'\u25a0 \u25a0 -
SUNDAY
The SajiPranciscoC&iV
JOHN D. 5PRECKEL5 . . . . . . ...... . h . . . k Proprietor
CHARLES VV. HORNICK ..General Manager
ERNEST S. SIMPSON . ... ..' .Managing Editor)
Address All Communlcstlonn to THE SAX FRANCISCO CAI.I* •
m^^ ' "- . '.\u25a0\u25a0,'.\u25a0\u25a0-\u25a0 \u25a0•" * \u25a0 \u25a0\u25a0 .
Telephone «Keamy *6"— A»k for The Call. The Operator Will Connect .
You With the Department Yon Wlsh.i" \u25a0"•''..
BUSINESS OFFICE Market and Third-Streets, San Francisco
Open Until 11 O'clock Every Night in the, T^ar. . «1 'v
EDITORIAL. ROOMS • • Market and .Third ''Streets
MAIN CITY BRANCH 1651 Fillmore^Street Near Post
OAKLAND OFFICE— 46B 11th Rt. (Bacon Block) . .Telephone Oakland 1083
ALAiIEDA OFFICE — 1435- Park Street ...Telephone Alameda 659
BERKELEY OFFICE^ — SW. Cor. Center and Oxford.. Telephone Berkeley 77
CHICAGO OFFICE — Marquette Bldg..C. George Krogness, Representative
NEW YORK OFFICE — 30 Tribune Bldg. .Stephen B. Smith, Representative
WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT ...;... .Ira H. Bennett
s : SUBSCRIPTION RATES
Delivered by Carrier. 20 Cents Per Week, 75 Cents Per Month. Single
Copies, 5 Cents. ~£v
Terms by Mail, Including Postage (Cash With Order) :
DAILY CALL (Including Sunday), 1 Year 5800
DAILY CALL (Including Sunday). 6 Months ?<OO
DAILY CALL— By Single Month • • ™c
SUNDAY CALL. 1 Year '......... .?Z.OO
WEEKLY CALL. 1 Year -" • \u2666 10 °
(Daily • .SB.OO Per Year Extra
Sunday...".*.". $4.15 Per Year Bxtra
\u25a0VVeeWy '- • • H-00 Per Year, Extra
Entered at the United ' States Postofflce as Second Class Matter.
ALL POSTMASTERS ARE AUTHORIZED TO RECEIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS.
Sample Copies Will Be Forwarded When Requested.
Mail subscribers In ordering change of address should be particular to .
give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insure a prompt,
and correct compliance with their request.
PHILOSOPHY OF A DISGRUNTLED NEIGHBOR * '
THE Portland Oregonian suffers from the obsession that Oregon
is the Cinderella among states and California the spoiled child
of fortune, nursed in the lap of Harriman and coddled by
Schwerin. Writing of the proposal in this city to organize
merchants in a traffic association to promote trade and secure just
rates for transportation the Oregonian remarks that even now,' San
Francisco gets more than lawfully belongs to it. . Indeed, California
is rather an accidental and temporary affair anyhow, and northward
the course of commercial empire'takes its way.-.. -The greatness — if
any — that California has achieved is mostly artificial and like to be
fleeting, says the Oregonian, thus: ;.
The statement has" frequently been made tfyat if the pilgrim fathers
had landed oa the Pacific instead of the At^ntic coast, New England would
today be a howling wilderness. For somewhat similar reasons it might be
said that had the wonderful gold discoveries which populated California
been made in the north the metropolis of the Pacific coast would years ago
have been well north of the California line.' The resources of Oregon and Wash
ington are so immense and varied that it is only a matter of time untilthe
commercial supremacy of the Pacific coast will shift to the north; When
this takes place there willundoubtedly be a tendency on the part of the Cali
fornians to place the blame on the earthquake and fire which wrought such
terrible havoc in the bay city. But the awful disaster was only a minor
incident in this gradual shifting of trade to the- new centers in the north, and
the ultimate result would have been the same even had there been no earth
quake. TVT-:
The Oregonian is a good neighbor with, we suspect, "a sort of
sneaking kindness for California and perhaps does not really mean !
that this state is like to become "a howling wilderness." But ap
parently the Oregonian can see nothing here but the gold mines. It
is not worth while to undertake enumeration of the almost endless
variety of Californian resources or to institute comparisons^ The
Oregonian says We no longer grow enough wheat for homei con- ;
sumption. Why, of course not. You don't put a thoroughbriedllb
draw a bakery wagon. Almost any region, however little favored,
will produce the necessaries of life, and therefore they are cheap.
California is employed in producing luxuries and comes very near
having a monopoly of that business for this continent. People have
talked for nearly a century of the wonderful resources of Oregon,
but first California and later Washington have passed that state
in the race. Where lies the fault? Is it in the country or the
people? The Oregonian lays all the blame on Harriman. Absurd!
It is a strange conception of Harriman. We do not understand
why Harriman is accused of neglecting Oregon to the advantage of
California, but the Oregonian theory, as nearly as it can be guessed, \
appears to be that it is due to either malice or stupidity. Of course
the true reason is plain enough, but itdoes not please Oregonian
sensibilities.
California is the most profitable railroad # field in the United
States because it is engaged in producing articles of commerce that
rank among the luxuries, bring good prices and bear high classifi
cation as freight. No railroad will ever get rich hauling the lumber
and wheat of Oregon, but wine, raisins, olive oil and citrus fruits
can afford to pay high rates for transportation.
If the Oregonian, instead of railing at Harriman — who has no
friends — would take his advice it might be more to the purpose.
Mr. Harriman when asked why he was not building^ railroads in
Oregon replied that it was "time for the people of Oregon to get
in and do .something for themselves." Harriman helps those^who
help themselves. —
FLEETS FOR BOTH COASTS
£1 ECRETARY METCALF has told the newspapers that four
""battleships of the largest class should be provided for in the
J v>> } coming session of congress. The president appears to be in
I agreement with this policy in a general way, for_ in his recent
speech at Cairo he said:
In any great war on land we should have to rely in the future, as we
have in the past, chiefly upon volunteer soldiers, and although it is in
dispensable that our little army should itself be trained to the highest point
and should be valued and respected, as is demanded by. the worth of the
officers and enlisted men, yet it is not necessary that this army should, be
large as compared to the armies of other great nations. But as regards the
navy^ all this is different. We have an enormous coast line and our coast
line is on two great oceans. To repel hostile attacks the fortifications and
not the navy must be used; but the best way to parry is to hit—no fight
ran ever be won except by hitting — and we can hit only by means of a navy.
A battleship of the' Dreadnought class costs the United States
government about <$10,000,000 to build. Appropriations for four of
these would about equal the annual expenditure on the Panama
canal. Concerning the cost of the navy these figures are given: '
The total appropriations for the support and upbuilding of the navy in
the 24 years from 1883 to 1906 reached the not inconsiderable sum of
$1,144,957,731.62. The total appropriations for the navy in 1906 were $104,
508,719.93, as against $14,819,976.80 in 18.83. In 1905 the total sum appro
priated for the navy was nearly $11,000,000 more than last year. The highest
total reached in the entire, period was in 1898/ when the appropriations
amounted to $125,401,975.78. The "additional" appropriations for 1898 included
$50,000,000 which were appropriated for "national defense."
The figures look big and they are big, but this is a big country,
with a long coast line, largely undefended on the land side. A
great navy has been likened to fire insurance. You may. not need
it all your life, but if you do you want it badly. The greater the
wealth of a country the more powerful is the temptation to plunder.
There is not much doubt that in future the United States will
maintaim a competent fleet on both coasts.
THE MEAL TICKET BRIGADE
OUR ancient and ingenious friend, E. Benjamin Andrews, now
of the Nebraska universit}v ought in all decency to wait
until his past < economic offenses are outlawed before he ; com
"Mniis another. The statute' flj limitations has not yet ; ; run
EDITORIAL PAGE
against the free silver and 16 to 1 nonsense of-'Dr.: Andrews, nor !
has he been granted immunity ,~ and yet 'he is but^with a declara
tion that there is no such thing as monopoly in the United States
and prices are, governed wholly by demand and supply. That
Standard oil should in , a very few years make profits of $500,
000,000 is not. to Dr. Andrews evidence of monopoly charging
artificial prices, but Is merely the operation of the law of demand
and supply. But, perhaps, it is scarcely worth while to argue with
a man who, pretending to a competent knowledge of economics,
could yet* put faith in the half baked nonsense of the philosophers
who wanted to make legal tender out of : rutabagas or other
commodity. . : ;
Dr. Andrews has joined 'the class in which. Chancellor Day of
Syracuse university and the. Rev. Dr. McArthur of New York
are graduates in the art of toadyism. They are the^little' brothers
of the rich.' It was only last week that John L. Sullivan joined
the class. As John L. has a far more notable gift of expression
than Andrews or Day or McArthur, and. as they all think very
much alike, the pugilist may be "quoted one for all:
These people who are makin' all this bark about tainted money give
me cramps. Nobody ever made, a squeal on- takin' my money because it
was tainted, , and -I think the coin-handed out by John D. is just as good
as that handed out by John- L., and would buy as many meal tickets for. the
missionaries as though it never knew; the scent of kerosene.
John D. has got some of these tight wads beat to a frazzle, and it isn't
fair to keep him on the pan all the time. •
Can Andrews beat th^? Meal tickets for the missionaries,
quotha. We all know the meal ticket brigade and we know the
missionaries. Look at Dargie r for instance, . \
Now will you' quit your taunt-, about
a certain eminent j personage not get
ting a bear? \u0084-: /
There Is talk of making Washing
ton,'D. C a dry. town. The law of
compensation calls for a raise in con
gressmen's salaries.;
'It develops now that Heinze was
completely out. The news
will be received with grim joy by
those who have been in that condition
all their lives.
H.; Stewart of Monterey is at the Bal
timore. / •
S. J. Allard of Eureka is at the Dor
chester. . ' :
William Pierce", of Sulsun is at the
Majestic. .
T. B. Dittmor of Raymond, Wash^ is
a guest at the Dal«. r ~~ , : .
. E. Sternbergerfof Los Angeles Is a
guest at- the St/ James. .
Charles May." a merchant ofMinneap
olis. is atthe Hamlin.' , •
Stewart McDonald of < Santa Rosa !«
a guest at the* Majestic C
1' W. F. Andrews 'of' Santa Rosa is reg- !
lstered, at the Jefferson." • '
*A. H. and- Mrs." Stevens are guests at
the" Jefferson from Butte.. .
: Mack Swain and Mrs.- Swain of Santa
Cruz are at the St. James. • ;' \u25a0
\u25a0': H. B.*and Mrs, Blirinof Eureka are at
the Fairmont 'for, a shortt stay.
\u25a0 Chester'; Kelly, 2 representative of the
Del Monte hotel,": ls at; the Hamlin. \u25a0;
X: R. Seiig, a travellngmah from New
York, is staying. at",the Baltimore."-
J. E. ;- Pc* toi t and j Mrs. Patol tof Pas
adena are, ' registered at\the-;pale.': ?
W» G» Preas, & lumberman of Eur«ka»
Humors of the Campaign
NOTE AND COMMENT
Twelve marriage licenses on Friday
and only nine suits "for divorce." Yet
the cynics talk of the divorce evil 1
A Seattle woman has hanged - her
self because her husband was paying
attention to another woman. ; Has the
affinity theory ireached. Seattle yet?
Now that the amount of duty, on
the Butters trousseau has been . made
public, many a fair one will; be found
meditatively chewing a pencil while
she tries to' figure from cause to effect.
- — ; ___ . — . — : — \u25a0_— ; — .j.
Persbnal?Mention
Mrs.' Press and Miss Belle i Press have
taken apartments ' at , the St. Francis. 0
•C. B. and Mrs. Crook registered at
the Fairmont yesterday from New York.
Frank M;. Gerald, .a 'mine , owner ; of
Florence," Ariz.; is at the Grand Central.
D. H. Gleeson, a hotelman^of :Peta
luma, is registered at the Grand Cen
tral. V.
Ralph Solomon, an Importer.- of irare
books, is at' the Imperial from 7 Los An
geles.
: J. G. Crumley, a: mining and -hotel i
man of Tonopah, Is a guest at the St.' j
Francis. ;"
J.: H. Hanson, Mrs.'. Hanson' and Miss
H. G. Hanson are at the Imperial^ from"
Hanf ord. :
-Bert Andrews of Chicago and G.'. L.
Coleman of- Denver are registered at
the^ Hamlin. :;_:.. ,' ;
F, N: Black of Los Angeles arrived at
the .Majestic -Annex "yesterday ; morning
for* a short stay. \u25a0
';[ br.vT.-R. Wheolerand Mrs. -Wheeler
are^up from Los Angeles for a vacation.,
They-are'at the Imperial. , «-~
. T.'^H. Minor, , who is heavily 'interest^
ed , in , Nevada ' mining properties, ; regis-"
tered 'at the St» : Francis' yesterday, from
| By The Call's Jester
RHYME REVISED
The dawn was barely In the sky
When hunters forth did fare.
And tramped amain through brakes of
cane /
In search. of deer and bear.
The gray light glinted in the guns,
All held in' brave array,
And at the head rode strenuous Ted,
The hero of my lay.
Alas, comes news that thoroughly
Upsets this little song-,
Which was to say. In scoffing way.
That Ted Is aping Long —
For It Is told'that finally,
Within the crackling brake,
A bear was killed, with lead was filled.
And Teddy's munching steak.
V?.' \u25a0\u25a0'•\u25a0' - • ' • •
BIFFKW3 WOES I
"It's no use trying to combat femi
nine proclivities," said Biff kins. "I
gave up my old fashioned razor because
the family insisted on opening cans and
sharpening pencils with it, and got a
safety.' Now. they are using that for
a tack hammer."
\u25a0"VV. J. W.
/..The Smart Set .*.
Miss Laura Klraber returned from a
six months' visit . to klnspeople . In the
east last Monday, and to the great
pleasure of her many friends here It
is probable that she will make her home
for a time with her nephew, Professor
8.;" S. "\u25a0; Seward ; Jr. of Stanford univer
sity. Miss Kiraber is a niece of the
late John Perry Jr. and had been living
with-him for .some years at tha time
of his death last sprinff. •
,\u25a0-,\u25a0\u25a0-."\u25a0.\u25a0•\u25a0\u25a0--..•_..•' * \u25a0 .
Mrs. :. Alfred Gerberding and little
Miss Beatrice are inParis, wherelthey
may make a lonfc stay. Mrs. Ger
berdlng sailed from New York a month
or two ago, intending to make London
the end of her Journeyings for, a while.
But the Y French' capital has ; proved ir
resistible and she will remain there for
the present. ; .' .
'the end of next week busi
ness will.t ake R.. P. Schwerin to New
%>rk, where he will be. for sonte weeks.
..At the Alta Mlra in Sausalito are
Mrs.';iThomas Leggett and Miss Con
stance ; Borro we, who came up'from the
southern v part : of the " state recently.
The? sudden death of their mother in
Pacific; Grove a 1 week ago has made a
sad change in their plan's, and ; Miss
Borirowe will remain - here with her
father; Instead iof traveling as she
planned to do originally.
•\u25a0-\u25a0:,\u25a0 ;"'\u25a0 .• ';-\u25a0'-:••. \u25a0' '.* \u25a0
•Mrs.V Mountford Wilson entertained
In > her home ', In - Burllngame Friday,
her, guests being several of society's
most v,proinlpent women. .\The affair
was: a luncheon and was managed with
the^cliarm ~ and . skill ; that \u25a0 mark -Mrs.
Wilson ;;as a hostess., -Among those
pr went "were Mrs. "William Te vis, ; Mrs.
George Lent and Mrs. Folger.
The John Malllards of Belved ere have
as -j their/ guest- this ; . week ; Miss Leslie
Page, * who ' Is one of this ' year's debu
tantes. With her parents,: Mr., and
Mrs. George Page, she recently \ re
turned' from; abroad. > They are- tem
porarily 'established /at? the Hotel" Ra
fael, while looking for a auitahla bbuae
,ia iowa Zer ttie wintfiji .\ j
INVITATION TO THEODORE
What queer things the president might see if
he should come to California with a gun
Edward F. Cahill
rr* HE president of the United States has lost many bears and doesn't
I know where to find them. The canebrakes of Louisiana are 'deserted.
The president's. reputation has gone before him. The wild things in
the forests have been reading the papers and no quadruped bigger than a
chipmunk is found in Tensas parish. The wild beasts of the period have
grown sophisticated in the endeavor to live up to the nature fakers.
The president should have come to California, where our wild beasts are
nature's gentlemen and know enough^ to come and be killed like the little
roast pig in the nursery rhyme that had a knife and fork sticking in his
back as he ran about crying, "Come, eat me; come, eat me!"
Here in California the president might make the acquaintance of the
sidehill coyote, that extraordinary example of natural selection which has
made him the Ixion of natural mythology as he makes his ceaseless round oa
legs worn to a stump on one side.
Here in California is the natural stanjping ground of the octopus, whosa
scaly arms clutch us by the throat and whose. beak is buried in our vitals.
If the president does not come in a hurry we shall have to invent a plural
for octopus or get Editor McClatchy'of Sacramento to do It for U3. Thefj
is a law on the statute books of California forbidding the introduction of
the mongoose in this state. This law was partly inspired by the bad reputa
tion of this nefarious animal, otherwise known as Pharaoh's rat, and partly
because it was feared that Mr. McClatchy might invent a plural for him
and make it mongeese. The president will find no mongoose when he goes
ahunting in California. We are a law abiding people. But we are trying
to improve the» breed of octopi.
Perhaps that brace of chipmunks that Mr. Harriman discovered as tha
I lonely population of the Oregon wild might be persuaded to visit California
to meet the president. There should be a reckoning with the president, for
Mr. Roosevelt is accused of slander on the whole breed and generation of
chipmunks by John Randolph', who writes:
. In an October number of Scrlbner** Magazine Is an article on "Small Country
Neighbors" by President Theodore Roosevelt.
In It he asserts that the chipmunk <tamals striatus) "hibernates." Neither
President Roosevelt nor any one else ever^found a chipmunk hibernating, "t
shams me of the part I played" !n proving that the chipraunK does not hiber
nate, for as a boy I routed many a onjs out of Us nest to secure tho store of.
nuts, espeolally beechnuts, he had laid up for his winter's food. No hibernating
animal lays up a store of food. The hibernating animal becomes dormant and
does not need food. .In Its torpid state It does not eat. As winter comes oa
"they sink into a -deep sleep In which nourishment ts unnecessary."
Hornaday, who has forgotten more about the animals of North America
than all the nature fakers put together ever knew, says of the chipmunk: "It
does not become dormant. It comes out In winter and enjoys the light and
warmth." I have seen this to bo true more than a hundred times, and tha fact
Is well known to all observing boys and men who live where the chipmunk
Is common.
The wise man does not go chipmunkeying. Mr. Harriman got himself
disliked in Oregon by it, and now Mr. Roosevelt is up against a shorter if
not an uglier word. - VWV W
But of all the beasts that roam the California plain the woolly aphis is
the most terrible. In his devastating progress he devours the farmer's
substance and breeds a famine in his wake. In his ferocity he 13 more to
be dreaded than that solitary surviving mosquito that the president pur
sued and slew single handed in the swamps of Panama. A photograph of
Mr. Roosevelt bearing a string of woolly aphides— ls "that the plural, Brother
McClatchy? — would be a pleasing memorial of a delightful visit. And again
in Louisiana there is nothing better than the evasive bear or the ignoble
razor backed hog, while California includes among its ferae naturae the
Banjo Eyed Kid.
But if Mr. President desires some really exciting sport he should be
present and take part in a grasshopper race of the sort that the late John
Mackay ran against. Herr Maurice Hoefiich at Virginia City, of which we
have an, authentic report printed at the time in the Stuttgardt Blaetter and
thus translated from the German: ,
Mr. the Herr Hoeflich has from America got the news of a remarkabli
occurrence to his son, the Herr Maurice Hoefltch, who many of the Virginia
mines of the Comstock of America owns. It appears that the Herr John Mackay
owned some mine 3of the Comstock of the Consolidated Virginia of Washoq
also, and it became necessary at one time to decide who should hava them
all to prevent the constant bloodshed of the revolver pistol and the knife
Bowie, ; which Is the custom. Thereupon It was agreed by the Burgomaster of
the village and the leading banker, whose name was Faro Dealer, that the
Herr Mackay and the Herr Hoeflich should decide the ownership of all tha
mines by the wager of the grasshopper, as Is the custom there. The rule of
the wager Is for each party a grasshopper to select and on a line placing them
to touch them with a stick that they might the high Jump make, Which to the
higher one gave the winning of the contest. It appears that' the Herr John
Mackay in order the better to Jump his grasshopper to make procured of am
monia some to put on his stick which discovery the Herr Maurice Hoeflich
changed for chloroform and to himself the ammonia took. Hence, when tha
Herr John Mackay touched his grasshopper It went to sleep, while th« grass
hopper of Herr Maurice Hoeflich amid much rejoicing Jumped six miles Into a ;JiCch
or canyon. There was much rejoicing at the success of the son of our fellow
townsman, who now of the Consolidated Virginia Comstock. of Washoe owns
all of the mines, and being very rich it Is said that he intends to build a mansion
in the sagebrush for all his family. (We do not understand what la the sage
brush. — Editor Stuttgart Blaetter.)
Ever since the day of the Jumping Frog of Calaveras the Californians
have been a sporting race and no mollycoddles.
Answers to Queries
NETHERSOLE— A. M. N., City. Olga
Nethersole was in California last year,
but she did not play in San' Francisco.
No theater was available.
PULLING CANDY — Call Reader, City.
The following is given, in explanation
of why taffy made from molasses or
brown sugar becomes white by pulling:
"This operation, like the crushing pro
cess when applied to rock candy, one
of the purest forms of sugar, destroys
or impairs its power of absorbing light
and causes It to reflect all the element
ary colors of each ray. which, of
course, results In white light."
TOBACCO— Sam. City. Tobacco re
ceived Its name' from Tobacco, a prov
ince in Yucatan. Others say that It
was named for. the Island of Tobago,
one of the Caribbees, while still others
claim that it was named for Tobasco,
in the gulf of Florida. It is said that
tobacco was first observed at San Do
mingo, Cuba, in 1492, and was used
freely by the Spaniards in Yucatan In
1520. ;
ARMY BADGE—-O/S. It is said that
General Phil Kearny was the first dur
ing the civil war to suggest a corps
badge for his command. It is stated on
the aui- ority of Brevet Major General
E. D. Townsend, who was adjutant gen
eral of the United 1 States army, that
upon one occasion General Kearny no
ticed some officers standing by the
roadside, and, imagining that they were
stragglers from his command, admin
istered to them a stinging rebuke. Af
ter listening to the general's forcble
language for a time, one of the officers
politely saluted the general and in
formed him that they did not belong to
his command. The general, somewhat
abashed, asked the pardon of. the men
Conditions in California.
Th« California Proaiotioa comaittw wired tis followiay to its o&stara Irareaa la Saw
" California temperatures for the lut 24 loua:
Eureka .^ .JChrimnai si......Majtiraam M
San Franeiico .; Misimam 54 ..JUxfaßTua 83
- Saa Diego , . •„-•\u25a0• ...Minimum M KaarimmaW
Ban Franoisoo buildisf paraiU for tie wa«k ending October 19:
' Permanent .......... '. 98...... Va1ue .....£272,234
Alteration* .58.. ....Va1ua 37355
The flr»t shipment of cranje* for the ssasoa in California went fron Jtocklia, Placer
county, ia the Sacramento valley,- on October 18, two carloads beinj test to th« earterak
market, j ; \.
The »teel frame is finished en the Cluais paildinc at California and Montfomary streets.
Baa Francisco, This is a wsvea story cUss A structure.; 83x120 feet. . Th« «t«rfor wJU J«
of pressed brick aad terra cott*. wita a stone base. The c«t will be $330,000.
OCTOBER 20, 1907
before him. and added: "I will take
measures to know how to recognize my
own men hereafter.** Soon afterward
he ordered all his officers an<J men to
wear conspicuously tn front of their
caps "a round piece of red cloth." This
badge soon became known as "Kear
ny'a patch,"
* • •
SEWING MACHINE— O. I*. Field
brook, Cal. The Crst attempt to Intro
duce a sewing machine dates back to
1755 in England, when Charles P.
Weisenthal took out a patent for a
needle pointed at both ends with an eys
in the middle, suitable for sewing ma
chines. A patent was taken out by
Robert Alsop In England in 1770 for
embroidering with shuttles in & loom*'
In ISO 4 John Duncan took out a patent
for machine embroidery, with hooked
, needles attached to a horizontal bar,
i an invention further perfected In Hell
\u25a0 manns machine. A patent was taken
} out by Thomas Saint in 1790 for a ma- j
chine **for Quilting, stitching and mak
ing shoes and other articles by mearv*^
of tools and other machines." The msui
chine patented by a Frenchman in 1330
was used in Parts in 1841: in a mueS
improved form it was patented in.
France In 1343 and In the United States
In 1350. Although Walter Hunt of
New York Is said to have made a ma
chine in 1532-4 which preduced a lock
stitch, yet it is generally conceded that
'Ellas Howe (1319-87), who patented hi* ,
machine in 1846. is the originator of the,
lock stitch machine. His machine has
formed the basis on which numerous
improvements and modifications have/
been made by other Inventors.
In Russia the postofnee is part of th«
military system, and the postman,
therefore. Is under a discipline as strict
as army rule. • . *