The San Francisco call. [volume], July 18, 1909, Page 4, Image 4

About The San Francisco call. [volume] (San Francisco [Calif.]) 1895-1913

Image provided by: University of California, Riverside; Riverside, CA

                
ON PAROLE - HOW CONVICTS ARE CONVERTED
BACK INTO CITIZENS
Fred Vincent
/~* ALIFORVIA has paroled 609 con
f victs from San Quentin and Fol
1 sora penitentiaries since the pas-
sajre of the parole law in 1893.
In 15 years only 57 "honor men"
ever broke their paroles. Of these 40
have been returned to prison to servo
out their lncompleted terms, and the
remaining 17 have either died, or
slipped from the country.
Unhampered by --Njiacles, without
guards, the savings of Ibese felons
scattered throughout the state, aggre
gates $400,000.
At date 207 prisoners are on parole.
The remaining 345 have earned par
dons by good behavior, which has been
granted them. They are free men.
During the period of probation the
etate is relieved from the burden of
the convict's support. Thus the com
monwealth has been saved thousands
of dollars. At the same time the lib
erated convict* have added twice as
much to the wealth of California. \u25a0
The present cost of keeping this
magnificent man saving system in op-
eration averages "S2OO per month. Had
the present number of paroled men
been kept in the penitentiary the cost
of their food and clothing alone would
amount to $80 a day or $29,200 a year.
Such in brief "Is the splendid history
of the parole system in California
from a numerical standpoint. But
things far more reaching than mere
numbers can tell has been accom
plished by putting the better class of
convicts on their honor. Under the pa
role law many young fellows who had
veered dangerously toward criminal
courses have been turned back to the
right one. Numbers of men sentenced
to serve part or all of their lives be
hind stone walls as a penalty for one
•vll impulse have been freed to become
valued members of society. Wives r.nd
children robbed of their bread winners
by the grim law have been reunited
to them through the workings of this
beneficent statute.
Fifteen years ago a hesitating, legis
lature passed the parole law, and the
statute was made strict. l In ' a vague
way the members of the legislative
bodies knew that one of the greatest% ;
motives that actuate mankind is the. -\
desire for liberty. They had heard it ; !
shouted many times by the old school '•
orators in their fourth of July speeches.; 1
It was an excellent text, which was'!
hauled out at stated intervals and "
• heered wildly and then relegated to
the shadows again.
But the idea of using such a splen
did sentiment every, day and applying
the fact backed theory, ta convicts was .
new. So the legislature wavered. Some
of the members shook their heads "em
phatically, "No!" They had been taught
to believe that convicts were criminals -
and that criminals were menaces' to
the well being of the community. All
convicts were bad, and therefore should
be penned up where their vicious ten
dencies could be curbed — by bullets, if
necessary. • \u25a0 •
Those men were not to blame for
this perverted view. It has been bred,
in the blood for generations. With that
idea nllinir their minds they forgot tc
look further into the question. The
fact that convicts were men and capa
ble* of good as well as bad actions was
not considered. The personal element \u25a0
was left entirely out of their calcula
tions. "Convicts were convicts." That
settled the matter.
But the friends of the movement t
worked hard to broaden the views of
the obdurate ones. They proved that
even a convict .-with peccant trend
would keep out of mischief when he
was busy, and when his personal liberty
depended on his good behavior. Fur
ther, they proved that the majority, of
prisoners in our penitentiaries are not
criminals by nature, but that they art
wearing the stripes because they trans
gressed but once. ,i
Still the makers and amenders of .
.the law hung tenaciously, to the- old
idea, "A felon Is a felon." With their
contracted outlook they could see no
deeper.
The agitators- were determined. They
proved that the parole system meant
an immense financial saving to 'the
state. They proved that prison die- 1
clpline would be easier to maintain.
They proved that the majority of for
mer convicts, who. under the old
regime, drifted back to the prisons ,
surly criminals, would, under the new
way. become a force for the law.
The cause was pleaded well. The leg
islators raised their eyes above the
black' and white ribbed garment that
proclaimed its wearer a convict. They
looked into his face and; saw the man. ,
Him they understood — though not the
felon.
The law was passed. The board of '
prison directors was empowered to re- '
lease such first term prisoners as were
deemed . trustworthy.
Knowing" that * the ' system : was on '
trial, the board chose carefully. Only
two or three felons were given their
liberty the first year. Gradually the:
number was increased as favorable , re
ports from released convicts came In.
At present an average of 14 ticket of
leave men pass through the steel doors
of the penitentiaries every month tn
freedom and a new start.
A paroled prisoner is not permitted
to roam and do as his will dictates,
however. Should such, a condition ex
ist, the parole system would prove as
inefficient and as useless in reforming
men as the pardoning of condemned
felons has done. For when a' man is
pardoned he is freed entirely. Nothing
but the commission of actual crime can
bring him back to his cell. He is \u25a0
without a "prop" and usually without a
job; therefore it is easy for him to fall.
That is where the pardoning system
fails.
The parole law is so constructed as
to remedy this vital ppint. On proba-
tion the prisoner still remains under .
the Jurisdiction of the state. Except
that lie is at liberty and working for
his own support, he is a convict and
amenable to prison discipline. He can
be brought back to the stripes at any
time. That is what occurs when .he .
breaks the • minutest rule in his \u25a0\u25a0 parole
book. Until he has proven that he can
stand and fight alone he is officially an
inmate of the prison. When he shows'
that he does not need the "pror*' to
keep-him straight then the c6nviict Is
given a pardon by the governor. 'This
occurs usually two years after his
release. Thus does the felon meta
morphose into a citizen— and a &ood
one, usually, as 15 years of experimen
tation has proved.
The fact has long been recognized
that a- busy man has no time to get
Into trouble. Acting on this axiom,
the first and most vital thing for a
man seeking parole is to secure a. Job.
Therefore it is arbitrarily . demanded
that some responsible person ' has to
stand sponsor for, the paroled prisoner
and make a written agreement to| em
ploy the convict on his release. • ISnder
no circumstances is a felon put on .pro
bation before a position is procured.
That the' employer" is able to carry
out his promise made to the prison board
must be attested byr the county cflerk
of the county in which he resides. No
chances are taken on crooks employing
this' means to get thfeir pals ouit of
durance vile.
Before this stage in the procurement
of a parole is -reached, however, the
petitioning convict has a long road to
travel. First, Jiis record for the pre
ceding six months must be 100 per cent
good. A searching investigatSon is
made into his past. The advantages
and disadvantages which were \ his up
to the time of his incarceration' are
made note of. Written opinions from
the warden of the penitentiary, the
prison physician, captain of the yard .
the district attorney who -prosecuted
the case and the Judge who sentenced
him are received with a view of ascer
taining the man's fitness to be. at
large. When these reports are favor
able the prisoner is given f a blank
form. \u25a0
In the fewest words possible he is
One Jap's Eyebrows and a War Cloud
By Clarence Ludlow Brownell; F. R. G. S.
Author of 'The Hearth Japan"
EYEBROWS do not often/enter Into .
politics, especially into \u25a0 Interna
tional politics, but they did .once
arid I caused much trouble in • the chan
celleries of two great powers; powers |
by the way, that are now \u25a0 bound to
gether by. treaties for : mutual defense
and I offense, too. / \u25a0 They caused a \u25a0 won- '
derful tangle, in fthe red; tape office* of
the greatest of : European capitals,
where" treaties and other foreign/busi
nesses ' are i snarled up In a way per
fectly unintelligible '•\u25a0 to ; any but i a red ;
tape expert, andj* they put ' so ; great '; a".
strain upon International relations that
only the most delicate 'diplomacy ) ef- ;
- fee ted . any /moderation. ]• '\u25a0
* ,The two great powers concerned were
Great ; Britairi> arid 'Japan— the
brows were Japanese. /":/.:
It all happened iriZ this .way: Japan
had sent a crew r to j England; to; bring
• home a new \ battleship. It . was \a •
grand excursion for the sailors. There :
was /plenty "; of work,' 'of . course, Ibut '\u25a0•
there was '-shore- leave, too, for their -
government wished them : to learn iall
they.could while abroad and come home
: full of information.
All of ' them knew a - little English.
They \u25a0 had learned ; it <on the American ;
plan from American schbolbooksjrin)
' their native schools,' ; where 'native
. teachers had taught \u25a0 them of ; the great
; and ; good George Washington and: the -
legend of, the cherry-tree, and had;
read - to ; them - from Peter" Parley and;
.from Lord ciive arid Warren Hastings.
..-\u25a0 Though their sentences wereTbfoken 5
"; and" stilted,'^ the"= meri^got ;along i pretty. '
on /shore 'arid' ; delighted'
. in the huge buildings,' the underground,'';
; the . street *r'scenes, v j? the*" innumerable *
parks,., in T every thing Yin fact; "for all
. was strange and wonderful./ Several
of j them .even • went to ?an bar- "
- ber : shop V one/day; >; ' ***/ ' '"; . '. '\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 i r^^^&
- Now' though : an . English^ shop differs
compelled to write a biography of him
self. He makes a = review of his life,
telling of his education, travels, where
. and for whom he worked. All is veri
fied. If it is found that the petitioner
has 'madey untrue statements his
chances for . parole drop to nil.
In addition, exhaustive tests to gauge
the man's mentality are made, and a
thousand littfe things which tend to
throw light on his character are looked
into.
Successful in passing through the ex
amination, the cautious law has further
tests for the prisoner. \u25a0 The people, the
citizens of the county in which he com- ,
ml tted his crime, are called upon to
pass judgment. By means of news
paper advertisements the public Is, noti
fied of the convict's Intentions. When
no valid objection is "made by free men,
then is he ordered ' bef ore" the • board for
final examination.
With five men ready to decide the
question of his liberty, the "prospect
ive" loses no time in preparing to make
a favorable Impression on his Jury. No
matter whether/ he be a : "lifer" or
merely the recipient, of a two year.
"Jolt," the same ' thing always occurs
after the ' prisoner has been informed
that he is to appear before the board.
His outward show of unconcern poorly
hides inner palpitations as the convict
asks for" a thick tablet and a pencil.
The officials smile. They understand.
• The next week Is spent in writing.
The prisoner- fs- engaged in compiling
;the plea, for his liberty,. which~ he fully
intends to make. . Much paper, is wasted
and many hours spent in thought. When
complete, \ the; article pulses with the .
'phrase: "Give me a chance,' just a
chance P. / / ,'\u25a0
Until the propitious day, the hopeful
fellow mumbles his little piece. He
learns it by heart, forward and back
ward. '\- .: \u25a0- " \u25a0 /\u25a0 \u25a0/ . ' \u25a0
• somewhat from an American shop in ;
being ; much simpler, the shave :is -the -
same sort • of , shave, whereas the 'Jap
anese shave is different. It is much '
: more comprehensive. • • The -Japanese,
barber goes over the whole face,- in- '
eluding the forehead, "the eyelids and
' the lip of the nose/-/ He : even shaves
the nostrils and the ears.
The men from the far east who went '
to the -English .shop this day 'sought . '
'I to^expiain In their. first^ reader Engiish,. 1
; assisted by Peter Parley, Lord Cljve and /
'\u25a0 Warren .. Hastings, how complete / a -'
- shave the Japanese /shave -is. '•:-. \
:s: s :• Explaining /to -l an , Englishman ' some- 'V '
thing:>. which /that \u25a0 Englishman • has '
never, seen before J usually leaves \u25a0« the
Englishman' just where he was before/
the , explanation began, . and It was , so, ;
\u25a0
The English barber! listened to 'the -.
Peter Parley, ;L^rdClive, Warren i Hast- . '
.ings/ explanatiori/ with many a "My .
word I" and J'Blynie me!"- and "Aye." By .
'. '' aye " hej meant "I ? understand," , ; which ,
. ls:;huniorous .when /one % remembers .it \
was an English ; barber speaking. > '
;•\u25a0 • He conceived the idea, . however/that
the (Japanese . shave , was "all over,'* ."so
,he lathered , his . ; man •'* until his .£ face
./looked Mike a: snowball and -went to !
work. He-/gave^hira the; completest '.'.
: shave , he ? had > ever given \u25a0 any ;' one. ;;
-'When .the/ young sailor . from the. land \u25a0
: of Rising Suri;?stood up there was
V not J a, hair -on' his countenance,", not*
even^thej.vestige: ,of:;an ", eyebrow.'. v - v .'
4 He . might riot \ have cared -\so : much
had ihe - been j a ! woman, for < in ; Japan, ,
women, « that / laC married ; women, often ;
shave ; their; eyebrows. : In -the /rural
districts this ' cußtorni still obtains?; But;
.it was ' not '. f or, rnenl \ especially.- f or : niert ; .
on:fightlng '; ships. /They should ' look :
fierce rather than effeminate. : " /
<,', ; There y^was ; r. a '*, lot ":\u25a0^ said "{ in. .Japanese,,
f. about those - departed ? eyebrows. Had ,
But, with all his preparation, .the :
same thing happens as it has to others.
He? forgets /the whole thing when . hel
stands before the - board. -When ,'the/:
striped clad v fellow enters- the' room,
about the only, thing he sees is a mass
of blurred faces and a chair, , inviting,
empty/ He Is ordered into it ysually
he loses no time in- obeying. His legs
are very wobbly.
/.Seated, both hands gripping the pol
ished edges of the; chair, >; he glances
furtively; about him. The prison, pallor
{is replaced by. a flush and he Is breath
ing 'hard from \u25a0 the ' excitement. : The
ocean of figures resolves' into eight
men, the warden, parole officer, clerk of
;the board arid five* directors,- his court
of appeal. The prisoner is told to_
state his case. The looked for oppor
tunity has arrived and the petitioner's
tongue cleaves to the roof of his dry '
mouth.- At best he mumbles but a few
\u25a0phrases. " \u25a0,* . -
But the < board members understand.
The same little serio-comic skit has just
\u25a0been staged by the preceding convict.
:The one following will do the same. So,
by diplomatic means, the man's story is
pried out piecemeal. They listen to his
broken plea, and then he is dismissed.
'-.'Mentally kicking himself, the pris
oner goes back to his cell. The direc
tors 1011, back in their chairs and smile.
All. they wanted was a good look at
the man. They knew him before he
.entered the door, if he Is considered
.-.. worthy, a parole is granted. Other
wise the convict must remain a while
/and later try again. There .is always
hope, and the door to parole Is never "
closed to first termers.
, The successful applicant is turned over
lo the parole officer, a recent addition
to the system, made necessary by the
great number of convicts at large. The
two have a talk together. The rules
•under which ' he is to be released are \u25a0
explained. The prisoner is told that
he must not touch intoxicating- liquors
or drugs, and should he be found in a
saloon . he commits a breach* of his
parole. Then he is cautioned to report
once a month in' person to the sheriff
of the county in which he is domiciled,
and to make a written statement of
all his doings, the amount of money
earned and how much ,of It he has
saved. There are several oth*r matters
on which be reports, all of whic* are
forwarded to the parole officer. Other
wise his actions are free and uncon
'flned.
The paroled prisoner puts up a.de
posit of $25 (usually furnished by his
employer), to be used to bring him back
to prison should he:, transgress the
parole rules. And then he is released.
This occurs between the Ist and 10th
of the month. - Given his "ticket of
leave," the man goes to his employer
and his work. -_ He is on his honor. He
has his chance, the coveted, longed for
chance to : make good. The result of
the parole system \haa proved encour
aging -indeed. Men /who before con
finement jhad '"allowed '?-- their vicious
tendencies; tp N guide "tliemVhave under
the influence exerted by "parole** be
come temperate, saving citizens. * It is
not putting it. too strongly to say that
the conviction of these men, later lib
erated on probation, has been their
making./ .:>\u25a0,-:
In the great majority of cases, how
ever, the men are merely convicts; vic
tims of one evil circumstance, and not
criminals in the true sense of the word.
Such men only need the chance, and
given the^ proper, conditions they will
take care of themselves.
Look over the records of .these men.
One paroled prisoner,, out three years,
has a bank account of $10,000. An
other- is making '|4oo every month, and
so on down to day laborers, who save
.60 per cent of their wages. AlKare
working and saving. Only one is out
of employment, and he is sick.
By its results is a thing judged. And
the parole system stands today a splen
did success, . an impressive monument
to, the efficacy of liberty restrained only
' by a man's' given word.
the barber . understood .he would have
been filled with consternation. For
tunately, or rather unfortunately for
him, he did riot, and while waiting
for the next man to take the chair
his victim ;pald him a-, tuppence and
departed .with . his friends, all , of them
bowing with the never failing polite
ness'of the east. / \u25a0:
The regular, price of a shave was
three ha'pence and the barber took,
the extra ha'penny as - a tip and sign
of approbation for; the neatness of : his
Job.; /Then, r during:^the/ remainder, of
the day, he S regaled his customers with
accounts Tot \ the ."blooming . hodd" sort
of shave "one" o* them little brown men
off the new warship" ' had .asked for,;
in /the \u25a0 morning, and how he had •"done
him over the face clean like a billiard
ball!" ;'\u25a0 • * 'V \ \u25a0 .-'••.-.-,
In the meantime the brown men had
returned to'} their^ ship and at;irispec
tionj the eyebrowless'one was called
to : account. '^Hls^face was not. in ac-.
cordance with regulations, said the
ficer." , -- It was out of Jtrim . or over
tririirried.^which was "a breach; of dis
cipline .that must/ bo punißhed ; with I
two detention on. board," or., un
til^the^eyebrows 1 should', grow again. '
/•This' -they ; did 'with what >;even "-.to
eastern<patience* v seemed.\uridue delib
eration,"/arid the > owner /of the
new 'adornments swent?. on, ."shore again
and once s.more /visited the/barber. /V
k/The>barber ,'rnade iready/itov give his
guest ; another;"allover f ' but^that : was
not i. the / purpose . of -; the little - brown
man's ; callr/;: One;; "allov/sr", * had -. been
more than ; enough v ' f or ; him. ,__ He was
all, bows^arid ; smiles, ;however^-on the
outslde-^and \u25a0• with his 1 , choicest assort
ment of ; words; he '\u25a0 the- I . barber \u25a0
to <,viaitlthe* warship, ;%-,-> /,
.1 tThe "j, barberK was '\u25a0< happy / to *? go and \u25a0
shut Sup > shop- that* noon 'for, a* "bloomln*
f arf V'oliday'J,; which.^he \ said, it was an
"honor- to J'ave."../ .'.•-' ,v",. \u25a0;;./-,
/"Me ; an'j 'im," : he explained to an ac
quaintance/whbv ohanced( along v as • he
was-;putti-'g?up^his ; '^hutters.^; # IsigoinV
to I hinspect »\u25a0' this | ere f monster - marine ;
shlpTof -.the J Japanese /emperor." '•'.
.VAnd ;the /shutters Abeing^ up./'J along
he /went;%withi hist little -*browß^'com-:
pan I o n.'- JAt \ the i gangwayj the • men -who
had seen Hhe ' allover : shave .were iwalt
The San Francisco Sunday Call
Nightfall in the
Upper Andes
Sybil Russell Bogue
> ( The author of this poem is tkcrtife of Virgil 0- Bojue. vice president
and chief engineer, cf the Western Pacific- and it vas^hUe Mr.Boiae *>as
building a railroad through the Andes thai fe became familiar vith those n>on
derful mountains. Mrs. Hague is' the mother of Mm Vergiha bogtie, v>ko a
to be queen of the Poriola festival.)
Tbe swift curtaining night of tropical lands
Is falling all around;
And the mighty peaks screen the sinking sun;
While their fearsome steeps are drowned
In a pallid mist which settles down
Steadily over the quiet town.
The wide, ancient town, so' quiet now,
Its houses, roofless, too,
With their teeming life forgotten long— * !
Past the reach of conquering blow!
In that city that crowned 'the mountain side .
Desolation and ruin reign < far and wide.
In the darkening depthj I, wandering, dream
Of vanished home and race
On the thronged slopes, that distant time x
Which bequeaths so little trace
Save the terraced, fruitful farming lands
Wrought out 'off these steeps by their • patient \u25a0 hand*.
Thejvdid water and -wall them, foreseeing not,
They dug their unknown -graves;
And, restating, - they should still become
But a crowd of servile «lares •
To a band. of Venturers crude' and bold— » •
Conquerors alone by the greed of gold I
'-•'•\u25a0 " ', *' , y
Could those ancient peoples from their dust
Arisen be today,
What—to us, mere Goths and Vandals here-^
Would those gentle 1 'habitants say? ,
If the conquerors' horses made them gaze,
A mute with terror and amaze.
Would our courser, fire. breathed, with ribs of steel.
Give pause, as she drives along,
Like the spirit of speed, and not less free--'
Free and beautiful, lithe . and ', strong?
Fuming over their chacras old —
Through their ancient huacas' sacred mold I
The cold, gray. mist and the darkness still/ ,
Have. traveled the slopes ; a down^-- :
Shutting out 'alike; from my straining view
Heaven kissed *est and . stream' and' town|
But— one /great ruddy, steadfast light
From the camp shines out into the night;
Where do sleep of Asia's children brown.
Above eleven .score,"
Till the early j morning's strident calJ
To pick and spade once more;
Yonder their sounder brethren lie-
To awaken no more, 'neath foreign sky!
It is said that, in ages long agone.
The voyagers finding Peru
From the far; off Flowery. Kingdom came,
To begin their life anew. . .
Be it true— 'tis strange, these Mongol slaves
Met thus kindred dust- in their alien graves 1
ing for the barber; and his .guide.
First' they \u25a0. made a* tour "of 'the ves
sel, seeing practically all that Visitors
are allowed to see on board a man of
war. . Then " they vwent forward again
and: had. a bite; of -lunch,' about which
all the barber remembers today is that
"them, two sticks Is bloomln' iewkward
to ; stow food away with.'^ . , '
/ That /most deceitful of liquors, the
sake of Japan, Is not allowoi In the
sailors' mess, but perhaps* abrno was
smuggled In * for, the 1 occasion. At any
rate, when the barber came /to he was
in the:very bowels'of the' vessel at. the
bottom of a coal hole, apparently, .with .
nothing: but 'darkness and {grime and
noise about : him. - /
% * He; made -'considerable noise himself
attempting to J attract attention, 'but It
: was : only ; as ; ; a; whisper In; comparison!
, to ; the .din ')\u25a0 on : every , side. .' So he gave
• up .trying -to" yell as' he ganre-up trying^
to find c an/opening ;in tbjp steel walls !
that ; confined -him <or to (climb up on
rivet; heads to 1 get ianywiere. "
•He could Itell ; nothing ctf the .hour or '
the " flight ; of ; time, , but fit? seemed to
him' » v month i bad t pasgedi when a light
shone ".: on"; him -from : alcove, a* ladder
, appeared and : a machinist on a tour > of '
inspection \u25a0 came r down : iand discovered
him.-;> \u25a0 -./,/./. -///i^. i .:/' \u25a0-\u0084 :.- •\u0084\u25a0>
, iTbe ""barber j was ; blacker. ; than"' any >
brown, man . ever "was -by that' time; ! and
though i ; he > had 2 lost Vttrt ', a t stone? : in
weight;, he v was .much /.too \ f or t ; a
; Japanese r sallor/manr^JSo:that;the ma- :
: chinist/.: who . had ... descended
: and .» had j, landed at '\u25a0* thje : bottom / of ; the
: coal j; bunker y on v. an";, altogether t unex
. pected -cushion,* took I but I'lnstant'1 ' Instant's '
r glance iand * flew .up f the a ladder ; he had '
let idown,^thinking.vtjhe^while^of the
goblin \ stories i of : his "
; - When the t barber's J wind s came back
to him he clambered up the ladder th»
machinist had left and •axarysd
through the top of his prison cell Jtwt
in tima to meet a cirda of slant «yed
faces which displayed .as much ex
pression as : Japanese facet ever do
that ,1s next to none at aIL
.The barber's climb up the ladder was
Jnst- enough to exhaust his motive
power.; He rolled over on the deck
and . lay there quite still while a sur
geon operated on him and eventually
discovered that he was white. ,
.There was no end of a "to do" then.
A .; British, subject kidnaped — most un
doubtedly,^ British-^end kidnaped on
board -a foreign battleship lyin» In a
friendly »port; -a .consul general from
the most remote east without precedent
to ~ guide/ him. a minister plenipoten
tiarylathe same predicament, two for
eign offices on opposite aides of the
world J eager ,to i conclude a most Im
portant .treaty,- and also ' at a loss for
precedents, a police force searching day
and ', night,/ a bereaved : family, and a
coal black barber whom none of that
family could .recognize made a mess
which, as they say In England, was
"bad .to beat."
.The. British newspaper reporter, how
ever,* saved the day.. He failed to get
hold of so much as an Inkling; of what
had happened. Disappearances of them
selves: do, not; interest, him. There are
30,000^disappearances annually. in Lon
don,' and of course hot an official of
either, of ?the.' great powers . mentioned
the Investigation that went on among
the' men ; of ;warsmen." That was alto
gether 'subrosa, and" the treaty existing
today.betweeniGreat'Britain and Japan
is evidence that the affair .was adjusted
amicably.' The apologies are estimated
to ' have w el shed : upward '. ©f • half a
ton.