The San Francisco call. [volume], December 12, 1908, Page 2, Image 2

About The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913

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2
HISTORY STORIES AND PRIZE WINNERS
SS the hl&tory contest whicli is
just" closing is of a serious na
ture and the juniors xrho have
participated in It have all
\u25a0worked very seriously and earnestly,
it has been decided tb afford them as
much variety aa possible by launching
a contest in decidedly lighter vein;
hence for a time The Junior Call will
conduct a limerick contest, and the
juniors wUI please devote their ener
gies to supplying the missing flfta line '
10 the three limericks given herewith.
Th« same person may finish all
' three limericks or only one or two of
them as preferred. Those having the
best, brightest and moEt original fifth
lines will be published, and for the six
best published each week six watches
will be awarded as in previous con
tests.
The limerick is a form of poetry,
which, during ithe last year, has be
come exceedingly popular in America.
England and Canada. Its easy, lilting
meter and certainty of rhyme is pleas
ant to the average ear. and the great
variety of thought which the elusive
missing Sine produces is well worth
while, to say nothing of the immense
amusement to be derived from the
published answers.
A limerick should contain five lines
and but tv n rhymes. The fir^t, second .
and fifth lines should rhyme, as should
the third and fourth, and, in addition
the true limerick, if it does not really
pun, should tell as much between the
lines as in the written words. A good
illustration of this is found in thp
following limerick:
"The mercury went up by degrees.
And Reggie said 'Now, If you please,.
It's so awfully hot
I can't find a cool spot —
TTill you mind if I sit on the frieze?' "
This is a true limerick because it
puns, and in fancy we see the poor,
sweltering Reggie trying to sit on a
wall decoration and cool himself on a
name.
Now, in the California, The Junior
and the Alonzo limericks, with which
The Junior Call has inaugurated its
limerick contest, there is almost end
less opportunity for a "wonderful
variety of fifth lines, and the juniors
between 10 and 16 years of age are
urged to do their very best thinking
and write to win!
Remember, you may complete each
of the. limericks, or one or two, as you
prefer. Also remember that this does
not mean that there Is any one par
ticular line that you must find for each
limerick, but that you must do your
best to find a fifth line that will agree
In meter and rhyme with the first and
second lines.
You may rewrite the entire limerick
if you wish, or you may clip it from,
the paper and add the missing line.
Publication of the fifth lines sub
mitted will begin Saturday next, De
cember 19, and in the meantime a large
number of \u25a0 answers - should be re
ceived.
This contest is for juniors who are
between 10 and 16 years of age. For
the younger juniors, those who are 10
years of age and younger, the fascinat
ing patchwork picture puzzles will be
continued.
Do not send in any more history
letters, but send in the completed
limericks as soon as possible.
LIMEBICKS
California's a wonderful state;
Its fame the world OTer is great.
It mar hare its flaws,
Bnt I love it because
I am glad when Saturday's here
And The Junior I know will appear.
I read all the rest.
Bat the part I like best
If Alonzo were my Tery own
ETPry day I shonld bay him a bone,
For this doggie so spry
3Takes me langh till I cry
\u2666 \u2666 »
t AWARDED A WATCH t
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CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
J. RKAGEN TALBOT
Santa Rosa, Cal.; Age 15 Vein,
The causes of. the civil war were due
to topography, climat« and soil. In
the soutli the people had large planta
tions and had a . great many slaves.
These slaves could be. employed to a
very profitable advantage. This? could
not be done in the north because there
skilled labor was required. The win-.
ters were long- and cold and the fields
•were email, wlflle those in the south
were very lars*, and the weather was
conducive to successful farming:. These
two reasons made the people ,of the
north look at the • people in bondage
in another 15|jht from which they were
regarded in. the south. It made a Oif-
i prence of opinion which grew to be
very bitter.
The southern people thought if Lin
coln were elected they would~have to
withdraw, aa it would be his policy to
force them to free. the slaves... Lincoln
was elected, upon which Xorth Carolina,
Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Geor
gia, Florida. Louisiana, Kentucky, Ar
kansas, Maryland and' Virginia with
<irew. Lincoln knew that ft was -hia"
duty to keep the union together. He
did not want war. but he felt that it
was inevitable. , .• \u25a0 . .
The firing on Fort Sumter was the
beginning. The people rose like one
man and demanded war. The civil. war
had been brooding for years. ;Each
year the discussion had grown more
blttrr, and the people of the north-and
of the south had gradually, been drift
ing apart. It .took four. 'long years,
of bloodshed to settle the question.
The results, wer«. the destruction of
the institution of slavery In the; United 1
States and the complete unification of
the nation. : - T
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IAWAEDEDI AWAEDED A WATCH^
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OUR WAR WITH SPAIN
BIJRTH V M. KXMNGWOori,
I'euHfirroyr. - Arp 12
the Ist of July, on which the
battles' of Caney and San Juan wero
fought, and they, were by. far the 'most
bloody of all the war" with £pain. l: . it
was: here that Charter lost 22 officer*
and over;Joo menwere killed and over
I.ot>o wounded.
The death of Jules Ord of the Sixth*
infantry v was perhaps the saddest, of;
fill. He* had taken his company, up :
the hill of -Port San Juan. shoutliiK
"Come on,'- boys"'- They had captured
the blockhouses and ; the Spanish posi
tion was practically, won. when a prl-.
vtt« In the regiment saw a Spanish
soldier . l>inp; In one of the trenches
trying to u*e his . srun. The private
raised hi *• gunito shoot him,' when' Oni
called: out. "Don't ehoot that- man;, ho
is wounded"' Th« Spaniard.- who. evl
dently-. thought that. th* friendly com
mand wa* an order to Bhoot hjni. fired
at Or 4. killing him instantly.-
At- Santiago the refugees from Caney,
a procession . of unhappy, sick .and
IKe History Tories Eh^ Tdd^-~u Next Saturday:
starving people, who had suffered hard
ships worse than bombardment, began
to return to their homes,' and: the, next'
day the.Texas came Into the bay, which
ended all fear of shortage In* provl
eions. » \u25a0'. « \u25a0« — :
But our army was In bad condition:
more than half of . the soldiers were
down with typhoid and'nialarial fever, :
or just recovering. " The soldiers were
too • weak to be moved and the hos
pital service was "poor. The" wounded
and part of the sick were taken at
last, back to the United States on re
turning'; transports.; . .
With, the raising of the stars and.
stripes on the governor's palace the
Santiago campaign was over, won with
complete success.
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I AWARDED A WATCH J
CAPTURE OF VIckSBURG
RAT CHAIVDLGR,
301S Endn«l Arrnnf, Alnmeda,- Aged
14 Yrnr«.
Vieksburg. as we-all ; kndw. was the
chief stronghold of the confederates on
the Mississippi. It was well garri —
soned and covered by a large force un
der General Pemberton.
During the spring of 1863 repeated
attempts were made upon A'lcksburg by
water, but without success. In May
Grant proceeded to surround the place.
Johnston, who was in command of the
confederate armies in the southwest*
tried to Join Pemberton, but before he
could do co. Grant had thrown himself
between the two armies. .
He then defeated Pemberton in two
engagements and drove him back into
Vickeburg. Grant then assaulted the
place three times, but in vain. Then
having brought up all the the reinforce
ments he could to guard against an
attack by Johnston, he invested Vicks
burg. - .
Pemberton held out for nearly seven
weeks, but no assistance reached him,
and on July 3 he surrendered.
Next day, on the anniversary of In
dependence and the day after the fed
eral victory of Gettysburg, Grant took
possession of the place, which opened
the Mississippi down to Port Hudson, a
stVong fortification near the mouth of
the Red river, now closely invested
t>j' am army under Genera* Banks.
Foul- days later the post surrendered
on receiving the news of the fall of
Vicksburg. giving the north complete
command of the Mississippi.
I AWARDED A WATCH i
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COMPROMISE OF 1850
XELI.IB MURPHY
147 C Sanchez Street. . James Lick Gram
mar School, B Seventh.
Age 14 Years
Henry Clay is the lather of the com
promise of ISSO. When congress con
vened in 1849 many questions regard- -
Ing slavery were to be settled. ,
ihe southern men complained that
the fugitive slave law was not enforced
in the free states and that fugitive
slaves were not returned. The northern
men Insisted that slavery should be
abolished in the district of Columbia,
The southerners said that any man
could take his slaves to New Mexico. *
Utah or even California or any other
territory in the union. The free soilers
proclaimed that there should be no
more slave states nor territories. The
north demanded the admission of Cali
fornia as a free state. To this the south
would not consent.
This created the bitterest feeling be
tween the north and the south. Many
people believed that In 1850 the union
was about to be broken up Into two
parts, the north to consist of- free
states and the south of slave states.
Fortunately, this did not happen, for
at this disastrous. moment Henry Clay,
"The Compromiser." came fprth with:
his compromise.
In it there were clauses which pleased
both the north and the south. To please
the north he proposed that California
should come into the union as a free
state: that slave trade should be abol
ished in the district of Columbia. To
please the south he proposed that a
very stringent fugitive slave law should
be passed; that New Mexico and Utah
should become territories without any
reference to slavery. It was left to the
people themselves to decide whether. or
not they would have slaves.
The principle of "popular sovereign
ty" was adopted to decide whether or
not there would be slavery In the terri
tories. In this way Henry Clay more
than once saved the union.
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A WATCH}'
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THE BATTLE BETWEEN THE
MERRIMAC AND MONITOR
GEORGE MORG.W,
Hearat Grammar School, San Francisco.
Agre 13 Year* , •'
The attention of the American people
was called to one of the most striking
incidents of the naval warfare. After
the destruction of the federal navy yard
at Norfolk l he confederates had raised
the United States frigate Merriamc, one
of the sunken ships, and plated her
sides with a strong, durable armor of
Iron. About- this time the union fleet
was lying at Fort Monroe. When the
Merrimac was all equipped' and ffn-
Jshed, she was sent down to attack' and
""destroy the. squadron. She reached
this place on the March 8, began the
work of destruction* and two power-;
-ful'shipsr the Cumberland and Con
gress, were pent to the bottom. It
appeared now rs though the work,
\u25a0would go ;on until the Union .fleet'
should be utterly destroyed.
'Some time before thls.however.Cap-
tain John, Ericsson; of New,; York, had
Invented . and built a peculiar, war ves
sel, which he named the Monitor. It:
was a single round tower' of iron' ex
posed above the water line," often called
by. the. people ."the Yankee eheesebox."'
,The tower was made to revolve so as to
bring Its-two greats guns to bear al
ternately, on any "object of attack.^- The,
» port * holes .were \ thus . only opened mo- ;
mentally."* to ;. an' enemy's, 7 shot. > .This
: strange. craf t .sailed^ out i of New;*York
harbor and'eame , around ~ ; to 'Fort . Mon
roe* just; atc.ther-very., time ..when •; the',
huge- Ironclad --Virginia., was \, making;
. havoc with*; the. f union* ; fleet, '.-On th<»
raorningrofj March- 9; these -two: floating;
monster* .came 'face .to . face • and turned 'i
: their large guns upon each ; other.'; '. They \
fought and^f ought: for five liours.iwhen \u25a0
at'tne .'. end 1 the Virginia,*, as ;th« ~i conf ed- •
\u25a0eratea' called- It,; wa« so -^ worsteds that;
i sh» returned 'to Norfolk . in \ a .terrtbla ?
1 ;-" -.- - «,-*\u25a0'*\u25a0 ; : -v >"-•"' \u0084': •'.-.">; .: v '. -
;The;event' produced .the groateat ex-,
cltement,. andf.the fliavy- department of
tht United : States' turned. M» \ energy for,:
* th« "tlm« ;to ;the. : cohßtructlon-oftinew:
..war 1 v«ss«>l .s -;whlch . took -'the 1 name ..< of :
? Monltor«».f. . \u25a0;. -. ' ;--', '."\u25a0 \u25a0
: »»«\u25a0• >M»»*M \u2666 » » \u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666\u2666 « » \u2666\u2666
I A^RDEDVA fWATCH:^
A ST RIJGiQLEBFpR aOVERN^
rMENT;
nDTIi;i.EWIS \u25a0:.'-\u25a0\u25a0-
Vrulurn CrßU»umrl "ScUool, KIkIiIH
Grade. ; Aif p IS .Yearn - ; ; , '
-'After] (he .colonies/ had ibecome"' states"
* the ' people ' tried 1 " to make -a new* set * of;
' jaw». •-;,.: The articles -of «ronfederatlon*
; were .'at fallurcv because * so -few; states
. were represented,. • - .
- Congress:- met at : Philadelphia and
' mad« the"" constitution. At .that^meet
. Ing thcra , ware - two : plans ; drawn up,
called the a-nd New Jersey,
plans., Th<» Virginia, was to make a n«w.
e*t, of laws and the otiier to amendithft
old— laws. The i.VlrerinJa plan-Awas
adopted." This divided . congress -. Jnto
two parW called, the bouse of irepre-;
tentative*; and "senate.; " ' :
T|j* ' people 4.wer«' always -nuarreHngM
-The -thr^r-". compromises iwer* aboutith*
population,* 'They were ".between: t)i9
..different: states. 1 . 'The" results were
Me::SanvEiiWiUcb^GkiU^
(1) That the states be given an equal
representation -in- the " senate -: and ..un
equal in the house. ;(2) That three
fifths of . the '\u25a0: slaves should be ? counted
as population, t (3) < That slaves should
be imported until J 808. .' ' (4)* That con
gress might, pass the navigation acts,
and. exports shouldjnever. be ; taxed.. v.
After that the people wanted a presi
dent.: They wanted to "vote - different
ways to elect him.' .It was decided to
have a - body of electors,; and have • the
people elect them. The first- president
wasn't elected- like the presidents :\u25a0 are
now.- The constitution required' that
the elector's vote for. two persons. ,-The
day ; -fixed was March ' 4, but when* that;
time, came - there was:no ; senate, so \u25a0: It
was- put: off = until April. .; \u25a0\u25a0.yy;- . -\u25a0*\u0084-/\u25a0
. The- elector wrote the names : of two
men on his;; ballot...-. The. one thatvre
ceived the. greatest vote was president,
an* the next vice president. George
Washington was; first; president, ! and
John Adams vice . president in 1789.
On April 20, 1789, Washington took. the
oath of office In front of Federal' hall;
New York. The oath thaf Washington
took ' and ievery president takes Is: "I
do solemnly, swear that I will faith
funy execute the= office of president of
the United States, and will, to the best
of my ability,; preserve, protect and de- T ,
fend the constitution of the' United
States." : \u0084
SOME OF THE CAUSES OF
THE AMERICAN REVO
LUTION .
; nALPH B, DOUGHTY,
3039 DeaUln . St., Berkeley.' I*e ' Conte
School, Higrh Sixth' Grade. -
• Age .11. Year*.
England thought that 'she had a right
to tax the colonies*, so in -1775 she
passed a law galled tlie "stamp act,"
which said tliat all. legal; documents,
pamphlets, and newspapers should be
written on a certain stamped paper, val
ued from .1 cent to $60. The colonies
did not want to payT the tax. because
they did not have nny representatives
lnv the English parliament. Riots oc
curred around the stamp offices, and the
officers were dragged into the street and
compelled to swear that they would not
keep any more stamped paper for sale.
England repealed this law in 1776. '
After this act v/as repealed England
put a tax of 6 cents a pound on . tea.
Ships came from England loaded with
tea, but the colonists would not.useit.
In some places it, was put in damp cel
lars, where It- soon spoiled or burned,
but In Boston it was not landed.' Some
colonists disguised as Indians ;went on
board the ships and "emptied the-' tea
into the water. This affair 'was called
the "Boston. tea party."
England then closed the port of Bos
ton until she should have paid for. all
the tea she had thrown into the-harbfir.
This affair was called the "Boston port
bill." ..; . v . \u25a0 -
Then England put. the British troops
in. Boston and the colonists had to board
and lodge them. One day the British
troops were out and drawn up in line.
The colonists called them insulting
names and shouted, "Fire If you dare'"
The British fired, and as the colonists
were unarmed many were killed. This
affair was called the "Boston massacre."
CALIFORNIA
TILLIEIULI,
Santa Koaa R. F. D. 2,, llox 12. \ce
12 Years ,
The Spaniards were the discoverers
and explorers of what is now called
the state of California. , Their search
for gold and other 'riches in Mexico
had been disappointing,, and besides
this their leaders were ambitious to
rule over .more provinces. Ship after
ship was sent along, the western ' coast
of Mexico about 1530, in hope of finding
a country abounding with : treasure.
At last the peninsula -we call Lower
California was discovered. It was "bar
ren and rocky, and anything but prom
istag. Some -pearls were, found, but
no. gold. . Cortez, , the Conquerer -of
Mexico, gave It the name ; of California,
until finally, men called it upper and
lower California. .
Many expeditions for : exploring the
coas.t and interior were planned by the
ofllcers in , Mexico. ' Juan Cabrillo and
Slr ; Francis Drako k were the two brave
men who went on these expeditions^
Drake, landed and wintered at • about
Drakes Bay. In 17G9 Catholic mis
r^>-»-t-«"t"«-»"t">"»"t-»"»-»-«-«..»..>'i.«..t"»"»-»~«~»-
SUCCESSFUL OPERETTA PRODUCES BY ST. ANTHONY'S SCHOOL
F. M. Gallagher
THE parochial schools of San
Francisco and the cities across
the bay are noted, for the; ex
cellence of the public entertain
ments given by the pupils at? various ,
times In the course of. the scholastic
year. , Originally, these entertainments :
were designed chiefly for- the cdiflca- ;
• tion of parents and .friendsr— Mr. Jones
and Uncle Joe always sat well up_Jn
front and were tickled to doath when
little Willie made; metrical' declaration;
of. his intentions to be a printerjif.he
could, and" little Willies' littler sister
sang a pathetic l story about a.robin.
redbreast that got lost in a snowstorm'
and ignominously perished. But bltby
bit and year by year the parochial
school entertainments expanded both in
scope, and' excellence,' until, even when
an' admission fee. is? -charged, : them is
no room to spare in the parochial halls',
where they are' {generally presented.
%'-'Jlany^% '-'Jlany^ men ;'ahd : women who 'are 1 not'
especially - .interested "In parochial
schools or in .the "principles, of; educa-^
' tiony-for; whlchrlth'ose'/ schools' stand \u25a0
,: make it ! a : - rule never 'to • miss a pa
rochial school; entertainment. "We' find
\u25a0 It, vastiy^more Interesting thanlattend
** ing a -theater," \tliey will tell' you.
; A ;very r'auccessfur' parbphlal-school 1
i : entertainment given not long'ago;
.by the boys oVJM.' Anthony's ir parochial,
school, Ea.stiOakja*ndr -On this. occasion
; a. /pretty, 'operetta h in* two"; acts, ;: "The :
; BeU'ilnj,tlie;;Fore,Ht,'V-waßspreßente(l. In a ;
' sty le ; that .would *' reflect ' credltTon . oven* ,
the /mosty lambllious'. "anil •'-experienced ;
amateurs. Anc^ the ; remarkable thing
\u25a0 ' about . th« production .; is^tliat tho par
'^tigl pants; were; all .HttluTciiapst no'ti; : V«'t
a In their teens:
,-.; sweetly ain<]Jdanc<^ grae'ef ully, : but they.
\u25a0read their, lines—^anu-Bo"melßr; them' wefel
difficult jlines— aptly a nil} con vlijrlngly '
Thpl'rs' was no etift*,* artificial' "ac : lii?g|fe^
pl«te,with/pa<lded-ge's^u"re"s^'andf'Blmira'r]
v"abominatioiis; ;they.;carrlo,ir; therrieeives
; with! a. grace and^a' natural!n»ss;that,wo
scarcely; dare rjookfor/in-thes
. plans! more y mature ,'and". experienced.^':..'
A representativfi - of Junior
; Call ; crossed \ the bay one' afternoon to
;;\u25a0 attend < dress ; rehearsal ; of - "The 801 l
-In the ;Fore^t.". The : rain 'was falling
| dlstnally outside,' but v within "'; th« ' pa
i rochlalhall cheerfulness -reigned su
preme. The! stage..wßS ;crowded with
.»„ email boys singing .and 'y gesticulating
| under th^; direction' of Brother; Ffslan,;
; the . director ,/of ;' the ' school, : who .bore
•:•\u25a0\u25a0:\u25a0 '-\u25a0 . \u25a0'.'-'• ljM'HlLMW rr TOglf^Wi^O
sionariesU were' sent by the" Spanish,
who made the'flrst settlement.;,-, "When
gold was. discovered in 1848;. there was,
.a . great v rush to Y the west.; in .which?
Calif ornla v became : : populated/ *' In,: IS46"'
settlera=;fromctheiUnited*Stateß'set : -.up I
a movement "for independence, -trying •
„ to i; es tabl ish \u25a0\u25a0. a ; go vern men t ; known las'
the. '.'Bear Flag; Republic.""" They" were
.'aided ;-• by/. Captalnv Fremont,' who: be
came .general : afterward. — , -;
; In 1849: the people formed ,: a ': state
government!- and the state was; admit
ted? into: the. union in: 1850. At first -Us?
chief interest; was gold -mining,^but*
, ; now : it : Is a - state •of a very great agri
cultural . . resources, especial ly * fruit :
'growing. ;- \u25a0. .":,',;. ~:
'.-\u25a0\u25a0 There are also other mineral mines
. beside ; gold ? mines, as the ' quicksilver
mines,"^ near 'New Almaden : and* St.- He- ;
1 lena; the .vast copper mines tin; Shasta ;
.. count?* : and -^ the - exceedingly : t>roduc- f
tive 'oil : wells " ln ;Lor Ansreles,;Bakers
field and- Santa "Paula. •> California has "
;been- figured as one of the great, manu-'
;facturlng states.; The bay of San Fran-}
'clsco is; one" of -the finest in the ; world.",? '-.?•
THE BATTLE OF MANILA
HAROLD BHOADLBY ;
»\u25a0 Fair C Oaks. Sacramento.":': Age '1 5 \u25a0 Years .
•Commodore: Georg c. Dewey,'- who was '
\u25a0-. in ft command c'of - ' our -Asiatic * squadron
r when;? the .'Maine wa3 blown.up, .was
ordered iby; President McKinley-lto pro-,
oeed'atv-once to Manila "and "capture"
or destroy"-: the" Spanish c fleet ; which
was guarding that Important -v port.
' " Dewey's command consisted of but
' six warships, of- which , only ! one was
ranked /as a first class v cruiser. 'The ".
Spanish-there had twice as many; ves
sels as Dewey." besides the fortifications
of the " ba v v^ but they were poor gun- "
ners. . -.. . \u25a0 \u25a0
On the first-of May, IS9S, he reached '
; Manila -and there fought and won - the.
most -wonderful naval battle -of the
world's history. " . .
He passed the forts at' the enftrance
to: the -bay,- entered it and without .the
loss" of a. ship or a man destroyed the
entire Spanish.fieet, killing or wound-.
Ing over" 600: men, and captured; the:
arsenal at Cavlte, the naval depot of,
all the Spanish possessions in the east;*
For this - great victory Congress voted
the thanks of the nation to the "hero
of Manila"; and 'he was duly promoted
to the rank of rear admiral.- After
the^war, in 1899, he was made admiral,
for life.
. The results of Dewey's remarkable
" victory proved a turning point In Ameri
can history.- decidng our colonial pplicy
in the far east.
COLUMBUS {
: I.IL.L.IAX BECIC,
7CO Capp Street,' San Francisco." Hornce
. Mann Grammar School, Xott .Sixth
- Grade. A«e IS Years .
: . Columbus was a native of Genoai in
Italy:, He began a seafaring life when
; he- was 14.; In 1470 he made his- first
voyage down the coast of Africa. Dur-:
* ing; thla voyage he made many maps
and "globes, r When he grew older ha
married a- Portuguese woman. 'Her
I father had been one of the Portuguese
king's famous navigators. Many years
went by . and many hardships were
•suffered until one Friday in August,
-1492. when his three ships, the. Santa
Maria, Pinta and Nina, sailed- from
Palos in- Spain. He sailed till he
reached the Canary islands and : then
turned westward. The people ithen
•supposed the world was flat, but Colum
bus'believed it was round.' .' ; ;. .' '.
All -\u25a0 other parts of the world were,
unknown except the British Isles. Eu-
Tope and asmall part of Asia. Colum
bus' kept ..: sailing until: the Canary.
Islands were out of sight. T The sailors
were afraid they would ne,ver see land
a again. ' Soineof them wept "very hard. .
They wanted Columbus to. turn back,
but he would not. He only calmed
' their fears and sailed on westward till
October-7, -when a> flock of "land birds
was seen flying : southwest. " Pinzon
was commander of '• one of. the vessels.
When he saw these birds- he begged
Columbus '.to follow,- them,, .as they
seeme.V to be going: toward . land. , I{
he had kept goings westward- he would
have - sailed up ; the ; coast .= of, Florida.
But \u25a0* Columbus yielded to; Pinzon and,
turned his' ships v southwest. k;when.'
about 10 o'clock-, on the; night of ,Oc
%tbbcr 11. Columbus rsaw- a. light mov
ing'in the distance. It-was- made, by
the .inhabitants; who; were .walking oh
. a '- neighboring coast. - " , .: ' "
At dawn the shore was seen 'by one;
the brunt of the responsibilities mcl-_
dent to an ; amateur . production. The
little fellows wore their fifteenth cen
tury costumes and rccitedJ their linea
as naturally as they were to do a few
evenings later when - the .now empty
chairs would be filled With spectators—
: kindly, -but critical. Occasionally the
performance was Interrupted by Brother
Felan, who called the attention; of some
.member of- the cast to a defect in
: enunciation or stage business, and dur-V
ing the enforced recess not an urchin,
; moved from his appointed position.!
•Toward the conclusion of -the last act,
"Karl Kragi" '• with a perverscness na
tural, I suppose, to a youth' assuming"
: the?' role of stage' villain, repeatedly.'
went wrong in a gesture of contempt
he was .required tofllng. at the august
person of the prince. Brother Felan put
-the "boy; through the', business j several
times, and meanwhile the look of as-,
'tonlshmcnt and indignation never flitted
from the face of the youth; impersonat
ing the prince, while'the hero kept^on
kneeling with extended arms. In itself)
the incident was slight, .but it illus-.
t rated tone secret- of ; the > success -of the^
* ; *- * ' '" ."
' -; Brother ;Pelan is "^a, -benignant : . stage;
manager.,: After the bbya haddlscarded
their, costumes an&fNecl out of ithehalj,*;
he*-very.iklndlyj gave t his iviewsloni the ;
subject oft Bchool": entertainments. vf:He J
\has ; ; had years ; of in. the
cqachingrof
last vtwbntyiyears;,hei;ha"s:
< successfully ; produced J echool s plays' S in*:
I Sacramento, at ; St"» Peter'ey»chbol; lnSan|
. Francisco; and at St.- Anthony's ; in Oak-t
; land. ;'; .-.'\u25a0/\u25a0 "r.'/'i : -''.'-^.' : :\^ .:'%./.[. ..'\u25a0':"'; '';.":')
/, "Yes," lie declared, "to bring out such
;v< j ry,; small, boys '\u25a0 with" any-' degree of;
•\u25a0auccexs- is rather;* <difncult^butithen :
are certain ", advantages Jnldeallng;
jvltlr youngsters^ thatpoutslders^ar©;
•;llßbleto"overlook.tvOne "of. these \s,that
;• small jboya are very; enthuilastlc^Those )
X< s *;\u25a0{'; littler follows ivVbii" isawCon
j?stagerju«t' now i?a.re; air bubbling ;bver
K-Avlth jfjnthußlasin:' Some of, tliem 1 merely
I'carry.sa'sipearV an dv march ;off ?and^on;:
;aat
f.takQfthiarplayTveryfseribusly.^ Serious.^
{neslsi^d^ehthusiasm^nsiipposei^'oiii
rniight call; that' the' keynote "of the amaij
\u25a0teur.- spirit.'.' -3% ' li '\u25a0/--'% ':^' : ~~?xZ r - tt.?r;
; -"I : had \u25a0 anf idea v «hatV mo"st : amateurs
act. merely foSthe^funrotjthe thing." :; ; ;
: : "You.~may: not^be^ altC)^ eith^ r y vron ' e^
.but ; had you y attended sa Jsfewy, of sihe]
r/earlierJ rehearsals i of ?'The[ L Bell|lnVthV
Forest' : you .would
fellowsl take ftheir^fuhj very
-: *erlou'sl jr. v ; 'All-: their I. work ; of : prepara-^V
ftiony,i3>done> outside ii of? school^ 1 hours.j
land! lf .thelr^standlng^inTclassUs notlexf.
i ceptional i they debarred! fromtak-"
-ing;; part^in ; the i performance.' Hfiniie,
>/Thei BelCinV thel ForestViiis ; a ; sbrtr"of ;
:-survivalibf; the \u25a0fittest.";. .';\u25a0*>.;: ':.-.: .V-. : ''/ ; ; "
.-••you!, remember ithe;; old •definition; of,;
of s the. sailors. „ Columbus, hastened- to
-the beach.y. where. October 12.'1492,-Ihe
; took pogsesslon'of the 'country in "the ;
name<. of Spain. s He had discovered v
. .«. -^. .; -: . -
THE SIEGE OF YORKTOWN :
TOXY B.'^AXDRADA ( V
Hayward, 'AlamVdtt';i County^ n. K.'*D. '--
Box 75. Independent : School. , '
>'.\u25a0'\u25a0•' -•;\u25a0'\u25a0\u25a0 ..r*.yj!.;AafeJ 14 y.Yeara.' :' , \u25a0 #> , '
: InAugust;' 1731; Lord Cbrhwallis with
? o^ cr ?' f /. om Sir Hen ry- Clinton /seized \u25a0
and ; fortified -Yorktown.. Washington,
wno *was .about * Xo> attack' New v York.
hearing.thafa French fleet was -on 'its
way to rthe? Chesapeake from. San Do-;
nilngp. In the Wes^ Indles.,decided. to
attack Corn wallis. .= By ; means vof . false
rletters^whichihe allowed to fall .Into:
Clinton a* hands: he;; succeeded in j con- :
.yincing. the, British gcneral-that he In
tended ;to attack 3 New York.* when he
"^already, reached Philadelphia. "v.. .'\u25a0
•:vvhen ;CUntpn?learned- the i truth "he
: oenuthei traitop,' ; Andre, to >burnrNew
London,; Conn.,' to force Wash
ington to . return ; - but^Washlngton kept
straighten. and hemmed Cornwallls In
,h.v land.jWhlle.tho'French fleet cut off
his- retreat by.'sea.' 1 ;
\u2666 Cornyallis. /seeing his danger, wrote
to Clinton, stated his danger, and asked *
aid ' * '•'\u25a0'\u25a0 But CHnton could give "no ;
\u25a0^The British were soon driven Into the
lorktown- fortifications and two re
doubts, were taken by French and
Americans.% ".' \u25a0 - / ~
:^Cornwallis finding that Clinton could
give -him. do aid. and "seeing that he
would soon P have to surrender attempt
ed to escape across the York river dur- :
.Ing the^ night/ but tho 'boats secretly
gathered -for. this were scattered in- a
storm. .^- , \u25a0• •. --
V.The haughty Briton now saw that the .
mortification of r surrender could no
longer be avoided. He then'called for
a cessation of hostilities. and on-Octo
ber, 19. 17S1, surrendered the army* to
Washington. \u0084 , , .
. : The : results .of this victory were*
great since it ruined the British cause
In^ America, and therefore secured the
•Independence of the U-rtited States
America.. —
WILLIAM McKINLEY'S AS
SASSINATION
\u25a0•\u25a0". RUTH SPAULDIXG
1 CJoverdalc, Cal. " ' Cloverdale Public
School, Sixth Grade.' Age, 11 Years
President ; McKinley • was born ~at
Niles, Trumbull ; county. Ohio, January
29, 1543. Leon Czolgosz, his assassin,
made a close study ; of the exposition '\u25a0
grounds, because he.wanted to- kill the
president' without any pity. He was \u25a0
near the president when .he made a
-speech. He stood In the front rowr
with only one thought in his mind," and
that-was to:k«l the president. -After
the ; speech Czolgosz, tried to get to the"
president's carriage, but. a . detective
Bhoved him back into the crowd. On
Friday morning, he went to the Temple
of.Muslc,- where the 'president v/as.
' Czolgosz :.was there when the presi
dent" entered. ;. He ; was the \u25a0 first one to
shake hands with; the president He
had a revolver in" his vhand^- with a
handkerchief ;over., It.,' The president
• thought ; that 1 Czolgosz had hurt his
\hand. and he "felt -sorry for him. '
.When Czolgosz shook hands wifh the
president he did not' look up into his"
face. Czolgosz put out his right hand
and shot, the president twice and would
have fired another: shot if the crowd
; had not driven him ;back.\
' ; When the attorney asked Czolgosz if
he had meant to; shoot the president..
Czolgosz said. "I did." "-'. In receiving
the 'first shot the president gave a
gasp.' "Am I shot?" he asked: : "I fear
you, are." answered a man. \u25a0 The presi
dent was -taken to ahospltal imme
diately, where he died a couple of days
afterward. Czolgosz , was seized : by S.
R. Ireland, who put him Into jaiL
LAFAYETTE
KEITH PATTESO.V
Geyderrille, Cal. .'*} Goilford School. High
Seventh . Grade.;. Age 14 Year* ,
; -The' marquis de Lafayette was born
of an illustrious French-family on Sep
tember" 6, 1757. He-was^but 19 years
old when he embraced the cause of lib
erty in America. \u25a0\u25a0 --'
+ • • • «..» i«Vi'.i'i'i~|.n'«'i t i >\u25a0..«../«..#..,.,,-,
?genius:as;>ternaKpaUence. -Well, I:be
patience; counts; for; most," J
i said £ Brother^ when questioned-;
;; about ji his ; V; methods ; ™ of f; the 5
f young idea' how* to act:^ "The method.' 1 If ?
fit; may be*' calledia'method.Hlß: extremely,
v simple/'* l{end^ay6r,^ flrsti of «all, Ato ; have
: the boysisrasp^ theißpirlt**of Hhe ' play ...
-;they/are|goins^t6;;produce;^j,They;are i
questioned about 'the meaning:, of lines' 1
f and* passages f and ; scenes, and |dlfftcul t \u25a0
Swords- and? obscure Jreferences'sare run~
J tbJearthit^You | see vthus ; pick ; upla
sgreat|dealjof jby,jthe way. l
% the' princlpalfparts^areja^slgned^ always :.'.
|;Wlth|the juriders tandlnff/f however;, that'
£theXcaßtlißjliable/|toTsubs^quent change.*?;
v That y keeps sTevefybody-' on '-? thej,alert;fi
SNext ; 4comfl&rehearsalar;ofJ; particular}
;« scenes j and; then>6f^the7entlre''play.'6 i ln^
i'tho^caseTof -.a," musical';; plajvllke^ I'The.
iißell \ inK the ,s Forest/, I ' voeaU numbers fare .
drilled;*, independently y of .theY; spoken ;
I passages |untll\wlthlnf a' ; wcok lor 'so * of
StheTdate"{ofJpjoducUon. r . v " \ -: ;
fc'^Th^jboy^jlhVrnßelveß^srot. a;tfemen-
£dous;ambunt?of, good out .of : the; product
i-;tlons.'i,LTheyj;learn^to, ; carry',therns«lv§i» t
\u25a0' properly ,'and ;, t o" speak ;. dist inctly.™ Did "',
";\u25a0 1 1 X ever I occur » t o.'o .' you '^that .-. the\ general ?:
'\u25a0 fun^bf ;nmall'boys-^-ands large :boys,;too ''\u25a0
:^-pfonounceTthe,'m6ther;tbngue^abomi-V
\They- say ;','yuh';.- for";' yoi»7 Hand
.;i*sawr',; for,; saw, i and « -ss t :iOur;. boys .-,
Agalnstthe command of the king of
France he .freighted a ship at bis^wn
expense and landed In America 'ln 1777
to offer his services as a'simple- vol
unteer. . He /quickly won the favor of
congress; and the lifelong friendship of
:Washington.
-He was, made- major general and. ;
1 though - so • young, ; showed* considerable
ability as a commander. He was wound
ed at the Brandywine and ha distin
guished-himself by a masterly; retreat
from Barren hill and by fine conduct at '
the -battle of Jlonmouth.
In Virginia, when CornwalHs threat
ened him with "a 'superior force and
boasted that the r "little., boy."- as he
called -Lafayette, could: not get away
fromhlm/the younp marnuls avoided"*
battle -and prepared by skillful .move- ,
ments for. the final success at York- .
town. — -^finri /yfaiflMi fV'^UWIWW*
Lafayette all his life. was a lover. «f
liberty and order. He-took a: brave ,
part In the P'rench revolution, but r#- '
fused, to* sro to e.xtreniesi. He was"ar«
rested and Imprisoned for years in Aus
tria, in spite of American efforts to re- :
lieve him. He was freed m 1707.
He visited tho United States In 1824.
when he was welcomed as the guest of.
the nation. He, was everywhere re
ceived with enthusiasm by those whose ,j
fathers he ;had helped "m the hour of .
distress. , J. ,
.Congress voted him $200,000 and a
township of land for his losses and ex- t
pensesTin the revolution. - ;
Though "an old man he took part in j
the French revolution of 1830 and re
mained the devoted friend of human
liberty until his death in 1334.
THE MONITOR AND THE i
NMERRIMAC
' IRK.YE KESSELKR,
1100 Wheeler Avenue.' Krultvale. Eighth
Grade, Devrey School. Age 13 Years
* -The* incident about -which' I am to '•
.write; happened during the civil war.
At that time all ships were made of
wood ajid were not^firepxoof. . - : .
The Confederates saw that they must
do something to prevent their vessels ,
being all fired or sunk. They cut tneir
steamboats down: and made them suit
able for naval, purposes and then cov
ered them. with thick iron 1 plates. The
most famous of these ironclads was.the
Merrimac. The commander of thl3 ves
sel knew that it could not be harmed
by any union craft., so he started by
attacking the Cumberland, which was :
powerless to do anything. "She was
rammed through the stde by' the iron
monster and filled with water. Even
then her commander:; would not give
up, but sank with colors flying.-. -
The. Merrimac- kept on in her t work
and was about to attack the Minnesota,
when out from behind the latter came
a: curious looking craft. It was the
SMonitor, now famous In American his
*nr--r an<V deplened by. John Ericsson.
This odd looking craft was composed
ota huil,'on top of which rested a rait
.covered with iron, which served as a
deck. On the top of .the deck was a
cylindrical turret, which revolved by
machinery, and carried but two gun*.
The confederates called it "a cheese
box mounted on a raft."
The two ships started to fight March
9. 1562. and at the end neither waa
disabled.^.. This was one of the most
famous sea battles ever fought. "• It
proved to the world that the days of
wooden vessels were over. •
The Merrimac was destroyed by the
confederates in May. 1862. The Monitor
sank in a storm at sea in January, 186 J.
CAPTAIN LAWRENCE
~\ ERLE .WESSON':
San Andreas, Cal. Eiahtii Gratis, San
'Andreas Grammar School. Acre 13
During the year 1813. In the war
of 1812. the words of Captain Law
rences-became famous.
/>He was placed^ in command of the
American; : war vessel Chesapeake,
which was at anchor in Boston harbor.
Outside the harbor^ was the British
frig-ate Shannon, .blockading the port
of Boston. ' \u25a0 \u25a0
The; Bostonlans grew eager for the
Chesapeake to meet the Shannon.'- Law
"rence ,was as anxious as . the people.
Captain ' Broke, - who . was in com
mand- of the Shannon, had his men
trained* exceedingly well, while Law
rence's were wholly undisciplined.
They were an oddcrew, gathered from
the f odd places of Boston. .
- On- the : morning of June I. ISI3.
i-« \u25a0«'».\u25a0 a iiih.i ««»«»«\u25a0 > « » k ».» >.i > i
learn from these plays to;epeak«Eng
liah as It should be spoken. And they
learn practical \u25a0 grammar, too. -Nobody
In 'The Bell of the Forest* cast U going
\ to say,';, The ; car r i age has came, ma'am.' ,
-"What 'causes us most v difficulty."
Brother ' Felan '\u25a0, remarked . In conclusion,
"i» . to ; ; find suitable"; plays.v Wei.'; like
something: £ that * has \u25a0. substance. . some
\u25a0 thlngr* thatfwlll ,' nourish ; the right ideals
of )llfe£and;duty. .yet'nothlng too; pro-
Jfdundtandjnothlnsrlof .the 1 goodyv goody
type/^Most play* sent us for inspection
'are"llttle;more than sheer nonsense and
too, . aa ;the i "b"oyß' ,'paror
.chlalijjchobl* is\qult©: distinct from -the
girls'fparochiai; school i.we tare" forced , to
[demand ; plays for male characters only.
-'All j in] all; we' get* very, few plays ; that
.fill * the « bill to tl the" satisfaction of all
['concerned.;* Even: 'The- Bell In: the
''F6rest'Jls-wpak,in"Bpots.*";lt-ls atrana
lationltroni] the German; and had ; to' be
'practically^ rewritten -In: order, to fit our
Weeds": v ; We :; can't * afford uto have 'any
dull r lines'; for 1 slow -moments In 'our
productions."
; "Thenh" Brother, why don't you -cut
tha^isrordlan knot and write a play
, yourself?]' >, . • -\ ,
> ) Felan smiled and -diffidently
;Shdok;hls)hend; \u25a0•>;;-.\u25a0 ;• ...
"riaywrlghts. Ilk* .poets, are .born,
not f«ade.:jf you should, chance- "to
run Vacross ;anv- : J«t • m« knoft-, ple'aser
Captain Lawrence sailed to defeat an<t\
death.. Captain Broke sent a chaj-.
Icnge to Lawrence, but he did not wait
for it.^IBVBfBHMiHBNHHBpPI • ,-t
i ."WNien the ships were In flrtng dl^
tance of etch oth<»r they. be«an- to Z-**
as fast as the sailors, could load. A,
musket ball struck Lawrence In tn»,
leg. but-hft would not go below. The
men at the wheel of the Chesapeake
were' shot. In a few minutes* th/»
ships drifted together. Men on each
side rushed on board the enemy"* ship.
At' this moment Lawrence was. shot
through tbs body and fell mortally,
wounded. As he was lying in great
pain he noticed that th« firing had
almost ceaafid. Calling «\u25a0 surgeon. h»
•aid: "Tell the'nsen to fire faster and
not give up the snip; the colors shall
wave while I live."
Lawrence was defeated, but gained
mor*> honor br defeat than many had
receivedhy victory. Lawrence* never
lived : a to know that he. was defeatert.
Those fanr.ous words trere remembered
forever by \u25a0\u25a0 every . citizen, girl and boy
of the United States.
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
DOROTHY KRITSE.
SC5:*4 TvrentT-ttrtb Ate.. San Frcnclaco.
tiereerot School, ststti Urnile.
Aje 12 Vcars
Abraham Lincoln wa» born In Ken
tucky February. 12. 1309. The- house
his parents lived In was made of logs,
and the windows were made of paper
dipped in o!.\ \u25a0
When Abraham's mother died h« wa»
a littlo boy, but it was not long before
his father married again. The family
later moved to Indiana. His stepmother
was very kind to him. When »h« mad*
his clothes she had to spin flax into
thread, thread Into cloth, and when that
was done she would have to cut It out
and sew it together. ,
When candles were needed soap was _
given In exchange. '%L.
Abraham was very fond of reatiia?^
books. One book was read over about
10 times.
One day he walked three miles to>
get a book, about George Washington.
That night when he went to bed he
put the book between the logs of tha
wall. It happened to snow that night
and the book was ruined. When Abra
ham saw this he felt very sorry, be
cause the book was not his.
When he brought the book back he>
still to the man, "How can I repay you
for this . book?" The - man answered.
"You can plow corn for me for thre»
days, and at the end of three .days I
will give you $2."* *
When the three days came to an end
and the money was given to Abraham
he walked home feeling as rich aa a.
Abraham had 'very little *choollnic.'
but he used to listen to men -wbea they,
talked to him.
Abraham Lincoln was fnaugurate<t
president March 4. ISGI. Ke wa In
office four years and forty day 3. H»
\u25a0was a republican.
He was -shot at Kord's theater by
Wilkes Booth April 15. 1560.~. Abraham
was the sixteenth president of tha
United States. He abolished slavery.
COLUMBUS
ROBERT KcDOXALD
BarllasTKine School. Burllnsamf, Call*
furnla, nisb Vlfth Grade. As*
V 13Year».
In the middle of .the fifteenth cen
tury a bright boy was born. The
boy's name was Columbus. Hia father
was a wool comber.
Most of Columbus* time was spent
at the wharves. He used to listen to
the talcs the sailors told him. Colum
bus sailed when he was 11 years old.'
When he became older he asked King
John of Portugal for some men and
some ships. King Joh.n looked at the
plans. Then' ne showed them to som<s
learned men. One of these men ad
vised the king 1 to tell Colnmbus to
leave the plans. at the kingdom for a
while. Columbus did leave tbe plant*.
The Jeamed man to id the king to
• end a ship out for himself. Tho king
did co and told the captain to follow
the -course or. the maps.
When Columbus heard how tlio kicg
had treated -'him he at ' once . vent to
Spain. lie asked the King of Spain .
to 'help htra. S^ain was fisclitlttg 1 -w-Ith
the Moors, trying to drive them out
of the country. ..The king and. queen
did not pay much attention to him. Co
lumbus mounted a mule and started
for France. 'A messenger overtook hini
and brought him back to Spain. Tha
king and queen gave fcirn three ships.
The names .were rii*£a, Nina and Santa
Maria.
Columbus discovered land on Octobe?
I!. 1492.
"', O