The San Francisco call. [volume], November 15, 1904, Image 3

About The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913

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Despite the destructive purposes of labor's antagonists I am in a
position to report that, with the exception of a slight recession al
ready indicated, there has been a sum total of great pain in the mem
bership of tho organizations affiliated to tho American Federation of
Ijibor. From October 1, 1903, to September 30, 1904, we issued from
the American Federation of Labor the following cliartcrs: Interna
tional unions, II; State federations, 5; central labor unions, 400; lo
cal trade unions and federal labor unions, 328. Total, 443. At the
end of the fiscal year, September 30, 1904, there were affiliated with
the American Federation of Labor 120 international unions, consisting
of, approximately, 27.000 local unions of their respective trades and
callings, 32 State federations, 509 central labor unions. 1271 local
trade unions and federal labor unions. Total, 1992.
GOMPERS SUMS UP MEMBERSHIP.
Continued on Pose 5, Column 3.
" A brief resume of events leading up to and
In connection with the outrage against not
only the rlshts of labor but civilized society,
may not here be amiss. Four years ago -the
Colorado Legislature passed a law limiting
the hours of labor of men who worked la the
mines and in the smelters to eight per day.
The courts of the State declared that inas
much as there was no constitutional authority
vested in> the Legislature for the enactment
of such a law. the act was void. The subse
quent Legislature adopted an amendment to
the constitution giving the Legislature that
needed authority, and made It mandatory
upon the Legislature to enact such a law. The
amendment was submitted to a vote of the
people of Colorado, and, It was ratified by
more than 47.0OO majority, and thereby became
a of the State constitution.
The Legislature which had this direct man
date from the people utterly failed to comply
therewith, and It 1» authoritatively a»serted^
and not denied, that Governor Peabody owed
his nomination- and election to the office he
occupies upon the distinct understanding and
agreement with the prime movers of the so
called Citizens' Alliance that he would pre
vent, if possible, an agreement by the two
houses of the Legislature upon any eight-hour
bill; or that If agreement was reached.^ despite
his effort. 'that he would veto such » *>«'¦ JJ
was unnecessary for him to exercise his rtght
of vetS. InasmTch as Ms effort, to prevent
agreement in the passage of the bill made the
exercise of that function unnecessary.
The indignation of the people general y.
particularly the working people, at this pol t
ical manipulation and trickery, was emphatic
and a keen sense was clearly manifested that
their rights and their Interests had been fla
erantly betrayed. Disputes arose resulting in
the effort to enforce by private agreement
what the lawmakers, the misrepresentatlves
of the "eople. had failed to do: that Is, the
establishment of an eight hour workday.
In several Instances strikes occurred: some
directly for the eight hour day. others In sym.
nathv At once a system of persecution was
inaugurated by the employers' associations,
which assumed the title of Citizens' Alliances.
Men against whom no charge of wrongdoing
could be made were dragged from their homes
and deported to other districts and to other
States. Public officials, elected by the people.
Hemming. Scranton. Pennsylvania.
The iniquitous policy of the so-called Citi
zens' Alliance has had Its fullest fruition In
Colorado. In that State it has not only of it
self had full away, but It haa< been aided In
the execution of Its edicts by the executive
with the full power of the military. Indeed,
the Citizens' Alliance had but the simple dec
laration to make as to Its wishes and what in
Its Judgment constituted the law to have the
Governor of the State order the troops to the
most convenient point to execute what was
accepted as a decree. Civil government has
been set at naught, and constitutional and
natural rights and guarantees wantonly tram
pled under foot. •
were summoned before secret meetings of these
greedy monopolists, and simply because -they
• refused to acquiesce in the employers' out
rageous conduct, were summarily deposed
from office and the- agents of employers
directed to usurp these offlces and perform
their functions and duties. In one instance a
rcj>e with a noose at the end waa tossed at
th© feet of an officer of the local government,
elected by the people, with the cholc» given
him of peremptorily resigning: his efflce or to
take the consequences of the other silent, yet
effective, alternative presented to him.
DENOUNCES GOVERNOR.
The Governor has aided and abetted this
criminal procedure and* utilized the mllltary
forces cf Colorado to violate every vestige o£
human right recognized for more than seven
centuries aa wrung from an unwilling mon
arch In the Magna Charta. as*erted In the
Declaration of Independence, guaranteed b/
th« constitution of our country and of our
States and fortified by every statute in our
; Governor Peabody not only declared martial
law and . military rule, applying to district*,
without authority of law and in conflict wltn
¦ the plain previsions of the constitution of
Colorado, but he even demeaned himself to
the exercise cf that rreat power to apply
to a single individual. Men charged with no
crime or offense against the laws were cor
ralled and with the butt end cf a gun or at
the point of a. bayonet driven like cattle into
a bull pen. while others were bodily carried or
driven into another State.
We aa»ert t»>at under no circumstances had
the . Governor of Colorado, without the con- '
uent of the Legislature, the right or authority
to declare martlnj law or military rule; that
holding men in duress In that brutal military
prison. th» bull oen; that depriving men of
their liberty without due procers of law, was
not only a brutal outrage of the rights of
the men themselves, but an unblushing wrong
to all men. If the miners In the disturbed
districts of Colorado were guilty of any crime.
If they violated any law of the land, there,
are in existence uson the statute books laws
for their am>rehenslon and trial before th»
duly constituted courts by a- Jury of their
peers according to the due proce*ses of law aa
made and provided In such cases.
The tyrant of old exercised his spleen with
those from whom ke differed and deported,
banished cr exiled them. Clvlllxed man has
come to recomlie such punishments aa un
luat and unnatural. Even Russia has recently
abolished the decree. It has remained for the
unspeakable Peabody. Governor of the great
State of Colorado, to revive and put this be
r.lghted punishment into execution: and this,
too In «slte of tho fact that there Is not in
our country one scintilla of law authorizing
any court or any officer to deport, banish or
exll« a citizen from, his State or from, the
country.
We have not. cannot and will not condone
The committee on credentials of the
American Federation of Labor reported
at the forenoon session yesterday that
there were present delegates represent
ing 79 national, 14 State branches, 29
central bodies and 46 local trade and
federal unions. The following list shows
the delegates having 200 or more votes
in the convention:
Electrical Workers of America. International
Brotherhood— H. W. Sherman, M. J. Sullivan.
George Burns. Charles Nelson. 210 votes. Bar
bers' International Union. Journeymen — W. E.
Klapetzky Frank X. Noschang. George K.
Smith. George C. Shaneesy, 23ft votes. Cigar
makers' International Union of America—Sam
uel Gompers. Thomas F. Tracy. James Wood,
Mahlon J. Barnes. 405 votes. Carpenters and
Joiners of America, United Brotherhood —
Frank Duffy. James F. Grimes, A. M. Swart*.
Samuel Yarnell. William B. Macfarlane. John
Zartng T M. Guerin. 1554 votes. Boot and
Shoe Workers' Union — John F. Tobtn, Collis
Lovely. Emmet T. Walls. Charles E. Lowell.
John P. Meade, 320 votes. International
Union of United Brewery Workmen — Louis
Kemper. Edmond F. Ward, August Prle«ters
bach Fred Zepp, 305 votes. Hotel and Restau
rant' Employes' Alliance — T. J. Sullivan. Jer»
L. Sullivan -Robert A. Wharton. Paul Rlechen
bacher. C. B. Wiseman. 4SH votes. Interna
tional Longshoremen's Association — Daniel J.
Keefe. Henry C. Barter. John J. Joyce, BOO
votes. International Association of Machinists
— James O'Connell. George H. Warner. A. E.
Ireland. John Hamerstrom, 627 votes. Meat
Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North
America, Amalgamated— Herman May. C. E.
Schmidt. 344 votes. United Mine Workers of
America— John Mitchell. W. B. Wilson. T.
L Lewis W. D. Ryan W. H. Hasklns. John
Fahy John T. Dempsey. 2577 votes. Iron
Molders" Union of North America — M. J.
Keough. James H. O*Neil, 300 votes. Ameri
can Federation of Musicians — Joseph N. Web
er. Owen Miller, D. A. Carey. 220 votes.
Brotherhood of Painters. Decorators and Pa
perhangers of America — J. C. Bahlhom, James
H. Sullivan. George C. Campbell. John W.
Finan. Frank C. Lowe. 607 votes. Amalga
mated Association of Railway Employes, Street
and Electric — W. D. Mahon. Rezin Orr. Rich
ard Cornelius. 300 votes. Seamen's Interna
tional Union of America — Win. H. Frazier,
Walter Macarthur. Andrew Furuseth. Wm.
Penje. 201 votes. International Typographi
cal Union — James M. Lynch, Frank Morrison.
Max S. Hayes. Frank K. Foster, Victor L.
Berger. 467 votes. Wood Workers' Inter
national Union of America. Amalgamated —
D. D. Mulcahy. Thomas I. Kidd. Richard
Braunschweig, E. W. Miller. 25>3 votes.
Votes by State organizations are as
follows:
California — John Davidson. 1 vot«.
Florida — S. J. Triplett. 1 vote.
Georgia — W. S. Harris. I vote. •
Illinois— M. B. Madden, 1 vote.
Iowa— L. M. Jaeger. 1 vote.
Massachusetts — James R. Crozier. 1 vote.
Missouri — E. T. Behrens. 1 vote.
New Jersey — John T. Cosgrove, 1 vote.
New York Worklngmen's Federation — Wil
liam White. 1 vote.
Porto Rico Free Federation of Working
men — Santiago Iglesias. 1 vote.
Texas State Federation of Labor — G. W.
Woodman, 1 vote.
Utah State Federation of Labor— J. T. Lav
ery. 1 vote.
On boycotts— Daniel J. Keefe. Frank Xosch
anr, A. M. Swartz. Austin F. Keane. Victor
L. Berber. Emmett T. Flood. John P. Meaie.
James P. Maher. M. J. Keough. John W.
Flnan. J. J. McKee.
On building trades — William J. Spencer.
Herman Lillism. O. V. Tveltmoe. Frank Duffy.
Frank Feeney, E. V. Hoenlck. Thomas J.
Lyons George C. Campbell. Charles Nelson.
Joseph Hammill. Edward A. Whlto. Theodora
Paine. William Fyfe, Henry Ketter. W. W.
Woodward. _..... _ -
Cn education — Thomas I. Kldd, John F. To
bin, Owen Miller, D. O. Ramsay. F. M. Gue
rlD Roady Kennehan. Daniel P. Sullivan. T.
C. de Villiers. Lester Greenlaw, T. J. Dlnan.
George Powell.
On State organization — James J. Beegan. D.
D. Driscoll. Robert Wharton. Ilerman Rcbin
unn. George Burns. John Davidson, William
White, C W. Woodman, John T. Cbsgrove,
M. B. Madden, L. M. Jaeger.
On laws— John B. Lennon. James Lynch.
W. H. -Hasklns. D. A. Hayes. Max Morris.
August Prlesterbach. Samuel Tarnell. Edward
Brown, George Sauer. James H. CXell. J. T.
On la'bels^ — Martin Hlgrgrins. Charles E. Low
ell Edmonrt K. Ward, John R. O' Brian. Emit
Schaerer Max S Hayes. Morris Brown. Sarah,
Hasan. *O. F. Lindow. E. W. Miller. Henry
On grievance*— James CConnell. John A.
Moffltt. W. D. Mahon. T. L. Lewis. Walter
Mararthur. James C. Cain. William J.
O"Brlen W. E. Klapetzky. James Wood, Ed
ward Hlrsch. Emmett T. Walls.
Local and federated bodies— W. B. Wilson.
William J. Gllthorpe. George K. Smith. Wil
liam B. Macfarlane. David Kreylinir. J. Mah
lon Barnes. Mathew Canavan. J. W. Morton.
P. J. Downey, Joseph K. Weber. Jere !•• Sul
livan. ' _ "¦ ¦ '•¦ .
On resolutions — James Duncan. 'W. T>. Ryan.
J. C. Balhorn. Frank K. Foster. William
Cohen. R. H. Metcalf. Frank B. Monaghan, D.
D. Mulcahy. Santiago Iglealas. Archy Grant.
John Slocutn.
Report of treasurer— Louis Kemper, F. C.
Gengenbach. Timothy Heaiey. A. E. Kell Ing
ton. D. J. Murray. Richard Pattlson. Frank:
Sweeney. Ernest Dicks, Frank, Helle. Harry
Hailes, Frank C. Lowe.
Rules and order of business — L>. A. Tan
quary. John Fitzpatrtck. James H. Sullivan.
T. J. Duffy. Patrick Maloney. Martin Me-
Graw. Anthony McAndrews, B. B. Rosentbal.
J. Isadore, Jeremiah P. Murphy. John Clark.
' On organization — John Mitchell. J. R. Cro
xler. Charles Hank. John Zarlnvc. John D«vln«.
C. L. Bhamp, Nathan Wolff. Thomas J. Ma
honey. Herman May. John J. Joyce. A. E.
Ireland.
Report of secretary— James ¦Wilson. John
Golden. Charles Dold. Fred Zepp. A. D. Por
ter. John Brady, J. B. Conroy. E. J. Lynch.
L. W. Quick. George H. Warner. William H.
Frailer.
Following the report of the committee
on credentials the president of the con
vention appointed the following com*
mlttees:
Report ©f president — A. Furuseth. H. W.
Sherman, D. A. Carey. Henry C. Barter. Cbl
11.4 Lovely, Martin Lawler, John F&hey. Thom
a:« F. Tracy. C. 'W. Petrte, William 8. Smith.
James C. Shanessy.
¦Washington Stats Federation of Labor — W.
Frank Meyer. 1 vote.
Signed: Jam«s F. Grimes, chairman; Johr»
T. Dempeey, George Mackey.
The convention, after an hour's re- ,
cess, came together acain at 2 o'clock.
Soon after resuming President Gom
pers submitted his annual report, of
which liberal extracts are as follows:
REPORT OF GOMPERS.
The cycles of t'.tr.e that roll so swiftly by
and which era so infinitesimal when counted
'.n connection with ta« history and develop
ment cf the human race rind the people con
fronting new conditions and new problems.
The pa*t has l>e*n fraught with pain and
travail. It ha* b^-n an inarticulate yearning
and a ccnetar.t struggle for new light and the
realisation of new hopes. From the dark days
of slavery and serfdom to the era of wage,
labor was. In itself, a great progress. The
entrance of the wape earners Into the realms
of the larg»?r. broader and brighter vision of
associated effort has be<-n fraught with achieve
ments cammar.Jimy the wonder and admiration
of «ud>-i3te and observers.
Dispute it as eome may. we are conscious,
and history will accord us the credit, of being
the natural and rational, crystallized effort of
the rcastee to abolish wrong and Injustice;
to attain Justice and ripht by the most peace
ful, «volutJonary an<i humane method. The
immediate future is pregnant with good or
ill for the people of our country. It devolves
~i :. the organized labor movement to deter
ir.ln* by Its course the form It shall assume.
The constant lmpro\-ement in machinery,
the division, subdivision and eiwclallzatlon of
labor, the wonderful develcrnvnt in Industry
fcnd the concentration of wealth, give to the
wealth possessors extraordinary power, which,
whpn coupled with the cunning and greed for
pain, unless Intelligently directed and compre
hensively met by a well organized labor move
ment, will tend to the dtttrioration of our
race, the destruction of all our achievements
and the dissipation of all our hopes.
On the other hand. If we are faithful to the
history a.nd traditions of th«> «=tru»rgllni5 maeses
in the part. If T»e shall prove true to the In
terests and welfare of the ho*ts of labor
ef our day, the power calculated to injure
will be diverted to the common weal, and thus
open vp vistas cf larger opportunities and
a broader conctpticn of human rights and en
nobling aspirations.
As the cours* of enlightenment and liberty
wends Its way west ward, fro the American Fed
• ration of Labor brings its host of enlightened
and lilxrrty-lovine exponents to the entrance
Ol the Golden Gate, there net only to stand
iruard aeatnt-t any threatening foe, but to
pledge anew Its unfaiterir.g devotion to the
uplilting cause of all our i^eople.
Item the workshop, mill, factory and mine
enmes the appeal to you for comfort, aid and
relief. The yearnjne cry of the children of.
labor f<r emancipation from che drudsery of
lnre*i=ant tell to the frwdoni t>f home, the
I'U.vgmind and the Ftinshine is not heard in
vain bjr you. Tlie irifTerings of the past, the
xmnM trt tr-<*«7 ««1 the h<?pr« tor a
brighter arid better day for aO 'ore repre- i
ser.ted by the united and federated labor
movement of cur tirr.e and cf our country.
While the eyes and hearts of our fellow
¦R rk> re are fervently turned toward this con
vention. h"5>eful and confident that the broad
est and best interests of the working people
will b* safeguarded and forwarded, the »cru
lir.izir.g v:*iun of our opponents and antagon-
Ifts is conf'eTttra.ted upon our gathering and
our work, ready to turn to our disadvantage
and <Jitccir.fit.ure any error of Judgment, of
fpe^ch and action. May we not hope so to
cenform our course as to Fatisfy and gratify
<-ur friers, confoved and disarm our would-be
dtepoilers?
With tin abiding faith in the Justice and
nobility oi the cause with which we have the
honor to be effoeiated. with confidence forti
fied bv a lifetime's experience, there are no
lEit-rivings in my heart or mind that this
< or.vention of the American Federation of
Labor will do autrht to darken the horizon
of labor's future, or in the least jot to halt In
the movement for labor's dlsenthnillment. In
that faith in that confidence, in that hope. It
Is my proud privilege to welcome you to this
Fathering t..f labor's hosts at San Frarx;sco
In the convention of the American Federation
cf L&bor.
COXFEDERATIOVS STATUS.
Mucl: gleeful speculation has been indulired
In by our opponents in what they are pleased
to characterize as a "slump" in the organiza
tion of the wage-earners In the trade union
movement of our country- They would hail
¦with Joyo-js acclaim could they record the
total extinction and destruction of our move
ment. With them the wish Is father to the
thought that they might bring about what
the'.r chief sivikei-man. Parry, lately dec;ared
tbtlr purjjufe to be. "the annihilation of labor
unions." They take unctlin to their *ouls
that the tl'sbt falling off in membership in
the trade union movement for a brief period
within the x^aEt year was the beginning of
the decline of the organized labor movement
cf our country.
The law of growth in organized labor Is as
little understood by them as it Is by others
who lack the experience or who have not had
the time, orr'crtunity or inclination to In
•j-uire and study. From the formation of the
first bona. fide trade union movement in mod
em times it has grown with each era of in
dustrial activity an* receded to some degree
with each industrial depression, but with »ach
recMrrln" revival in Industry the decree of
growth has been greater and with «ach recur
ring period of depression it has receded to a
lesser cecrr-e thar- itj> immediate predecessors.
Ai: students »f our movement appreciate these
facts and count with them. Ttie antagonists
and the Ignorant view these natural economic
chaDK*-i with exultation cr alarm.
If the employers followed their policy of
wase reductions in previous years as a sup
posed way out of Industrial stagnation, and
thereby simply accentuated the situation and
made it worse. Is It not a logical Inference
that the same ruinous policy would be pursued
MAKES MANY CLAIMS.
It is held now that there can ' be no real
natural famine in the world because of the
easy facilities with which the remotest corners
of the earth can be reached. Purely If this
be true, and no Informed,' «ane, reasonable
beirg disputes It. there Is an utter absence of
excuse for non-employment, hunger, poverty
or misery in our land, a land -so- richly and
bountifully blessed. When Idleness and its
consequent misery are permitted to come
among our people It Is due entirely to rapa
cious, sordid avarice, mismanagement and in
competency on the one hand, or to - ignorant
indifference and culpable pliancy on the other.
The employers generally typify the one and
the workers formerly typified I the other.
Of course, no one who understands the com
plex conditions of Industry, economics and
the makeup of modern society, and who aided
in the formulation of this policy of our move
ment, expected to escape criticism, denuncia
tion, and condemnation from labor's oppo
nents. It was expected and anticipated. It
would have civen us cause to inquire as to
the accuracy of our course had the position
we took met the approval of these who did
not understand, ffnd those who. sordid, short
sighted, mad, rush for immediate gain and
behind them to a beneficent movement,
not fcr labor alone, but for the common weal.
In former periods when an industrial reac
tion -was manifest, employers generally viewed
the situation from their own Immediate stand
point only, without regard to their own broad
Interest or the general good. Their first re
course was to that which to them seemed
the ea«le*t course to continue the operation
of their plants — to find markets. They re
duced wages. Reduction of wages followed In
quick order; the consuming power of the
masses was curtailed and still more limited,
entailing wholesale discharges of workmen who
were formerly employed In producing the
things the masses, the -workers, formerly con
sumed. Inducing and giving the further cause
i.o ct ill further entaiiment of consumption and
production and still more discharges of work
men, until millions were unemployed: the
wheels cf industry and commerce paralyzed:
until men were walking the- highways and
byways of our country in Idleness, wiille pov
erty, hunger and misery stalked through our
land.
Sixth— Prevent industrial conflicts wherever
possible, and particularly to resist all attempts
to reduce wares.
Fifth— Voluntarily and faithfully abide by
and fulfill th<» terms of agreements and the
awards of arbitrators thereunder.
Third— Stand shoulder to shoulder In stress
and strife: to help bear each other's burdens
and perfect the bends of brotherhood.
Fourth — Endeavor to maintain industrial
peace by trade agreements with employers.
In my report to the last convention occa
sion was taken to call attention to what
was then apparent to but few, that we were
then confronted with an Impending: Industrial
reaction. It was stated that though the re
action was then not pronounced yet it was
Impending, and that if a wise course was
pursued by us the reaction could and would
be prevented from developing Jnto an In
dustrial crisis or panic. The Boston conven
tion, readily realizing the situation, promptly
adopted the suggestion made to meet and
overcome It; and the toilers. organized
and unorganized. responded In a man
ner that should cause; us not only
irreat irratlflcatlon. but should receive
the lasting- gratitude of all the people of our
entire country. The recommendations we
made to our fellow workers consisted of six
important features:
First—Organize, unite and federate.
Second— Have faith and confidence In them
selves and each other.
THE BOSTON' CONVENTION.
The average membership of our affiliated
unions upon which per capita tax has been
paid to the American Federation of Labor for
the year ending September 30, 1904, Is 1,670 •
COO. The average membership of our affiliated
unions upon which per capita tax was paid to
the Amerft-an Federation of Labor for the year
ending September 30. l»03. was 1.465,800.
W* shall no doubt be confronted with the
kfenfst opposition In the near future. There
are thos- who will not understand the purposes
of the organized labor movement and the good
work whu-h It is doing and which it can and
will do. and it therefore behooves us to de
vot» our attention and to concentrate our
efforts more largely in bringing to the atten
tion of the yet unorganized how necessary it
is for the protection of themselves and those
d^pend^nt upon them to secure and maintain
the vantage ground already trained, and not
only to save all from the inevitable downward
peth that leads from a lack of comprehensive
and united effort, but to secure and realize
the hefes and aspirations of the tolling masses.
Therefore, with unbounded faith In the ulti
mate triumph of our great cause, the logical
ar.d natural development of our great move
ment, we may all take on new obligations and
assume new vows to leave no effort untried
•which Fhall bring within the beneficent fold
o T the trade union movement the wage workers
the wealth producers of America, So lone
a« th»-re is a wrong- unrlichted, . or a right
dtnied to the people, so long Is there work
for the trade un'on movement to-do.
Despite the destructive purpose^ of labor's
antagonists I am in a position to report that
with the exception of a slight recession al
rtady indicated, there has been a sum total
of great gain in the membership of the or
ganizations affiliated to the American Federa
tion of Labor. From October 1. 1903, to Sep
tember 30. 1904, we Issued from the American
I-ederatlon of Labor the following charters:
International unions, 11; State federations 5;
central labor unions. 99; local trade unions
and federal labor unions, 32S; total. 443.
Eight of these international unions were
eiRanized by us from formerly affiliated char
tered local unions during the past year. A
number of international unions have become
amalgamated with other International unions
kindred to their trade. At the end of the
fiscal year. September 80, 1004. there were
affiliated w!th the American Federation of
Labor 120 International unions, consisting of
arrrcximately, 27.000 local unions of theii
respective trades and callings, 32 State federa
tions. Sd> central labor unions 1271 local
trade unions «nd federal labor unions; total.
ISSUE OF CHARTERS.
The wan-earners have come to realize that
their onlv hoi>e for the protection of their
material Interests In our time, the only op
portunities for the promotion of these ln
tert-s*- in the future, as well as the mainstay
for the rights and liberties In the present, to
which they and those who may lollow are
entitled, lie In unity, organization and federa
tion. And they have recognized, too, to a
greater extent than heretofore that their
cohesion during a period of industrial reaction
Is the enVctunl check upon the material de
terioration In their condition with all that that
Implies. To these reasons and causes, to
gether with greater intelligence and a fair con
ception of their rights, may be attributed the
almost infinitesimal decline In membership
within the recent past.
When it is borne in mind that the trade
union movement of America Is, comparatively
speaking, etill in Its infancy; when there 1»
taken into consideration the vast extend of
territory as well as the makeup of different
nationalities speaking foreign tongues, the
great development in industry and the con
centration of wealth, using its powers to pre
vent or crush out organizations; when all
these things are given due consideration, that
«<• have brought about any degree of fra
ternity and homogeneity should be counted to
our credit rather than to our detriment.
It is not necessary here to recount the ad
vantages which have been secured by our
movement In the interests of our fellow work
ers. Not only are our records of achieve
ments available to all, but the better results
in th« home, the more material Improvement
the social and moral advancement, as well as
political Independence, and the character and
manhood of our working people, are the best
attestation, demonstration and proof of the
etlorts. the work, the alms, methods and
ennobling purposes of our. movement.
Deals With History of Strikes
of a Year in the United States
Many Delegates Are Still to Be Seated
Before Work May Proceed.
SUBMITS CREDENTIALS
COMMITTEE REPORT.
TELLS OF CONVENTIONS
HELD AT BOSTON.
/\a many cities employers, antagonistic to
labor, have formed themselves Into so-called
citizens' alliances and have undertaken to prop
agate the policy of the destruction of organ
ized labor, their first effort being directed
to what they are pleased to term the "open
shop," and to attack the union shop under
the false assertion that It is a "closed shop."
In my last reoort I had occasion to give this
subject considerable attention. Since then
some have pretended that the entering Into an
agreement of an employer with a union by
which exclusively union men are to be em
ployed by him is in violation of law; that It
denies the right to employment of workmen
who are not members of the unions.
In the first instance the claim Is absurd
when It Is known that the union not only
opens wide Its doors, inviting all to Join, but
sends out its organizers and missionaries to
Induce by every honorable means within their
power the non-unionists to share In the ad
vantages that come from united and associated
effort. But quite apart from this consideration
is .this fact, that an employer may give a con
tmct to a. dealer to furnish him with raw ma
terial, or to erect a plant, or to furnish him
with machines, the contractor to have the ex
clusive right to furnish and provide these
things. Such a contract Implies and provides
the exclusion of all other dealers, builders, or
machinery manufacturers. Is such a contract
held to be Improper or unlawful? Are not
hundreds of thousands of contracts of this
character made daily? The agreement between
DISCUSSES OPEX SHOP.
The vantage position now occupied by labor
was not brought to it on a silver platter, but
was contended for and won by the unity of
the workers, by the burdens which they have
borne, and the sacrifices they have made.
More thorough organization, a greater willing
ness, to accumulate funds In the unions,- the
spirit of fraternity and solidarity, will bring
their own reward and the recognition not only
of employers but of the world. It may be
safely asserted that as a rule. In our time,
those who have no power to insist upon and
maintain their rights have no rights to main
tain.
Wealth and the combination of wealth are
the means and the power of the employers In
any difference or dispute with labor as to
the conditions of employment. Those possess
ing means and power yield little or nothing to
those of opposite interests, when the latter
possess little or no means or power to resist
oppression. We must come to realize what
a prominent newspaper recently frankly, even
If brutally, uttered, that "there is no senti
ment in business," and that "industrial plants
are not eleemosynary institutions." Altruism,
though more generally preached. Is not prac
ticed; and particularly does this apply in the
relations of employers to workers. Though we
may contend that ethical considerations should
enter into the discussion of the wage workers'
demands for a better return for their labor,
their rightful demand for a higher and a bet
ter life, we should all realize that the con
ception and desideratum In the Industrial prob
lem will receive a magnificent Impetus when
labor is better organized, federated and
equipped with means and power to enforce
Its rights.
We would abolish war, industrially as well
as internationally: but Its abolition must come,
and It will come from conscious' power. In
telligent and broader humanity. May the day
never come when peace Is proclaimed or main
tained because of the inanition of the work
ers. Peace, to be desirable, to be lasting,
advantageous and humane, must come from a
virile and Intelligent manhood. We want no
peace, and there never will be peace, found
ed upon the servility and degradation of the
workers.
But apart from strikes concretely considered
and the accumulation of funds with which to
win them when undertaken, there Is another
important side to this question to be con
sidered, and that Is, the maintenance of in
dustrial peace. It Is a condition for- which
wo may devoutly pray and work; but so long
as private greed or short-sighted, lnterestt
dominate the Judgment and actions of employ
ers. Just so ions- will strikes, or better still,
the preparedness of labor to strike, be the
determining factor to bring about industrial
peace on a more equitable basis, add to pre
vent an industrial rupture.
Of course, no one pretends or believes that
all strikes can be won. but that greater
victories will be won and fewer defeats will
occur when oxir unions have accumulated
funds not even our most rabid antagonists
will dispute. _
May I use tile homely phrase of saying that
we are not yet "out of the woods." and that
the advice and watchword should go forth
from this convention of the American Fed
eration of Labor to the tollers of our country
to resist by .every honorable and lawful means
at their command any and every attempt to
reduce wages. At the risk of criticism I re
peat last year's paraphrase that in the offer
of waere reductions it Is better to resist and
lose than not to resist at all. The resistance
will at least demonstrate that labor is an
equation and factor which must not be ig
nored In the material, economic. Industrial,
commercial and social affairs and welfare of
our people and our country.
During the past year some strikes occurred,
and among them some were lost; that is. they
were not crowned with the immediate success
for which they were inaugurated. And It is
not only Just, but timely, to say that each
of these failed of its object by reason of the
fact that the men did not profit by the
experience of others and take time by the
forelock. In times of Industrial tranquillity
and while they were employed they failed to
contribute Anything like commensurate dues In
their unions, andi to provide themselves with
the ammunition of industrial contest, a good
treasury. There was not one strike which
failed during the entire year but which the
leaders and management were confident could
and would have been crowned with victory if
but a good, round sum had been in the treas
uries of their organizations.
RESISTANCE IS URGED.
In considering this entire subject In its eco
nomic and social aspect, we dare not fall to
realize the difference- between resistance to
¦wage reductions and the movements for wage
advances during periods of Industrial reactions.
It Is a science becoming more generally un
derstood by labor to know when to strike and
when not to strike; to know for what to striTce
and for what not to strike. It Is said that
it is not wise to strike on a so-called "failing
market" It cannot however, successfully be
gainsaid that a strike or preparedness to strike
in resisting an offer of wa^e reduction will
prevent the market from falling still lower. It
may not be, and undoubtedly Is not, wise or
prudent to strike for ware advancement on a
downward industrial trend, yet it Is better
that even this economic error be committed
than a complacent acceptance of wage reduc
tions.
The results of labor's policy are our best Jus
tification, and even though contemporary com
ment may not generally accord us the credit
and commendation which are Justly our due,
we have the knowledge and satisfaction of the
lasting service and benefit which we have ren
dered our fellow man.
Fifth — The prospect for a revival In Indus
try and commerce In the future Is brighter, as
compared with any similar previous period.
Sixth— There U less acute feeling of unrest
among workmen and employers generally,
business men and all our people.
Seventh — There are more workmen and em
ployers in agreement and understanding.
Eighth — There is a more general . effort to
brin* about more rightful relations between
workmen and employers.
Ninth — There Is a better conception of the
rights and duties of man to man. a more gen
eral satisfaction among our people with the
present, and a more gratifying and hopeful
outlook for the future.
Fourth — The era of industrial stagnation, as
compared with former like conditions, has
been shortened.
la the present era.? Are all the dire experi
ences and sufferings of our people to go for
naucht? Should we permit Ignorant indiffer
ence on our part to make us culpable for a
repetition of the awful conditions which fol
lowed In the wake of the former mischievous
and wrongful course of our employers, or shall
we continue the course which we last year de
clared when we had the prescience to foresee
the danger with which we were threatened?
Organized labor then called a halt and de
clared the entire policy of wage 'reductions un
wise, wrongful and dangerous to the well be
ing of labor and of all our people.
We were fully aware that It would be Im
possible to prevent all wage reductions, but
we can view the result of our last year's
declaration of policy of resistance to wage re
ductions with satisfaction and pride. We can
challenge our critics and opponents to compare
the past year, when we were confronted with
an industrial reaction, with a year of similar
industrial situation, and It will demonstrate
beyond cavil or doubt that —
First — Wage reductions have been checked.
Second — Th« Industrial situation has not be
come acute, aa was the uniform course for
merly.
Third — Much idleness, poverty, suffering and
misery have been prevented.
If a policy of so-called Industrial form of. or
ganization be Justifiable and advantageous,
as against that of the trade union form, with
Its constant development, with changing condi
tions in industry, then an organization formed
a few months ago in San Antonio. Texas, is
the best expression and exponent of that no
tion for that organization sneers contemptu
ously at the organization of the different unton3
of the building trades, and styles Itself "The
United Brotherhood of Builders of America.
It denounces roundly the trade unions, and in
the usual language of the so-called Industrial
ists Invites to membership in the one organ
ization carpenters and plumbers, painters and
bricklayers plasterers and bridge and struc
tural iron workers, electrical workers and hod
carriers, building laborers and machinists, and
every man who is either directly or remotely
employed In the preparation of the material
for ft building or In the construction of the
building itself. It necessarily followa that if
such a form of organization Is most «dvan
tageous to the workmen employed In the build
ing trades it will apply with equal advantage
to all others. This Is the logical result of the
reasoning • of some of our mistaken fellow
trade unionists, who. with more enthusiasm
than clearness of vision, urge what they eu
phoneously call an Industrial form of organ
ization. ,,.
Our trade union movement, which deals with
conditions as they arise and takes advantage
of experience to turn it to the best account of
our fellow-workmen, may not be so alluring;
it may not bear the apparent glamour and dash
which some would have the labor movement
assume but ours is the movemerft of labor,
founded upon the historic development of the
tollers' associated effort; It battles In labor's
interests to-day, and is marshaling the forced
of united labor in Its regiments and bat
talions the better to defend, the better to
withstand, the better to maintain, the better
to clear the pathway for a safer and more
successful advance to-morrow and to-morrow.
The defense fund has been of vast benefit
to our directly affiliated unions, not only
In sustaining our members In any difficulty,
but particularly ir. preventing employers' at
tacks The realization that t*ie men of or
ganized labor have a defense fund which can
be concentrated upon any given point to pro
tect the rights and Interests of our fellow
workers hae had a palpable and beneficent
Experience has shown that our prcseat law
upon -this subject Is somewhat def«-.lve, nnd
which it has been neceesary by administrative
acts to overcome. I suggest, however, that
they be remedied by their legal enastnunt Into
our constitution, and therefore recommend the
adoption of changes and amendments. •
The union labels have been a source of great
advantage to labqr and to all people. The la
bel Is at once a guarantee and an assurance
that the conditions under which an article is
produced have been comparatively fairer and
better- • that the labor of children has not en
tered Into lt« production: that convict. Chi
nese sweat shop or other inferior labor is no
component part entering into the production of
the article; that the sanitary conditions at
tending Its production are of the highest or
der thus affording the friends of our move
ment the opportunity to sympathize with Its
purpose, as well as giving our own constitu
ent membership the opportunity of exercising
their powers • of patronage, that they may
give their material as well as their moral sup
port and encouragement. - * \.
In order that the best Information upon the
history philosophy and purposes of the union
label may be available to the uninformed and
the opponent, as well as to afford our own
membership the better opportunity to answer
the whys and .wherefore of .the union label,
the executive committee gave 'me power to of
fer prizes for the best three essays upon the
subject of the union label. Impartial examin
ation and • awards were made upon • the es
says submitted, the Judges being Henry W.
Sherman, general secretary of • the Brother
hood of Electrical Workers; Arthur E. Holder,
assistant editor of the International Associa
tion of Machinists' Journal, and Joseph M.
Johnson, then president of Columbia Typo
graphical Union No. 101. Th« Judges made the
following awards: First. prize. Walter Macar
thur -of '-San Francisco: second, prize, P. H.
Shevlln of- Cincinnati; third prize, Charles D.
No observing, experienced and faithful trade
unionist believes that a hard and fast rule of
Jurisdiction can bo proclaimed and enforced
which will apply with exactitude to all trade
unions alike. There are different conditions,
circumstances and environments in most in
stances and each must be approached, con
sidered and determined with particular refer
ence to Its immediate and kindred trade, oc
cupation and development
The Scranton convention appointed a special
committee, consisting of James Duncan. John
Mitchell. John Mulholland. T. M. Hughes and
myself, to consider and report^upon the ques*
tion of trade autonomy and Jurlsdictlonal dis
putes. The report of that committee was
unanimously adopted. Perhaps it was then.
bf it is now. the best expression of the Judg
ment of our movement upon these subjects,
and It is commended anew to your very serious
consideration. \ It stands out In significant con
trast to the logical disastrous consequences
which would result to the interests of labor
were It possible to Introduce what some are
pleased to term Industrialism.
UNITED BROTHERHOOD.
It also affords me pleasure to be enabled to
report to you that the effort to eliminate a
source of constant friction and conflict in the
carpentry trade will In a short time, I firmly
believe, be crowned with success. At our
recommendation the United Brotherhood of
Carpenters and Joiners of America and the-
American District of the Amalgamated Socletyi
of Carpenter* and Joiners submitted their mat
ters of difference to arbitration, selecting A.
Strasser as umpire. His award made pro
vision for a rational and advantageous form
of amalgamation, providing in the meantime
for a working agreement, which in the main
has been faithfully complied with. I am ad
vlyed that the United Brotherhood has in
structed its president to appoint a committee
to meet a like committee of the Amalgamated
Society for the purpose of arranging the de
tails of the amalgamation and to submit the
same to a referendum vote of the membership
of the brotherhood for ratification; that the
Amalgamated Society is now voting upon the
proposition, the highest authority in .that or
ganization having favorably recommended it
to the membership. If this be ratified and
amalgamation occur, which we earnestly hope
will be done,' one great source of contention
will have disappeared from labor's field of
usefulness. The matter is more fully covered
In the executive council's report. "
In several ca«-s, after conferences.' many
matters of Jurisdiction have been adjusted with
rood results to all parties concerned. A num
ber of the Jurisdlctlonal disputes which have
largely . occupied the attention of. former con
ventions, have. If possible, become still more
acute and have entailed upon your officers an
enormous amount' of work, expenditure of time
a* well as expense to the federation without
bringing a compensatory advantage to the
men or to the organizations engaged In such
controversies. .
Notwithstanding every effort to help In the
solution of the disputes relative to trade union
Jurisdiction much progress cannot be reported.
In the case of the International Association of
Allied Metal Mechanics and the other ma
chinery and metal trade unions, you will be
gratified, I. am sure, to be officially advised
that by a conciliatory spirit * manifested by
all directly interested an addition to the vol
untary self-effacement of the officers of the
allied metal mechanics, that International as
sociation, November 1, 1904, amalgamated with
and became part of the International Associa
tion of Machinists.
Union In Its effort to enforce the eight-hour
day, but that a special committee be appointed
by this convention to give the subject-matter
ter consideration; that the committee should
consult with the officers and representtives of
the International Typographical Union durln*
the convention and report thereto before ad
journment; that either that committee or an
other committee be authorized to be appointed
for the purpose of co-operating with the excu
tive council of the American Federation of La
bor and the officers of the Typographical Union,
so that he best possible aid can be rendered to
our fellow workers in the great movement that
they have undertaken and In which they have
the hopes, wishes, prayers, and co-operation
of every one interested In the welfare of the
human family and the progress and civilization
of our people.
Of course. In the effort to help one particular
organization, especially in the laudable purpose
it has mapped out for Itself to achieve, we
are not circumscribed or limited in our effort
to help any and all of our fellow •workmen
who are In a position to make any effort
for the advancement or promotion of their
Interests. We shall, therefore, welcome not
only the initiative of our fellow unionists to
obtain Improved conditions, and particularly
the Improved conditions that come from e.
shorter workday, but we shall be glad to help
In the Initiation of any movement that will
contribute in any way toward the protection,
the promotion of the conditions and Interests
of our fellow workmen, and to render them
every assistance within our power. ~
JURISDICTION TREATED.
These propositions were submitted to a ref
erendum vote of the membersnlp of the Inter
national Typographical Union. No official In
formation has'yet been given me as to the final
result of thfe vote. From Information received,
however, it is certain that the proposition has
been favorably decided. The membership at
the Fame time voted in favor of assessing
themselves to accumulate a defense fund in
the meantime, to stand the members in good
stead should necessity require them to enforce
their demands by a cessation of work.
The American Federation of Labor has been
of Incalculable benefit to a large number of
International unions and! local unions In the
introduction and enforcement of the eight-hour
workday, as attested by the. large number of
our fellows who now work under that rule.
Inasmuch as the International Typographical
Union has taken the initiative of its own ac
cord in the matter of Introducing and enforcing
the eight-hour'workday.- 1 submit for your con-
Eide'ratlon and recommend that this movement
of the International Typographical Union re
ceive the sincere and hearty Indorsement and
co-operation of this convention of the Ameri
can Federation of Labor, and of every union
member as well as every wage earner and
those who sympathize with practical, evolu
tionary, economic progress.
It Is not now known whether there will be
any contest against the eight-hour day;
whether any antagonistic action will be taken
by the employers to the men. We do know,
however, that at the last convention of the
employing printers of the United States, or
ganized under , the name of . the Typothetae,
a resolution was adopted declaring against that
movement. In any event. It seems clear to
me that every action should be taken by this
convention and by our organizations generally,
not only to pledge the support of the Ameri
can Federation of Labor and Its affiliated
unions to the International Typographical
Taking cognizance of the vast progress In
the development of the printing trade, the In
ternational Typographical Union at Its last
convention adopted a resolution declaring that
on January 1, 1900. a general eight-hour work
day shall be enforced. The effort' is to be
made to secure the co-operation of the printing
employers and to bring about the change by
mutual agreement.
PRINTERS' MOVEMENT.
It Is a matter of keen gratification to be
enabled to state that the labor movement of
Canada has advanced and is progressing, keep
ing full Dace with the movement of the re
ma'nder of fie American continent. At the
recent congress held in Montreal the officers
were enabled to report an increase In the
membership of the unions of IKKB over the
preceding year; that there waa then in exist
ence In Canada 1567 local unions. V,« have
continued the- salaried ,oixanixer. for Canada
exclusively and also-.tfee corps of volunteer
organizers and have contributed from our funds
the annual gTatot of *50o for. legislative pur
poses to the Dominion Trades and Lebor Con
gress. The congress, I have been advised, was
entirely harmonious and successful in Its work
and has honored us by electing as Its fra
ternal delegate Its former president and our
general orcanlzer. John A. Flett. .
In my lam report I took occasion to refer
to a number of detail matters in connection
with the labor movement of Canada affiliated
to that of the United States which, though
appropriate to-day, need not be . recounted
here, but simply referred to as a matter of
information and continuity. I am pleased to
add that the kindly and fraternal relations
heretofore existing have been cultivated to the
fullest and. If popsible. been more firmly
cemented. Let us hope and work to the end
that an time goes on, we may be heluful to
each other In every way to further the com
mon Interests of the workers of both countries.
The n«mber of unions in Porto Rico di
rectly affiliated to the American Federation
of Labor the first of the- year were 1 Insular
or State organization. 3 centrals, 7 locals,
making a total of 11. September 30. 19W. there
were affiliated 1 Insular or State organization,
4 centrals 38 locals, making a total of 43.
In addition to the above Organizer Igleslas
reports that forty- two locals were onwntzed
and attached to the international unions dur
ing the twelve months. A comparison of the
flcures and dates shows that a large majority
of these unions were organized after my visit
to Porto Rico. \
The people of Porto Rico are intensely
sympathetic with the institutions of our re
public and universally desire the recognition of
the principle* of equality with the sovereign
citizenship of the United States. These rights
they are eminently qualified to exercise; these
rights they are entitled to. and it should be
our aim to aid them in achieving them.
Porto Rico literally translated into English
words reads "Port of Riches," the name given
by a monarch of Spain. Now the misnomer
of their Island mocks the people In their grim
and grotesque misery.
I strongly urge that every effort be made,
not only by this convention, but also by every
union, union member and sympathizer, to
help to the very best of his ability the worthy
workers of Porto RJco to a realization of a
better and brighter day.
WORK OF ORGANIZING.
Tho union shop in no sense Involves a denial
of the right of every man to sell his labor as
he may see fit, nor the employer to hire such
labor. In fact, it is an affirmative to that
rtght. Employers have the lawful right to hire
any labor they may choose, but it does not give
them the right to impress workmen or to en
slave them, or to drag them Into a factory
on any terms the employer may choose to
grant as an expression of his •"kindliness."
Employers have the right to make contracts
for labor. This right carries with It, also, the
same rights of the workmen. It. therefore, fol
lows that If the workers have the right to sell
their labor as they see fit, they also have the
right NOT to sell It to employers, unless It
be. through the collective bargain of the union
shop. As an illustration. I recently asserted
that every man has the right to say, "'I will
not work for you unless you make a contract
with the union to which I belong and agree
to emrloy none but members of that union.
To claim that he may not say this Is equiva
lent to saying that he must sell his labor, not
as he sees fit. but as the employer sees fit.
Can any reasonable answer be made, or criti
cism indulged in, when employers find it to
their advantage to make a contract with a
reputable body of men to employ union labor
exclusively and thus eliminate the possibility
of strikes, disputes, factions and losses? To
this our opponents, the so-called citizens al
liances can make no answer. Their policy
consists of evasion and willful misrepresenta
tion of the alms and purposes of organized
labir of the collective bargain, of the working
agreement, of the union shop.
The open- shop cant and hypocrisy aim at
organized labor with the full knowledge that
it. and it alone, stands between the tollers
with those dependent upon them and the
greed and avarice that would force down the
conditions of labor to a bare subsistence,
lengthen the hours of daily toll and make the
home wretched and desolate.
The division and subdivision of labor and Its
specialization, brought about by Inventions of
machines and new tools of labor, have robbed
workmen of their power of individual freedom
of contract with their employers. Their only
opportunity for anything- . like fair or advan
tageous terms under which to sell their labor
Is in associating themselves with their fellow
workmen in making a collective bargain, a
working agreement; in other words, a union
and a contract by the union with employers
for their labor and the conditions under which
it shall be sold.
an employer and a union Is for members of
the union to furnish that employer with labor
of certain qualifications for a specific period
of time, the consideration being the payment
of stipulated wares as a minimum. That
others are by their own short-sighted policy
or Indifference excluded from the provisions
and benefits of such an agreement is their
own fault and against which they have neither
the legal nor the moral right to contend. •
The organized labor movement is the asso
ciated effort of more than two million of adult
wealth producers. It is the unselfish action
of the most lntellicent and the earnest mani
festation of the most enlightened self-interest
which seen that interest best served by help
ing to protect and promote the Interests of
others. ' .
THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL\ TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 15; 1904.
Urges Upon Followers That They Must Resist Reduction
of Wages by Lawful Means at Their Command.
Takes Notice of the Open Shop
In former periods when an Industrial reaction was manifest, em
ployers generally viewed the situation from their own Immediate
standpoint only, without regard to their own broad Interest or the
general good. Their first recourse was to that which to them seemed
the easiest course to continue the operation of their plants— to find
markets. They reduced wages. Reduction of wages followed In quick
order; the consuming power of the masses was curtailed and still more
'limited, pnt-niHng wholesale discharges of workmen who were formerly
employed In producing the things the masses, the workers, formerly
consumed, inducing and giving the further cause to still further cur
tailment of consumption and production and still more discharges of
workmen, until millions were unemployed, the wheels of Industry and
commerce paralyzed. •£;£'£&.
ASKS FOR STRONGER MEASURES
FOR EXCLUDING THE CHINESE
GOMPERS CRITICIZES EMPLOYERS.
GOMPERS MAKES REPORT
HEAD OF ORGANISATION REVIEWS WORK OF YEAR AND EXPRESSES OPINIONS STRONGLY
UPON GREAT VARIETY OF MATTERS, INCLUDING SUBJECT OF INCORPORATION OF UNIONS
3
To-Day's Events.
Convention in session nt Lyric
Hall, hiorninc j and afternoon.
'^^EVEXING^ ¦;
Mass-meeting in Oakland, to
be addressed by national dele-
gates.
Stationa'ry Firemen's smoker
to • representative delegates at
Shlcls Hall." 32 O'Farrell street.
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