The San Francisco call. [volume], June 16, 1907, Page 1, Image 1

About The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913

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The San Francisco Sunday Call.
Magazine Section Part I.
By Ruth.Berg
— M — HIS new life saving crew; puts
"I not forl!i to : sea In quest ot
I wrecked humanity; neither Csis
It brave the Itorrors ;of flame
wrapped buildings- It iiwaits^ncitljer
storm nor conflagration .• to- throw otit (
the life line, tut Instead, day by day;
with infinite patience :'lt- j^or
lives. Rale or shine, eojnnicf aßrrA-.'ti*-^
ter. those, tlrelsss; fighters /art yance
eteafilly In - ..their * uncompromising
straggle With' : . ''(fleaUi^Science.^ "whose
gulfilng star Ehe^;llgh^tf/jr; the-rescu
ers, has also provided ;thelr
Cor the spirit of "exactitude and- truth,
the epirlt of the microscope andi the
teat tube dominates this entire station.
It 1* the same Eplrit which' caused -tfte
treat Pasteur to labor with unceasing
hopefulness and T5T 5 ' 11 * 0^; enabled ; Itim
finally to conquer many; of the worst
diseases to which ' man Is heir. :
This r. ew Etaiton, aJpionecr on tli i s
coast. lls one of a .number scattered
throughout -the til viiized' world;" Italy.
Zinnia, Fraiice. < Madagascar,; and sonic
Cozen other countries, each has 'its lab-,
oratory for combating 1 the diseases
wfcJcfajfor 6O many.^centuries have
played fcavoo - with- human life. ' The
Suited States 'has. not' been stow%4h
realtxlnar the accompljshcO, and
for a number, of years New -York land
Chicago have had well equipped. In
stitutes where thousands of patients
are treated and " laboratorics^'wliero*
enormous quantities sof life «;* saying)
Ktnff Is prepared.' Hydropho'bia^riock^"
jatr, bubonic pla&ue. serpent venom,
and lastly,' but^most*lmppVtant,'^diph
theria are In the lists* "of corniuejetj,
foee. One by one theyHa^e \u25a0gcmgj&w&ri:
before tli^unf altering .^iptcrmlgiaUan joi,
the scientists. 'NoW.- ifc Is Jthat»*tlirs<i
pioneers, appreciating' ; tile * moderation
of Cai f fornla's ' cliujate j and ,*taklng^ ad--'
vantage ' oC tJie /&erm--frec,,bfce2C3_
which K^vecp \u25a0In 'from the cold
waters of tne 'broad^Paiclfic' have es-'
lablislicd their, laboratory,,: on A " the 'cast-'
crn shoro'ot SanFranciscO'bay.j \u2666.>-.-.
In West Berkeley,* just : opposite ) the
Golden Gate, 't)ie' 'separate if'white'ib'uild^
ings which iiouse the workers andltheir
equipment look for all' the.w orld? likn
pretty cottages, surrounded, as^they'are,
with say, flowering* shrubs "and Vrccil
kept paths. Closer. Investlsatlori'joC the
premises reveals? that' awe* Inspiring
ImmaculatVnrsK which one; can. llnd no
where e!f<s except . In; hospital \u25a0\u25a0 operat
ing roon«s." am] uiio ' slop inside^ the
doors of any «'j£ " t!ie ; bulldings v is ' all
that is n<H.-< i ssa''y«toconvinee'the, visitor
that all things within- are docidcoly
antiseptic' Tluj spotless ; walls *an'l
floors, tlie'risrid ".exclusion of any orna-'
mentation, the lack off odor, -which •we
have come to know is the 'surest .'sign
of cleanliness; "all these
place where trained; bacteriologists
diagnose and- investigate -'contagious
and Infections diseases;, of malt r and
animal. r -- • : -, .-
A Model "Poison -Farm" -
• The premises/are iargeiiandUhcjplan;
of having:- eeparate. Isolated buildings
lor each class of. work Is~followcd, thus
eliminating any possible i risk* of ; con
tamination. " The barns^ where "the : ani
nials;uscd r for;tesiingspurposesrandlfor
the manufacture bf^vaccinea and serums
are « housed » are iat• a ; distance ;; from ° the
main laboratory :^buildings^/'.Updn \en-\
terlns - the - stables^ where: the ] s horses
\u25a0which furnish the-supply; of antitoxin
6erum are'; kepC one Is Immediately.' at-J
tracted by* the large and • well
stalls. \u25a0'',; The • general * health ,'of I thVi an I
xnals is watched over; with the; greatest
care and "each - horse \u25a0 Is I given; as ; much
ftttpntinn as- is : the tnatlent^ in ; a-' sick
wafd. To chi.ld; visitors! the .hordes of
gruinca v pig 3 afford the. most interest
and amusement. Eyery^shade and Viiapc:
fc.r.cnrri "to" guinea piprJom sccrsis* to
squirm -"around ' and alK*it within, \.lm
Wired pens, ' appetites
constantly,, dema'adiag-f j-esh supplies/
f Though : there, are .fa number of :dif-
r £erent • scrums -tvnd; vaccines produced
kV- the Cutter laboratory, the j~rca.te.st.
space r and? attention* "has*; bciri gi vcri ;to
diphtl:<?rla^ antitoxin. There are feV.
to jwli'om : tlienam'e of itho^discase ',ls *'i: n-'
XfsociatcdVwUh .dread,- "for \u25a0.'pidr; 'anil*
s'ourif , ; - rich \u25a0 and '; poor,' . arc i afifeel' sus- 1
ceptfble to: lts ' infection! ''X'i^'-}} I^'/S^ ?
.Probably^ls^a^yjry'.an-',
•dent- disorder.'- Hirsch'refcris^to' a^dis-'
.-which. Is .-spoken", of;in "the I Talmud Tand'
in. the" Hippocratlc - cdilection;.;; Later
Greek medical .writers inake^'mention ' »i.
a throat ;aCfect!on*Trnlch , : .inay.;l»el <x\'A\
'.^? a . 11 * r /"5 : ?rV al ?*JV» ! CFS;*r*?<i I 'as ..diphtljrt
rla. -3n medieval and rocent'times'thero
are' numerous. accounts ' from -\u25a0[ nianyl
P^rtsyof the*worl<J i'.'of epl'dcmic3 r of ,'iiia-'
ll^"^ 1 sore throat," and there seems'-no'
good '.reason : doubt' that imany j o£ 1
\u25a0 ihVse \u25a0were'epldemics of vi^
' wasliiot,'- however,- until* tho* early, "part
- of I the -'nlneteentk 7 century <± that tha
true,*; specific .'character ;\6f ' fllphthcrla'
'was^recogmized • and 'established, ' 'niai lily;
Jry^ the'labors. of -physiclaii;
Bretqnneau^w-ho' published"jils' treatise
in" 182r.*>The "bacillus"- associated - with;
\u25a0the^lseaserwa's first dcfecrrDed'W^'lebs
t inUBS2l'and,was Tirst cultLv'atcd •by-L.of^
* 'Iter^ )]*y§ ? *:, ' ",. Te !i 'y ea rt « hit £ r^thel;'s*e-.'
rum" - r tfcatmcn t of diphtheria* was fln^
troduced. r; ""-. - - V-Zfr*? s ; vf ' *
.v ~ : t J! ,s-'\ ,' t -»,-' -» ~ '\u25a0. \u25a0 - - '\u25a0 - -•'"." \u25a0'.':"
No^Accident^l Discovery, *• , ',;"
: John Fiske lias- said thatuhe Mllscbv-1
ol:y of Anieriea took a cenlufy~so'.tijati
tiii ;disjcovVry ;of ,a npjiv treatment >'oZ
Oilitit^rial^as hoi xi' uyAtt^rjoty&iic'.v
liorfths alone, but was the crowning? re-'
sult .vf B v\vurk which had been ' carried
on in the laboratories for; over TO years.,
It'w^s not'^an accidental discove"ry,*l!k«:
that; of' vaccination ,l>y Jenner, • but '.tlia 1
logical of .a Ion? series of ;6b-::; 6b- : :
servations "and 'esperlments, all necesj
sary- to ~the[ : fthal /result.- This was ac-'
compllslied" through ;the labors of 'many;
Independent'! workers, 'cm braci n g^somo :
of jthe^ablest andUbcst trained • scientiflo
raindsin*the :world. r :- '-'-^ :- f:l -'< \u25a0_'-'\u25a0 -^':'J: ,I
arc practically, new \u25a0'agenjts','
for ' the^.cure -of ;_ germ"^ dis'eascs^'They '
were unkjiow.n-before^SSOi^wh^^Beh- '
rlngr, ' a - German,*, and tasato; fa* JiVp-*
ajnyscr^wbrked^ou^.^u'elrXproduc^ipiii'^.
Since. <the,n.;se yeraKGcrman i andiFf encix;
bacterioloslsis *• en larked -.upon 'itheTwofltf*
of Tth"cic j i>ioncers! nii^c nl>out" flveTvears'
later, aftccranumrrienfo amount t of, lab-,
boratoVK exjtcrinientation; a-/few^ anti-.
;toxinfe;wcrc^pcff«cted,"!. the.inoFtlimßor-^
(taht; of which is^'diplUheria antitoxi hr-
For.'the 'itpastV f ew, years ,'Arilcrican '.'< and'
, European 'laboratories. :.foll6wins7,the<
methods "of \u2666 these workers.} have; been'
able : to'; pfoduce'.'d tp'hthcrta' a"nti tox In in •;
its * highest;-, potenej-.; " The \u25a0\u25a0- method^Sof;
production is\ simple. \u25a0_ yet requires -the c
most carefui' attention to Octails:' lt!i-i :
nothing but .the 'serum of. hordes' * bloods
contain|nff.a/Fpb"tauee which, wlll{ncu-;
tf aline oil^irotcctaKCiinstilher'oi^oir or"
toxin? m-ifjiliic^d'.ltyVthe id lphllieria Kcr'm.'
It is nut; a- lncdichie- in v an.v.-i ; cnstt;;<»f \u25a0
\u25a0 •-.?'\u25a0 \u0084<. ,- ;. . . . - .- %.\u25a0 *\u25a0._' ; ».\u25a0\u25a0-.• \u0084._.y \u25a0 v-" j^
the \u25a0 wor«i and- there* is>no secrecy s in* itsf
prcdHcUon'. ' :. / '\ " 1 • ' '{
**Tol YrliUe' diphtheria' a"ntitoxinHiti?is}
->-.- i.v.-..» i.-i.'o- -..?„» -..\u25a0«.v.-r*.«.---r.v-!t^..v r.;j \u25a0-<•\u25a0> \u0084-J
first. neccssaryl to tecure: ai pure* culture '
of^ the; diphtheria s ; germ." ' S.uch^culture \
may : be r made,ffom % ; the. throat of a per-*
\u25a0Boht^rck*rwltht'ttie>dlselLse'*^or^lmay^be]
obtained . from somo; American or ifoV;]:
eig^n laboratory/making; antitoxin. 'XJTJie%
next EtepMs'to; produce Borne diphtheria^
toxin, whiAt Ms produced by. growlns'l
SAN FRANCISCO
prepared^tecf.* tea" or boulHonlfnfsult
.nbltj; flasks. /.This bouillon lsicultc^lik*
-that made Vat* horn» 'or served r lti : res- ;
taurantc: |^ \ s'mall^quantltyr*«if v the'
' germs 'is* deposited* on* ". .'the? surfaceijLof 1
;tne f SbpuJuion Jand<ithe flasks are.put^inv
on-incubatbr/VhichVis-kcpt^uriifolrrnly.'
at tho ite^mpcraturejof th« : human^bod>\i;
In} a A'dV^o^'t^^.t^eJ^nU^^i^aw^is}'
; coycfed*by 4 4ttie-i multiplied.^growth vote
, ; ithe'i germs? and ? byjihe fend *of * a Vweeic"?
lit! has I become [al thick .white; 1 tenacious I
mombranelike:, growth.. This .surfaoet
ls" : r exactly -like' ''tho ;whito:
'or n " in*- tlie : throat fof^
1 aj, person';^ick/.3vllJ^^ilpHt^^^ss^^^Mu|
other, words, we have: a- <ty pi carcase toff
;tru«dlpbtherla"in eacli flask.' The igefiwsf
! •WWI93 groTirlng * on ? tho , ot." $ho?
.-,-. : ,w,. >--.i . .--\u25a0;• \u0084 , v . f-vi>*^. *-y \u25a0 r;'.-.-' »:.•\u25a0\u25a0.\u25a0.\u25a0\u25a0 \u25a0.'\u25a0-J-, i?-i, .A'--.
boutllonitake it'in as a fopd,and? secrctai
;productsLth*t;are'poi9ondus.i.ThejbounxJ
;-lon ,;>bcco!iics inore \u25a0•\u25a0*©r *\u25a0• Iftss -\u25a0 saturated \u25a0
\u25a0;with these poisonsjand 'this igpnlutu^sl
i the so-called- dlphthcriaAoxin»*Aji iex^T
\u25a0actly^ similar spro<ses3^,takeBl*placellnl
Uhelthroat of 'a'personf slcfclwithfdipli^
; theria. sThe \ germ»,multlplles,iprodu<»Jlj
whitish*patcheaio»|thejs«irfaceiOfsthe*
f throat and > sot? produces g a <*; toxin or f
; poison >,whlch"ilBTabBorbed^ Into \u25a0 ; the; sys^k
afters having/, been ?inaae*lsr,usedltolin-l
\u0084the I antifj;