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VOLUME 4. £eltct foclrj. WHO 18 MY NEIGHBOR ? Thr neighbor t It 1* whom thou Han power to aid and bless ; WLoie achin/ head or burning brow Thy soothing band nmj preta. Thy neighbor ? Tls th* fainting poor Whosw eye with want it dim, When hangar vends from door— Uo thou and succor him I Thy neighbor ? 'Tis that weary man, Whose years are at their brim. Bent low with sickness, care and pains— Go thou and comfort him ! Thy neighbor J 'Tis th* heart bereft of every eartbiy gem ; Widow and orphan, helpless left— Uo tboa and shelter thsml Thy neighbor 1 Yonder toiling slave, retter'd in thought nod limb, Whose hopes are all beyend the grate— Go thou and ransom him! Whene'r thou meet'st a human form Less favored than thine own, Remember tis thy neighbor worm, Then go and comfort him. PHILADELPHIA'S WELCOME To General Phil. Sheridan. [From the Philadelphia North American.] On his way through this city Wednes day, Major General Sheridan rccieved that particular kind of reception at the hands of our people that is given only to itx most houore I guests. When the Ja|ienese Embassy oauic here, some years ago, the emir* population poured itself into the streets. We have seen vast masses of people gathered on many an occasion ; but It is on very rare oecanions that we tiud our populatiou leaving their domiciles and sallying lorth upou the highways as they did eduesday alter buou, thousonds upon thousands. 'I he imfiort of a great gathering like this is not always to be judged hy its bumerical extent ; a quick eje can tell from the spirit and temper ot ti g.i tier ing of the people i«e .limn) < tli.ii liritig* it together. Curiosity iha potent in ig net. and there are many others ot equal power i>! attraction ; out since the day that the bouy oi me *1 irtji I.inc. In la) instate in l'riepe ne? 11 nil. there has tie*n no stirh iieu.on- ritive gathering in Pmladei t mi ■« tin wnijd 1 si ni<<ltt throng *t the Mreeia through which moved the | r icesau i of tinlitaiy and ci vilians that ei-c nted troiu the Baltimore depot to the CouMucntal ihe much be lovod hero of Winchester, General Phil, ip Sheridan. For, down deep in the heart of th« loyal city lios a love for the patriot sol - ot the Union. Even the Demo cratic opponent of the war shares in thi« feeling, and knows, as well as we, the difference between the soldier who fought for the country at loss to himself and the soldier who, obtaining rank in the service, made more tnouey by his pay than he ever did in time of peace, and was only too sorry when the war was ended. Wirepullers and politicians put ting such men upon their tickets may seek to laud the fame of the soldier and borrow reflected light from his glory.but the trick will not answer—the people see anti understand it. General Sheridan arrived in a special oar from Washington in the evening at About six o'clock. A gun fired from the Baltimore depot signalled the incoms ing of the train. There were a dense crowd of people all around tbo vieinity long previous to that time. Far down Broad street, and the lateral Streets, and as far as tbe eye could extend northward stretched a sea of heads through which Cordons of patient poli'emen kept an open channel. The authorised few,con. eisting of prominent members of the Union League, Hon. Simon Cameron,and the Mayor of the city, recieved the gal lant soldier as the train rolled into the gateway. The passengers by the train flocked tutuultuously out, iu hope of hearing a speech from General Sheridan. They should have better known their man In less time than is required to write the fact, Gen. Sheridan was in the splendid barouche prepared to recievc him, with lion, Simon Cameron and the Mayor, and wus in the line of the vast process ion to escoit him to the quarters prepar ed tor hiui. The line then moved up Broad street, amid such cheers thai, if heard at Wash ingtun, might possibly produce vine tangib'e result in the viciuity of the Whitfe House. The head cf the line was constituted by the First Di vision td Pennsylvania Militia, bomfttanded by (General Charles M. Provost. The ranks were very lull, HUd the Rose, ves,the Wa;hmgtou Grays, Baxter's Kiie Zouaves, ihfc Weceacoe Legion, and Colonel Brady's artillc.y, looked hiost finely BefoH? ihfc war we could have mnde no such exhibition,and even theitfl'dierly eye o' the gallaiitjgiiest tnust have obst-it'cd the true military piecision ol their mo<etuenls. Fine military bands an i.hij anicd the soldiery, and this pint of ihc procession was its crowning glory. In opi n carriages uext came General Sheridan and staff. 1 he L iiu'B League, in full numbers, followed, paying lo the guest of th» oc casion a compliment that, on but three or four occasions before, has been accorded to any one. The National Union Club came next in line, and in lull numbers. Both carried their insignia and bauners. and both were accouipauied by martial bands. The Republican lovinciblbs, the pride ■nd the flower of our patriotic youth, followed. They turned out to the num ber ot twenty one companies. Compa ny A, composed over one hundred young men from the business circles of the eity, commanded by Cuptaio T. 11. B. Fraley, lias done yeoman service during two campaigns, and will do it, let us hope, for years to oomc. Major General AMERICAN CITIZEN. Sickel marshaled this part of the pro cessiou, and nobody could have better done it. The Fire Department made a eplend> id display. To name all the companies in the line would be impossible. Those whose names we bare omitted, if any, will understand that to write in the midst of a throng packed like figs in a ilrum is a task that verges closely upon the impossible. The Chief Marshal, Charles Darragh; was assisted by aids, as follows: Charles B. Mullen, Good Will Engine; Samuel Henderson, Fame Hose; J. H. Dallas, Shiffler Hose. The Divis ion Marshals were as follows : First- Chief, Daniel Stokes, Fame Hose. Aids, John W. Garvey, Good Intent Hose; Lewis Sheets, Northern Liberty Engine. Steond—Chief, R. N. Nichuals, West Philadelphia Hose. Aids, James Pol lock, Harmony Engine; Abraham Jacobs Independence Hose. Third—Chief,Chas. C Overbeck, Good Will Engine. Aids, l'". Reutschler, Lalayette IIosc; W. Wuolmau, Union Hose. Fourth—Chief F. Everett, Decatur Engine. Aids,Geo. Bluukley, West Philadelphia Hose ; E. Nickel, Taykr llose. We not ec the Good Will Kngine, Shiffor Lafayette Hose, William Penu lloso, Iranktin Engine, Reliance Engine, West Philadelphia Hose, Feb lownbip Engiue of Germantown, Lincoln Hose, Washington Engine, Hibernia En gine. Harmony Engine, Northern Liber ty Engine,America Engine, Taylor Hose, SuUiliwaik Engine and Liuiuii Hoe,e,and missed tnauy o hers whose names we could not possibly sit down. A .ong cavalcade of citizens came af' tct the tire men, and by them the proces sion wus extended to a much greater leu^th. otcpheu T. Soudcr, Esq., Robert R Corson, Esq ; Heury .. . Gray, Esq.; Lieuteuani Galloway C. Morris, Colonel Georye L Wagner and Major Clayton MDCU'iiohard oiU eikeient duty as aids to Hie Marsiiai. 1 lie pr./eos.-iou moved up Broad street to Arch. dOwu Arch to iw.llih, d-ivvn i weiiib to Chestnut, down Chestnut lo ilie UuDliiaiutiil iiotel, una iheie dis missed. Bunting, in red, white and blue, was displayed profusely along the eutire rou;e Many of the private residences were illuminated from ground floor to root peak. Horticultural Hall, at which a splendid annual exhibition was in pro gress, flashed with light from every win dow as the line moved by. The flag of the Society, in red, white and greeu,liad been displaced in the afternoon by the patriotic hands of Dr. Rodney King, E*q., President of the Pennsylvanfa Horticultural Society, to give place, in especial honor to General Sheridan, to the red, white and blue. The Union League House was literal ly ablate with gas jets, forming words of welcome to the honored soldier sent from New Orleans to Kansas by President Johnson. The procession moved with sotne difficulty, in consequence of the pressure of the crowd, but it reached at last the Continental, and by the Ninth street entranco General Sberidan was es corted up its ample staircase. Of course he was compelled to show himself upon the balcony. There was no light there, and a dozen members of the Harmony Hose Company with their torches did duty as link-bearers. Gen eral Sheridan, General Cameron and the Mayor,each carrying a booquct,stood by the window. General Sheridan looked out in some amnzement upon the dense multitude of people. "You have a great crowd here, Mr. Mayor," he said to Mr. McMichael.— here do they all come from ?" "Ah !" was the reply, ! 'they oaly had twenty-four hours' notice that you were coming. If they had known it forty eight hours ago, you would have seen something like a crowd. General Sheridan stepped upon the balcony, and then the welkin rang. The checriug was that particular kind that couics from the liea-t— the cheering that when a man knows he is its object, tells him that a people love and honor him But no speech did he make,though cheer followed upon like billow upon billow, when a great tide mils in upon the strand. "Gmid niyht, good night, good night, gentlemen." I lus w.-s General Sheridan's speech Having made it he retired, and whatev er else he said was said in tlie privacy of a banquet given to h in by h.s Philadel phia frie..ds when all outside of it was completed ' LITTLE I'HII. SHERIDAN" AT INDE TENHKNCE HALL. —A dense sonC'ufse of people Kwelled around the State House Thursday UIB.II, eager to get at least a gliuipse i■*' the gallant hero of the im. mortal "Riile, It was iiudf rslood that the hero would be formally r.eicetl by the Mayor and Councils of ibe eity, at the hour Of twelve and a half o'clock So great was the pressure that strong cordons of pi)ltc«? wore necessary to keep open a way through which the honored guest could pass. Some time before the hour appointed for the reception the way was made clear, and all save those authorized to be present were politely invited to retiro.— The task was by no nicabs an easy one, for the multitude was great, and the cu riosity to look upon the honest face < 112 the brave Sheridan was something akin to irrepressible. But a space was ulti mately cleared, and a few minutes before one o'clock the two branches of City Councils were called to order in their re spective chambers. President Spering of Select Council, and Mareer, of Com mon Council, were promptly in their plaoee. The Mayor heading, the two "Let trs-have Faith that Right makes Might j and in that Faith let us, to the end, dare to do our duty as we understand it"— A - Lincoln BUTLER, BUTLER COUNTY, PENN'A, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1867- bodies then moved to the rear of the Hall flanked by the two Presidents of Coun cils, and took up a position at the rear of the Hall, the members of Councils form ing a close line on either side, reaching to the door of entrance, A vociferous and reverbfating salve of shouts outside soon afterwards announced the approach of "Cavalry Phil," the honored guest of the occasion. He was resplendent in his foil uniform, looking ns he is, every inch the fighting soldier He alighted from his carriage, with his staff, amid cheers that resounded far and wide from the gathered multitude.— Brigadier General Forsyth, Colonel For syth and Lieutenant Colonel J. S. Cros by, of his personal staff, also fully uni formed, alighted with him. But that the police, stern and inexorable, kept off all approach, the General would have been subjected to as annoying a hand-shaking as he was obliged to endure the night before, when he came in at the Baltimore depot. The visitor qioved briskly through the lines of poli -c,atM thence into Independ ence Hall, where renewed cheeis greet ed their coming. Mayor McMichael advanced from his position half way to the .door, and thus said : General • Here, in the birth place of the republic—here, where the Declara tion of Independence was adopted and proclaimed, tbe city of Philadelphia, through its constituted authorities, bids you vfrelcoiue; you, who have fought so gallantly in guarding the life of the re public ; you, who have acted so wisely in maintaining the principles of the Dec laration. It is not possible for me to put into adequate speech ihe feelings that prompt this welcome, and I shall not attempt it. Intensely loyal as this community was during the war to crush the rebellion, it delights to honor those who marshalled our armies and led them to victory—iu tensely national as this eomnjunity now is, it delights to h.oior those who arc earnest in the pun so that the triumph ot Jaw shall equal I lie tiiuuiph of the battlefield, iu both these respects it rec ognizes in you one wh • is pre-eminently deserving. Three years ago the whole country rung with your exploits in Vir ginia; to-day the whole couutry ring* with your exploits in Louisiana. The fiery courage which hurled back the legioas who sought, to destroy the national flag finds its fitting counterpart in the stead last devotiou that resists all efforts to im pair the national supremacy. General : For you and such as you eulogiutns are needless. Your own true heart faithfully interprets to you the sympathies of the nation you have seiv ed and are still serving ro well. But while this is so, my fellow-citizens, in whose behalf I am now speaking, would not forgive me if I did not at least say that among tbe heroes whose deeds were most inspiring, none stands higher in their affections than Cavalry Sheridan ; among the martyrs who have suffered in their cause none fills them with more profound respect than the deposed com mander of the fifth military district. General: I have now the honor to in troduce to you the Councils of Philadel phia, and in their name, and the name of the people of the city, again I bid you welcome. General Sheridan thus responded : "I regret very much that I am una ble to express my appreciation of the high honor which you have conferred upon me. I can only say that it will highly gratify me if you will convey to the Councils of the city of Philadelphia and to its citizens my heartfelt thanks fur this kind reception. I regret very much that I am not able to more appro priately express my appreciation." This was all that the honored visitor <?ould say. A person'] introduction to the. members of Councils was next in or der, and this done,the doors were thrown open, and the Hero of Winchester and the Shenandoah received the congrafula. tions of the citizens in geucral. TIIE SEttENADE. Toward midnight Broad street began to fill, and soon to overflow. The poo- Ile came from all directions, and it was'nt long before farther than the eye could reach, there extended a sea of heads. It was known all through the city that Generals Sheridan and Sickles would be serenaded, and though the peo ple knew that General Sheridan makes no speeches, they were bent upon at least getting a sight of him. The band raised its brazen melody in front of the League, Jaut the multitude silenced it by their calls for Sheridan and Pickles. Geueral Wagner made a few prefato ry remarks, as thus : Generals .Sheridan »nd Rfrkles, Com rades of the Vrni|r of the Republic: Permit me. in the naiip and in lehlaf of tbe Grand Army < 112 the Republic of the Department of Pennsylvania, to ex ttiid to you a rnoft cardial welcome to our midst. Many of my comrades now before you were among those who dur ing rebellion looked to you to lead them upon the enemy, and snatch vic tory even in the jaws of death. At Ce dar Creek, where you (General Sheridan sent Early whirling up the valley ; at Five Forks, where the rebels recived their final overthrow at your bands ; at Gettysburg, where you (General Sickles) led us upon rebel hordes, and where you gave your good right limb for the safety of our own State—on many another field amidst carnage and blood, wo were in spired by your example fo deeds of dar ing for our flcg and our beloved land. True to the ccuntry then, in its hour of danger from armed treason, we find you still true in its preseut hour of dan ger from covert rebellion. As we fol lowed you then in the fight, so will we follow you now in your efforts to recon struct the south upon the basis of the will of loyal men. as expressed by the acts of Congress, and as victory and glory and honor rewarded you then, so will glory and honor be your portion in these days of political contest. in the name of toy comrades, I beg to bid you welcome, and to assure you of pur continued fealty to the cause of freedom, of liberty, to our Bag and our country. He then introduced Major General Phil. Sheridan, amid vociferous peals of applause—applause calculated to bring an attack of billious colic upon every ad mirer of Mr. Johnson, or candidate for Democratic place or office. General Sheridan said simply this. Comrades, I have had many proud days of late many a day of exultation and delight. I have felt them both when carrying the flag of victory on the battle field. I have been gratified during the last four years on many days, but I do assure you, heartily assure you, that I never felt prouder than I do this day in being welcomed hsre by the Union League and by the citizens of this loyal Philadelphia. The shouts that went up as the Gen eral retired were huge in their dimen sions, if sounds have a tangible volume or the terra be admissible. Next came calls for General Sickles, who laying aside his crutches aud resting upon the bulcouy, thus spoke: Comrades, I am glad to see you, one and oil, and thank you for these ex*, pressious of attachment and regard. This meeting recalls the tiaio when the country was in peril; and Scott was hoJdiug Washington for the inaugura tion of Lincoln, and Cameron was filling the arsenals Floyd had emptied ; when Stanton, the great war minister of mod ern times, created the armies that won tho day at Antietarn, Shiloh, Gettysburg Chattanooga. Winchester and Richmond. (Cheers) We recall the day when crouch ing rebellion held Sheridan's stirrup while he mounted for his ride through the valley. (Prolonged shouts) We see llancock repelling the enemy's last charge on Cemetery Ridge; wo see Lee sutreuder his sword and his army to Grant—in vincible in the field, trust worthp in couneil. Yet peace has her victories also. Now the government ia engaged in the con servative duty of organizing loyal civil authority in the Rebel States. Of ooursc this can only be done by giving the right to vote to all tho loyal people lit the south, (applause.) And until loyal State governments are established Con' grcss must retain control. No other means being possible, military officers have been Rent to execute the laws of Congress, preserve order, protect tho loyal people, and superiutend the forma tion of State governments. It has beeen said that congressional action and military protection were un necessary. Let us see about that for a moment. Tho Legislature of South Carolina, in 1865, passed a law. approv ed by Mr. Perry, the Provisional Gov ernor, reorganizing the militia of the State. By that law any officer of the militia was authorized, in the exercise of his own discretion to call out his com* mand and shoot down, disperse, kill and destroy any assemblage of freed people of color found anywhere under circum stances that, in the opinion of tho officer meant mischief. That law was suspend ed by military authority. And Congress prohibited all such militia. (Cheers for Congress and Gen. Sickles.) In North Carolina, in 1865, a law was passed legalizing all transactions of guar dians, executors and trustees by which the property of widows and orphan chil dren was turoau into confederate money and confederate bonds, went to bolster np the rebellion and impoverish the women and children to whom it belong od. This law was revoked by military authority. A worthy cititcn of New York, whose name is McLaughlin, went to South Carolina soon after the war and hired an abandoned plantation from tho Freedmen's Bureau, in whose charge it was placed by law. McLaughlin planted and raised a crop, when along came the returned rebel who claimed the land, had him putin prisou uutil he could find forty thousand dollars bail for tresspass, and took possession of the land and crops of "Shame !" "shame !") That is a specimen of the treatment northern settlers would have reeeived in the absence of the military protection since given by Congress. In Caswe'l coun'y. North Carolina, during the war, a loyal resident, while escaping from the enemy's lines to ours, where he after l wards did good service, took without leave, one night, a piece of baccs for tubsistcnce on the march When he re turned home alter the war was supposed to be over, he was arrested tried on tho charge of burglary, and sentenced to be hung, and to pay the costs. (Laughter and cheering. While he was awaiting trial and pend ing the execution of the sentence, the prisoner was chained inside of an iron cage and kept there for a year, without a blanket even in winter. Information of his case having reached the military' the case was undergoing in* vestigation when the Governor of North Carolina, in the exercise of power given to him by the military commander, par doned tho maq. The Costa not having been paid, on account of the poverty of the poor fe!low, he waa confined for sopie time afterwards in trie same place, until released by military authority. Hero is ao illustration of what must hare been the late of loyal refugees if the govern ment had not affordei them military pro* teetion. Three thousand schools for the edui cation of freey people have been estab* lished under the protection of our bayo* nets. Two hundred and fifty thousand colored people attend these schools. Nor has our presence aided only our loyal friends, whom we were bound in honor and humanity to protect. Assured of justice, free labor has produced this year two million five hund.ed thousand bales of cotton, and the largest crop of grain raised in many years. The value of thin crop in money is more thuu two hundred millions of dollars. Its value to the population of the south can only be mensural by the esti mate to be put on their lives; for with out it they must have periched by famine And yet without military protection the freedmen would have (led from their old masters and sought security aud employ ment in the free States. Congress did not send us there to compel the rebels (o pay the expenses of the war, as Bis marck would have done. The north is paying the costs of the rebellion alter winning the victory, and we have been helping our former adversaries to foed and clpthe themselves, and to recover from the ruin in which they have in volved themselves. (The crowd here became very much excited.) Uistory may be challenged for another instance in which vanquished enemies have been so generously treated by their conquer* ors. My strength and your patience will not hold out if my remarks be prolonged. (Cries of"Go on ! we liko to hear you." "Don't stop !") I will add one 'or two observations, with your indulgence, be fore I bay "Good night." Comrades, "This government is a re public, where the will of thepeple is the law of the land." This maxim, so full of wisdom and truth, we have from Grant the General-in-Chief of our armies. No military authority has been exerswpd in the rebel States not authorized by Congress and sanctions.! by the laws of the land. Military force is there only to execute the laws. Under military protection loyal civil governments will ba established.jnnd maintained by ballots putin the hands of loyal men. If that could have been done ten years ago we would have had no rebellion. If we do it now,we will not have another. Have no fear that the colored race will not know their friends from their foes. Their hearts, full of gratitude, will gov ern their conduct as citizens. Loyalty and order are to them almost as sacred as religion. Indeed, they believe their deliverance to be the work of Providence. Safe arid trusted at home, they will con tribute vastly to tlio resources of the na tion, and take nothing away from the employments or tho franchise of any oth race or class. Within the sound of my voice is tho spot where the sublime truth was pro claimed that "all men are created freo and equal." Upon this rock our repub lican institutions are built. No power can prevail against it. Comrades! Let us not forget our brave companions who fell in the war for the Union. Their shroudless forms lie bur* ied in many a forest and field, like au tumn leaves. Their nameloss graves are numbered only by the recording angel. Let us sometimes listen to thoir sad voic es, mournful as muffled drums, and heard even through the yielding sod. They say to us now, "Brothers—You who are spared—leave not undone the work we did not live to help you do." This closed the exercises of an even ing that no parcipitant could fail to have enjoyed. ] # A REMARKABLE LAKE. —The Jacksonville (Origin) Sentinel of a fate date M.ya: ■Several of our citizens returned last week from n visit to the .Sunken Lake, situated in rheCascad* Mountains, about seventy-five miles north-east from Jacksonville. This lake rivals the famous valley of Sinbad the Sail or. It is thought to average two thousand feet down to the water all around. The walls are almost perpendicular, running down into the water, and leaving no beach. Tho doptli of ihe water is unknown, and its surfaoe is smooth and unruffled, and it lies so far below the surface of the mountain that the air currents do not effect it. Its length is estimated nt twelve miles, and its breadth at ten. No living man ever has, and prob ably never will tie able to reach the water's edge. It lies silont, still and mysterious in the bosom of the 'everlasting hill,' like a huge well, scooped out by the hands of ■ he giant genii of the mountain in unknown ages gone by, and around it the primeval forests Wdtch and ward nre keeping. The visiting party fired a rifle (several times in the water at an angle of foty.five degrees and were able to denote severat seconds of time to froth the report of the gun until the hall struck the witter. Such seems incred ible, bur is vouched forhv s..me of our most lru«tworthy citizens. The lake is certainly a most remarkable curiosity. CAN ANT ONE TELL.— Can snv one tell why men who cannot pay small bills, can always find money to bay liquors, and treat happening among their friends ? Can any one tell how young then who dodge their washerwoman and are always behind with tehir landlords, can play bil liards night and day, and are always r«ady for a game of poker or seven-up ? Can any one tell how men live and support their families who have no income and do not work, while others who are industrious and constantly employed, half starve ? Can any one tell how it is that a man who ia too poor to pay for a newspaper, is able to pay a dollars or two a week for tobac co, whiskey or eigrra ? "SAM," yid one little urchin to acother "dtesyour schoolmaster ever give yuu any reward of merit 1" "I suppose he" dose/' was the reply ; " he gives me a lickin' reg» ular every day, and saya I merit two;" CONGRESS AND THE 00N8TT- The attempt to represent Congress as acting outside of the Constitution it its reconstruction laws, and as having bet aside the great charter of our liberties for the purpose of usurping aud fielding despotic authority never oontemplated by the founder of the government, began with Presideut Jouson, aud has been followed up iudustriously by nil the cop pcrheuds and rebels wh> coustituto the army of his supporters, by the i'c-.v weak minded or corrupt recreaut Republican? and camp followerswho left the great loyal orgauizatiou for the sake of the loaves and fishes of official patronage, and by such extreme Radicals as wish to drive the party iuto ultra measures at whlah the majority revolt. But, by whomsoever, urged, this charge is wicked and most deleterious to all the best in terests of the Republic. No political organization our history has ever escaped charges of this kind, so that it can hard ly be a matter of wonder in the present lease, But againstthe reconstruction acts or Congress the allegations have been most violoutly urged, because the Presi dent has desired that excuse for no t en forcing them. General Sickles has briefly roplied to these charges by referring to the decis ion of the Supreme Court in the New Mexico ease, IU which it was distinctly affirmed that the irilitary occupation of the territory of un enemy supersedes ill civil government existing there, and furthermore, that the orders, ordinances and regulation'! made by the military commander remained in force until su* perseded by Congress, or by a looal civil government created by Congress. It cannot reasonably be disputed that the conquered territory occupied by our armies at the olose of the war was aud had been that held by an enemy for four years (or, although constituting a portion of our national domain, it was beyond our control entirely during all that poriod in consequence of being forcibly seized and held by a rebellion of the inhabit ants thereof. That the body of thorebels constituted an "enemy" in the eye of tho law is clear. That this was the "enemy's territory" contemplated by the decision in question is not less clear. They had lived there all their lives, they had ruled it civilly during all that tisio, aud though belong ing to the national empire, it was their territory also. Until the rebellion was orushed that condition of things retrain ed. We had not lost our torritory. It was forcibly held by tho other portion of the national partnership, and when the suit at arms was decided in our favor, tho forcible detainer was ended, and the property passed into the absolute control of the common sovereignty for the pur poses ot the final adjustment. This is as much good sound law as it is common sense. We had not lost any portion of our sovereign rights over this territory because it happened lo have passed out of our possession into that of an enemy in arms against us. Our rights were only in obeyance, and awaiting tho drbitr*- ment of war- Hut it 19 contended that, admitting this, the conquest decided nothing than the permanent sovereignty, and thai under the Constitution the right* of the subjugated States then became valid again on their sab'nissiou to the laws. The decision in tho New Mexico oase does not admit of this construction ; for if it did, we coiild not continue the mil itary occupation for the purpose of sc curing the fruits of dur conquest or pro tecting loyal citizens against outrage, and had tl at been the case, the tebel armies might all have been immediately reorgan ized, and, taking their stand by their State governments, have contented them selves with protecting their rebei author ities in nullifying our laws. So eminent was this danger that it led to the adop tion of President Johnson's reconstruc tion measures, whereby the rebel State governments were swept aside and new ones substituted. As it would have been impossible to govern these States by the military au thority alone without the aid of civil or ganization, these measures of the Presi dent were useful as transition stages in the work of reconstruction, and answer ed well an far as they went. They had no other authority than what was deriv ed from the decision of tho Supreme Court in the New Mexico case. But the subsequent recreant course of the Presi dent revived the rebel spirit, and renders it impossible for Congress to be content with so imperlect a result of so great a struggle. It was then perfectly compe tent for Congress, in the exercise of the power to be vested in it by the language of the New Mexico decision, to restore the military occupation, which was done in a mild form ; to subject the new State governments to it, and provide new ma chinery of reconstruction, under requires nicnts specifically set down, and not in any sense unconstitutional, because the power of Congress in this conqurred ter ritory had became as«supreme and abso lute as in auy of the other unorganized national territories. This was, indeed, in point offset, the condition into which tho conquered States had upset by the protracted civil war. All the civil organization being involved in the crime or rebellion, had ceased to have a legal existence in the eye of the national laws. President Johnson virtually so declared when he removed all their power, subverted their authority and set up new governments of his own. They were unorganized ter ritories, and, like all such, subjects to the military authority. Unorganised territories can never obtain any legal or- NUMBER 4St ganization in this republic in anjf other way than such a. may be pointed oat by Congress. What the President did wu to establish provisional governments. But until Congress should formally reo ognise them they were not legal Stati organizations. All this is as maej the law under the view of the Supreme Courtas nnythlhg over adjudioated by that high tribunal.— Philadelphia North American. i HAIL TO THE CHtEFi Major General Philip H. Sheridsrf has been honored with a reeeptien It f Philadelphia by the oitizens and puhjio authorities commensurate' with his em inent services The event reflect! honor upon our people, who have thus shown their sense of appreciation of the high deserts of ono of the most chivalrous sol* ■ diers of the age, whose name and fame have flown abroad to the ends of the earth, and are discussed in the pages of the Paris Revue det Deux Mundcs as readily as in the journals of our own lair land. General Sheridan comes hither from the capital of the nation, to which he was summoned from a post of duty where he was rendering the tnqst devoted and essential | service to his country, and to the great cause of tepab lican liberty, with all that combination of energy and shrewdness for which bis career was so remarkable, and where, bad he been allowed to remain, he would have finishod tip his work' in the same brilliant style that characterized his remarkablo military campaigns daring the civil war. This is no holiday, soldier, who has worn his rcputaticfti threadbare in ffta ding it through home service; no am bitious civilian, seeking elevation through military rank ; no beaten general, claim ing credit for masterly retreats or Won drous stratogy that ended in nothing. It is a beau tabrcur as famous as Murat —a soldier whose, very name hasVbeen a tower of Btrength to his army, and from whose headquarters in tho saddle trinmph waved her starry emblem over every, field to which he rodo with the rush of the whirlwind, bearing electric fury to his nwn men and terror to his foes' It is such a man as this, so honorod by his own troops, so loved by his count rymen, so admired by the civilized world, and of whom the Gencral-in\Cbief sai<l : that he was able to command all the armies of the republic with signal Sac cess, that our accidental President has chosen to rebuko by removiug him from the command of the military district to which he had been appointed—not be cause of any dereliction of duty, not be cause of disobedience of orders; not be oause of failure to fulfill tho objects of his mission—for of none of theso has he been accused—but for adhering to the strict letter of his duty, as laid down in the reconstruction laws of Congress, for refusing to allow rehol traitors to nullify these laws, for depriviug rebels of the official power af mischief, and placing the responsibilities of civil posts upon loyal and patriotic men. Returning to tho capital, the Prest' dent, who should thank him for his ser vices, turns a cold shoulder, and sympa thy of traitoiejs wretehea who never bad a word <J( cheer for the Union eaose during tbe whole of the long,deadly strife. The soldier whose "swoTd hai won the battle fur the free," the able chieftain who has dismantled the fortres4 ot re bellion in Louisiana and Texas, and male tho laws and the loyal cause par amount, encounters only the stern disapproval of a recreant Chief Mag istrate and his submissive and pliant Cabinet. This, it will be said in En rope, is another proof of the ingratitude of republics, for no hero ever had better claims to reward than Sheridan, and none has ever been treated so shafflsfal ly and so unjustly. But is it really so ? Does the republic feel ungrateful for these glorious ser vices/ Let the grand reception awarded to Sheridan by the people at St: Louis, at Washington, and at Philadelt phia answer. The hearts of tho loyal masses are all right. They love, they honor, and they will itaod by ady man who faithfully does his duty. Bat especially will they adhere to the gal lant soldier who,alter emerging triumph antly from a struggle with the enemy in a long and terrible war, erects new moi nunments of glor to liberty and loyalty by his administration of * distant and dangerous {department, in tbe face of rebel local officials and secrat conspir a oies, surrounded by yellow fever, and attacked in the rear by a recreant President of the ropublic. It is through no fault of the people that the unhappy man who wields tho Executive has become the base tool of a rebel reaction. It is a Calamity which Providence has visited upen as, as Chs same inscrutable wisdom affliced us with uumerous disasters in the war, to lift our hearts, to strengthen oar purposes, to elevate our devotion to freedom and nationality, te prevent our rusihng with too much heedless haste into measure that, if consummated ere this, wight have bfcon regretted. General Sheridan is too good a soldier, too earnest an American, too stouthearted in tho oanso of freedom, to believe that the republio has been ungreateful to him fer his glorious services. With the same sub lime devotion, he will await the coming of that meed of justice which so many ot' his brave comrades have during the long struggle been doomed to await With painful patience. TBI man who. has nothing to boast of BUT his illustrious ancestry is like a potato—the only good belonging to biui is under the groan ad >