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The San Francisco Sunday Call William A. Du Puy II" a. million . south Europeans come to the United States every year for a century, what will the average Amer ican be like at the end of that time? "What will be the effect of these mil lions of fertile people upon the ulti mate product of..the melting pot? If the American blood becomes largely that of the peasants of those down trodden countries will the dominant traits of the present be lost? These ar£ questions . that are raised by the figures just issued by the com missioner of immigration, for those fig ures sliow a striking accentuation of the Immigration tendency that has de veloped within the last decade. So far has the tendency gone that for the fiscal year just closed it is shown that S3 per cent of all comers have been from the races of south Europe and eastern Asia. The men who are wont to look far ahead in the problems of national weilbeing are becoming more alarmed with the record of each suc ceeding season. For the year ending June 30 last, 1.0 J 1.570 immigrants landed in this country. Of these 865.103 were from the Mediterranean sea countries. But 173,377 were from all the rest of the v.-orl<3 — S3 per cent as against 17 per cent. Even this 17 per cent can not be counted as having a tendency to --' \u25a0 \u25a0 •\u25a0-.-* * - . ~ -. . continue the present American type, for in it is included such distinctly dif ferent races as Japanese, Chinese, Mexi cans, Africans. The point is therefore made that the whole influence of Immigration is to ward breaking down the American cit izenship as it exists today by putting in Its stead the blood of races that heretofore have had nothing to do with Its making. These people have been coming to America for such a short time that the effect that they are des tined to have In the course of amalga mation is an absolutely unknown Qiian- • tity. If the Btream of Immigration con tinues In accordance with the present tendency, the American of the future is to be a new creature under the sun, but whether improved by the process or»mongrel only time can tell. It is possible to form a fairly exact estimate of just what are the sources of the blood of the average American today. The bureau of immigration has the exact figures upon the people who have come from the various countries during the last SO years. These people \u25a0were not greatly different from those who had previously come to the colo nies. The people who lived in America 90 years ago were unquestionably Eng lish to a greater extent than those who have come since, and the percentage of British blood based upon immigration is probably an underestimate. Other wise, the estimate should be fairly- cor rect. This 90 year immigration has amounted to a total of 20,000,000 people. Of these 8,000,000, or a little more than one-fourth, have been British. Of this British element more than 4,000,000 have come from Ireland. In this way WILL THE FUTURE AMERICAN BE A SLAV? It Is shown that the emerald Is.*. .us contributed one-eighth of the blood that has gone to make the American of today. Altogether, since the keeping of records was begun, 5,000,000 of- the 30,000,000 have been shown to be Ger man. This leaves the stamp of one sixth German blood upon the average American. The 2,500,000 Russians who , have landed on these shores havß left \u25a0 a trace which amounts to one-twelfth} of the blood percentage. The coming of the Russian has been so recent, how ever, that hie^blbod is still distinct Italy has contributed 3,000,000 people, . or one-tenth of the recorded blood of the nation. Austria-Hungary has made a Similar contribution. These are still largely distinct also, not showing In the individual average American but playing its part in composite. Scanda navia has contributed 2,000,000 sturdy, . blonde giants and, 'therefore, lays claim to one-fifteenth of the blood of Amer ica. The contribution of France in im '"migrants has amounted to but half a million in the period recorded, but her settlements in the present bounds of the United States previous to that time have probably brought her-blood per centage up to one-flfteenth. The rc .mainlng one-fourth •of the American blood is made up of the peoples of all . the world, including chiefly Nether lands, Switzerland and the recent influx froni south Europe. j Rather a complicated individual is this composite American; but upon ex amination he will' be shown to be al most wholly .'of the races that have Inhabited northern and western Europe and are as distinctly different from . those . other races to the south as' is the great Holsteln x:ow of the dairy from the Mexican longhorn. Any change from the west European type has but begun to show In the last decade. • The history of immigration is inter- ; liiOBAHON COMING FROM THE MEOIJERRANEAN COUNTRIES, M MTfRELY /NEW type mm OESTINEBTO DEVELOP - esting. The charts show that the peo- i pie came to this country in but a trickling stream up to the middle of ' the last century. There were small numbers of German, British and French. Scandinavians barely .showed. -South; Europe had-'not been heard from. -Of ' a sudden, in 1552, Great"Brltain arose and poured 270,000 people into "the* United States. Gold had been founds in the west and the rush was on.'. .Two years later Germany sent over 215,000 ' people; in a single year. 'Nothing* like} this : had ever ; been - heard ' of before, i Greatojßritaln ; never again reached- this point, <i although -intermittently^ great numbers came. over. "In 1888 153,000 , camo over,, but since that time the' numbers have, steadily^decreased. The Irish helped bolster up the decline, but the supply of .immigrants from thatJ island is practlcallyexhausted'and.this year England went ahead of her. Ger mans came . in great numbers, reaching the climax in 1883. ' \u25a0 Since that time fheir numbers have^ steadily v declined. Scandinavia sent over 100,000 people in 1882; but her contribution' has ally declined' also. ' It w^s not until well into'the nineties "that. Italy was heard of as- a ; supply source for immigrants. Since thai time she has made a steady growth in the output. For lOyears^or^niore she of fered • 25,000 i or, 50,000- more with? each recurring season. In 1907; she, reached the "figure 'of 285,000 in a single, year, c breaking',' the : former.'-. big record . of -Great Britain/ .For- the- two years . following' the- temporary hard times hindered the coming of the'ltal ians, : but now : theTflood > is, steadily ; ris lng:and this "one small 'country isifur^ nlshlng- one-fourth ; of / the immigrants that : Uncle; Sam, receives.^ .; ;: \u25a0•:.- \u25a0 - ."With' the ; coming: of "the Italians the spirit "seemed' to; get* among; other,: kin-; dred ; people. ; Austrla r Hungary ;,paral-: leiedithe 'feat of] Italy -in(the -develop- 5 mentof the America enthusiasm. The movement started In the nineties also and; developed in similar proportions. Austria's-- banner year was 1907, also, and 'there she-surpassed -Italy,'- but has since* fallen ; behind. - Russia has trailed | along in the same company with her associates, scoring as many as 258,000 people ' landed; in ' AmericaV in a single year. ; Bulgarians,, Roumanians, Greeks and others of Hhe same \ vicinity have ' been; filled with the isame enthusiasm and the stream' ls being steadily aug ,mented. .The figures for these people are ', now .-' approaching 'the million a year~ mark. -That of the western Europeans^; ;is decreasing toward the low figure- of 100,000,' for the same ;peripd.\ It seems logical to figure the future'on the basis of -a million a year from the Mediter ranean in the^iight of the fact that' that number has been so^. nearly ap proached from in a little over a decade ago. \u25a0 ' ; , - :.'. > \u25a0"'. •_\u25a0 ; ' \u25a0\u25a0'-: *'; '\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 " ->The immigrant of the future is to be the Italian, the, Pole, the. Russian,- the ' Roumanian^ the .^Hungarian, the Sy-~ •jrian.'the Turk, -the Greek. In a hundred years there be, 100,000,000 of him in \- the . -United' States. t;. The j ultimate American. will; find. half, .his blood; made up 'of , the^ ', blood .of '.these Traces. V The .remain Ing portion £ will .-. probably con - '.tinue in something ''like. the proportions in which' .; 11;'1 1 ;'; exists \u25a0 ' today---English,- Irish, German; Scandinavian^ French./ ; But \u25a0 theVpeople ;of ; the .Mediterranean^ ; will predominate and' the question that arises* is 'the- manner.' of man thi3 ulti mate American^ will - s be.' ; : . ; ' \u25a0\u25a0-•• Thef * manner' in which; this 1 great change 1 , in ""the j stream *of ; immigration has ; been brought ;aboutMsfmosti inter-' esting.'> InVGermahyjtlrelahd.vEnglahd, ' Scandanavia,^; the ;•' flow ! has » ceased - f or ; : different ; In> places" the -'ma-; i terial < f rom ; which immigrants, are made has sbeen "exhausted.*; In others Jitlhas^; -been; diverted sto f other/channels^ Orig-^ inal lexploltatioh' infAmericarhas'large- ly -passed ;' and;- the; fallings off 'of sthese. west /Europeans islp"robably,-niorefdue ;, to - this j f act i than"-, to *' anything : else;; for these 'peopleiare byj nature^ pioneers.''.- " W^South'J Europe xhascaVdifferenty kind' 1 : of;p > eople.^Here' i therejlsJ.much'crowd-t , ; ing,'?-much f oppression, '^ much poverty. - There are no soldiers of fortune or adventurers' among these people. They are "toilers. Sometimes they are out laws — members of dire secret societies. Always they are men who have had no chance in life. Their station Is that of the peasant. They, are uncouth and unattractive. They fall far short of measuring up to the American stand ard. . *:? From -among these people a score of years ago a f ew found their way to America. Fugitives from the laws were probably the first. In the new land they set to work, as had been their custom at home. They were willing to labor hard and uncomplainingly. They received the" wages of the new land. At first they were unable to grasp the fact that they were actually entitled to such vast sums. For a day they were paid the equivalent of a month's salary at home. They hoarded the precious money. Soon they were able to send home for other s members of their fami lies. Perhaps they went home and told the , tale of ; their ? fortune. They were not believed. But a. few -were induced to attempt to duplicate, their accom plishment. These "latter; told the same story.' So - many told the story of wealth . and ; sent < home the.rlches that proved .; it that the* peasants came to believe. Every man who came to Amer ica started an endless chain. He wrote home of his exploits. His letters were read to, the neighbors. '..The; whole vil lage became familiar with them. Each successful . immigrant of this year meant a score next year. The tendency has been for^the movement to pyramid itself. They, are pouring into the land of opportunity.. The. tide! is still rising. There Is an unhealthy -stimulus given to the movement by,' certain companies and .money loaning agencies, a.3 these have great opportunity to ex ploit the immigrant. Commissioner Keefe in speaking of 'the -findings of one of his agents 'in this connection says:' . \u25a0"-;\u25a0; ' '•He shows quite clearly that all of the steamship lines engaged in bringing aliens from Europe to this country have persistently and systematically violated the lawboth In its; letter and spirit by .making use of every possible means to encourage the. peasants of Europe to purchase tickets over their . lines to this; country. They' have, issued cir culars and advertisements and made use of extensive correspondence, some of it spurious in character, to impress the peasants .with the belief that , employ ment with high wages could be prompt ly secured on landing In the' United States. Some of them have joined hand.s with money lenders and other sharks for .the purpose of exploiting the prospective passengers, providing them with passage under a credit sys tem* which- amounted almost to robbery and assuring -themselves against loss by taking mortgages and joinf notes. Some of them • • • - have quite "eyi- - dently operated regular .employment agencies in this country In connection with their transportation business and -have ' used 'these* agencies : : not only as a means of placing the aliens 'in employ .ment (in which, of course, they could have no direct Interest), 'butto further the transportation." business \u25a0by making >he? fact : of i ; their . securing : prompt em ployment -the -basis for effective com munications, written and oral, to other parties they * desi red to } Induce^ to emi grate." \u2666- - \u25a0\u25a0'\u25a0.: ; - •\u25a0.-\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 •\u25a0- *.. :-,•-\u25a0•\u25a0--< ;.?-.,.»,.-\u25a0 ; Through' the medium ! of- these 5 -two agencies Uheiwhole of southern Europe is-looking> toward" America. -The spirit has; permeated \u25a0 Into -western 'Asia;- and \u25a0 the tmovement^ from UhatV section* ' is istartlng.-!; The' peasants are mortgaging every earthly possession- that"the r price of; passage: for *some: of? their "number may bo raised. -Then,Uhisv forerunner ' bf.a family makes \u25a0Arnerlcan : money T and' others, are •brought jover.^ ;"• \u0084 " : From .t the • standpoint "of ".'the - Immi grant ; and -j the ;-: upl \t ter "great pood " is - being done for the man who'had'neVer known hope la being given the bless ing of the prosperity and better living. But from the standpoint of America the problem is different. "Whether or not the ultimata American whose blood is half south European and that of kin dred races will be an Inferior man to the same product If the blood of th* typical American of today had been maintained, is the vital question.! 4/ Here the man of science comes for ward to reassure the fearful. "We are told that the matter of race and hered ity in man is not subject to the sama Influences as In the lower animals, that man is more a creature of environment. It takes many generations, for In stance, to affect tha strain of tha Jer sey cow when unmlxej with other strains.- Tha sole province of tha cow, however, is to eat and furnish the fam ily with milk. She takes no thought and makes no effort to Improve her \u25a0 condition. . . But if a peasant boy from Roumania or an Irish lad from the old Sod are ' each transplanted early to America, tha ! man resulting Is In each case vastly . different from J tha parent. The environment proves to have much more to do with tha making of that man than had the element of birth. Two men may be twins and grow up . under identical circumstances until they ..are 20 and will look so nearly alika that their frienJs may make tha mistake of calling one by the name of the other. Then one goes west and become a stage driver and the other enters tha ministry. In 10 years the resemblance la entirely gone. The environment \ot each has made of him a different man. The people of southern Europe have Within them the germ of fitness. Th« Greeks of today are descendants of the race that at one time acquired a greater degree of culture than any race before or. since. The blood of the Italians coursed . In the- veins of the Romans •when they Were the conquerors, of th« world. The latent talent of the Poles develops now and again an artist, a writer, a musician that sets the world; agog. As a matter of fact. all these races have gone into the malting of tha Englishman of today. There is a strong strain of the Roman In the man of Ireland. The Jews have been great in all nations. The unfltness of the south European today is more due to circumstances than blood. Again the historian comes forward to reassure the timorous. He states that the dominant races of all times have been those that have resulted from the mixture of people. Races ha vq advanced just in proportion to the in terchange of blood. ThQ interchange develops vitality, versatility, capacity. It has made the American people of today the most effective people In, the worlds; There is a Jaw of heredity -whiqh. stipulates that the traits of the - stronger of • intermixed races shall dominate and ultimately crowd tha traits of weakness out of existence. This law will eliminate the inferior of the .immigrants in the end. Yet these immigrants, are not ordinarily inferior. They are men of strenjrth and charac ter, or. they would not bs able to throw off the handicap of their original en . vironment and get to America." The obstacles that . they surmount in doing this' are stupendous. It. is but the select 1 strong . Individuals that dolt. ,The people .coming to "America are the selected fittest of all the countries from r which they come. They will b» yet. stronger -in the generations - that are to come. They may be half Slavic. but they will still be the best men that the 'world has produced. "The men of the* lofty {brows say these things ara true. ,-They have looked :in the « book and juggled the "nth** power figures.. ln fact, they have the dope and we have .but to -"take it from them, * reassure ... ourselves :and .cease Iworrylng ,for that unappreciated posterity which has ' never done anything for' ua.