking man, with a brown mustache and very serious, dark eyes. During our interview on the hotel veranda ,he smiled only once, and that was when he spoke of a man as a "P. G." "P G.," 1 repeated, wondering what in this land of vowels the term might mean. "Yes, P. G. — Provisional Government— you understand? We call those natives who take the oath of allegiance P. G's. " " And you people feel bitterly toward the P. G.s, do you? An American told me that a Hawaiian never resents anything." Mr. Kaulia's face looked forbidding for a moment. " I guess — I guess he don't know us. We Hawaiians hate (the word was pronounced with such deliberation as to give it extraordinary emphasis), we hate the P. G.'swhen they are are realiy in favor of the Government. But there are very few— very few, who are not really with us. Take the police now, who have sworn allegiance, cf course. Some of them have signed our petition against annexation. Not th; head man, you understand." " Isn't that rather unwise ? ' "Oh, the Government will not find it out." "But if I should publish the fact?" "The Government will say it is not true." "Oh!— Well, tell me, how many Ha waiians, native?, will sign your peti ion?" "Thirty tnousand, including boys over 15." "There aren't many more than that in the island?." "Not one thousand more." "Will any white men sign?" "Some. Yes. But of course a white man must exp?ct to suffer in his business, and— and in society, you understand whit 1 mean— if he takes sides against the Government." "And if the United States annexes despite your petition?" "Then it will be a seizure. That is all. Here! There are 2800 voters registered for the next election— the end oi this month. Of those 2800, 1000, according to the Government's own iigures, are what we call the Citizens' Guard; 200 votes more are the soldiers' votes and 1200 more are the Government officials. That leaves only 400 outside votes. You see?" Mr. Kaulia opened his hands wide. The native Hawaiian has not a very mobile face, but his gestures are as expressive— particularly when his English is not fluent— as a French man's. THE SAX FRANCISCO CALL. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, IS9T. Meeting of Natives at Hilo, Island of Hawaii, Thursday, September 16, J897, to Protest Against Annexation. "Tell me about your league." "In every district — all over the islands — there are meetings, one a month. Once a year in November delegates from every district meet here in Honolulu." "How many signatures have you to your petition ?" "Seven thousand." "And how Inns; has it been in circulation?" "Since last Thursday, September 16. " "And are you confident that all natives feel as you do?" "I am sure. The feeling is the same from Kaena to Hiio." Which translated means from the Sierras to the sea. ♦ * • So here's a people pleading for grace at the hands of a gre;;t republic. Here's a tiny drop of mercury begging forbearance of the enor mous globu'e that threatens to absorb it. Poor Hawaii ! Siie seems like a supplicat ing dusky maiden holding out beseeching hands to a great, swaggering brother nation. "1 believe I'll take your land, Hawaii," blusters the United States, like a big bully. "I pray you, Brother Jonathan, let me keep it ; it is mine." * • • It has been siid that tli're is no hospitality in thfse degenerate modern money-m "king days like that of the white people on these islands. Soda, life, lam told, is delightful here. Busi ness hours are short. The climate forbids the exercise oi and gradually saps one's energy. Men have leisure for social intercourse, and tUe corui.arauve scarcity of pleasurable occupation in tiiis isolated place iitduces a readiness to make the most of society — that refuge of tlie un fortunate leisure class. Everybody who is anybody in Hawaii knows everybody Hse. Ttie small white popu lation, cut off f ri m the rest of the world, l;ving in the midst of the most conglomerate assort ment of races, controlling the wealth, all ofii cifil and social positions, with a superfluity of service in the black man or the brown or the yellow (or any combination and all shades of these colors), has evolved a civilization delight fully luxurious, exqui itely refined. Many things are dear in Hawaii, but human labor is not one of them. Some of the bungalow* in and around Hono lulu are models of cultured taste, almost perfect specimens of what may be accomplished in the art of living— givea a tropical climate and a Bwarm of inferior human workers. There are estates hire, a traveler tells me, which are rivaled in beauty, luxury and com pleteness of appliances for bodily comfort only by the home* of the Haytian planters. The visiting Congressmen from the United States Gpeak delightedly ot the gracious hospi tality of the people of tbe islands. They are charmed by the bountiful provisions made for their entertainment, by the generousspirit which anticipates every desire and completes every un spoken wish. "There isn't a man among them who doesn't consider himself responsible for the weather, for the condition of the roads, Tor the success of the affair— whatever^ may be." It is all very pretty. There ia a charm about life here which soothes the senses and dulis the spirit. It is easy not to tbinlc, not to struggle. It must be very pleasant to drift with tbe tide of touhomie (especially when rowing against it is so disastrous), to become a member of this small class of cultured, wealth y men and gracious idle women. In the South before the war, in France be fore the Revolution, society attained its hiirhest development, of which this island society is an inferior copy in miniature. But this perfection of civilization is a flower — a sort of century plant — that blooms but rarely and for very brief periods. It is a brilliant, marvelously shaped parasite which twines about an.l kills the plant !hat nourishes it. It requires conditions which take years 10 bnilu up, and which, in the very nature of things, cannot endure. For it means the subjugation of the many by the few; it means the enjoyment of the concentrated es sence of life's pleasures by a small minority. Material en joyment, too, is a commodity. The supply is limited. And that a hundred may Jive as un aristocracy, tens of thoufands must be denied pleasure aua profit and liberty. ♦ # » One's memory of these beautiful islands de pends a great deal upon what side of Hawaiian life one has seen. "If you come to Honolulu for a short visit to a friend, say (and your friend, of course, be longs to the smart set) you will carry back with you the happiest memory, tlie prettiest picture of the place and the people. You will retain a series of vividly colored impressions of moun tains, sea, shaded streets and cool, spacious, charmingly decorate<t salons. You will rot soon forget how beautiful a scene is a great garden of tall tropical trepes, covered with drooping sprays of crimson flower?, where the electric lights look like other flowers of diamonds. The men in white duck and the women in lace tri.nmed diaphanous gowns walk about and talk and luugh and listen to the sweet strains of the native music, and the soft evening air is acaress and the plashing of the Southern Sea accom panies it all like the bass chant of a lull-toned chorus. But if you go to the islands as I did— if you see and hear wh v I ilid — tehinu and above this picture you will see another, aa if the photogra p!v r iiad taken two Impressions on one plate. It is the face of the native Hawaiian that !o<>k-; throush the enchanting scpne — a dark red brown, sphinx-like fnc<\ The Jaree head is set finely upon a strong, full neck. The forehead is broad, witn projecting trows. There is an orie f :t:il width across the chet-k bones, a wi!e nostr ifd, straight nose, a large, thick- lipped de termine: mouth, that is not loose, and a full, broad chin. The expression is bold, but wistful, and m .he dark, somber, veil-opened eyes there is a question : "What are you coing to do with me?' 1 Miriam Michslbok. IT MAY NOT BE JUSTICE, BUT— Views of Members of the Con- gressional Party Who Favor Annexation. Defend Their Position on the Assump tion That Brute Strength Maketh All Things Right. HONOLULU, Hawaii. Sept. 22.— "1t make jne Jaugli," said cue vi the Jadirs of the Congres s.onai \ arty, "tb five hew seriously pcope take this Congressional outing. "Why, we hacin't the vaguest idea of coming to Hawaii till we arrived in San Fiancisco. Tnis is anything but official business. These men are out hero to enjoy themselves; that's all. 1 ' ■\Vl', they seem rather interested in the subject," I said. "Ou, I've been on too many junketing trips; you can't tell me anything about Congressional excursions." I haven't bad the lady's experience, so my simplicity may have led me to judge incorrectly, At any rate, it seemed to me thai wherever these four men went — and in a werk they saw more of ths islands th;m most people see in a year— they questioned c!o?e!y and pertinently, and thay ac quired a store ot information. On the Australia coming down we had an nexation and antianni xation for breakfast lunch nnd dinner. People read booka on Ha waii, looked at Hawaiian views, made moro or less successful attempt? at Hawaiian pronuncia tion. While the women lying in the steamer chairs discussed the subjpet lazily, tentatively, indifferently, the sound of men's voices raised in excited argument came tumbling down from the hurricane deck or mounting from the suiou below. For this Question of annexation, I find, is not one which men can discuss calmly, if an annexationist suspects one of being opposed to bis scheme of tilings, he attribute* to one all the graces and ciiarms with which an ardent seces sionist endowed the aboliiioiii^t in 1861. In Hawaii the question ha 9 broken up families, es tranged old friends, nnd given to society a pecu liar tender .«uscept;biiity which makes a disa greement upon island politics the preliminary to social and business failure. I had talked with the representatives from the United State* at various stages of their Hawaiian experience. But it was principally off the coast of the island of Hawaii, the beau tiful, that they spoke to what Mr. Cannon of Illinois calls "the newspaper ear." Mr. Tawny of Minnesota walked bravely up to Inquisition Point— as ihe little passageway in the fore part of the Claudine came to be called, from the numerous Dewspaper inter views held there. By the way, I would strongly recommend this particular spot to the interviewer, for only two or three peopie can rind room to stand here— an important fact, because Hawaiian* are so deeply interested in the annexation question that to their ears the sound of a discussion on this topic is like a bugle to a warhorse. So '.he Hon. Mr. Tawny, the Hon. Mr. Loudenslager of New Jersey and myself stood and gazed at the wonderful panorama, and talked politics. "In the iirst place, why are you in favor of annexation, Mr. Tawny?" "Because of the commercial and military advantages to the United Staces." answered handsome Mr. Tawny, pushing back his cap, an evidence of interest on his part. "We are going to be benefited immensely, for every year will add to the commercial wealth of the islands. Leaving the sugar industry out of the question, I consider that the production of coffee here ultimntely is assured, and will be as profitable as is the wheat crop of Minnesota. And " "And I don't agree with you," interrupted Mr. Loudenslager's good-natured voice. "Oh, you — you don't agree with anybody, Jersey," laughed the Congressman from Minne sota. "Hut do you mean to say I'—Mr1 '— Mr Loudenslager leaned over the railing and pulled his cap for ward, which is his way of showing that be is interested — "Do you mean to tell me " "1 wasn't telling you anything, Loudensla ger." "That's all right, isn't It?" inquired Mr. Lou denslaper, turning to me. "Very well, then. Now, Tawny, when yon say that the coffee crop in Hawaii is as assured as the wheat crop in Minn " "I didn't say that." Mr. Tawny's very dark face would have looKed pugnacious Jf it hadn't been for hia smiling dark eyes. "I didn't say that," he repeated. "I said — now listen, Lou denslager, and you may just chance to pet a thine straight for onee — I said that there is no question in ruy mind that ultimately coffee will be raised as successfully on these islands as wheat is now in Minnesota. If you're not sure that you quite understand, Harry, I'll go over it again." But the Congressman from New Jersey, with an opera bouffe gesture, referred Mr. Tawny to me. "Now, then," continued the Minnesotan, "there are other products, many others. This MRS. KUAIHELANI CAMPBELL, President Hawaiian Women's Pa'riotic League. climate, this wonderfully rich soil is capable of proiucing unlimited quantities of widely differ ent foodstuffs. As to the military advantage*, now. If we don't take these islands Japan will within ten years. Or England may " "England can't and England won't," de clared Mr. Loudenslnjier. "Now, look here, Loudenslager, if you jump in again " "Th? gentleman from Minnesota ha 3 the floor," remarked the interviewer. "Thank you. We need this post, in my judg ment, as much to prevent other nations from forbidding our coaling here a3 for any uU;e: reason. In case of war ail our commerce on the Pacific Coast would be at the enemy's mercy, and thi3 commerce grows daily more valuable. These islands are of vast importance — they are the key to the commerce of the Pacific. There is no valid reason for our hesitating. Why, if we could get Cuba without war with Spain — if Cuba were to ask for annexation, I'd say yes to that, too." "Then, if you alone had to decide this que» tion, you woulrt annex the islands?" "Undoub;edly." "And the feeling of the natives in the mat ter—aren't they to be considered?" "Oh, yes, yes; but I believe the natives favor annexation." "That hasn't been my experience," I said. "Personally 1 have spoken to perhaps 100 na tives on the various islands. Indirectly 1 have ascertained the sentiment of thousand?. Now suppose it were proven to you that they are sticngly opposed to annexation, would that change your views?" "No." Mr. Tawny's pleasant voice had a decided ring. "No!" I repeated. i "Wait a minute; this is what I mean : SoM I nation is bound to annex the islands, Tfc ■ can't exist independently. They (the native*™ should be permitted to say to what nation they pre er to be annexed. But I tell you they can'G exist as they are." "But you haven't an«w>red the question — the real question," said Mr. Loudensiaeer with a chuckle. "Oh, that New Jero'v man," exclaimed Mr. Tawny, wrathfuiiy. "We'll have it out," he said lo me as he walked away, "when you're throuph with him." Mr. Loudenslaner laughed iike a boy; bm be grew sober Immediately when I turned to Dim and said: ••Now, Mr. Loudenslaser, :"t's your turn." The Congress-man fiom New Jersey lit & cigar and pulled at it thoughtfully for a moment. "Well, I don't know. I'm not prepared really to give my views on annexation, l will say, though, that I'm more in favor of it now than I was when 1 csrue. T c neop'e seem really American in spirit, and I'm amazed at the fertility, the \ roductiveness of t tie Islands. I had no idea of the extent of productive iand." "Do you think annexation will CJine?'' "Ye-es. Everything at present points (hnt way. Of course, this Doint mu^t be taken in:o consideration — the annexationista have bien louder in their expression oi sentiment than the anti-annexatior.isas have. That r;v< s one the impression that trie party in favor of nntiexn lion is stronger than that which is against. The time will come when both sides must be heard in debate." "How do you think the United States will be benefited by annexation?" "There is no Lenelit solar as commerce is concerned. In my opinion, the only benefit will be in the po-session of a strategic pomt — an im portant naval sta ion. Buteven thenlquest.ua whether the cost of it all will not exceed tha gain to the United State?. It involves s decide<Lw change in Governmental policy. If th« next^ step is to be Cuba I should be wholly opposed. ' "Do yon believe with Mr. Tawny that if the United Siates does not annex the islands some other nation will ?" "~So, I don't." "Then, if the islands could remain as they are — " . : "In that case, if the United States could bs assured that things would remain as they are — that no nation likely to become inimical would have the islands— it would be belter, in niv judgment, not to liave annexation; better for us and better for Hawaii, to<% There's Berry. Do you want Berry?" ■ ■~; Berry was wanted. The Congressman from Kenttickv, w.th hi< gray head bent to permit h:« G feet 7 inches to lind standing-room between decks, approached, and Jar. Luudenslager walkea off, saying: "I'll leave you alone with Berry. It's not so much fun teasing him as it is an earnest fellow like Tawny." I asked Mr. Berry, who is on the House Com mittee on Foreign Relations, whether he thought the islands would ba annexed. "Yes, I believe so," he answered. "I think the administration is bent upon it. And let me tell you something: No matter what these men may say to you, you'll find every Republican of tbeni march up lilc-.> a little man and give his vote for annexation when ;he administration de cides upon its policy. It doesn't matter what they may happen to think, of course." The Congressman from Kentucky is the one Democrat in tbe party. He's a man of enor mous strength, of unfailing good-nature, ei ceeiingly kind and generous and with a youth ful heart that makes Ms crisp white hair and beard seem out of keeping. "Are you in favor of it?" I asked. "That depends. If Japan were to try to take ihtse islands I'd shout Hands off !' But that isn't me main point. The thins is this: Idon't see how tne administration can ignore the wishes of the natives. I tell you, my sympa thies nre with these poor people. They are such a fine race, and here ihey are practically dispos sessed of their property and threatened with an nihilation. "Of course, I'll admit that the natives are not tit to make the best uso of tho islands. But it's this way: Smith, say, owns a lam near me. I go to him — being a big fellow— (Mr. Berry's gray eye.- twinkled) and say, 'Smith; you're not running your place <:s it should bo run. lean do more with it — make more money out of it. On the whole, I beiieve I'JJ take it away from yon.' ••