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SCENES IN" THE CAPITAL CITT OF NEVADA T&AT ILLUSTRATE THE^ARCHI > TECTURE AND CHARACTER OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS THAT ARE ;HAND ,• SOMK? AND SUBSTANTIAL. _ ; -'^".-•.'\u25a0"\u25a0'\u25a0'\ ' \u25a0'\u25a0' Lv'^vv', l^ At Palisade ores are shipped !n from Eureka by the train load and taken to mills for treatment. An extensive ter ritory full of mineral Is found alons the roads in Eureka County, many mines being bullion producers, and others un developed..- Elko County, in the north east corner of Nevada, is rich in mines. White Pine County, reached by wagon roads from "Wells Station on the Cen tral Pacific Railroad, has scores 0* mwes.'gSBBMHB . . • At Humboldt immense bodies of sul phur are reached so pure that every blast. fires the mine. Three and a half nuiiion" pounds were shipped in 1902. Opposite the station a noble ranse of snow capped mountains have great bodies of ore. Millions have been taken out at different places, Unionville. The Sheba group and elsewhere. Battle Mountain Is one of the impor tant stations for the miner. There are many flourishing camps within a radius of a dozen miles," mostly poor men's camps, as they are called because they do not reuire large Investments to mine the ores and get 'them to the custom mills. ITC3IBOLr»T*S DEPOSITS. Humboldt County is said to contain every 1 metal known to science. Nickel, cobalt. . tin, zinc, bismuth, aluminum, come into Lovelock from the east, be sides borax, sulphur and many other products of the pick. On the road half "way between the nickel mines and the railroad lies a body jof magnetic iron which can be hammered out in a forge. It covers mlles-of mountain range and promises to become a great source, of wealth when opened up for shipment. In a book recently published by an thority of the Southern Pacific Com pany, a picturesque and truthful story is told that illustrates the wealth of minerals that have been found near Reno. The story is as follows ; "While the famous old mines at Vlr* ginia City. Austin. Eureka. Tuscarora and elsewhere are still being worked and still support substantial towns, there are -so many new camps showisg: up that interest centers in them. The history of some •of them is . veritable romance. One- within sight of Reno lies on a rounded hill which has been trodden over for forty years. An honest piano tuner named George Wede&tnd, who has spent the last half of bis lons life in Nevada, putting in every idle hour looking for gold, found metal in the dirt of the road below the present mine. He dug steadily day after day for five years and in 1900 turned up a shovelful of earth which felt different from the rest. It was assayed and showed 54335 S7 in gold and silver, and the vein proved both large and rich. He ship ped many car loads, never selling one load for less than SSSOO net and finally disposed of his rights to Governor John Sparks, who has erected mills and is shipping bullion steadily." At "Wadsworth the stages go north to a fine gold \u25a0 camp in , Ollnghouse, where a dozen mines are paying divi dends, and south, where silver, gold, soda, salt, copper and other valuable materials abound. .-.-,- Arrangements have been made for pumping the water from the Comstock mines and the expense will be borne jointly by a group of companies. All operations in this regard will be con ducted jointly and In the pursuance of a fixed and well matured plan, by, which economy of operation la secured. Many great discoveries may yet bo made in the lower levels of the Corn stock mines. Virginia City stands ready to be benefited by any futnra developments. WEDEKCTIVS DISCOVERT. Reno, in. addition to being the seat "of the University of Nevada, is a pros pective jobbing center for a largo ter ritory and it possesses ' many elements of future greatness by reason of its surroundings. Large transportation In ' terests have considered favorably a plan to give a trade territory, which can easily bo accomplished ' by ' the In stitution of what are known as graded railroad rates. Near Reno are valua ble mines that are yielding rich re tarns to their owners. Cattle raisins and the livestock industry 'generally bring in large sums annually. _ ,-' Reno is situated in, the "fertile val ley of the Truckeo and is surrounded on all sides by majestic mountains. It is the metropolis of Nevada. Beauti fully situated, its charms are enhanced by fine buildings and grounds \u25a0 and through it meanders the Trttckee River. The University of -Nevada is on an eminence in the northern : part :of the city. /' ' - * The preent banking and commercial connections of Reno are large. The city has had a. steady and rapid growth during the past few years and was,' in fact, the first Nevada city to have a business awakening. Its educational institufions ar«>**the chief pride of tha people. Social life in Reno is charm ing. ' The climate of Reno has made the city to some extent. - The air is clear jand bracing. The health of the resi dents Is excellent, a fact due to \u25a0 the existing conditions. Thtce are few disagreeable days in the year. The rainfall is slight. The sky ts almost always clear. The air is full of ozone and comfort and stimulus are in every \ breath. Pulmonary troubles are 'Un known. Asthma ceases In Reno air. Virginia City, Anstin; Eureka.' Tus carora and other places \u25a0In the State have made reputations' for ''the mineral "deposits 1 \u25a0* found • ~in tttelr respective, neighborhoods. Mines situated near "them" are still'payins' propositions. Vir ginla'.Clty "has a history \ alt its own. There the industries of the great boom period .the Comstock lode were fo cused. .// Other Localities Are in Line -of Progressi Comstock Revival Gives Virginia 1 Gity Hope, Reno Becomes a Strong Point - FINE FUTURE ASSURED RENO AND VIRGINIA Cnrttnved \u25a0 on s Pive . • The cattle industry is most Impor tant.'- - In .the Immediate valley dairying prevails, while the mountain ranges are filled .with 5 beef; cattle. 1> During .the summer months thousands of fine young cattle are c fattened '% on > these * natural meadows, I : where ! the i grass ;grows knee deep, 1 and t fresh* running 1 -i water flifi * al ways at hand. Miles of such range land is \ owned ]by ** the s cattlemen ( (osf s Nevada. An average of 30,000 cattle are fed every year a on .; the s ranges s immediately s sur r oundin s x Carson -Valley.', ". InH the | fall the choicest, are; driven i to market' and the remainder: fattened on alfalfa; There are r - about k the - same $ numb w i oorf r - sheep raised. yearly; farther; south' in.the val ley:?,':-,-;..'.,-* ;..,\u25a0....,-: „ -;/,- \u25a0•;.-.-\u25a0•-=.'•.:-.-.\u25a0..•.\u25a0> -- Nevada's alfalfa-fed beef and mutton command:; the - highest >.prices ;, in?*, the Eastern and^Westcrn 1 markets,- andare cldedly In. favor, of irrigation over, rain is that it may be regulated according to the v \u25a0 requirements - of ,-r each separate product., :. .-,.-\u25a0.\u25a0.\u25a0;:-,• v -.'--'\u25a0,'. -'-\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 ":\u25a0"".'\u25a0 \u25a0\u25a0'- 'ture. ; . There are ,< also £ several? good placer claims being worked at a profit. A number of copper properties have sus pended operations until^tthe * price of copper advances. Copper mining in this valley,; was quite a lively.iindaatry. I in years past,' when eopperiwas' worth the working. . It is hoped that. the markets will; justify a reopening; of these mines In ; the near. future. . . ;nt : '^" : £s£ Recent " developments ";\u25a0. in , this - section prove that | mining S has j now ! a | brighter outlook . than ever before."".:;.' Besides the Eastern capitalists who "fare ' investi gating properties .with ' a view to \u25a0; buy ing,', there , is . a : company of } valley, men operating a mine in the Pine Nut range. .They, haye ::\u25a0 an ± exceptionally , large • de posit of medium grade silver and lead ore. \ with, thousands of dollars'. worth of mineral in sight.-; An expert.raining,en gineer and; assay er has recently- handed in such a favorable report that upon his advice '.the *: machinery,, will Lbegin to move at once.- The corn-parry bas already vated acres, orchards heavy with fruit, sparkling streams of mountain water, embanked with willows and wild shrub bery, and modern homes surrounded with shade trees and . liowers. Almosi the entire valley is : under, cultivation and its apparent prosperity is_good to look* upon. Broad, green fields o,f wav ing grain in the.spring, busy Harvesters in the summer, sleek, grazins; cattle In the fall and a peaceful, well-earned rest in the winter. Such is the aspect of Douglas County,' a perfect model of a well regulated agricultural district. The unrivaled: prosperity of this growing community, is due to individual thrift and energy, a conservative expenditure of money and labor, and the naturally favored conditions and situation of the valley. A reliable water right is the most essential thing in a* country that depends upon artificial irrigation, ,'tind this section is. blessed with sufficient water for every . farmer. : It- la, a well known fact that not ; a . single \u25a0• farm 'is mortgaged; instead/every, man in the valley has money to burn. -. \u25a0 : .. . Alfalfa is the principal crop raised, over 500,000 . tons 1 being ; the average yearly yield. Three crops, are harvestec. each year, leaving excellent pasturag for cattle, in the fall and' winter. Thi average price of alfalfa hay is from $f to $10 a ton in the stack, and from $11 to $16 baled. The larger part of tin hay is baled for the market; the re mainder retained in the stack for homt consumption.". \u0084. .... . Wheat: comes next in line of impor tance... The grain |i 3 particularly large and. well' formed, commanding the Ugli est,: market price. . In " previous - years the : demand has been greater \u25a0 than the supply. j'.To prevent a repetition of this state : of ' affairs, , a great : deal .-' of. new land ii has i. been ' put -under cultivation this spring and planted to wheat. More wheat ? will be grown :; this - year 'than ever f In " the" history, of . the ; valley.\ The. Douglas County- Roller Mills, v operated near -; GartJnerville. - consume ; most oi the ;wheat grown, paying, the prevailing price».'-.',The best of flour and other, mill products v Js made there,* supplying, the demands of ,, - Douglas ;.\u25a0 County, t Ormsby County," Aurora, Bod io and' other mining districtsin the vicinity. Nearly enough wheat'andscornia grown by the neigh boring , farmers .-, to furnish the amount required) for use. in the milL;Oats,'bar ley,?' rye, s corn, potatoes, onions, \u25a0•, beets,' apples, pears, plums, peaches and small fruits-and vegetables * are 2 raisedrmost successfully. \ Potatoes- and aples from thiß.valley.iare particularly, sought'after. in Eastern 'markets. v : When: shipped.be yond 6 the 'Pacific Coast; they '-;\ bring v- a higher 'price, after ' deducting ; all; trans portation charges, than is 'ever ; paid at home for, similar produce.'- California dealers buy : Douglas - County * potatoes and apples and retail them for nearly double .the "iV rate -h for ithe choicest California fruits, which proves the superiority Oof * fruits j grown,; in -Ne vada •, over.-; those of ; any other -land: They are: larger, firmer, -better: flavored and keep' much longer v when 3 shipped than- fruits grown in* •warmer "climato where rain Is prevalent. One point de- - Experiments have recently been made along; these lines by extracting tannin oil- from sagebrush, as well as a sood quality of rubber. Hon. Thomas Wren the- late author of the "History of Ne vada," was the first to extract tannin oil from sagebrush, and it was of unusual strength. The leather tanned by this process was of almost velvet softness \u0084' Others have been experimenting for sqme time with sagebrush as a rubber producing plant. . Several '\u25a0 pounds \u25a0 of rubber has been secured " in this wav which has been pronounced by Eastern experts to be of a superior ' quality With proper appliances and canftJl i there U no. reason why tannin- oil and rubber cannot be manufactured herein paying quantities.: • , . c m One of the most important f ea f,ir.. of Carson Valley is, the DouglL C Ou^ty Creamery, in operation since 1893 it was organlied on the co-operative «i»« with forty fanners as stockholdersa^i a capital of $15 000. It- haa paJdiaXJ dividends ever since. .The creamery^!! ceives daily from its. numerous ,»,»,„ about "35,000 pounds of mUk f^ DS which 15.000 pounds of butter krV -r,l^ m The butter haa an enviabl^ rt£m^ a . deu for its purity, , being in Vftlt**^ l^ in California^ as • well as lnKmJiSS UU r L is also shipped to foreign coun^f; : U acconnt of Its \u25a0.keapteg^ UI S? t u <^ rl ? s on When Thomas Edison -was in Nevada, something: more than twenty-nve years asro, he was struck by the vast expanse of sagebrush, and remarked that the Lqrd never put so much or any one thing in a place without a definite object. Edison believed that some ons would eventually discover some com mercial quality in the sagebrush which would render it very valuable. - There are other valleys In Western Nevada •which have the same excellent soil and irrigation facilities guaranteed in Carson Valley. This, of course, is a new industry here, but when Its success has been once demonstrated there are many thousands. of acres' of land in Ne vada especially adapted to the culture of the sugar beet. It is understood that if this project . is : successfully carried out a sugar retlnery will be built on the ground. The soil of Carson Valley Is well adapted 'to beet raising-, and it is pro posed to colonize a portion of the Dang berg ranch by cutting it up into twenty acre tracts and bringing Eastern fami lies into the country to till the soiL The almost- perpetual sunshine of the sum mer months lias a great deal to do with the sucrose in the beet, and sunshine can always be depended upon here. It will require about $600,000 as an initial expense to set this project under way and this amount has already been pledged by an Eastern firm. $75,000. worth of property on the ground; including a mill and cyanide plant. These will start up as soon as a force of men can be secured and it ia expected that the output will be unu sually large. The ore on the dumps represents a fortune, , while a true fis sure vein of considerable width pro vides an almost unlimited deposit to be extracted as work progresses. I The beat from these mountains is yet to be ex tracted, and those interested in mines there at present are most sanguine over the prospects. The largest property under. one man agement is that owned by the Dangberg Land and Cattle Company. • At the pres ent time the company controls some thing over 55,000 acres, including farm ing lands and mountain ranges. A large portion : of this land is under cultiva tion, producing from four to five tons of alfalfa and • grass hay to the acre. This spring something like 10,000 ad ditional acres have been cleared of sagebrush -by the novel method of drowning it out Each year a con siderable amount of new land is put under cultivation in addition;to the already large farm.' The number ox cattle on the ranges ia increased pro portionately, the average yearly output being about 4000 head . Most of these _are shipped to Kentucky and other Eastern markets. BEET SUGAR CULTURE. considered 'equal, if not superior, to the corn-fed meats of the States east of the Rocky Mountains. , . Mining, has been carried on with various degrees ; of success ever since the early, discovery of . gold. Tho Pine Nut Mountains, forming the . southeast ern boundary of the valley, are partic ularly rich in gold. Many important mines are located here and in the past 'some ' exceptionally rich ore has been extracted. Tne richest mineral was found. ln pockets, though some fine per manent ledges have been uncovered anu are being developed at the present time. Eastern capitalists have been investi gating these properties this spring and it is reasonably expected that active operations will begin in the near.fu- CARSOX VALLEY. Carson Valley, Douglas County, is south of Carson City and extends thir ty-five miles to the snow capped moun tains that inclose the adjoining valley. The western peaks rise almost perpen dicularly from the level cultivated land to a height of from 10.000 to 12,000 feet and are gorgeous with their shimmering covering of snow during a greater por tion of the. year. From the deep snow packed ravines near the summit flow innumerable streams of clear, cold water, bounding with frantic haste over steep, rocky cliffs, reach the plain, there to .wend peacefully 'through the comfortable * farms, . bringing unbounded „ prosperity to.- all with in reach of their ever .valuable waters. The Carson Hirer * forms the main channel of this. natural irrigation system. It - runs \u25a0 lengthwise through the central portion of - the .valley, with two large forks branching -to the east and west. Thus water is available to nearly .all of the fertile soil.* « . ; This valley is most beautrfuL_ with its broad • expanse of level, catretrrfly cultV- an automobile has run between Carson and the springs for the benefit of its patrons. . Agriculture forms a major portion of the industries of the valley, the town being encircled with prosperous farms of varied sizes. Small fruits, apples, pears and plums are raised in abund ance, while potatoes, hay and grain form the principal crops. The soil is very productive, insuring a good yield from whatever may be planted, wheat, oats and barley and rye being raised without irrigation. . . , . \u25a0 . A company of enterprising men have recently secured 500 acres of land to the south of the city and are placing it under cultivation as rapidly as possible. The ground is being cleared, fenced and planted to grain. Deep wells are being bored for irrigation purposes and elec tric pumping plants will be installed. This experiment, which can hardly fail, will mean much to the State as well as the city, when its success is an estab lished fact and the ranch placed upon a paying basis. There are thousands of acres of land in Nevada lying idle for want of a sufficient water supply, and if It is demonstrated that pumping plants are practicable, Nevada's future will bo permanently assured. This applies par ticularly to land beyond the reach of the great Truckee irrigation canal and other natural water channels. A GOOD STOCK YEAR." Western Nevada as a favored locality for stock- raising. was ; never better il lustrated' when the winter of '90 broke every stockman in the section by its unwonted severity. Ninety-live per cent of the stock perished on the ranges and the loss was not fully realized un til the melting snows of the spring un covered their carcasses heaped in the ravines. There are few countries where such stockmen could- have recuperated from such wholesale losses, but the Ne vada stockman has the indomitable mountain spirit which docs not falter when fortune strikes bedrock. They were all up and doing • the following year and beginning to rebuild their fortunes. They are most of them bet ter tixed financially than ever and they believe in the Indian tradition that a really devastating winter only, strikes Nevada once in forty years and the next is not due for some time yet. Nevada has just passed through a very mild open, winter and with the wet spring the forago is thick upon the hills. The bunch grass seeded down splendidly and even the flinty, barren parts of the hills are mantled with lilleree. This last mentioned foragcplant is of recent growth in Nevada. It made its first appearance about ten* years ago ..; Nevada, its seeds having been brought across the mountains eitner by the high winds or possibly on the backs of sheep. The seeds of the. Spanish fodder plant, alnlltria. more commonly called "lil leree,"' has a number of little spiral shaped filaments which cause it to cling to anything with -which it comes in 1 contact. It seeds, down very rapidly and for the past ten years, from a few scatter ing plants, it has made its way steadily over the State, and now the hills, once so bare of vegetation, seem a congenial soil for this plant of tenacious growth. It does not attain the heavy growth which characterizes it in Mexico and Southern California, but it never/leaves a place where it has once taken root, and this year appears to have been very favorable to it. It furnishes very fat tening fall feed for stock of all kinds and they do not seem to care for it green. They relish it most when it 'is dried and withered. . Aliniirs in the. immediate vicinity, of Caraon is not carried on to any very, great extent. Several mines that were operated successfully in the past are closed at present, not being rich enough to compete with the wonderful discov eries, in Southern Nevada. The gutter of those mines has blinded all men to anything less astounding in richness nearer home." Situated about two miles northeast of Carson is Shaws Hot Springy, well known for tbe medicinal properties of its water. Several years agro the orig inal spring was destroyed by an earth quake. A second \u25a0 and better one was soon uncovered and the flow has been most satisfactory ever since. The water is highly mineralized, making- the bath an excellent cure for rheumatism and ti"iil&r afflictions. During- the last year The Stewart Institute, more common ly called the Indian school, is about three miles south of the city. This training school was established in Car son through the efforts of Senator Wil liam M. Stewart several years ago THE STEWART INSTITUTE. The Nevada State Prison is about two miles to the east of the town, at the foot of a mountain of almost solid rock. The ttone that was hewn from this nat ural quarry for the. State Capitol and other buildings left an excavation per fect in Us adaptability for a prison site. The buildings and walls are of stone" while the rocky mountain forms two sides of the inclosure. The new OrphamV Home has recently been completed and is -one of the finest buildings in the State. The city is very ably represented by two newspapers, the Morning Appeal and th«! Carson City News, an evening paper. The Appeal is the oldest paper in the State published continuously having- be*n established about 1564. The News has recently enlarged its plant and is now fully equipped to do all kinds of printing, bookbinding and ruling. Both offices make use of the linotype and electric motor. Electricity and gas are used In light ing the city. The electric power is gen erated at the Truckee River and reaches Carson via Reno and Virginia City. In many instances it is used as a power as well as for lighting- purposes. A new echoolhouse will be erected this summer. $25,000 having been set aside for that purpose. It will be built of stone and much larger and finer than The present building. The spiritual wel fare of the Carson itas is being well looked after by very able ministers of four denominations: Episcopalian, Pres byterian. Methodist and Catholic. Each church is prosperous anQ much good \u25a0work is' accomplished by them individ ually and collectively. The water Supply is from the natural springs of the Western Mountains. It is stored in large reservoirs and piped to the consumers. Purer, Better water cannot be found, making Carson a par ticularly healthy city. Artesian water is also used, as good flowing wells may be bored In any portion of the valley. The Government has had this water tested and pronounced it chemically pure. Near by is the United States Mint, long since dismantled of its money msking machinery. It is built of tftone In a handsome square design and is now used as an assay and bullion of lice..' jr The Federal or Government building, one of the most imposing structures, is built of brick. The United States Gov ernment appropriated $100,000 for it, and Carson has, as a result, a magnifl <*ent piece of property, of which any town might well be proud. It contains the United States court, land offices and the postoffice. It is surrounded by well cared for lawns. COVEa\ME.YT BUILDINGS. Kast of the Capitol is the State Print ing Office, made in the same style and the offices of the Superintendent of Pub lic Instruction and the State Engineer are also located in this building. The Capitol building: is located near the central portion of the town in a square containing four blocks. The grounds contain the band stand, in which charming concerts are rendered throughout the sumer by the Nevada State Band, one of the finest on the coast. The massive building- placed in the center of the lot is of stone from the prison, quarry and is at once sub stantial and ornamental in its archi tecture. It contains all the State of fices. State Library and Supreme Court room. The library, however, has out grown its erstwhile ample quarters and a new building has become necessary. The recent legislature appropriated $40,000 to meet this requirement and a rstone structure .will be erected this summer to be used as a. law library, leaving the old library for the miscel laneous books and reading-rooms. At present there are something more than •J O.OOO volumes in the library, 15,000 of which are law books. The city of Carson has been beauti fied in keeping with its surroundings and Is considered one of the finest towns on the coast from an. artistic point of view. It is the pride of its in habitants to have the town excel Its neighbors in attractiveness, and the re rnlt is most gratifying. The number of irult and shade trees, together with lawns and flowers growing about each residence, makes th« ensemble perfect- While the four distinct seasons are recurring excessive heat end cold are unknown. Sunstroke never, prostrates man or beast at their labors. Health is inevitably the rule under such climatic conditions, consumption or malaria never originating in this part of Ne vada. No dew or miasma arises at night and the inhabitants almost live out of doors during six months of the year. It is an ideal climate for the agriculturist or the invalid. Carson City, the capital of Nevada, is situated in Eagle Valley, most pictur esquely surrounded by the Sierra Ne vada Mountains. The southern peaks are snow-capped at all seasons, rival ing- in their rugged grandeur the world fa.rned Alps, while the western slopes are covered with majestic pines, man zanita. And chaparral, with just enough snow to intensify the deep, rich green. This. valley is 4500 feet above sea level, a mountain height, and owing to the altitude and dryness of the atmos 1 here possesses a wonderful clearness. Looking from Carson to the south, the valley stretches to a mountain range 'thirty-five miles away. Fifteen miles to the northeast is the famous Corasioek. and about the same distance in an opposite direction is the most pic turesque lake on the continent, Tahoe, which is now ranked as one of the p!easantcst resorts on the coast. The Comstock is not dead by any means, for Ophir is giving new ore bodies and paying dividends. An Eastern company is planning to drain the American Flat and revive the" South End mines". LUCY S. DAVIS Many Rich Farms Encircle State Capital. Surroundings Are Picturesque in a High Degree. Around It Center Many Important Interests. CARSON CITY FACES LOFTY SIERRA RANGE PROSPEROUS TOWNS AND CITIES THE ." SAN FRANCISCO CALU,: TUESDAY, MAY \u25a0 23, 1905. 18