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Woodbury S. Brintnall ASK. any man who Is really fa miliar with the inside working of roulette wheels, and other similar gambling prices what the chances are of winning, what sys .tem to follow in order to win, what percentage to play, and you will . note the contemptuous, half pitying smllr and a shrug of the shoulders that is eloduent beyond words. SIS Once men were content to satisfy their inherent craving for gaming by simple contests of skill, but that time has passed, and now the most intricate of devices are employed in combination with gambling machines especially de signed for the purpose of gratifying the seemingly insatiable desire of all humanity to take a chance. SFrorn the simple looking little table on which reposes the ordinary and fa miliar stationary wheel having a re volving arrow and operated by the plausible street faker on city corners, to tlfe beautifully inlaid and orna mented wheels of fortune presided over by befrocked individuals of suave address and easy manner, in gilded palaces, one and all are alike— all ara capable of being manipulated, and the majority In operation, like the men who run them, are crooked. In every great city, sometimes in the rear rooms of out of the way places, again under the very eyes of the law, (Tames of chance are conducted and are patronized by men in all walks of life, who. notwithstanding the certain fact that the proprietors must win . more than they lose in order to continue their game, are Invariably certain that i they have , a system that will beat it. Day after day these men watch the kaleidoscopic merging of colors as the wheel is swiftly revolved, witness with bated breath and momentary elation the gradual stopping of the arrow over the number and color they have played their money on, only to see it come to a dead stop, perhaps but a hair's breadth away from the number chosen, yet sufficiently far away to prevent a winning. Occasionally a man wins but to . spend the amount gained and more before he quits the play. There is little difference In the char acter of the machine, whether it be •ne which yon- play for cigars,'. for which purpose counter machines are \u25a0renerally employed, the mechanisms •f which are -exoeedlnx simple, or* the elaborate aJtalrs of polished metal and plate class, patterned' after the roulette wheels, which pay amounts of money. ranging; from 10 cents to $50. All are alike In that every one is fixed to pay a certain percentage and that percent age is always in favor of the owner. furthermore, the greater number are known to' the initiated as crooked; and without exception roulette wheels and ether devices of like character beiong to the latter class. All are looked nson with suspicion. The writer . has secured the confes sions of two men who for. years have exerted their remarkable tnvenuve ffenius. combined with a thorough knowledge : ' of "mechanics and - elec tricity, in producing all manner " of rambling paraphernalia.* In talking with these men two facts are eloquent tn their statexs»xts, their oomplete and pertCrte ' knowledge of . the . crookedness, the otter fraud employed in the manipulation of gambling devices in general, and their absolute distrust of the gambling fraternity, as a whole. " Learning by bitter and costly experi ence never to place" any.: trust. in ' the men who came' to them with; flattering offers and promises effective on t*e? outcome of some particularly , difficult proposition instructed to their care, payment; was .invariably ' demanded in' advance of the. completion of .the work. Irrespective of . the c amount : of money, promised when the" machine should be wo r king. . Prior to April, 1806, the firm con sisting of these two- men,' father and •on. had In all probability the finest equipped machine ship "in San,- Fran-^ clsco. and owing to , the peculiar nature of much of the work' produced, neces sitating specially designed machines and tools, the loss to '; the ' firm . through are . was sueh r as \u25a0 to^ virtually; make *t ' impossible ", to . carry *on - the .business again, at least' for years to 'come. * Up to-tbe time named * the? firm ""derived *an y \u25a0\u25a0\u25a0. enormous revenue irom gammers throughout 'the. country. "Take it to old man— — -'s place; If they can't do it nobody can," became an - everyday saying among .the men who operate gambling devices. 'For years the firm enjoyed practically a monopoly in the manufacture of fake gambling devices of; every, description. This firms-s hop became a rendezvous for professional gamblers \u0084 and race track. * men, - whose : suggestions'^ and ideas they embodied In tangible form.,'.. I Parts 'qt machines were so' altered as to enable them : to be. manipulated- by unseen ' forces '• arid V: agents. • Repairs were made on others -manufactured by different concerns elsewhere Mn the country, and all ~ were found .to be . crooked in a lesser or greater decree. "But withal, so • cleverly , rras the werk done that no suspicion attached to the machines, nor in the minds of many \u25a0is there any: today, for the -man who plays the ; roulette wheel and almost but' not quite: wins merely imagines the system ho has evolved to be at fault and seldom blames the machine. .The firm \u25a0\u25a0 referred •. to : employed only the most . skillful workmen; many; of themi were~ Frenchmen and Oennans; all. were; experts.:; \ Machines ;; were built, to order and shipped to New Tork, PI ttsburg, Cin cinnati. Chicago, SL I*ouls, Galveston, Phoenix. Nome,/ and i were l even trans ported and pltced in commission In foreign lands.' In not a single Instance were they.; legitimate, .J but \u0084; in every case crooked. : Invariably they were so arranged as - to : pay *a ; fixed . percentage in favor >of the owner, ' and ; always a heavy one." Sometimes r the manipula tion was accomplished : by the : means of hidden- mechanism,- , : the ' operation . of whtok ' was' j actuated . ' automatically, again by means of hidden electrical de vices controlled ! by carefully.' concealed switches. ' ' :;.'\u25a0 ; - -:.:- \u25a0".->.:\u25a0 \u25a0; . • - -.;.- \u25a0>... v *On * the corner of 1 Broadway \u25a0 and • an other street in Berkeley there is a little square - bungalow. \u25a0'-. i- There : Is nothing, about the ; outside 'of the ' place ' to suggest otherj than- passing Interest, - but the:lnterlor, of *the; home Is quite as interesting , as \u25a0 the : occupant himself : He is T the c former,; ; head ' of : the firm which i made Z. gaming, ?, machines.^ Call - him: Jones.'; There are most surprising thing* about thatlllttle- houxe; disap pearing \u25a0 beds j. that I fold into the * wall," in ; some, unaccountable s manner, and an innumerable'number;of .handy," original = sort of contrivances, all of which have emanated . from Jones', mind,*; to' the evi dent satisfaction of his wife. In the basementlis r a^gas!englne;which';drlves several shafts,. operating: an , altogether ; remarkable": amount iof S machinery." - : Ixu- • cldentally.^; Mrs.^ Jones/churn and ; sew ing, machine are made to Lwork : without : labor through "this" same "small' eas; engine.': ' y \u25a0:- \u25a0. . -\u25a0.\u25a0.\u25a0•/\u25a0\u25a0• ;\u25a0,*..; ; I*' To Btate^what; Jones -has VdoneVis'to tell; what he is;a : keen minded. man' far* ebove the average mechanic '.There ils a quiet . determinations about * his 5 m«a MORE ABOUT THE CROOKED MACHINERY OF GAMBLING ncr, a certain reserve that bespeaks the trained mind! with; years' of .1 talked \vrith ; him one morning while he made pVhcir drawings "of i the * gam bling devices ; appearing! on? this? page, meanwhile ~i explaining ? the^detalls/" : ?. - There is no question. -In: the? mind 'of Mr." Jones "-"concerning ith«^ futility Jof playing a ; system v to;, win' ' in j roulette. 1 nor does; he hesitate £ to , say." that the man Is ; a\ f ool\; who * plays i the \u25a0". roulette wheel- in- the f that -helcan^wln.'p 1 ? v* Qam biers [operating^ such 1 : devices ' are, according to Jones, unconvicted crooks wearing stripes in their shirt fronts in- \ flteaa or on their . batcks.^ His aavtce.w *ny;^one <j. who J thinks .- otherwise if *to have a guardian appointed immediately. ?Ji Bntirely|a«lde '5 1 rom'iJ; the ?£ f»et %i that through !! r ' somewhat Ss peculiar! business relations ivitft the gambling fraternity Jones Is certainly In a position to know .dennitel jr;iWhsr«of i h«) speaks,! ths cor : recthess ;': of 5 his k tlsws^ oas &bs s deter mined '• by even ' a cursory glance [ at i the gambling devices 1 pictured i herewith. ; v The I number yipt^ different .forms s ot ; garablln g I machines] and devices fin 1 ex istence is almost beyond; estimate 'and there^ varefsoS nianyjj type* £of .4 roulette wheels \as toj make ] the \ enumeration of ; them difficult, bu t all are I bull t'* on the same ; principleriaThs g flr«t ?ri twoMy pes Illustrated gln| this $ page j are;; the I ones : more commonly }% tn f gamblin« , halls ; and Iso called I clubs, although in the [strict! sensslofithslwordltWlar* not i roulette! wheels;;-"-' iFiThe * morel f imlliari one rls I that ' *sh©wa ' mi the ! firsts illustration 7 and ; in 5 many;re-r •pects 1 itldlffcrs | bat? ltttl«] fromlth«told ; blere wio^frsquentsd ji th«V palaUal ! H^Hlßßfl^BßßlßßflS^saßsSßEs^^S^D^^^B^^Bl^^S^Hmsri^Si^saMfiMc^MT^E » exeamer* •» the SCissiastppl ' river r—s* I ii > m4fo.rf^rr^v:,:v< :.:-.>:. *\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0': ;ViV \u25a0\u25a0v-:p\:'-£ -\: \u25a0> : Ordinarily the table «»ed for the pwp-j ': pose is mbst i, subataaMally bailt f re-' > jauently •on • exceedingly graceful , line*. .Thetpp is made either, round or square and the diameter of the olrole. known ,>\u25a0 tho wb.el is MttaU»:lMnehe*; ; This circle or wheel Is divided inte 18 oum- I berei gti&fma&i blaak.;ao4Um»4e flush'.wtthlthemu k2%§3£&^ ' v : \u25a0:•"•- ' . r-, ;K^The j topi ef s trtls'^^twMalOw I |wheel^andStheltable£«d«eiiit|divWed| g into I equal ! twhich , ar e in - turn * | subdivided black. •--\u25a0-- r \u25a0-- P" f Slnljths |eenter,-'of . ithe r wheels ai> metal 1 mtow.^ made %*s% revol yVC freely. H on fat pivot.l ll l raised |tbl aj sufflcient & hel ght 1 |tof psrmitl its Itouehins; j s>i line Xof f metal | |pinsfencirt4lnK|thtl»dtf«4Tb«7plns ! arel an infchj in -and oneUsplaced^in' |theTcenter|ofreachls«ct!on£Onstheledgel h I the "arrow • and - Ss^? t J .* r * OT »« integral piece and imtyjMi with the ;: utmost 'ease, : .thereby, permitting the closest of scru tlny of the exposed \u25a0 bearing, the ! device t* Islonsl of xths "i easlst ind f its ?i crookedness) the * hardest to Vdetect. "! .' ;tSiTb» i moat powerful i factor ; known In % •aechanlcs,' the -\u25a0 inclined "plane, • is I brought 1 Into \ use * In '; this machine 1 and the '^ method "employed ; in "controlling the fplayi because off: lts trsry; simplicity islsuch jaa \ to 1 defy I detection i In I almost •veryi; Instance. . 'A' ; hole ?is \ bored * from the); middle ! j of ?the;f edge of v the £ table top ' to the bearing \ ln> which? the 'spin-; „ dlel>.works^ In^turnr connecting vwith I the corner.^ of the 1 table '•\u25a0 and I extending % a-1 short |dlstance .V down % the J Ug:<" steel <» rods) haying 5 beveled % ends * are <-. then*; in^ -serted. "care -being ;> taken to :, provide against excessive ' play."* The " manTcon-" I pressure^of I his S knee |oause sends ! . of the successive rods to engage, each j lenffth< forcing the one ; ahead' the ' frao-'f rao-' I tlon lot i an inch, which [i»> entirely; suf- L I flclen t to 1 transmit Tthe pressure exerted and stop the arrow at any point desired fbysthe^operator."P-, \u25a0':-,..:\u25a0'\u25a0:».•-:- \u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0^v-:^ : ; i>The [diameter! of , ta« \u25a0 bearing scarcely •y^p^exceedßlthreft^eigrhthsrofr^jnch, frtvieiitlyilt! lafeyihi Ifcis^ and [always Is ?, of S sufficient $ depth 'i to % prevent^ tjie •adJoflthtfi-od^beinigiteensbyliitiylln auliltlva penoa who t might 1 feel ? callad upon|tOtearryi6a£ an 'investigation; a s Asia^furtherjprecautlon,tanysdetoc tloa^ is I mad«|yrlrtually| Impowlbl^ by «»• imanTnacturer^who.'-atf ter « inserting »1 rod I inK al hdle \ previouslyjetrilledS In th«" side; s proceeds I toYnil I the :<enter i of thel bearing^Wlth?Babb!t s metal,* 5 ? which 1«1 mter^drllled E out.^ leaving ?| the'S ln «lde; surf ace "p«rf»otly smooth, io uhat there ; Is ; absolutely no iladlcation [of ; the presenc«fpfjth«|rod|ln|thef completed machine. . \u25a0. \u25a0' :•". -*:"-> v ;- "^ ; -:\u25a0-\u25a0--*-•\u25a0\u25a0 >. -; Money| ls\ wagered '[i on ; the i different numbers and r colors^on" a -wheel of Uhis Oharacter^ and tjbecausel of | its i simple ' cpnstrueUon Rthei men ! whof playjj tt |be Tribal Traditions of the Indian S" EARCHING among \u25a0 dusty, record? - I found the .transcript of tha last Indian murder case^ tried In Mari .- posa . coun ty. Ht ' is_ dated ;" September, 1S?O, ,17 years ago. Hon! John M. Cor - eoran,' judge. ' Two Indians had killed a medicine i man: whom : they believed : lnstrumental ' injdolng : away, with four : captains and "other imporUnt'members of thelr'trlbe. • one of : the deceased being Baptista. - their last hereditary chief. The case was attest' The Indians claiming the act a tribal rite, en obligation \ imposed upon male. relatives of one stricken; by the = doctor's \u25a0 "stuff," ' insisted that U the ... matter, should . be left entirely to them ' selves and, not tried , by apaleface Jury , Incapable of : comprehending , their tra ditions.':'^HßCStfßfl9BßßHVwHHß they; eo'nvlcted. re • eel vin g a sentence so severe that, while % prlor^to ;this their troubles had been a great '\u25a0- expense ,\u25a0 to ;.the county, since •they; have been virtually iunknown. .^Before /the ;deed ; one iof : the defendants asked : District 'Attorney 18.8. Stolder what the.whlte men, would \u25a0do should he follow, the mandats of hl3 fHank you,". wasTthe reply. . cVjJThey^do > not ido that "way, down -In t Fresho,"c the Indian* said. "Indian *doo- I killed \ down" there and white men \u25a0 do : n oth In g." , ;. Hi the *> law :is "different In thir ;. county.'i I Mr.' Stolder ;• answered laugh ing.~ "If jyouvdoit^you will certainly berhanged or: •entUo the \u25a0 lUU prison ifor;llfe.'*" v >.. v. ;• -*:^ \u25a0\u25a0 : " : '' rwThree."; moons later,' . where pine * and . '\u25a0 fir trees ; mingle I and - maples • cast quiv ering- shadows in tha sunlight, near ; Abridge ! that -spans; the imerry,' musical" water fc of Big creek on .the road between: Marlposa^and kWawbna; , they shot Bul lock, the doctor, aa he passed, peace • f ullyi carrying ; a string; ; of fish' he ; had : caught \ tot). the -hoteL .. . '\u25a0'&•",' : iln i the I evening 'the Clndian' who 'i had • '.questioned ithe\dlstrlot; attorney came t to| towxi?l where , he I had?, been engaged : t to s5s 5 ride * a'jljorserace.Yand. . In'i room 7 No. iT.of the: Sch.lageter, hotel/ told tQ6 Bt ory_ to" Under. Sheriff Schlagreter.i adding -bis" opinion" that,' as ißn.Uock':h~ad -pow'er .and , doubtless; in tended . to" 'destroy a t he~,wh ol e "they *,;had' done a^ righteous 'act * and % should ;'. not '1. be ; held "c to { American . law. , . \ He f; repeated h his tale to > Sheriff > Turner.! who trusted i him to ]«oi arid 'bring :in:the other :men,: which hefdid.* ? t;r': i ;\u25a0"-..' \u25a0;,;.-. .;-.-,.-;. \u25a0 "* Ihfelicltins' ttetimony.rdn 1 tbe'.recog- S^onTof itrlbal [relations \b/ the United Sta{e>«overnment.Uhe attorney for the ' defensajcalledito: the 'stand [Captain- W. /•^ Howard,^ who.t In U 85 0,-af terUhe In- ' dlan iwar, l ,that * led to the ; discovery of jYoseml te; saw. the istgnlns; 1 of the" treaty ; of ,' peace * between i the? Indians land the government.",".:.. ".. ; ;,-. v .t".>.V-:..,..' f- :\u25a0 . •.- f-^From?!that-day..;Captain*.Howard" has ibeeniheldlbyJtheUndian»;as a'man of f ttttorityfand oftenjcea»ttlte«^oni cab- " Jects of imporUneifcfaSa \u25a0:. 7- ' HMBHSBpBHnMBidESIIMMHBBHIHHiSHHI^iHB^Bs^^HHi^D \Tlib : San • Francisco Sunday CaEL •lble for thalr loisei/whn«, v » maN ter of -" fact, .neither chance nor ' luck • nter Intoths gan«. The principle employed in the manip ulation of tha wheel shown .to the \ second . Illustration -' is /, Identical - with' that of i the ; flrnt and the machine 'is designed especially with a view to cU : eeive the man who has been previously stung: and wno,. tor. one reason or. an other, may be extremely wary of plac ing his money on any gambling devioo. §To \u25a0 divert ' suspicion. • the v small wheel directly , under - the arrow is mads • leas .than; an inch -In thickness and is !at- v tached directly to the angle pieces which are fastened to the table top with setae rews. "As in the former ease. •the, arrow and .spindle are made la j on© "i lntegral; part and r may be readily taken from tha Searing and' exhibited. ."^The point of the spindle revolves on » small - square .of ' plate glass In full \u25bclew, of , the . player. The most car«^ ful examination will fail to discloao anything , apparently in the least way :. crooked and investigation is courted, am . cleverly is the method of operatic « conoaaled. The angle pieces ar« hollo%« -and / inclose steel' rods .governing the] action of . the spindla as in the other \u25a0wheeL Underneath the bottom portion of eae-h of the two angle pieces resting •-'on -I the -table apd whtcb ar« held In place *by sstscrews, la a cleverly con '; struot«d ' little : sliding 1 metal , plate ac tuated by springs. If at any time a player < evinces ,a * disposition to bi at . all * suspicious • of \u25a0 th» machine, tha dealer proceeds to demonstrate the.im possibility of the devic* bslng tnanlpu lattd, and in substantiation will r« mov«th«spin<2l» for examination and •Yen go so far as to unclarap ti« «ntlr« devica from the tab! a. Tha mopont the elamp«d aagls piiotM •fs lifted 'from the. table top tha slldlas; * metal ;\u25a0• plates r referred to clos« th« opening through which th« stsel bar* operat*. leaving i to ' view only tht ex posed screw holes. In replacing th* d» jvlee the deal »r has but to prwi doirn , %n the plates, which Instantly snap baok 'into their for mar places. The actual chances of winning ara not difficult to detjrrnine on machines of tills ch&Yao tsr.- .-. \u25a0 '~ . . \u25a0 . Roolstt*. said to b« th« most fs.*cl nating of all 'gambling devices. Is known to be more crooked than- the an , seen course ' of the steel '\u25a0 ball, which, \u25a0hot from a point/ on the outer rim of the bowl, follows a devious routs, thrugh Us wall and then, falling on • j •wlftly revolving wheel, is carried th I way and that.' only at last, to roll tn j a pocket between the metal brld;«j which are' placed at equal distaso«a along the Inner wall of the bowl. Electricity is . mad a to play a promi nent « part In the • manipulation of rou lette wheels and by mean* of concealed magnets, the course of the ball may be defieoted at will, with small chance of discovery. rßotrlette wheels are differ ent » from those , previously referred ; to In that the wheel itself. Instead of being stationary. \ Is ; made to revolve at a high 'rate of speed. ' ' The wheel' I* . Inclosed by a - wall, .known as the bowl, and usually rlalnff two or three inahes above the surface of the wheel, which is ordinarily set f n notion by the hand of 'the dealer.' al though | mechanical ' means > are som« tlmcs: employed for this purpose. The ' steel ball is caused to rebound from one bridge ;. to another through the rapid circular - motion. The wheel is often regulated by tha same method employed In the spin- the-wbeel devices described.' \ .Frequently the brass .bridges which form so essential a portion of the "ma chine are*. slotted in the center and filled with lead, thereby preventing any rebound of the , steel ball and eaustng It to remain in the pocket. Such bridges are : placed "on " either side of \u25a0 the low numbers," reducing -the winning percent - age of the player. Again, the pockets may be depressed* or raised at will through the medium of a mechanical \u25a0 ; contrivance underneath controlled by the pressure of the hand or knee of the . operator. 'Jf^BBHBHni • ! Not ; only . Is : the winning percentage absolutely In the power of the man or^j eratlng'the. wheel, but he can lower df*! raise lt'without fearlif detection at an?* 1 stage of the play. '.-. The , story ?he told .- that dreamy Sep H teva ber \u25a0 afternoon in • the airy ©Id court .room in ilarlposa'has never before beei printed, although it is a part of Call f ornla's history. "We .wish to, prove by, this witness.* tha attorney.' began, "thatfrom 1850 tc 1852 ' the tribe from which ; these twe defendants was regularly or ganized and recognized by the govern ment of the United States and that th< ' tribal organization ; continues at th< time. When you say> these "treaties, were written, do you mean that they were lald-before the senate of th: -United and confirmed by that \u25a0body, ; .or were merely written agree ; nients between the government agenti and 'the Indians?-: '.!••» " \u25a0'- ''.'These negotiations were written. 'The'iwar that led. to the discovery oi Yosemite valley by Major Savage. and the Marlposa battalion had baen a vic tory \u25a0 for the .whites, and the Yosemit* Indians : were afterward called th« Marlposas. Tha tarrltory between tan : head waters of the Tuoiumna and th< .wide .waters iof the San Joaquln. ' ex tending ..from the plains to the summit of jthe Sierras,; had been theirs.' About '1 1.500 <of them. * led . by their -: chief ;\u25a0 Ba j> \u25a0: tista. ; came toi a place far down ' on tin Merced river to : meet the commission ers, ' Colonel Reddlck. McKea, Bsrboux and Woozencraf t, ' and \ the agent. ; Adam ; M. ; Johnson. Baptista was ; spokesman, Major Savage lstarpreter. fltf^H \u25a0 !^y the treaty, they were placed upon reservations, where they remain-si two years. , - George - Belt and * myself wer* -••^pointed .by.^the .'government to fur nish ( them with beef and'- flour. Bui. preferring .• freedom "\u25a0 to com for t, , tn \u25a0, 1552 they scattered, forming many separate tribes, all of which acknowledged tha •supremacy of . Bap Una, , who." until 1 hla death, .' SO . years -af lerward^ exercised undisputed " authority over ' them. Ha waa supreme. HMSRvfI jL-;J!X>n ; one 'occasion .. he killed his young T.-i;e up there on the Mercel. pinning her to the gTOcnd .with'a" sword run through her;, heart.; 'Colonel • Johnson thought best .to leave the matter with the In d lans, "so from • the Tuoi untn« * and Ban Joaquln lesser chiefs gathered in coua? sel. but they could.net try him. ; When jho called Ms tribe obeyed.^- Ha Ce rcrecd where, they -shoaldmove to «am ; mer, and where they should llv«. "Once : the agent; with Samuel Ward and "Hall ' McAllister, -took him : to San FranMsco and showed him as the great chief of. the Mariposaa." \u25a0VThe big.; black .bow, of Bullock, .who. It la claimed. =by .wlchery ended Bap tista's life.; hangs * among : the , snake skins, "'.- bear -,rugs - and gorgeous 'Yo semite. paintings In Hill's, studio at iWawoaa, near, the woods Vwrhere ' both • thos«T savage; Olives vsreat out. The re mains of ytiib Indian who fired flve^shot: into; ; Bap tlsta's reputed '" slayer lie In the cemetery .f at i San Quentln, wher» \u25a0 the sound ' \u25a0of the waters , doubtiesa brought back to him Mission days. For many marks - of , civilization and ] many strange recollections on their part in dicate that these Marljoaaa were once \u25a0Jtflaalon: Indians.